Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation核心词汇及语法讲解练习（无答案）人教版八年级英语上册

八上Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？
一．单词回顾
1.someone
someone=somebody pron.某人 anyone=anybody pron.任何人，某人 一些有趣的人
每个人 没有人 每个人都坐在这
注：（1）someone一般用于肯定句，anyone一般用于否定句和疑问句，但是在表示请求或者建议的疑问句中，要用some。表请求和建议的句型如下：
①请求类的：may I do sth/would you mind doing sth/ would you please do sth
②表示建议的：would you like to do sth/ what/how about doing sth/ why don’t you do sth/ why not do sth/ shall we do sth
（2）everyone不能与of连用，但every one可与of连用
【即学即练】
1. I’m hungry. I want ______ to eat.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
2. —Do you have ______ to say for yourself
—No, I have ______ to say.
A. something; everything B. nothing; something C. everything; anything D. anything; nothing
3. Why not ask ______ to help you
A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. none
4. Everything ______ ready. We can start now.
A. are B. is C. be D. were
5. There’s ______ with his eyes. He’s OK.
A. anything wrong（错的） B. wrong something C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing
6. __________of the students in our class likes swimming.
A. Everyone B. Every C. Each D. all
Somewhere
somewhere adv.在某个地方 anywhere adv.在任何地方 去某些有趣的地方
【即学即练】
1. Beijing is cold in winter. So I’d like for vacation.
A. to go to somewhere warm B. to go to warm somewhere
C. going to somewhere warm D. to go somewhere warm
2．—Mom, did you see my blue skirt I looked for it everywhere.
—Don’t worry. It must be ________ in your room.
A．nowhere B．somewhere C．anywhere
3. —Where are you going for your holiday
—I’m going ________ because it’s too cold here.
A．everywhere warm B．warm somewhere C．somewhere warm
3.myself
myself pron.我自己 我们自己 他/她/它自己
他们自己 玩的开心，过的愉快 随意吃
【即学即练】
1．Katie and I enjoyed ________ at the school food festival last Saturday.
A．myself B．herself C．yourselves D．ourselves
2．__Mr. Smith isn’t worried about his five-year-old daughter
—Jill can look after ________ very well.
A．himself B．herself C．yourself D．myself
3．—Who teaches ________ French
—Nobody. I teach ________.
A．your; mine B．your; my C．you; myself
4. They had fun at the party last night. (改为同义句)
They ________ ________ at the party last night.
4.wonder
wonder v：想知道；琢磨 adj.精彩的；绝妙的
【即学即练】
I who will come here
A.wonder B.decide C.wait D.choose
2．—He’s slow in studying. I ________ how he could get good results in the exam.
—That’s because he is always hard-working.
A．wonder B．decide C．wish D．know
3．—What will the weather be like in Sihong this weekend
—It will be colder and the temperature will fall ________ zero, to -3℃.
A．under B．over C．below D．above
4.我想知道这里以前生活是什么样子的。(完成译句)
I _____ what life was ______ here in the past.
5．What a (wonder) picture it is!
5.few
few adj:很少；几乎没有，修饰可数名词的复数 一些；几个
a little还可做副词短语，相当于
【即学即练】
1. In 10 years, there will be ________ fresh water because there will be ________ pollution in the sea.
A. more; less B. less; fewer C. fewer; fewer D. fewer; less
2.This problem is too difficult._____ students can work it out（解决）.
A．A few B．Few C．A little D．Little
3．Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have only _______ time left.
A．few B．a few C．little D．a little
4. There is chicken in the fridge. We don’t need shopping.
A. a few; go B. few; to go C. little; go D. a little; to go
5.--I predict there will be water pollution in 20 years if people stop polluting the rivers and seas.
--I agree with you.
A.fewer,less B.more, less C.more, fewer D.less, more
6.most
most adj.&adv.&pron. ①最多(many/much - more- most);②大多数; ③最(修饰动词)
大多数时间 adv
【即学即练】
Most of boys in our class_____basketball very much.
A.likes B. like C. liking D. to like
2．________ (about 85%) students do homework every day.
A．Most B．All C．Some D．No
7.seem
seem v.好像;似乎;看来 = 好像...
【即学即练】
1．The man seems ________ what has happened, but he says nothing.
A．to know B．to like C．to help
2. Jim seemed ________ playing games with his classmates.
A．enjoy B．enjoying C．enjoys D．to enjoy
3.—Long time no see!—Oh，it ________ like years since I last saw you.
