北京市第二中学2024-2025学年高二上学期第一学期月考英语试题（含答案）
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2024-2025学年北京市第二中学高二上学期第一学期月考英语试题
第一卷(共两部分, 58 分)
第一部分: 知识运用(共两节, 20分)
第一节 语音知识(共 5 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 5分)
选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。
1. A. appropriate B. approve C. prospect D. occupation ________
2 A. crime B. column C. combine D. cease ________
3. A. reliable B. clarify C. internal D. visible ________
4. A. luxury B. structure C. rural D. ultimately ________
5. A. fantasy B. valley C. fashion D. label ________
第二节 完形填空(共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandfather was a writer of many books. As a child and a teenager, I wrote ____6____, trying to be an author like him.When I ____7____ my first book, I was not sure if I should throw it out to the world or shelter it forever. That’s why I went to grandpa that night, my faithful reader, who once again gave me tremendous ____8____。
“Did you bring the book I heard you talk about it and I can’t wait to see your ____9____.”
“Oh yeah, the book. I completed it yesterday,” I handed him the draft, “but I don’t think it’s that good...”
He turned to a random page and ____10____ more of the pages. “Why do you think this isn’t good It looks fine to me.Very heart-warming.”
“Well, I’m not sure. It could be better than it is now.”
“You can’t expect for the book to be ____11____. Writing is a skill that takes time. You already finished the story, and now you have to ____12____ others what you’ve got.” he passed the book back to me. “If people don’t like it, then write again. Criticism is important, but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are ____13____ with your work.”
“Is that how you became a writer ”
“Yes, and every other writer before me. You have to start from the ____14____ and then reach the top.”
I finally broke out into a smile and he did too. I looked carefully at the book one more time. The pages bound together gave me hope for the future. That settled it. I was going to have to _____15_____ myself and let others see my work. For me and for my grandpa.
6. A. fast B. well C. nonstop D. little
7. A. polished B. finished C. deleted D. published
8. A. tasks B. pressure C. rewards D. inspiration
9. A. progress B. style C. comment D. reaction
10. A. copied B. wrote C. scanned D. edited
11. A. perfect B. unique C. complex D. practical
12. A. send B. show C. teach D. sell
13. A. content B. strict C. patient D. exhausted
14 A. end B. failure C. bottom D. criticism
15. A. give up B. count on C. look after D. get over
第二部分: 阅读理解(共两节38分)
第一节(共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
To: David Russel＜drusell@mmail.org＞From: Alyssa Meller＜ameller@＞Date: January 12Subject: Meetings
Dear Mr. Russel, Welcome to work here for a few days. I am writing to let you know that Roger Williams, one of our staff members, will pick you up at the airport on Sunday evening. We have a hotel arrangement for you just next to our office building. As a popular writer of children’s literature, you will be giving a presentation in our boardroom. All of us are expecting the new contents in your books, which will surely include your understanding of children’s literature. We hope to learn more from you about how to efficiently organize contents and develop written communication skills. At your request, I was about to arrange several meetings with your coauthors to discuss revisions to your series of children’s stories, which will be an important part during your stay here. Because of the tight schedule, you will probably have some busy days here. But we will try our best to ensure that you can have a high efficiency. All details are provided below. Mon.9:00 a.m.Presentation on new contents11:00 a.m.Lunch meeting with Thomas Wood (illustrator)Tue.9:30 a.m.Breakfast with Gary Willson (book designer)11:20 a.m.Conference call with Scott West (the CEO of Walter Publishing)2:00 p.m.Meeting with Hank Willis about some of the chaptersWed.9:00 a.m.Meeting with Georg Hoffmann to translate some documents into English11:00 a.m.Editing session with Jose Wright
After the final meeting on Wednesday, we will drive you to West Town Station by 4:00 p.m. Your train from the station to the airport will depart at 4:30 p.m. and your flight is scheduled to leave at 6:10 p.m. If there is anything unsuitable for the arrangement, please let me know and we will adjust the schedule as soon as possible. Looking forward to meeting you next week Alyssa
16. What is the purpose of the email
A. To provide a work schedule.
B. To make a travel arrangement.
C. To propose an adaptation of the storybooks.
D. To inform Mr. Russel of a schedule change.
17. What can we learn about Mr. Russel
A. He is attending a book fair.
B. He is drafting a research proposal.
C He is advertising children’s storybooks.
D. He is working with others on a project.
18. When is Mr. Russel expected to discuss the contents of his storybooks
A. At 11:00 a.m. on Monday.
B. At 11:20 a.m. on Tuesday.
C. At 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday.
D. At 9:00 a.m. on Wednesday.
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
19. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
20. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
21. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
22. What is the basis for John’s work
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
C
“Flying insects don’t fly directly to lights from far away because they’re attracted to them, but appear to change course toward a light if they happen to be passing by due to a strange inborn biological response,” writes Samuel Fabian, a bioengineer, in a research paper.
Until now, the leading scientific hypothesis has been that insects use the moon’s light to direct the way at night and mistake artificial lights for the moon. But this idea doesn’t explain why insects that only fly during the day also gather around lights.
To find out what really happens Samuel’s team track the precise movements of insects in the wild around lights using a high-speed camera. This revealed two notable behaviours. First, when insects fly above lights, they often invert (转向) themselves and try to fly upside down, causing them to fall very fast. Just after insects pass under a light, they start doing a ring road. As their climb angle becomes too steep, they suddenly stop and start to fall. Second, when insects approach a light from the side, they may circle or “orbit” the light.
The videos show that the inversions sometimes result in insects falling on lights. It can appear to the naked eye as though they are flying at the lights. “Instead, insects turn their dorsum toward the light, generating flight perpendicular(垂直) to the source,” the team write. It is common to the two behaviours that the insects are keeping their backs to the light, known as the dorsal light response (DLR). This DLR is a shortcut for insects to work out which way is up and keep their bodies upright, as the moon or sun is usually more or less directly above them, and this direction allows them to maintain proper flight attitude and control. They also find that the insects fly at right angles to a light source, leading to orbiting and unstable flights as the light’s location relative to them changes as they move.
Samuel’s team suggest that a possible outcome of the research could help the construction industry to avoid the types of light that most attract insects.
23. What does the research focus on
A. Why insects gather around lights.
B. Where artificial lights lead insects to.
C. What biological response insects are born with.
D. How to design environment friendly artificial lights.
24. What can we learn about insects from the videos of their movements
A. They fly directly to lights. B. They circle close to lights.
C. Their flying speed is steady. D. Their inversions can be controlled.
25. DLR makes insects ____________.
A. balance their flying B. keep their route straight
C. decide their body positon D. shorten their flight distance
D
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.
Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science ” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method - develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it - isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults.
A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science - the more people looking at a claim from different angles - is important.
