人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement Reading and Thinking Language points课件（共44张PPT）

(共44张PPT)
1. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。
vital adj. 1) extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or exist
必不可少的; 极其重要的
2) full of energy in a way that is exciting and attractive 充满生机的
e.g. *Regular exercise is vital for your health.
经常锻炼对健康非常重要。
*Rodgers and Hart's music sounds as fresh and vital as the day it was written.
Rodgers与Hart的音乐一如刚写成时那般清新而充满活力。
be vital to/for 对……是至关重要的
be of vital importance 至关重要
It’s vital to do sth. 做某事很重要
It’s vital that … (should) do … ……是十分重要的
play a vital role in 在……中起极其重要的作用
e.g. *This matter is of vital importance to us.
这件事对我们来说至关重要。
*Richardson played a vital role in the team's success.
Richardson对球队的成功起了极重要的作用。
*It is vital that the patient (should) take in enough nutrition every day.
病人每天吸收足够的营养是极其重要的。
【点津】在It is vital that…句型中, that从句常用虚拟语气, 谓语构成：should+动词原形, should可以省略。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) Most importantly, it’s vital that ________________________________ (你要注意餐桌礼仪).
2) Knowing about the history and culture of Tianjin ___________________(至关重要) for me to become a good volunteer.
3) Understanding history is __________(重要的) to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
is of vital importance
you should mind your table manners
vital
sb./ sth. be thought to… 某人/某物被认为……
e.g. A healthy life is usually thought to be related to the open countryside and home-grown food.
健康的生活通常被认为与开阔的乡村和土生土长的食物有关。
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone.
be said to… 据说……
be reported to… 据报道……
be believed to… 据信……
be claimed to… 据声称……
be announced to… 据宣布……
【点拨】
sb. /sth. is thought/said/reported to do/have done…
=It is thought/said/reported that…
动词不定式有时态和语态的变化
e.g. They are said to have saved quantities of natural resources in this way.
=It is said that they have saved quantities of natural resources in this way.
据说他们用这种方法节约了大量的自然资源。
【语境应用】
I. 单句语法填空。
Her discovery is thought _____________ tens of millions of
lives all over the world.
II. 句型转化。
It is thought that the tradition dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
The tradition _________________ back to Ming Dynasty.
to have saved
is thought to date
Ⅲ.翻译句子。
1) 据说他在一家大出版公司当编辑。
He is said to work as an editor in a big publishing company.
2) 据报道，这位建筑师赢得了许多国际奖项。
The architect is reported to have won many international awards.
2. Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦，这位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院（曾更名为北京医学院）。
committed adj. willing to work very hard at something
尽心尽力的，坚定的，坚信的
e.g. a committed scientist 一位坚定的科学家
【语境展示】阅读句子，找出与commit相符合的中文释义。
1) If you commit a crime, you can never escape being punished.
2) The government must commit itself to improving health care.
3) Beginning a career means that one should commit to it a hundred percent.
4) If you want to achieve good grades, you should commit more time to your studies.
a. 犯罪 b. 全身心投入 c. 花（时间或金钱）
d. 承诺，答应
a
d
b
c
commit vt. 1) to say that someone will definitely do something or must do something
承诺，保证(某个人、机构等)
2) to do something wrong or illegal
干(错事，坏事)，犯罪
vi. to promise or give your loyalty
忠于；全心投入(工作、活动等)
commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
e.g. *The murder was committed on New Year’s Eve.
*The president is committed to improving health care.
*Both sides committed themselves to settling the problem peacefully.
*Anna wants to get married, but Bob's not sure he wants to commit.
commitment n. 承担的义务或责任；承诺
e.g. *We’re looking for someone with a real sense of commitment to the job.
*We’ve made a commitment to help them, and we will.
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) When taken to the police station for questioning, the man said, “I have never __________ ________ ________ (犯任何罪).”
2) She has __________ ________ _______ ________ ________ (答应去) the doctor’s at once.
3) They have ________ ________ ___________ (作出承诺) to keep working together to cope with the issue.
committed any crime
committed herself to go / going to
made a commitment
3. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. (翻译)
1967年，中国政府成立了一支科学家团队，旨在发现新型抗疟疾疗法，屠呦呦入选首批研究人员。
objective n. something that you are trying hard to achieve 目标；目的
with the objective (/ aim / purpose / goal) of… 目的是……
在句中作状语
and连接而成的并列复合句。
e.g. *In 1904, he went to Japan and became a medical student, with the objective of improving people's health and saving lives.
1904年，他去了日本，成为一名医科学生，目的是改善人们的健康，挽救生命。
* He tried a second time with the aim of being chosen.
他又试了第二回，希望能被选上。
*He came here with the purpose of carrying out an important task.
他来这里是为了执行一项重要的任务。
objective adj. based on facts, or making a decision that is based on facts rather than on your feelings or beliefs 客观的
e.g. *objective truth/facts 客观事实/事实
* Scientists need to be objective when doing research.
科学家做研究时要客观。
4. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队研读了2000多篇（个）中医药古籍（古方），评估了28万种植物的药学属性。
e.g. You should be able to evaluate your own work.
你应该能够对自己的工作进行评估。
【拓展】evaluation n. 评估，估算
evaluate vt. to judge how good, useful, or successful something is 评价，评估
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) It can be difficult ___________ (evaluate) the effectiveness of different treatments.
2) He does this by ___________ (evaluate) the strength of the evidence for each category.