A．looks B．seems C．feels D．sounds
4. No one seemed to be bored. （同义句）
no one was bored
5．汤姆好像是一个非常聪明的男孩。
Tom _________ _________ __________a very clever boy.
6. It seemed that the old man had no family. (改为同义句)
The old man ________ ________ have no family.
bore
bore v:厌倦 adj:令人厌倦的 adj:感到厌倦的
【即学即练】
1.The story was very ________，and I felt very ________.
A．boring；bored B．bored；boring C．bored；bored D．boring；boring
2．The Greens arrived ________ New York ________ a sunny day.
A．in；in B．at；in C．at；on D．in；on
3. Although this movie lasted(持续)for nearly 3 hours, we didn't feel__________.
A. bored B. boring C. interesting D. interested
9.diary
diary n.日记 复数 写日记
【即学即练】
1．For more than once, our head teacher asks us to develop the habit of keeping a _________ in English.
A．habit B．diary C．program D．answer
2．Why didn't you buy anything ______
A．to yourself B．for you C．to yours D．for yourself
3. My mother ________ when she was a young girl.
A. keep a diary B. keeps a diary C. kept a diary D. is keeping a diary
4．Our English teacher encourages us to form a habit of keeping (diary) every day.
10.enjoyable
enjoyable adj.有乐趣的；令人愉快的(多修饰物) v：享受；喜欢
喜欢做某事 玩的开心，过的愉快
【即学即练】
1．I enjoy ______ my bike in the mountains. It's not always easy, but interesting.
A．ride B．rode C．to ride D．riding
2．Mrs. Liu is a good teacher. She always uses games to make learning ________.
A．important B．enjoyable C．difficult D．boring
3. My vacation was really （enjoy）,because I met many old friends.
11.activity
activity n.活动 复数 形容词
【即学即练】
1．This club has lots of ________. You can swim，climb or play ball games.
A．activities B．problems C．orders D．messages
2．In order to fight against COVID-19, we canceled many traditional (activity) during the 2020 Spring Festival.
12.decide
decide v.决定 n:决定 决定做某事
【即学即练】
1.The weather was rainy，so they decided ________ to the mountains.
A．not go B．not going C．not to go D．not to going
2. He made a ________ (decide) to climb to the top of the mountain.
3．我们决定去旅馆附近的海滩。
We decided _________ _________to the beach near our hotel.
13.try
try v.&n.尝试；设法；努力 过去式 试一试
尝试做某事 try to do sth
【即学即练】
1. In the end, the police tried ________ the real criminal and put the result in newspapers.
A. found B. finding C. to find out D. finding out
2. They tried their best the game. All of them knew how important the game was!
A. to lose B. didn't lose C. not lose D. not to lose
3．—I tried ________ it out in this way, but I failed (失败)．
—Why not ______ it in some other ways
A．to work; try doing B．to work; try to do
C．working; to try to do D．to working; to try doing
14.feel like
feel like感觉像.../给...的感觉(feel-felt) 想要做某事
【即学即练】
1．—The movie The Wandering Earth is wonderful. Do you feel like ________ it tonight
—I’d love to, but my parents won’t let me ________ out too late.
A．watching; to stay B．to watch; stay C．watching; stay
2. —Would you like shopping with me
—Sorry, I feel like the book at home.
to go; read B. to go; reading C. going; to read D. going; reading
building
building n.[C.]建筑物build v.建造(build-built)builder n.建筑者
【即学即练】
1. The workers tried their best and (build) this tall building very quickly.
2．That white (build) next to my house is a library.
16.trader
trader n.商人trade n./v.贸易 补充：businessman n.生意人
【即学即练】
1．Many Chinese (trader) brought goods (货品) and built houses in Malaysia one hundred years ago.
17.top
top n.顶部; 顶端 at the top of... 在...顶端 (补充：opp. bottom n.底部)
【即学即练】
1在山顶上你能看见整个城市。
You can see the whole city ______ ______ the mountain.
18.difference
difference n.[C.]不同;差别different adj.不同的(be different from...与...不同)differently adv.
补充：be the same as...与...相同 be similar to...与...相似 similarity n.相似之处
【即学即练】
1. —Bob, is your best friend the same as you
—No. His ideas are often different ________ mine. I think he is interesting and we can learn a lot from each other.