Does this process ever go wrong Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are ”always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
26. What can we learn about the so-called scientific method
A. It’s an easy job to prove its existence. B. It usually agrees with scientists’ ideas.
C. It hardly gets mixed with false theories. D. It constantly changes and progresses.
27. What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released.
28. According to the passage, the author may agree that________.
A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims
B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned
C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny
D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Put Your Faith in Science B. Defend the Truth in Science
C. Apply Your Mind to Science D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science
第二节(共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 共 10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Parents and teachers want children to grow up to be happy and successful.
___30___ A wide range of research, however, indicates happiness brings success in adults, and achievements do not always make adults happier.
Recently in new study, John K. Coffey II, assistant professor of psychology at Sewanee, the University of the South, found that happiness during infancy (婴儿期) predicted childhood IQ and adult educational success.
In his 29-year study, Coffey used the Fullerton Longitudinal Study (FLS). In 1978 the FLS research team recruited 130 parents with babies for a study that now has run for more than 30 years. ___31___ When each baby was 18 months old, one parent reported how often his or her baby expressed positive and negative emotions and researchers measured the infant’s IQ. When babies were children (ages 6 to 8), they completed IQ tests. When babies had grown into 29-year-old adults, they reported how many years of education they had completed and their life satisfaction.
As expected, Coffey found that regardless of intelligence during infancy or parents’ wealth, happier babies were more likely to graduate from high school and college. ___32___ It suggests that happier babies learn more between infancy and childhood.
___33___ Parents wishing to help their children enjoy greater happiness can focus on small changes they can make in their day-to-day lives to create more positive moments. Parents do not need to aim for intense experiences or “best day ever” for their children. Although peak experiences can be fun, they also tend to be tiring for both children and their parents, which can lead to anxiety and conflict.
Currently, Coffey and other researchers are exploring when and why some children are happier than others or whether we can increase it. Happiness during infancy and childhood is predicted by relationships with caregivers and teachers or by learning new skills. Inexpensive and easy-to-do activities like practising acts of kindness or appreciation can boost happiness. ___34___
A. We often think that achieving success will ultimately make us happy.
B. We can use these activities to help children grow into happy and successful adults.
C. To test his theory, Coffey looked at how intensely children’s emotions are experienced.
D. These happy babies aren’t just growing up to be successful, but they are also happy adults.
E. Further, happier babies had more growth in their IQ scores between infancy and childhood.
F. Another important clarification is that happiness is about how often emotions are experienced.
G. Early on, parents reported on their background, for instance, education level and employment.
第二卷(共三部分, 52 分)
第一部分: 词汇知识(共8小题; 每题1分, 共8分)
根据句意从框词中选择合适的单词, 并使用单词的正确形式完成句子, 每空仅填写一个单词。
secure entertain vary oppose appeal efficient stretch compare
35. The island offers such a wide________ of scenery and wildlife.
36. She gave him a soft________ look that would have melted solid ice.
37. If you like watching plays or films, refer to our local newspaper. Local________ are listed there.
38. He was strongly________ to George’s entry right at the beginning. But finally he agreed.
39. The tallest buildings in London are small in________ with New York’s skyscrapers.
40. In the ruins of war, I saw a slogan, “To those who seek peace and________: We support you”.
41. The abnormal pattern can be________ detected from time series by this algorithm.
42. ________out our arms and legs before doing a vigorous exercise can prevent us from getting injured.
第二部分: 语法知识(共10小题; 每题1.5分, 共15分)
A
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Digital World is a set of volumes that aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores a wide range of ____43____ (material), explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have ____44____ everyday life. ____45____ the number of possible topics is practically limitless, we have to focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers ____46____ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.
B
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the past few years, researchers at Lund University ____47____ (publish) several papers on dogs’ ability to detect the warmth of a body without touching it. Their results show that, from 5 feet away, dogs can reliably tell the difference between a 4 inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature. The scientists identified a set of nerves in a dog’s nose ____48____ appear to be responsible. The skin on a dog’s nose can absorb the tiny amount of infrared light (红外线) leaking from a warm object, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense the extra energy, ____49____ (signal) to the brain that something warm is nearby.
C
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____50____ (fill) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river ____51____ he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter. As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____52____ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.
第三部分: 书面表达(共两节, 29分)
第一节 阅读表达(共3小题; 第1-2题每小题2分, 第3题5分, 满分9分)
阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Mobile Translators
Not that long ago, portable (便携的) translation devices were only commonplace in works of science fiction. Travelers who headed to foreign countries took dictionaries or phrasebooks with them. But now people can access instant translation services almost anywhere they go.
Online translations are free, and when you use translation apps like Google Translate or iTranslate, sometimes you don’t even have to look things up! Just point your phone’s camera at some text, and a translation instantly appears. If you want to translate something being said aloud, just turn on your phone’s microphone. Some apps even have a conversation mode where you take turns speaking with someone in a different language.
Translation apps make foreign travel much easier than before. They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don’t speak your language. But these apps are far from perfect. Sometimes a translation makes no sense, and you can only guess what it mainly means. Other times, you might not know that the translation has failed until you try it on a native speaker.
Although these apps are not perfect, you’ll still feel surprised when considering what’s happening underneath the app’s surface. You might not appreciate how advanced modern translation systems are! Translators use machine learning to compare millions of examples of human translated texts. That information helps the program reproduce more natural sounding translations based on real-world examples. People can flag incorrect or unhelpful translations and suggest better ones. This input is then used to make future translations better.
With programs like Google Translate, it can be hard to get good translations for single words because most words have multiple meanings. It’s better to try short sentences that provide context instead. But make the sentence straightforward. Anything too complicated or idiomatic will likely produce unusual results.
As people continue to use translation services, translations will improve. One day you might not have to worry about a poor translation causing an embarrassing misunderstanding. But used wisely, they are still excellent aids for exploring and understanding the world around you.
53. How do the translation apps make foreign travel easier than before
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
54. How can you get the most correct translations when using the mobile translators
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
55. Would you like to use mobile translators in your daily life Why (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分20分)
56. 假设你是高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim近期将来北京旅游。他打算去一个有特色的公园游玩，发来邮件让你推荐一个。请给他回信，内容包括：
1.公园名称及推荐理由；
2.建议他做哪些准备。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案版
第一卷(共两部分, 58 分)
第一部分: 知识运用(共两节, 20分)
第一节 语音知识(共 5 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 5分)
选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。
1. A. appropriate B. approve C. prospect D. occupation ________
2. A. crime B. column C. combine D. cease ________
3. A. reliable B. clarify C. internal D. visible ________
4. A. luxury B. structure C. rural D. ultimately ________
5. A. fantasy B. valley C. fashion D. label ________
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D
第二节 完形填空(共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandfather was a writer of many books. As a child and a teenager, I wrote ____6____, trying to be an author like him.When I ____7____ my first book, I was not sure if I should throw it out to the world or shelter it forever. That’s why I went to grandpa that night, my faithful reader, who once again gave me tremendous ____8____。
“Did you bring the book I heard you talk about it and I can’t wait to see your ____9____.”
“Oh yeah, the book. I completed it yesterday,” I handed him the draft, “but I don’t think it’s that good...”
