课件41张PPT。2016年江苏省初中英语听力口语
自动化考试纲要
话题简述1. 学校生活 School life
例一 要点：
杰克是一名八年级学生，就读于伦敦附近的一所学校；
他最喜欢的学科是中文课，他认为学习外语很有趣；
3. 学校每学期有一个“读书周”，他和他的同学们喜欢这个“读书周”，他们可以读到来自学校图书馆的许多书和杂志；他很喜欢他的学校。Jack is a Year 8 student at a school near London. His school has a reading week every term. Jack and his classmates love it. They can read many books and magazines from the school library. Jack loves his school very much.
His favorite subject is Chinese. He thinks learning foreign languages is fun. 1. 学校生活 School life
例二 要点：
南希14岁，是七年级学生；
2. 她放学后打排球，每周两次；她喜爱这项运动，花很多时间练习；
3. 每周一她去“同伴俱乐部”；在那里，老生给新生讲学校生活情况；同伴朱莉帮助她全面了解新学校情况；朱莉是她的好朋友。Nancy is 14 years old. She’s in the seventh grade. Twice a week, she plays volleyball after school. She loves this game and spends a lot of time practising. Every Monday, Nancy goes to a Buddy Club. There older students talk to new students about school life. Her buddy Julie helps her learn all about her new school . Julie is her good friend.
2. 爱好与学业 Hobbies and studies
例一 要点：
我有许多爱好，喜爱游泳、唱歌和购物，目前旅游是我的最爱；
2. 但是，每天我有很多家庭作业；要花如此多的时间做家庭作业，以致不能为我的爱好找到时间了；对此我真的感到遗憾；
3. 我不想因为家庭作业而放弃全部爱好。I have many hobbies. I love swimming, singing and shopping. At the moment, travelling is my favourite hobby. However, I have a lot of homework every day. I spend so much time doing my homework that I cannot find any time for my hobbies. I really feel bad about it. I don’t want to give up all my hobbies because of my homework.例二 要点：
迈克疯狂地迷恋足球，喜爱看足球比赛，当然也喜爱踢足球；
2. 放学后，他经常花一个小时左右的时间和同学们一起踢足球；
3. 他的父母不喜欢这一点，要求他在5点半之前回家；他认为在爱好上花些时间是重要的，希望能得到父母的支持。Mike is crazy about football! He loves watching football matches. Of course, he loves playing football too.His parents don’t like this and have asked him to go home before 5:30. He thinks it is important for him to spend some time on his hobbies. He wishes he could have his parents’ support.He often spends about one hour playing football with his classmates after school. 3. 饮食 Diet
例一 要点：
为了更加健康，我已改变了饮食；
2. 以前，我很少吃水果、蔬菜，喜欢糕点、糖果和可乐；
3. 现在，早餐时总吃一根香蕉、一些面包，喝一杯牛奶；午餐时，通常吃鱼和蔬菜；
4. 我现在正变得越来越健康，学习情况也因此而大大改善了。I’m now becoming healthier and healthier. Because of this, my studies have greatly improved.I have changed my diet because I want to be healthier.Before, I seldom ate fruit and vegetables. I liked cakes, sweets and cola.Now, I always have a banana, some bread and a glass of milk for breakfast. I usually eat fish and vegetables for lunch.例二 要点：
以前，汤姆喜爱薯条和汉堡包，吃很多甜的零食，很少吃水果和蔬菜；
2. 现在，为了要更健康，他已改变了饮食；早餐常喝点牛奶，吃点面包；
正餐常吃米饭、鱼和蔬菜；饭后常吃些水果；
3. 汤姆现在健康多了，他知道改变不健康的饮食很重要。Tom is much healthier now. He knows it is important to change an unhealthy diet. Before, Tom loved chips and hamburgers and ate a lot of sweet snacks, but he seldom ate fruit and vegetables.Now, he has changed his diet because he wants to be healthier. For breakfast, he usually has some milk and bread.He usually has rice, fish and vegetables for dinner. After meals he often eats some fruit.