A. by B. in C. for D. from
2.I had the same idea ________ him, but what he did was really different ________ what he said.
A. with; from B. as; from C. as; to D. with; to
3. There are many _________(different) between you two.
4．我的雨伞和他的不一样。
My is from his.
19.wait
wait v.等待；等候 wait for sb./sth.等待... can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事
waiter n.(男)服务员waitress n.女服务员 Time waits for no man.时间不等人;时不我待
【即学即练】
1．—This cartoon is very funny.
—Yes. I can’t help ________ when I watch it, and I can’t wait ________ it again.
A．laughing; waiting B．laugh; watching
C．to laugh; to watch D．laughing; to watch
2．—Remember the first time we met, Grace
—Yes, of course. You ________ for a bus at that time（在那时）.
am waiting B．were waiting C．will wait D．Wait
3. —What are you doing, boys
—We are__________
A. waitting for Mr. Li to come B. waitting for Mr. Li come
C. waiting for Mr. Li to come D. waiting Mr. Li to come
20.because
because of + n./pron./n.短语(=as a result of...) because+ 句子 因为...由于...
【即学即练】
1．He was sentenced to death ________ what he had stolen from the bank.
A．that B．since C．because D．because of
2. Last Sunday we didn't go out ________ the rain.
A．because of B．because C．in front of D．before
3. We his house late last night the heavy rain.
A. got to , because B. reached to , because of
C. arrived at, because of D. arrived , because
4. Lucy got very tired because she did the heavy work all by herself. （同义句）
Lucy got very tired the heavy work she did all by herself.
21.enough
enough adj.&adv.足够的(地);充足的(地) enough+n.: enough time足够的时间
adv./adj.+enough (to do sth.) : tall enough He is tall enough to get the book on the shelf(书柜).
【即学即练】
1. —Liangliang is seven years old this year. He’s ________ to go to school.
—But the problem is that his family doesn’t have ________ to send him to school.
A. enough old; enough money B. old enough; enough money
C too young; money enough D. very young; money enough
2．His joke is ________ to make us all ________.
A．enough funny; laugh B．funny enough; laugh C．enough funny; to laugh D．funny enough; to laugh
4. We don’t have __________,so we can't do the work__________.
A. enough time, good enough B. enough time well enough
C. time enough, enough good D. enough time, enough well
5. This show was so wonderful that it won the first price in the competition.
This show was to the first price in the competition.
6. The little girl is so short that she can't reach the book on the desk.(改为同义句)
The little girl isn't to reach the book on the desk.
7. Tina is talented enough ________ (join) the show.
8. The little boy is too young to carry this heavy backpack. (改为同义句)
The little boy is not ________ ________ to carry this heavy backpack.
22.hungry
hungry adj.饥饿的(opp. full adj.饱的)hungry n.饥饿
【即学即练】
1．—Would you like some chicken
—Give me something to drink. I’m not ________.
A．hungry B．excited C．happy
2．Leo was so _______ that he rushed to the kitchen, hoping to find something to eat.
A．thirsty B．hungry C．tired D．sleepy
as
as adv.像...一样；如同 e.g. as good as... 和...一样好
prep.作为；如同 e.g. work as... as a student dress up as...装扮成...
conj. 当...时候=when；如同
23.dislike
dislike v.&n.不喜欢(的事物)；厌恶(的事物) dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事
like v.&n.喜欢(的事物) like to do sth./ like doing sth.喜欢做某事 likes and dislike喜好与厌恶
【即学即练】
1．Bob likes dancing, but he (dislike) running.
二、语法巩固
1.感叹句
①how引导的感叹句
Eg.How clever the boy is! 这个男孩是多么聪明啊！
How hot a day it is! 多么热的一天啊！
How I miss my mother! 我多么想念我的妈妈！
②what引导的感叹句
Eg.What a hot day it is! 多么热的一天啊！
What clever monkeys (they are)! 多聪明的猴子！
What cold weather (it is)! 多么冷的天气！
【练习】
1.—________ hot weather it is! Why not have a cold drink
—Sounds good! Let’s go.
A.What B.What a C.How D.How a
2.________ beautiful the flowers are! We all like them.
A. How B. What C. How a D. What a
3.—All of my classmates have passed the PE test.
—________ exciting the news is!
A.How B.What C.What an D.How an
4. — Look at the photo I took in Dali, Yunnan Province. _____the Dai people were having!