He turned to a random page and ____10____ more of the pages. “Why do you think this isn’t good It looks fine to me.Very heart-warming.”
“Well, I’m not sure. It could be better than it is now.”
“You can’t expect for the book to be ____11____. Writing is a skill that takes time. You already finished the story, and now you have to ____12____ others what you’ve got.” he passed the book back to me. “If people don’t like it, then write again. Criticism is important, but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are ____13____ with your work.”
“Is that how you became a writer ”
“Yes, and every other writer before me. You have to start from the ____14____ and then reach the top.”
I finally broke out into a smile and he did too. I looked carefully at the book one more time. The pages bound together gave me hope for the future. That settled it. I was going to have to _____15_____ myself and let others see my work. For me and for my grandpa.
6. A. fast B. well C. nonstop D. little
7. A. polished B. finished C. deleted D. published
8. A. tasks B. pressure C. rewards D. inspiration
9. A. progress B. style C. comment D. reaction
10. A. copied B. wrote C. scanned D. edited
11. A. perfect B. unique C. complex D. practical
12. A. send B. show C. teach D. sell
13. A. content B. strict C. patient D. exhausted
14. A. end B. failure C. bottom D. criticism
15. A. give up B. count on C. look after D. get over
【答案】6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
第二部分: 阅读理解(共两节38分)
第一节(共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
To: David Russel＜drusell@mmail.org＞From: Alyssa Meller＜ameller@＞Date: January 12Subject: Meetings
Dear Mr. Russel, Welcome to work here for a few days. I am writing to let you know that Roger Williams, one of our staff members, will pick you up at the airport on Sunday evening. We have a hotel arrangement for you just next to our office building. As a popular writer of children’s literature, you will be giving a presentation in our boardroom. All of us are expecting the new contents in your books, which will surely include your understanding of children’s literature. We hope to learn more from you about how to efficiently organize contents and develop written communication skills. At your request, I was about to arrange several meetings with your coauthors to discuss revisions to your series of children’s stories, which will be an important part during your stay here. Because of the tight schedule, you will probably have some busy days here. But we will try our best to ensure that you can have a high efficiency. All details are provided below. Mon.9:00 am.Presentation on new contents11:00 a.m.Lunch meeting with Thomas Wood (illustrator)Tue.9:30 a.m.Breakfast with Gary Willson (book designer)11:20 a.m.Conference call with Scott West (the CEO of Walter Publishing)2:00 pm.Meeting with Hank Willis about some of the chaptersWed.9:00 a.m.Meeting with Georg Hoffmann to translate some documents into English11:00 a.m.Editing session with Jose Wright
After the final meeting on Wednesday, we will drive you to West Town Station by 4:00 p.m. Your train from the station to the airport will depart at 4:30 p.m. and your flight is scheduled to leave at 6:10 p.m. If there is anything unsuitable for the arrangement, please let me know and we will adjust the schedule as soon as possible. Looking forward to meeting you next week. Alyssa
16. What is the purpose of the email
A. To provide a work schedule.
B. To make a travel arrangement.
C. To propose an adaptation of the storybooks.
D. To inform Mr. Russel of a schedule change.
17. What can we learn about Mr. Russel
A. He is attending a book fair.
B. He is drafting a research proposal.
C. He is advertising children’s storybooks.
D. He is working with others on a project.
18. When is Mr. Russel expected to discuss the contents of his storybooks
A. At 11:00 a.m. on Monday.
B. At 11:20 a.m. on Tuesday.
C. At 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday.
D. At 9:00 a.m. on Wednesday.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
19. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
20. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
21. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
22. What is the basis for John’s work
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
【答案】19. C 20. D 21. B 22. D
C
“Flying insects don’t fly directly to lights from far away because they’re attracted to them, but appear to change course toward a light if they happen to be passing by due to a strange inborn biological response,” writes Samuel Fabian, a bioengineer, in a research paper.
Until now, the leading scientific hypothesis has been that insects use the moon’s light to direct the way at night and mistake artificial lights for the moon. But this idea doesn’t explain why insects that only fly during the day also gather around lights.
To find out what really happens, Samuel’s team track the precise movements of insects in the wild around lights using a high-speed camera. This revealed two notable behaviours. First, when insects fly above lights, they often invert (转向) themselves and try to fly upside down, causing them to fall very fast. Just after insects pass under a light, they start doing a ring road. As their climb angle becomes too steep, they suddenly stop and start to fall. Second, when insects approach a light from the side, they may circle or “orbit” the light.
The videos show that the inversions sometimes result in insects falling on lights. It can appear to the naked eye as though they are flying at the lights. “Instead, insects turn their dorsum toward the light, generating flight perpendicular(垂直) to the source,” the team write. It is common to the two behaviours that the insects are keeping their backs to the light, known as the dorsal light response (DLR). This DLR is a shortcut for insects to work out which way is up and keep their bodies upright, as the moon or sun is usually more or less directly above them, and this direction allows them to maintain proper flight attitude and control. They also find that the insects fly at right angles to a light source, leading to orbiting and unstable flights as the light’s location relative to them changes as they move.
Samuel’s team suggest that a possible outcome of the research could help the construction industry to avoid the types of light that most attract insects.
23. What does the research focus on
A. Why insects gather around lights.
B. Where artificial lights lead insects to.
C. What biological response insects are born with.
D. How to design environment friendly artificial lights.
24. What can we learn about insects from the videos of their movements
A. They fly directly to lights. B. They circle close to lights.
C. Their flying speed is steady. D. Their inversions can be controlled.
25. DLR makes insects ____________.
A. balance their flying B. keep their route straight
C. decide their body positon D. shorten their flight distance
【答案】23. A 24. B 25. C
D
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.
Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science ” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method - develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it - isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults.
A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science - the more people looking at a claim from different angles - is important.
Does this process ever go wrong Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are ”always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
26. What can we learn about the so-called scientific method
A. It’s an easy job to prove its existence. B. It usually agrees with scientists’ ideas.
C. It hardly gets mixed with false theories. D. It constantly changes and progresses.
27. What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released.
28. According to the passage, the author may agree that________.
A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims
B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned
C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny
D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Put Your Faith in Science B. Defend the Truth in Science
C. Apply Your Mind to Science D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science
【答案】26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A
第二节(共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 共 10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Parents and teachers want children to grow up to be happy and successful.
___30___ A wide range of research, however, indicates happiness brings success in adults, and achievements do not always make adults happier.
Recently in new study, John K. Coffey II, assistant professor of psychology at Sewanee, the University of the South, found that happiness during infancy (婴儿期) predicted childhood IQ and adult educational success.
In his 29-year study, Coffey used the Fullerton Longitudinal Study (FLS). In 1978 the FLS research team recruited 130 parents with babies for a study that now has run for more than 30 years. ___31___ When each baby was 18 months old, one parent reported how often his or her baby expressed positive and negative emotions and researchers measured the infant’s IQ. When babies were children (ages 6 to 8), they completed IQ tests. When babies had grown into 29-year-old adults, they reported how many years of education they had completed and their life satisfaction.