4.大熊猫Giant pandas
人人喜欢大熊猫；大熊猫温顺且安静，吃一种特别的竹子；
2. 世界上现仅有大约一千只大熊猫，他们的数目越来越少；
3. 大熊猫生活的地方正在变为农田，
而且人们也为取其皮毛而猎捕它们；
如此下去，世界上很快将再无大熊猫。Everyone likes giant pandas. Giant pandas are quiet and peaceful.They eat a special kind of bamboo .Now, there are only about 1,600 giant pandas in the world. Their number is going down. Their living areas are becoming farmlands. Also, people hunt them for their fur. If this continues, there will soon be no giant pandas in the world . 熊猫宝宝名叫“希望”，
出生时重约90克，
每天喝母乳；
6个月时，开始吃竹子；
2. 可悲的是，大熊猫在野外很难存活；
假如人们砍掉树和森林，大熊猫将无栖身之处；
3. 我们应当尽力保护它们。
The baby panda is called Xi Wang. When she was born, she weighed about 90 grams. She drank her mother’s milk every day. When she was six months old, she started to eat bamboo. Sadly, it is difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild. If people cut down trees and forests, giant pandas will have nowhere to live. We should try our best to protect them. 5. 自己动手做 Do it yourself
例一 要点：
我的表弟安德鲁对DIY很着迷；他喜欢修理物品，装饰房间；但是当他完成
之后，房间总是一团糟；
2. 曾经有一次他试图在他的卧室里安装一盏更亮的灯；但是他犯了一个错误，整个房间都停电了；
3. 我给他买了一些关于DIY的书籍，并建议他去选修一些DIY的课程。
My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY. He loves to repair things and decorate his house. But when he finishes, The house always looks terrible. He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake. Then his whole house had a power cut.So I bought some books about DIY for him, and I also advised him to take some courses in DIY.例二 要点：
这里有一些制作一份水果沙拉的小建议；
2. 首先，使用当季水果；
其次，搭配不同颜色的水果；比如，把红色的苹果、青色的梨子、紫色的葡萄搭配起来会使沙拉看上去五彩缤纷。
3. 最后，在食用沙拉前再做沙拉；有些水果在空气中被放置一段时间会很快变色。
Here are some tips for making a fruit salad . First, use fruit in season.Then, use fruit of different colours. For example, mixing red apples, green pears and purple grapes together will make the salad look very colourful .Last,prepare the fruit salad just before you are going to eat it. Some of the fruit will quickly turn brown when you leave it in the air for some time.6. 阅读 Reading 例一 要点： 1.我喜欢看罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森的书，我认为它们真的太精彩了；
2.比如，《金银岛》讲述的是一个小男孩的故事；
他出海航行，寻找宝藏；故事给了我很大的信心；
3.读了这本书后，我不再像以前那样害羞；将来，我还想去旅游，拥有一些令人兴奋的经历。I enjoy reading the books of Robert Louis Stevenson because I find them really exciting.For example, Treasure Island tells the story of a young boy.He sails the sea to look for hidden treasure.
His story gives me a lot of confidence.After reading the book, I’m not as shy as I used to be.
I also want to travel and have exciting experiences in the future.例二 要点：1.我喜欢阅读；每周我花七个多小时阅读各种类型的书；
我对历史题材的书感兴趣，但是我最爱看小说；
2.朋友们给我很多读书建议；
我们常见面、讨论读什么书；
We often meet together and discuss what to read.
3.阅读总是段美好的时光。
Reading is always a wonderful time.
好书让我在忙碌一天之后轻松下来；
Good books help me relax after a busy day.
同时也向我打开了一个全新的世界。I love reading. I spend over seven hours a week reading different types of books.I am interested in history books, but I like novels best.My friends give me lots of advice on books.They also open up a whole new world to me.7. 推荐 Recommendations
例一 要点：
如果你在考虑去北京旅游，我推荐这本书；
2. 这本书描述了在该市内的许多旅游景点，还介绍了当地的纪念品；书中有许多漂亮的照片；
3. 从这本书中你可以了解到有关北京的许多情况；
4. 书的价格不贵，你可以在附近的书店里买到它。If you are thinking about visiting Beijing, I recommend this book. The book is not expensive. You can buy it in a nearby bookshop.It describes many tourist attractions in the city. It also tells you about the local souvenirs. There are many beautiful photos in the book.You can learn a lot about Beijing from this book.例二 要点：
我推荐海伦担任网球俱乐部的负责人；
2. 她成为俱乐部成员已经三年了；一直积极参加俱乐部活动；
我常看到她刻苦训练；今年她在学校网球比赛中获得第一名；她做事有条不紊；
3. 我认为她是俱乐部负责人的恰当人选。I think she is a good choice to be the Tennis Club leader.I recommend Helen to be the Tennis Club leader.She has been a club member for three years. She always takes an active part in club activities.I often see her practising hard. This year, she came first in the school tennis competition. She is also very organized.