3) We need to carry out a proper _________ (evaluate) of the new system.
to evaluate
evaluating
evaluation
5. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. (翻译)
之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。
obtain vt. to get something that you want, especially through your own effort, skill, or work
(尤指经努力)获得；赢得
vi. if a situation, system, or rule obtains, it continues to exist (规章、习俗等)存在；流行
e.g. *Further information can be obtained from head office.
详细资料可从总部获取。
* In the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.
第二次试验他们获得了明确的结果。
* These conditions no longer obtain.
这些状况已不复存在。
obtain sth. from... 从……获得……
obtain sth. through... 通过(某种方式或手段)获得
obtainable adj. 可获得的
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) George的父亲好不容易为他弄到了这幅画。
George’s father _______ ________ ________ for him with difficulty.
2) 这样的信息很容易就能从网上获得。
Such information ________ ________ ________ ________ the Internet.
obtained this painting
is easily obtained from
6. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而，屠呦呦并不认输。
acknowledge vt. 1) to accept that something is true
承认（属实）
2) to accept that somebody/something has a particular authority or status
承认（权威、地位）
3) to publicly announce that you are grateful for the help that someone has given you（公开）感谢
e.g. *I acknowledge that her criticism is just.
我承认她的批评是公正的。
*He is widely acknowledged to be the best player in the world.
普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。
*We wish to acknowledge the support of the university.
我们想要感谢那所大学给予的支持。
acknowledge that ...　　　 承认……
acknowledge (doing) sth. 承认(做了)某事
acknowledge sth./sb. to be/as ... 承认某事/某人是……
It is generally acknowledged that ... ……是大家公认的
acknowledge ... as /to be ... 承认某人为……
acknowledgement n. 承认；致谢；答谢
【语境应用】单句填空
1) She acknowledged _________(have) been at fault.
2) He appreciated her _______________ (acknowledge) of his maturity.
having
acknowledgement
翻译句子。
3) 她被公认为是全国最好的艺术家之一。
4) 她是不会承认这台机器有问题的。
She is acknowledged to be / as one of the best artists in the country.
She won’t / will never acknowledge that there is something wrong with the machine.
7. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。
insist vi. & vt. to demand that something should happen
坚持；坚决要求
insist on: to say or show that you believe that something is necessary or very important 坚决要求
e.g. She insisted on being present at all the interviews.
她坚持所有采访自己都要在场。
insist that…坚持让某人做……；坚持认为……
e.g. They insisted that everyone should come to the party.
他们坚持要每个人都参加晚会。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) I insist on your _______ (take) immediate action to put this right.
2) I insisted that a doctor _______________ (send) for immediately.
3) Jane insisted that she _________ (do) nothing wrong.
taking
(should) be sent
had done
8. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.”
获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民。”
【分析】
介词upon+动词-ing形式：构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。upon 一……就……
upon还可换作介词on，表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生。常见于正式文体，译为“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”。
e.g. * Upon receiving a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall, Mr. Green immediately rushed home from his office.
一接到妻子的电话说她摔了一跤，Green先生就立即从办公室赶回家了。
* On arriving at the stadium, the athletes began to work out.
一到体育场，运动员们就开始训练。
* Upon graduating, he joined a small law firm.
一毕业他就加入了一个小型律师事务所。
* Upon finishing it, I was struck by the feeling that it was the best composition I had ever written.
我写完这篇作文时，就感到这是我写过的最好的作文。
【拓展】用作连词表示“一……就……”的名词词组:
the moment
the instant
the minute
the second
+从句
【语境应用】语法填空
1) On/upon _________(arrive) at the airport, we all were welcomed warmly.
2) On __________(enter) the gate, he was stopped by the guard.
arriving
entering
I. 根据下列各句句意以及所给提示写出所缺单词。
1. Much to his surprise, the results of the survey fell into two __________ (有区别的) groups.
2. In each experiment, these birds dropped objects into bottles to o__________ a food reward.
3. Scientists then a__________ the data they collect and compare them with the previous data.
distinct
obtain
analyse
4. While doing the experiment, heat the __________ (液体) in a large, wide container rather than a high narrow one, or it can b__________ over.
5. This study shows that traditional __________ (植物学的) knowledge is still passed on from mouth to mouth between generations in this area.
liquid
boil
botanical
II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. The observations they made in the laboratory of basic research are __________ (apparent) close to the needs of people's everyday life.
2. The three prize-winning scientists __________ (most) worked separately, although they exchanged information about their research.
3. As a retired professor, she is __________ (commit) to climate change solutions and cares about the impact of global warming on human beings.
apparently
mostly
committed
III. 根据括号内的提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. I __________ __________ (坚决要求) speaking to the manager, since you are clearly unable to help me.
2. They got stuck by the fact that __________ __________ __________ (必不可少的一部分) of the information they had was missing.
3. Though they have tried many approaches and failed many times, they refuse to __________ __________ (承认失败).
insist on
a vital
part
acknowledge defeat
4. She has __________ __________ __________ (承诺) continue helping people in need, despite the extremely difficult conditions.
5. A science camp will be held next month __________ __________ __________ __________ (目的是) encouraging more students to throw themselves into scientific research.
committed herself to
with
the objective of
IV. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 她的工作对于这个项目的成功至关重要。(crucial)
2. 很难评估不同治疗方法的效果。(evaluate)
3. 他们正在比较这两种物质的物理特征。(substance, property)
Her work has been crucial to the project’s success.
It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.
They are comparing the physical properties of the two substances.