As expected, Coffey found that regardless of intelligence during infancy or parents’ wealth, happier babies were more likely to graduate from high school and college. ___32___ It suggests that happier babies learn more between infancy and childhood.
___33___ Parents wishing to help their children enjoy greater happiness can focus on small changes they can make in their day-to-day lives to create more positive moments. Parents do not need to aim for intense experiences or “best day ever” for their children. Although peak experiences can be fun, they also tend to be tiring for both children and their parents, which can lead to anxiety and conflict.
Currently, Coffey and other researchers are exploring when and why some children are happier than others or whether we can increase it. Happiness during infancy and childhood is predicted by relationships with caregivers and teachers or by learning new skills. Inexpensive and easy-to-do activities like practising acts of kindness or appreciation can boost happiness. ___34___
A. We often think that achieving success will ultimately make us happy.
B. We can use these activities to help children grow into happy and successful adults.
C. To test his theory Coffey looked at how intensely children’s emotions are experienced.
D. These happy babies aren’t just growing up to be successful, but they are also happy adults.
E. Further, happier babies had more growth in their IQ scores between infancy and childhood.
F. Another important clarification is that happiness is about how often emotions are experienced.
G. Early on, parents reported on their background, for instance, education level and employment.
【答案】30. A 31. G 32. E 33. F 34. B
第二卷(共三部分, 52 分)
第一部分: 词汇知识(共8小题; 每题1分, 共8分)
根据句意从框词中选择合适的单词, 并使用单词的正确形式完成句子, 每空仅填写一个单词。
secure entertain vary oppose appeal efficient stretch compare
35. The island offers such a wide________ of scenery and wildlife.
36. She gave him a soft________ look that would have melted solid ice.
37. If you like watching plays or films, refer to our local newspaper. Local________ are listed there.
38. He was strongly________ to George’s entry right at the beginning. But finally he agreed.
39. The tallest buildings in London are small in________ with New York’s skyscrapers.
40. In the ruins of war, I saw a slogan, “To those who seek peace and________: We support you”.
41. The abnormal pattern can be________ detected from time series by this algorithm.
42. ________out our arms and legs before doing a vigorous exercise can prevent us from getting injured.
【答案】35. variety
36. appealing
37. entertainments
38. opposed
parison
40. security
41. efficiently
42. Stretching
第二部分: 语法知识(共10小题; 每题1.5分, 共15分)
A
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Digital World is a set of volumes that aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores a wide range of ____43____ (material), explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have ____44____ everyday life. ____45____ the number of possible topics is practically limitless, we have to focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers ____46____ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】43. materials
44. on 45. Because
46. are encouraged
B
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the past few years, researchers at Lund University ____47____ (publish) several papers on dogs’ ability to detect the warmth of a body without touching it. Their results show that, from 5 feet away, dogs can reliably tell the difference between a 4 inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature. The scientists identified a set of nerves in a dog’s nose ____48____ appear to be responsible. The skin on a dog’s nose can absorb the tiny amount of infrared light (红外线) leaking from a warm object, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense the extra energy, ____49____ (signal) to the brain that something warm is nearby.
【答案】47. have published
48. that##which
49. signaling
C
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____50____ (fill) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river ____51____ he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter. As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____52____ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】50 Filled
51. where 52. surrounding
第三部分: 书面表达(共两节, 29分)
第一节 阅读表达(共3小题; 第1-2题每小题2分, 第3题5分, 满分9分)
阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Mobile Translators
Not that long ago, portable (便携的) translation devices were only commonplace in works of science fiction. Travelers who headed to foreign countries took dictionaries or phrasebooks with them. But now people can access instant translation services almost anywhere they go.
Online translations are free, and when you use translation apps like Google Translate or iTranslate, sometimes you don’t even have to look things up! Just point your phone’s camera at some text, and a translation instantly appears. If you want to translate something being said aloud, just turn on your phone’s microphone. Some apps even have a conversation mode where you take turns speaking with someone in a different language.
Translation apps make foreign travel much easier than before. They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don’t speak your language. But these apps are far from perfect. Sometimes a translation makes no sense, and you can only guess what it mainly means. Other times, you might not know that the translation has failed until you try it on a native speaker.
Although these apps are not perfect, you’ll still feel surprised when considering what’s happening underneath the app’s surface. You might not appreciate how advanced modern translation systems are! Translators use machine learning to compare millions of examples of human translated texts. That information helps the program reproduce more natural sounding translations based on real-world examples. People can flag incorrect or unhelpful translations and suggest better ones. This input is then used to make future translations better.
With programs like Google Translate, it can be hard to get good translations for single words because most words have multiple meanings. It’s better to try short sentences that provide context instead. But make the sentence straightforward. Anything too complicated or idiomatic will likely produce unusual results.
As people continue to use translation services, translations will improve. One day you might not have to worry about a poor translation causing an embarrassing misunderstanding. But used wisely, they are still excellent aids for exploring and understanding the world around you.
53. How do the translation apps make foreign travel easier than before
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
54. How can you get the most correct translations when using the mobile translators
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
55. Would you like to use mobile translators in your daily life Why (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】53. They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don’t speak your language.
54. To get the most correct translations with mobile translators, it’s better to use short, straightforward sentences that provide context, rather than single words or complex phrases, as this reduces the chances of producing unusual or unclear results.
55. Yes, I would like to use mobile translators in my daily life because they facilitate communication and help me understand different cultures. They make interactions smoother and enhance my travel experiences while exploring new places.
第二节(满分20分)
56. 假设你是高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim近期将来北京旅游。他打算去一个有特色的公园游玩，发来邮件让你推荐一个。请给他回信，内容包括：
1.公园名称及推荐理由；
2.建议他做哪些准备。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m very glad to hear that you’re planning to visit Beijing in November. As your friend, I’d like to recommend the Summer Palace.
The Summer Palace is one of the most famous imperial gardens in China and a World Heritage Site. It has a long history and beautiful scenery.
When you visit the park, I suggest you start from the East Gate, where you can visit the Marble Boat, the Long Corridor, and the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. Then, you can walk along the lake to the South Lake Island, where you can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the lake and the surrounding mountains.
I hope my recommendations can help you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第一卷(共两部分, 58 分)
第一部分: 知识运用(共两节, 20分)
第一节 语音知识(共 5 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 5分)
选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。
1. A. appropriate B. approve C. prospect D. occupation ________
2 A. crime B. column C. combine D. cease ________
3. A. reliable B. clarify C. internal D. visible ________
4. A. luxury B. structure C. rural D. ultimately ________
5. A. fantasy B. valley C. fashion D. label ________
第二节 完形填空(共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandfather was a writer of many books. As a child and a teenager, I wrote ____6____, trying to be an author like him.When I ____7____ my first book, I was not sure if I should throw it out to the world or shelter it forever. That’s why I went to grandpa that night, my faithful reader, who once again gave me tremendous ____8____。
“Did you bring the book I heard you talk about it and I can’t wait to see your ____9____.”