8. 变迁 Changes
我对阳光城很了解；
四岁时随父母一起搬到了这里，
从那以后就住在这里；
2. 我们先住在城北；
几年后，我们搬到城中心的另一座公寓；
3. 现在阳光城已经发生了很大变化，
看起来就像一个美丽的大公园。I know Sunshine Town very well. I moved here with my parents when I was four years old. I have lived here since then. We first lived in the northern party of town. A few years later, we moved to another flat in the centre of town. Now Sunshine Town has changed a lot. It looks like a big beautiful park. 阳光城变化很大；
政府已将这个地方变成了一个公园；
我们有了一个大卖场和一个剧院，
也有了开阔的空地和美丽的花园；
2. 然而，要看到一些老朋友就有困难了；
他们已搬到了北京或其他地方，我时而感到有点寂寞；
3. 有时，他们回来看我，那使我很高兴。 Sunshine Town has changed a lot. The government has turned the place into a park. We have a large shopping mall and a theatre. We have open spaces and pretty gardens too. However, it is difficult to see some of my old friends. They have moved to Beijing or other places, and I feel a bit lonely from time to time. Sometimes they come back to see me, and that makes me very happy. 9.著名人物Famous people(例一 要点) 1.谭盾1958年出生在中国湖南省中部；
很小的时候就表现出对音乐的兴趣；
2.对他而言，最好的音乐来自自然界；
由于他喜欢大自然的声音，他经常在自己的音乐里使用它们；
3.谭盾成功地把中国音乐和西方音乐融合在一起；
在东西方之间架起了桥梁；
用他自己的话讲，“我的音乐梦想无边界。 Tan Dun was born in 1958 in central Hunan, China.When he was very young, Tan showed an interest in music.To him, the best music comes from nature.As he likes the sounds of nature, Tan uses them a lot in his music.Tan has successfully brought Chinese and Western music together.He has helped build a bridge between the East and the West.In his words, “My music is to dream without boundaries.”例二 要点：1.谭盾是当今世界最伟大的艺术家之一；
他在年轻的时候用石头、纸张等常见的物品来制作音乐；
2.他喜欢来自大自然的声音；他经常在自己的音乐里使用它们；
3.比如，在他的一部作品《水乐》中，他没有使用任何乐器；
通过控制水流的速度，他用水制造出了五十多种声音；那真是太神奇了！Tan Dun is one of the greatest artists in the world today.He used to make music with common objects like stones and paper when he was young .He loves the sounds of nature. He uses them a lot in his music.For example, in one of his works, water, he doesn’t use any musical instrumentsHe makes over 50 sounds from water by controlling the speed of water flow. That’s really amazing!10. 我的家乡 My home town
例一 要点：
我的家乡在中国的东部，是个小城镇；
2. 城里有个美丽的公园，在那里我们可以散步，也可以看到小山、树和湖；
城里有一些高楼，最高的那栋楼有二十四层；
有很多商店，我们经常在商店里购物；
3. 我很喜欢我的家乡。My home town is in the east of China. It is a small town. In it there is a beautiful park. We can go walking there. We can see hills, trees and lakes too. There are some tall buildings in the town and the tallest one has twenty-four floors.There are lots of shops. We often go shopping in them.I like my home town very much.例二 要点：
我住在一个小城市的附近；我的房子外便是公共汽车站；乘公交车到市中心约需十分钟；
2. 在市中心有许多建筑物，包括一个大型购物中心、一个青年中心和一个博物馆，还有一个公园；
3. 青年中心是我最喜欢的地方，周末我经常和朋友们去那里。I live near a small city. Outside my house is a bus stop. It takes about ten minutes to get to the city centre by bus. There are lots of buildings there, including a large shopping mall, a youth centre and a museum. There is a park too. The youth centre is my favourite place. I often go there with my friends at the weekend.