“Oh yeah, the book. I completed it yesterday,” I handed him the draft, “but I don’t think it’s that good...”
He turned to a random page and ____10____ more of the pages. “Why do you think this isn’t good It looks fine to me.Very heart-warming.”
“Well, I’m not sure. It could be better than it is now.”
“You can’t expect for the book to be ____11____. Writing is a skill that takes time. You already finished the story, and now you have to ____12____ others what you’ve got.” he passed the book back to me. “If people don’t like it, then write again. Criticism is important, but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are ____13____ with your work.”
“Is that how you became a writer ”
“Yes, and every other writer before me. You have to start from the ____14____ and then reach the top.”
I finally broke out into a smile and he did too. I looked carefully at the book one more time. The pages bound together gave me hope for the future. That settled it. I was going to have to _____15_____ myself and let others see my work. For me and for my grandpa.
6. A. fast B. well C. nonstop D. little
7. A. polished B. finished C. deleted D. published
8. A. tasks B. pressure C. rewards D. inspiration
9. A. progress B. style C. comment D. reaction
10. A. copied B. wrote C. scanned D. edited
11. A. perfect B. unique C. complex D. practical
12. A. send B. show C. teach D. sell
13. A. content B. strict C. patient D. exhausted
14 A. end B. failure C. bottom D. criticism
15. A. give up B. count on C. look after D. get over
第二部分: 阅读理解(共两节38分)
第一节(共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
To: David Russel＜drusell@mmail.org＞From: Alyssa Meller＜ameller@＞Date: January 12Subject: Meetings
Dear Mr. Russel, Welcome to work here for a few days. I am writing to let you know that Roger Williams, one of our staff members, will pick you up at the airport on Sunday evening. We have a hotel arrangement for you just next to our office building. As a popular writer of children’s literature, you will be giving a presentation in our boardroom. All of us are expecting the new contents in your books, which will surely include your understanding of children’s literature. We hope to learn more from you about how to efficiently organize contents and develop written communication skills. At your request, I was about to arrange several meetings with your coauthors to discuss revisions to your series of children’s stories, which will be an important part during your stay here. Because of the tight schedule, you will probably have some busy days here. But we will try our best to ensure that you can have a high efficiency. All details are provided below. Mon.9:00 a.m.Presentation on new contents11:00 a.m.Lunch meeting with Thomas Wood (illustrator)Tue.9:30 a.m.Breakfast with Gary Willson (book designer)11:20 a.m.Conference call with Scott West (the CEO of Walter Publishing)2:00 p.m.Meeting with Hank Willis about some of the chaptersWed.9:00 a.m.Meeting with Georg Hoffmann to translate some documents into English11:00 a.m.Editing session with Jose Wright
After the final meeting on Wednesday, we will drive you to West Town Station by 4:00 p.m. Your train from the station to the airport will depart at 4:30 p.m. and your flight is scheduled to leave at 6:10 p.m. If there is anything unsuitable for the arrangement, please let me know and we will adjust the schedule as soon as possible. Looking forward to meeting you next week Alyssa
16. What is the purpose of the email
A. To provide a work schedule.
B. To make a travel arrangement.
C. To propose an adaptation of the storybooks.
D. To inform Mr. Russel of a schedule change.
17. What can we learn about Mr. Russel
A. He is attending a book fair.
B. He is drafting a research proposal.
C He is advertising children’s storybooks.
D. He is working with others on a project.
18. When is Mr. Russel expected to discuss the contents of his storybooks
A. At 11:00 a.m. on Monday.
B. At 11:20 a.m. on Tuesday.
C. At 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday.
D. At 9:00 a.m. on Wednesday.
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
19. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
20. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
21. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
22. What is the basis for John’s work
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
C
“Flying insects don’t fly directly to lights from far away because they’re attracted to them, but appear to change course toward a light if they happen to be passing by due to a strange inborn biological response,” writes Samuel Fabian, a bioengineer, in a research paper.
Until now, the leading scientific hypothesis has been that insects use the moon’s light to direct the way at night and mistake artificial lights for the moon. But this idea doesn’t explain why insects that only fly during the day also gather around lights.
To find out what really happens Samuel’s team track the precise movements of insects in the wild around lights using a high-speed camera. This revealed two notable behaviours. First, when insects fly above lights, they often invert (转向) themselves and try to fly upside down, causing them to fall very fast. Just after insects pass under a light, they start doing a ring road. As their climb angle becomes too steep, they suddenly stop and start to fall. Second, when insects approach a light from the side, they may circle or “orbit” the light.
The videos show that the inversions sometimes result in insects falling on lights. It can appear to the naked eye as though they are flying at the lights. “Instead, insects turn their dorsum toward the light, generating flight perpendicular(垂直) to the source,” the team write. It is common to the two behaviours that the insects are keeping their backs to the light, known as the dorsal light response (DLR). This DLR is a shortcut for insects to work out which way is up and keep their bodies upright, as the moon or sun is usually more or less directly above them, and this direction allows them to maintain proper flight attitude and control. They also find that the insects fly at right angles to a light source, leading to orbiting and unstable flights as the light’s location relative to them changes as they move.
Samuel’s team suggest that a possible outcome of the research could help the construction industry to avoid the types of light that most attract insects.
23. What does the research focus on
A. Why insects gather around lights.
B. Where artificial lights lead insects to.
C. What biological response insects are born with.
D. How to design environment friendly artificial lights.
24. What can we learn about insects from the videos of their movements
A. They fly directly to lights. B. They circle close to lights.
C. Their flying speed is steady. D. Their inversions can be controlled.
25. DLR makes insects ____________.
A. balance their flying B. keep their route straight
C. decide their body positon D. shorten their flight distance
D
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.
Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science ” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method - develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it - isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults.
A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science - the more people looking at a claim from different angles - is important.
Does this process ever go wrong Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are ”always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
26. What can we learn about the so-called scientific method
A. It’s an easy job to prove its existence. B. It usually agrees with scientists’ ideas.
C. It hardly gets mixed with false theories. D. It constantly changes and progresses.
27. What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released.
28. According to the passage, the author may agree that________.
A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims
B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned
C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny
D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Put Your Faith in Science B. Defend the Truth in Science
C. Apply Your Mind to Science D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science
第二节(共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 共 10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Parents and teachers want children to grow up to be happy and successful.
___30___ A wide range of research, however, indicates happiness brings success in adults, and achievements do not always make adults happier.
Recently in new study, John K. Coffey II, assistant professor of psychology at Sewanee, the University of the South, found that happiness during infancy (婴儿期) predicted childhood IQ and adult educational success.
In his 29-year study, Coffey used the Fullerton Longitudinal Study (FLS). In 1978 the FLS research team recruited 130 parents with babies for a study that now has run for more than 30 years. ___31___ When each baby was 18 months old, one parent reported how often his or her baby expressed positive and negative emotions and researchers measured the infant’s IQ. When babies were children (ages 6 to 8), they completed IQ tests. When babies had grown into 29-year-old adults, they reported how many years of education they had completed and their life satisfaction.
As expected, Coffey found that regardless of intelligence during infancy or parents’ wealth, happier babies were more likely to graduate from high school and college. ___32___ It suggests that happier babies learn more between infancy and childhood.
___33___ Parents wishing to help their children enjoy greater happiness can focus on small changes they can make in their day-to-day lives to create more positive moments. Parents do not need to aim for intense experiences or “best day ever” for their children. Although peak experiences can be fun, they also tend to be tiring for both children and their parents, which can lead to anxiety and conflict.
Currently, Coffey and other researchers are exploring when and why some children are happier than others or whether we can increase it. Happiness during infancy and childhood is predicted by relationships with caregivers and teachers or by learning new skills. Inexpensive and easy-to-do activities like practising acts of kindness or appreciation can boost happiness. ___34___
A. We often think that achieving success will ultimately make us happy.
B. We can use these activities to help children grow into happy and successful adults.
C. To test his theory, Coffey looked at how intensely children’s emotions are experienced.
D. These happy babies aren’t just growing up to be successful, but they are also happy adults.
E. Further, happier babies had more growth in their IQ scores between infancy and childhood.
F. Another important clarification is that happiness is about how often emotions are experienced.
G. Early on, parents reported on their background, for instance, education level and employment.
第二卷(共三部分, 52 分)
第一部分: 词汇知识(共8小题; 每题1分, 共8分)
根据句意从框词中选择合适的单词, 并使用单词的正确形式完成句子, 每空仅填写一个单词。
secure entertain vary oppose appeal efficient stretch compare
35. The island offers such a wide________ of scenery and wildlife.
36. She gave him a soft________ look that would have melted solid ice.
37. If you like watching plays or films, refer to our local newspaper. Local________ are listed there.
38. He was strongly________ to George’s entry right at the beginning. But finally he agreed.
39. The tallest buildings in London are small in________ with New York’s skyscrapers.
40. In the ruins of war, I saw a slogan, “To those who seek peace and________: We support you”.
41. The abnormal pattern can be________ detected from time series by this algorithm.
42. ________out our arms and legs before doing a vigorous exercise can prevent us from getting injured.
第二部分: 语法知识(共10小题; 每题1.5分, 共15分)
A
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Digital World is a set of volumes that aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores a wide range of ____43____ (material), explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have ____44____ everyday life. ____45____ the number of possible topics is practically limitless, we have to focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers ____46____ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.
B
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the past few years, researchers at Lund University ____47____ (publish) several papers on dogs’ ability to detect the warmth of a body without touching it. Their results show that, from 5 feet away, dogs can reliably tell the difference between a 4 inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature. The scientists identified a set of nerves in a dog’s nose ____48____ appear to be responsible. The skin on a dog’s nose can absorb the tiny amount of infrared light (红外线) leaking from a warm object, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense the extra energy, ____49____ (signal) to the brain that something warm is nearby.
C
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____50____ (fill) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river ____51____ he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter. As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____52____ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.
第三部分: 书面表达(共两节, 29分)
第一节 阅读表达(共3小题; 第1-2题每小题2分, 第3题5分, 满分9分)
阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Mobile Translators
Not that long ago, portable (便携的) translation devices were only commonplace in works of science fiction. Travelers who headed to foreign countries took dictionaries or phrasebooks with them. But now people can access instant translation services almost anywhere they go.
Online translations are free, and when you use translation apps like Google Translate or iTranslate, sometimes you don’t even have to look things up! Just point your phone’s camera at some text, and a translation instantly appears. If you want to translate something being said aloud, just turn on your phone’s microphone. Some apps even have a conversation mode where you take turns speaking with someone in a different language.
Translation apps make foreign travel much easier than before. They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don’t speak your language. But these apps are far from perfect. Sometimes a translation makes no sense, and you can only guess what it mainly means. Other times, you might not know that the translation has failed until you try it on a native speaker.
Although these apps are not perfect, you’ll still feel surprised when considering what’s happening underneath the app’s surface. You might not appreciate how advanced modern translation systems are! Translators use machine learning to compare millions of examples of human translated texts. That information helps the program reproduce more natural sounding translations based on real-world examples. People can flag incorrect or unhelpful translations and suggest better ones. This input is then used to make future translations better.
With programs like Google Translate, it can be hard to get good translations for single words because most words have multiple meanings. It’s better to try short sentences that provide context instead. But make the sentence straightforward. Anything too complicated or idiomatic will likely produce unusual results.
As people continue to use translation services, translations will improve. One day you might not have to worry about a poor translation causing an embarrassing misunderstanding. But used wisely, they are still excellent aids for exploring and understanding the world around you.
53. How do the translation apps make foreign travel easier than before
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
54. How can you get the most correct translations when using the mobile translators
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
55. Would you like to use mobile translators in your daily life Why (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分20分)
56. 假设你是高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim近期将来北京旅游。他打算去一个有特色的公园游玩，发来邮件让你推荐一个。请给他回信，内容包括：
1.公园名称及推荐理由；
2.建议他做哪些准备。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案版
第一卷(共两部分, 58 分)
第一部分: 知识运用(共两节, 20分)
第一节 语音知识(共 5 小题; 每小题 1 分, 共 5分)
选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不相同的一个单词。
1. A. appropriate B. approve C. prospect D. occupation ________
2. A. crime B. column C. combine D. cease ________
3. A. reliable B. clarify C. internal D. visible ________
4. A. luxury B. structure C. rural D. ultimately ________
5. A. fantasy B. valley C. fashion D. label ________
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D
第二节 完形填空(共 10 小题; 每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandfather was a writer of many books. As a child and a teenager, I wrote ____6____, trying to be an author like him.When I ____7____ my first book, I was not sure if I should throw it out to the world or shelter it forever. That’s why I went to grandpa that night, my faithful reader, who once again gave me tremendous ____8____。
“Did you bring the book I heard you talk about it and I can’t wait to see your ____9____.”
“Oh yeah, the book. I completed it yesterday,” I handed him the draft, “but I don’t think it’s that good...”
He turned to a random page and ____10____ more of the pages. “Why do you think this isn’t good It looks fine to me.Very heart-warming.”
“Well, I’m not sure. It could be better than it is now.”
“You can’t expect for the book to be ____11____. Writing is a skill that takes time. You already finished the story, and now you have to ____12____ others what you’ve got.” he passed the book back to me. “If people don’t like it, then write again. Criticism is important, but you are going to have to keep on writing till you are ____13____ with your work.”
“Is that how you became a writer ”
“Yes, and every other writer before me. You have to start from the ____14____ and then reach the top.”
I finally broke out into a smile and he did too. I looked carefully at the book one more time. The pages bound together gave me hope for the future. That settled it. I was going to have to _____15_____ myself and let others see my work. For me and for my grandpa.