11.颜色Colours
一些颜色使人感到平静和安宁；
蓝色便是其一；蓝色也表示难过；
感到难过的人可以说：“我感到忧伤”；
2. 使人感到平静和安宁的另一种颜色是白色；
白色代表纯洁；
如果你感到压力大，就可以穿白色的衣服。Some colours make people feel calm and peaceful. Blue is one of these colours. Blue can also represent sadness.Someone who is feeling sad may say, “I’m feeling blue.”Another colour that makes people feel calm and peaceful is white. White is the colour of purity.You could wear white if you are feeling stressed.一些颜色能使你感到温暖；
生活在寒冷气候里的人们，更喜欢用暖色来给他们的家一种 温暖和舒服的感觉；
2. 橙色是暖色之一，
能带给你成功，使你高兴；
黄色是另一种暖色，
是太阳的颜色，也是智慧之色。Some colours can make you feel warm. People who live in a cold climate prefer to use warm colours to give their homes a warm and comfortable feeling. Orange is one of the warm colours. Orange can bring you success and cheer you up. Yellow is another warm colour. Yellow is the colour of the sun. It is also the colour of wisdom. 例二12. 介绍 Introductions（例一 要点）：
刘浩是连接阳光城到天津路段高铁的总工程师；
他严肃，话不多，做事有条不紊；
2. 工作上，他总是追求高标准；刘浩认为失之毫厘，谬以千里，因此必须重视每个细节；
3. 他对他的团队很友好；大家觉得他是一个谦虚、易相处的人。He is friendly to his team members. They think he’s modest and easy to work with.Liu Hao is the chief engineer of the high-speed railway connecting Sunshine Town to Tianjin.He is serious and doesn’t like to talk much. He is well organized.He always works to high standards. Liu Hao believes a miss is as good as a mile, so it is necessary to pay attention to every detail.介绍 Introduction(例二 要点)：
五年前，孙宁放弃了她的会计师的职业；
她开始在一家大公司的销售部门工作；
2. 她的上一份工作中，她天天只能与数字打交道，那使她很不开心；因为喜欢与人打交道，她选择了新的工作；
3. 现在，孙宁是这家公司的总经理；她说她随时准备接受新的挑战。Sun Ning gave up her job as an accountant 5 years ago.She started to work for the sales department in a big company. In her last job, she could only work with numbers day after day. That made her unhappy. She chose her new job because she loved working with people.Sun Ning is now the general manager of the company. She said she was ready to take on new challenges anytime.
13. 时尚 fashion
我是个中学生；上周我设计了一件上衣、一条短裙和一双靴子；
2. 黑色的上衣是用羊毛制成的，长而漂亮；红色的裙子也是用羊毛制成的适合在秋天穿；靴子是短筒皮靴，与衣服很相配；
3. 我非常喜爱它们。
I am a middle school student. Last week I designed a coat, a skirt and a pair of boots.
. The black coat is made of wool. It is long and beautiful. The red skirt is made of wool too. It is good for autumn. The boots are short and are made of leather. They match the clothes very well.
I love them very much. 上星期六，我们班举办了一场时装表演；我们都穿着20世纪不同时代的服装；
2. 海伦看上去色彩鲜艳，她的一身衣服来自20世纪80年代； 约翰看起来很休闲，穿着蓝黄相间的运动衣和一双色彩鲜艳的运动鞋； 20世纪90年代的年轻人喜欢穿运动鞋。
Last Saturday, our class held a fashion show. We all wore clothes from different times in the 20th century.