6. A. fast B. well C. nonstop D. little
7. A. polished B. finished C. deleted D. published
8. A. tasks B. pressure C. rewards D. inspiration
9. A. progress B. style C. comment D. reaction
10. A. copied B. wrote C. scanned D. edited
11. A. perfect B. unique C. complex D. practical
12. A. send B. show C. teach D. sell
13. A. content B. strict C. patient D. exhausted
14. A. end B. failure C. bottom D. criticism
15. A. give up B. count on C. look after D. get over
【答案】6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
第二部分: 阅读理解(共两节38分)
第一节(共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
To: David Russel＜drusell@mmail.org＞From: Alyssa Meller＜ameller@＞Date: January 12Subject: Meetings
Dear Mr. Russel, Welcome to work here for a few days. I am writing to let you know that Roger Williams, one of our staff members, will pick you up at the airport on Sunday evening. We have a hotel arrangement for you just next to our office building. As a popular writer of children’s literature, you will be giving a presentation in our boardroom. All of us are expecting the new contents in your books, which will surely include your understanding of children’s literature. We hope to learn more from you about how to efficiently organize contents and develop written communication skills. At your request, I was about to arrange several meetings with your coauthors to discuss revisions to your series of children’s stories, which will be an important part during your stay here. Because of the tight schedule, you will probably have some busy days here. But we will try our best to ensure that you can have a high efficiency. All details are provided below. Mon.9:00 am.Presentation on new contents11:00 a.m.Lunch meeting with Thomas Wood (illustrator)Tue.9:30 a.m.Breakfast with Gary Willson (book designer)11:20 a.m.Conference call with Scott West (the CEO of Walter Publishing)2:00 pm.Meeting with Hank Willis about some of the chaptersWed.9:00 a.m.Meeting with Georg Hoffmann to translate some documents into English11:00 a.m.Editing session with Jose Wright
After the final meeting on Wednesday, we will drive you to West Town Station by 4:00 p.m. Your train from the station to the airport will depart at 4:30 p.m. and your flight is scheduled to leave at 6:10 p.m. If there is anything unsuitable for the arrangement, please let me know and we will adjust the schedule as soon as possible. Looking forward to meeting you next week. Alyssa
16. What is the purpose of the email
A. To provide a work schedule.
B. To make a travel arrangement.
C. To propose an adaptation of the storybooks.
D. To inform Mr. Russel of a schedule change.
17. What can we learn about Mr. Russel
A. He is attending a book fair.
B. He is drafting a research proposal.
C. He is advertising children’s storybooks.
D. He is working with others on a project.
18. When is Mr. Russel expected to discuss the contents of his storybooks
A. At 11:00 a.m. on Monday.
B. At 11:20 a.m. on Tuesday.
C. At 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday.
D. At 9:00 a.m. on Wednesday.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
19. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
20. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
21. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
22. What is the basis for John’s work
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
【答案】19. C 20. D 21. B 22. D
C
“Flying insects don’t fly directly to lights from far away because they’re attracted to them, but appear to change course toward a light if they happen to be passing by due to a strange inborn biological response,” writes Samuel Fabian, a bioengineer, in a research paper.
Until now, the leading scientific hypothesis has been that insects use the moon’s light to direct the way at night and mistake artificial lights for the moon. But this idea doesn’t explain why insects that only fly during the day also gather around lights.
To find out what really happens, Samuel’s team track the precise movements of insects in the wild around lights using a high-speed camera. This revealed two notable behaviours. First, when insects fly above lights, they often invert (转向) themselves and try to fly upside down, causing them to fall very fast. Just after insects pass under a light, they start doing a ring road. As their climb angle becomes too steep, they suddenly stop and start to fall. Second, when insects approach a light from the side, they may circle or “orbit” the light.
The videos show that the inversions sometimes result in insects falling on lights. It can appear to the naked eye as though they are flying at the lights. “Instead, insects turn their dorsum toward the light, generating flight perpendicular(垂直) to the source,” the team write. It is common to the two behaviours that the insects are keeping their backs to the light, known as the dorsal light response (DLR). This DLR is a shortcut for insects to work out which way is up and keep their bodies upright, as the moon or sun is usually more or less directly above them, and this direction allows them to maintain proper flight attitude and control. They also find that the insects fly at right angles to a light source, leading to orbiting and unstable flights as the light’s location relative to them changes as they move.
Samuel’s team suggest that a possible outcome of the research could help the construction industry to avoid the types of light that most attract insects.
23. What does the research focus on
A. Why insects gather around lights.
B. Where artificial lights lead insects to.
C. What biological response insects are born with.
D. How to design environment friendly artificial lights.
24. What can we learn about insects from the videos of their movements
A. They fly directly to lights. B. They circle close to lights.
C. Their flying speed is steady. D. Their inversions can be controlled.
25. DLR makes insects ____________.
A. balance their flying B. keep their route straight
C. decide their body positon D. shorten their flight distance
【答案】23. A 24. B 25. C
D
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by those whose interests and ideologies are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things.
Stressing successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. An alternative answer to the question “Why trust science ” is that scientists use the so-called scientific method. If you’ve got a high school science textbook lying around, you’ll probably find that answer in it. But what is typically thought to be the scientific method - develop a hypothesis (假设), then design an experiment to test it - isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is dynamic: new methods get invented; old ones get abandoned; and sometimes, scientists can be found doing many different things.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the reason for trust in science The answer is how those claims are evaluated. The common element in modern science, regardless of the specific field or the particular methods being used, is the strict scrutiny (审查) of claims. It’s this tough, sustained process that works to make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field who have both the right and the obligation (责任) to find faults.
A key aspect of scientific judgment is that it is done collectively. No claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dozens, if not hundreds, of heads. In areas that have been contested, like climate science and vaccine safety, it’s thousands. This is why we are generally justified in not worrying too much if a single scientist, even a very famous one, disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science - the more people looking at a claim from different angles - is important.
Does this process ever go wrong Of course. Scientists are humans. There is always the possibility of revising a claim on the basis of new evidence. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are ”always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical (矛盾的): that science produces both novelty and stability. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
26. What can we learn about the so-called scientific method
A. It’s an easy job to prove its existence. B. It usually agrees with scientists’ ideas.
C. It hardly gets mixed with false theories. D. It constantly changes and progresses.
27. What does the underlined word “vetted” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Explained. B. Examined. C. Repeated. D. Released.
28. According to the passage, the author may agree that________.
A. it is not persuasive to reject those faulty claims
B. settled science tends to be collectively overturned
C. a leading expert cannot play a decisive role in a scrutiny
D. diversity in knowledge is the common element in science
29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Put Your Faith in Science B. Defend the Truth in Science
C. Apply Your Mind to Science D. Explore A Dynamic Way to Science
【答案】26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A
第二节(共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 共 10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Happier Babies Have an Edge
Parents and teachers want children to grow up to be happy and successful.
___30___ A wide range of research, however, indicates happiness brings success in adults, and achievements do not always make adults happier.