Helen looked colourful. Her clothes were from the 1980s. John looked very relaxed. He wore blue-and-yellow sports clothes and a pair of colourful trainers. Young people in the 1990s liked wearing trainers. 14. 帮助他人Helping others （例一 要点：） 1.我的表妹朱迪在大学里加入了志愿者工程；
她在中国西北部的一所小学里当老师，为期一年；
2.她教学生语文、英语和数学；
有时候还教他们唱歌；她还让他们读很多书；
3.朱迪认为，对大学生们来说，给贫困地区的孩子们上课是件非常有意义的事；
通过这种方式，他们能够帮助当地人改善自己的生活。My cousin Judy has taken part in a volunteer project in her college.She works as a primary school teacher in North-west China for one year.She teaches the students Chinese ,English and MathsShe sometimes teaches them songs. She also gives them a lot of books to read.Judy thinks it is meaningful for college students to teach children in poor areas.In this way, they can help the local people improve their lives.14 例二 要点：1.小伟，一名九年级的学生，从上个月起就生病住院了；医生说手术也许能够挽救他；
2.但是手术要花费三十多万元；
小伟的父母都是农民，他们没有足够的钱；然而，对小伟而言 尽快手术很重要；
3.如果我们都能伸出援助之手，也许他会很快康复。 Xiao Wei, a Grade 9 student, has been ill in hospital since last month. The doctor says an operation may save him.But it will cost over 300,000 yuan.Xiao Wei’s parents are both farmers. They do not have enough money. However, it is important for Xiao Wei to have the operation as soon as possible.If all of us can give a helping hand, he may get well again soon.15. 电视 TV
例一 要点：
我校的学生喜欢各种电视节目；
2. 安尼塔是七年级的学生，最喜欢看的电视节目是《动物世界》；
她的哥哥汤姆在8年级，最喜欢《体育城》；
3. 他们每天看一小时电视，从电视节目中，他们学到了从书本上学不到的许多东西。They watch TV for one hour every day. From TV programmes they’ve learned a lot that can’t be learned from books.The students in our school like different kinds of TV programmes.Anita is a Grade 7 student. Her favourite programme is Animal World.Her elder brother Tom is in Grade 8. His favourite programme is Sports City.例二 要点：
今天是个非常令人激动的日子；我和表兄一起参加了一个电视竞赛节目；
2. 在节目中，我们要合作回答各种关于体育知识的问题；
节目开始前，我感到很紧张，但是我和表兄好好地做了准备；
我们答对了大部分问题；最后，我们获得最高分，赢得了比赛；
3. 我的家人都很高兴。Finally, we got the top score and won the show. Today is a very exciting day. My cousin and I took part in a TV game show.On the show we had to work together to answer all kinds of questions about sports.Before the show I felt quite nervous, but my cousin and I prepared well.We answered most of the questions correctly.My family are all very happy.
16. 迪斯尼乐园 Disneyland
我和父母在香港已经三天了，
在这儿过得很愉快；
2. 今天，我们在迪斯尼乐园度过了一整天；
它是个著名的主题公园，共有四个不同的区域，我们一一参观了；
最后，我们观看了一场烟火表演；
3. 我拍了许多照片，回去后会给朋友们看。My parents and I have been in Hong Kong for three days. We are having a good time here. Today, we spent the whole day at Disneyland. It is a famous theme park. It has four different areas. We visited all of them.At the end of the day, we watched a fireworks show. I took a lot of photos there. I will show them to my friends when I get back. 上星期六我们乘地铁去了迪斯尼乐园；
2. 我们先在大门口拍照，
然后参观了乐园里的四个区域；
下午，当迪斯尼人物开始游行时，我们非常激动；
它是一天最精彩的部分；
游行后，我们观看了一部4D电影；
3. 我们在乐园里待了大约8个小时,
它可真是激动人心的一天。First we took photos at the entrance. Last Saturday we went to Disneyland by underground. Then we visited the four areas inside. We were very excited when a parade of Disney characters began later in the afternoon. It was the best part of the day. After the parade, we watched a 4-D film. We stayed at the park for about 8 hours.. It was a really exciting day. 17. 环境保护 Environmental protection例一 要点： 1.污染是当今世界最严峻的问题之一；
很多地方，垃圾被扔进了湖泊和河流；
因此，很多湖泊和河流都遭受了污染；
2.有些城市，空气中都充满了污染；这导致人们生病；
和人类一样，动物们也深受其害；
3.如果我们不行动起来保护环境，将会有更多的生物死于污染。Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today.In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers.So many of them are polluted.In some cities, the air is filled with pollution. This makes people ill.As well as people, animals are harmed by pollution.If we do not act to protect the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution.例二 要点：1.瑞士高山环绕，湖水清澈湛蓝，非常美丽；
2.在瑞士，玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品都是分类收集，然后进行回收；
即使是旧的衣服、鞋子都能被回收再利用；
3.政府有很多法律来保护环境；
比如，人们不能砍伐树木，否则将会受到惩罚；
记住，每个人都可以做一些改变。Switzerland is beautiful with high mountains and clean blue lakes.In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.Even old clothes and shoes can be recycled.The government has many laws to protect the environment.For example, people are not allowed to cut down trees. Otherwise, they will be punished.Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference.18. 保护动物 Protecting animals
扎龙自然保护区是世界上最重要的湿地之一；许多鸟儿生活在那里；湿地里有许多鱼，鸟儿很容易找到食物；
2. 现在，越来越多的鸟儿因为没有足够的生存空间而处于危险当中； 它们中的许多已经死掉了；
3. 中国政府想要保护这些濒危鸟类；它们在像扎龙这样的保护区会是安全的。Zhalong Nature Reserve is one of the world’s most important wetlands. Many birds live there. There are many fish in the wetland, so the birds can easily find food.More and more birds are now in danger because they do not have enough living space. Lots of them have died. The Chinese government wants to protect these endangered birds. They can be safe in reserves like Zhalong. 我们喜欢观鸟；我们每年两次统计鸟儿的数量，以研究鸟儿在数量方面的变化；
2. 现在我们邀请学生们帮忙；需要更多的人帮我们点数；
3. 许多人不知道湿地的重要性；我们希望这则信息会有助于他们理解。它可以使他们采取行动来保护野生动物。
We like birdwatching. We do a bird count twice a year to study the changes in bird numbers.
We are now inviting students to help. We need more people to help us count. Many people do not understand the importance of the wetlands. We hope this information will help them understand. It may make them take action to protect wildlife. 19.自然灾害Natural disasters
1.地震开始时我正在图书馆里；
2. 地面开始猛烈地摇晃；
我试图往外跑，但玻璃碎片和砖头砸了下来，墙开始坍塌；
3. 最后，响声和摇动都停了下来；
4. 我意识到我的一条腿被卡住了；我担心没人会发现我，所以尖叫呼救；
好在一条狗发现了我，有人把我拉了出去。
I was in the library when the earthquake started. The earth started to shake hard . I tried to run outside, but pieces of glass and bricks fell down, and the walls began to come down. Finally, the noise and shaking ended. I realized my leg was trapped. I was afraid that no one would find me. I screamed for help.Luckily, a dog found me and someone pulled me out. 上周三，暴风雪袭击了北京；
放学后，贝蒂和她的朋友艾米合撑一把伞，走向公交车站；
2. 天气真是坏极了。
突然，一阵大风从身后刮来，
她们在大风中弄丢了伞，她们俩几乎跌倒，
只能在暴风雪中慢慢地走向公交车站；
3. 最后，她们上了一辆公交车回家了。A snowstorm hit Beijing last Wednesday. After school, Betty shared an umbrella with her friend, Amy, and they walked to the bus stop.The weather was really terrible. Suddenly, a strong wind came from behind. They lost their umbrella in the wind and nearly fell over. They had to walk slowly through the storm to the bus stop. At last, they got on a bus and went home. 20. 文化 Culture（例一 要点：） 1.第一次见面，英国人通常会说“你好”或者“很高兴认识你”，与你握手；
2.在公共场合，他们举止得体；他们认为插队是无理的行为，他们总是排队；在家中他们也非常有礼貌；
3.“入乡随俗”；当我们在一个陌生的地方，我们的行为举止应当像当地人一样。British people usually say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hands when they meet you for the first time.They behave politely in public. They think it’s rude to push in before others. They always queue. They are very polite at home as well.“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” When we are in a strange place, we should do as the local people do.例二 要点：1.我们能在很多地方，比如医院、博物馆、街道、公园见到各类公共标志；通常，它们颜色鲜明，用图形表达；
2.大多数公共标志能给我们提供有用的信息；
它们能帮我们找路，告诉我们周围的地点；
它们提醒我们远离危险，告诫我们不能做某事；
比如，在艺术博物馆里我们总能看到“禁止拍照”的标志。We can see different public signs in places like hospitals, museums, streets, and parks. They are often bright in colour and have pictures on them.Most of them give us useful information.They help us find our way and tell us about the places
around us.They keep us safe from danger and warn us not to do sth.For example, we can always see the sign “No photos” in an art museum.