Recently in new study, John K. Coffey II, assistant professor of psychology at Sewanee, the University of the South, found that happiness during infancy (婴儿期) predicted childhood IQ and adult educational success.
In his 29-year study, Coffey used the Fullerton Longitudinal Study (FLS). In 1978 the FLS research team recruited 130 parents with babies for a study that now has run for more than 30 years. ___31___ When each baby was 18 months old, one parent reported how often his or her baby expressed positive and negative emotions and researchers measured the infant’s IQ. When babies were children (ages 6 to 8), they completed IQ tests. When babies had grown into 29-year-old adults, they reported how many years of education they had completed and their life satisfaction.
As expected, Coffey found that regardless of intelligence during infancy or parents’ wealth, happier babies were more likely to graduate from high school and college. ___32___ It suggests that happier babies learn more between infancy and childhood.
___33___ Parents wishing to help their children enjoy greater happiness can focus on small changes they can make in their day-to-day lives to create more positive moments. Parents do not need to aim for intense experiences or “best day ever” for their children. Although peak experiences can be fun, they also tend to be tiring for both children and their parents, which can lead to anxiety and conflict.
Currently, Coffey and other researchers are exploring when and why some children are happier than others or whether we can increase it. Happiness during infancy and childhood is predicted by relationships with caregivers and teachers or by learning new skills. Inexpensive and easy-to-do activities like practising acts of kindness or appreciation can boost happiness. ___34___
A. We often think that achieving success will ultimately make us happy.
B. We can use these activities to help children grow into happy and successful adults.
C. To test his theory Coffey looked at how intensely children’s emotions are experienced.
D. These happy babies aren’t just growing up to be successful, but they are also happy adults.
E. Further, happier babies had more growth in their IQ scores between infancy and childhood.
F. Another important clarification is that happiness is about how often emotions are experienced.
G. Early on, parents reported on their background, for instance, education level and employment.
【答案】30. A 31. G 32. E 33. F 34. B
第二卷(共三部分, 52 分)
第一部分: 词汇知识(共8小题; 每题1分, 共8分)
根据句意从框词中选择合适的单词, 并使用单词的正确形式完成句子, 每空仅填写一个单词。
secure entertain vary oppose appeal efficient stretch compare
35. The island offers such a wide________ of scenery and wildlife.
36. She gave him a soft________ look that would have melted solid ice.
37. If you like watching plays or films, refer to our local newspaper. Local________ are listed there.
38. He was strongly________ to George’s entry right at the beginning. But finally he agreed.
39. The tallest buildings in London are small in________ with New York’s skyscrapers.
40. In the ruins of war, I saw a slogan, “To those who seek peace and________: We support you”.
41. The abnormal pattern can be________ detected from time series by this algorithm.
42. ________out our arms and legs before doing a vigorous exercise can prevent us from getting injured.
【答案】35. variety
36. appealing
37. entertainments
38. opposed
parison
40. security
41. efficiently
42. Stretching
第二部分: 语法知识(共10小题; 每题1.5分, 共15分)
A
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The Digital World is a set of volumes that aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores a wide range of ____43____ (material), explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have ____44____ everyday life. ____45____ the number of possible topics is practically limitless, we have to focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers ____46____ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】43. materials
44. on 45. Because
46. are encouraged
B
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the past few years, researchers at Lund University ____47____ (publish) several papers on dogs’ ability to detect the warmth of a body without touching it. Their results show that, from 5 feet away, dogs can reliably tell the difference between a 4 inch object at body temperature and one at room temperature. The scientists identified a set of nerves in a dog’s nose ____48____ appear to be responsible. The skin on a dog’s nose can absorb the tiny amount of infrared light (红外线) leaking from a warm object, and the nerves inside the skin quickly sense the extra energy, ____49____ (signal) to the brain that something warm is nearby.
【答案】47. have published
48. that##which
49. signaling
C
在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____50____ (fill) with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river ____51____ he could find the legendary artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter. As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____52____ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled by the greatest artist on earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】50 Filled
51. where 52. surrounding
第三部分: 书面表达(共两节, 29分)
第一节 阅读表达(共3小题; 第1-2题每小题2分, 第3题5分, 满分9分)
阅读下面短文和问题，在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Mobile Translators
Not that long ago, portable (便携的) translation devices were only commonplace in works of science fiction. Travelers who headed to foreign countries took dictionaries or phrasebooks with them. But now people can access instant translation services almost anywhere they go.
Online translations are free, and when you use translation apps like Google Translate or iTranslate, sometimes you don’t even have to look things up! Just point your phone’s camera at some text, and a translation instantly appears. If you want to translate something being said aloud, just turn on your phone’s microphone. Some apps even have a conversation mode where you take turns speaking with someone in a different language.
Translation apps make foreign travel much easier than before. They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don’t speak your language. But these apps are far from perfect. Sometimes a translation makes no sense, and you can only guess what it mainly means. Other times, you might not know that the translation has failed until you try it on a native speaker.
Although these apps are not perfect, you’ll still feel surprised when considering what’s happening underneath the app’s surface. You might not appreciate how advanced modern translation systems are! Translators use machine learning to compare millions of examples of human translated texts. That information helps the program reproduce more natural sounding translations based on real-world examples. People can flag incorrect or unhelpful translations and suggest better ones. This input is then used to make future translations better.
With programs like Google Translate, it can be hard to get good translations for single words because most words have multiple meanings. It’s better to try short sentences that provide context instead. But make the sentence straightforward. Anything too complicated or idiomatic will likely produce unusual results.
As people continue to use translation services, translations will improve. One day you might not have to worry about a poor translation causing an embarrassing misunderstanding. But used wisely, they are still excellent aids for exploring and understanding the world around you.
53. How do the translation apps make foreign travel easier than before
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
54. How can you get the most correct translations when using the mobile translators
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
55. Would you like to use mobile translators in your daily life Why (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】53. They are valuable when it comes to communicating with taxi drivers or hotel staff who don’t speak your language.
54. To get the most correct translations with mobile translators, it’s better to use short, straightforward sentences that provide context, rather than single words or complex phrases, as this reduces the chances of producing unusual or unclear results.
55. Yes, I would like to use mobile translators in my daily life because they facilitate communication and help me understand different cultures. They make interactions smoother and enhance my travel experiences while exploring new places.
第二节(满分20分)
56. 假设你是高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim近期将来北京旅游。他打算去一个有特色的公园游玩，发来邮件让你推荐一个。请给他回信，内容包括：
1.公园名称及推荐理由；
2.建议他做哪些准备。
注意: 1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m very glad to hear that you’re planning to visit Beijing in November. As your friend, I’d like to recommend the Summer Palace.
The Summer Palace is one of the most famous imperial gardens in China and a World Heritage Site. It has a long history and beautiful scenery.
When you visit the park, I suggest you start from the East Gate, where you can visit the Marble Boat, the Long Corridor, and the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity. Then, you can walk along the lake to the South Lake Island, where you can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the lake and the surrounding mountains.
I hope my recommendations can help you.
Yours,
Li Hua
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