— Wow! They were celebrating the Water Festival.
A. What fun B. How fun C. What a fun D. How a fun
5.— This coat cost me 1000 Yuan.
—Oh, _____ expensive shirt it is!
A．what B．how C．how an D．what an
6. ________ wonderful news report he wrote! Our boss spoke highly of him.
A．what B．what a C．how D．how a
7. — ________ excellent work you have done!
—It’s very kind of you to say so.
A．How B．What an C．How an D．What
二、一般过去式
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
1.一般过去时的构成
类型 句式 构成 示例
be 肯定句 主语+ was / were +其他. Mr.Li was very busy last week.
否定句 主语+ was / were + not +其他. They weren’t at home last night.
疑问句及答语 Was / Were +主语+其他 Yes, 主语+ was / were . No, 主语+ wasn’t / weren’t . —Was Mr.Li very busy last week —Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
实义动词 肯定句 主语+动词过去式（-ed）+其他. He played basketball yesterday.
否定句 主语+ didn’t +动词 原形 +其他. He didn’t play basketball yesterday.
疑问句及答语 Did +主语+动词 原形 +其他 —Did he play basketball yesterday —Yes, he did./No, he didn’t.
简略回答： Yes, 主语+ did . No, 主语+ didn’t .
2.规则动词的过去式
类别 变化规律 示例
一般情况 加___-ed___ help→________ play→________
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词 加___-d____ live→________ hope→________
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母（“辅元辅”） __双写___末尾辅音字母，再加__-ed___ stop→________ plan→________
以辅音字母+-y结尾的动词 变__y__为__i__，再加__-ed__ carry→________ study→________
3.不规则动词的过去式：没有统一的规律，但有一部分动词的过去式有着相同的变化形式：
改变元音字母 become→________ come→________ begin→________ get→________ forget→________ give→________
字母组合ee变化 feel→________ keep→________
部分以ow/aw结尾的变成ew know→________ draw→________
部分以d结尾的词，把d变成t spend→________ lend→________ send→________
词形不变，个别单词的读音发生变化 cut→________ put→________ read/ri:d/→read/red/
4.一般过去时的时间状语
【练习】
一、用所给动词的适当形式填满空白。
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday Yes, he ______.
二、完成句子
1. He put his comic books under the bed.（改为否定句）
He ________ ________ his comic books under the bed.
2. It took her one hour to finish the work. （同义句转换）
She ________ one hour ________ the work.
3. Linda在18岁时实现了她的梦想。（完成译句）
Linda’s dream ________ ________ when she was 18 years old.
4. He read quite a lot of history books in the library. （改为一般疑问句）
________ he ________ quite a lot of history books in the library
5. The firemen ran into the house to save the people inside. （对划线部分提问）
________ did the firemen ________ into the house
6. The guide was worried about my health when we started to climb the mountains.（改为同义句）
The guide ________ ________ my health when we started to climb the mountains.
7. The little girl put her handbag on the sofa. （变否定句）
The little girl ________ ________ her handbag on the sofa.
三、复合不定代词
由some，any，every，no与one，body，thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。复合不定代词如下表所示：
-one -body -thing
some- someone somebody something
any- anyone anybody anything
every- everyone everybody everything
no- no one/none nobody nothing
（1）some构成的复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。当some构成的复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时，表示肯定的意义，主要用于希望得到别人肯定回答的疑问句中，常用于以下句型中：表请求类的：may I do sth/would you mind doing sth/ would you please do sth; 表示建议的：would you like to do sth/ what/how about doing sth/ why don’t you do sth/ why not do sth/ shall we do sth。当any构成的用于肯定句时表示“任何”之意。
e.g.There is somebody who wants to speak to you.
I haven’t seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help.
（anybody作宾语，用于否定句，表示“任何人”）
Does someone here know Lily’s telephone number？
（someone用于疑问句，表明说话者期待着肯定的答复）
（2）由one和body构成的不定代词可以相互换用，只是前者较文雅。
e.g.Someone/Somebody seems to have been here.
Everyone’s /Everybody’s business is no one’s/nobody’s business.
（3）复合不定代词后可加由-’s构成所有格。
e.g.There’s somebody’s bag left in the classroom.
It’s anybody’s plan, not mine.
（4）复合不定代词后常加else表示“另外……的”。
e.g.I cannot finish the work on time. Can someone else come to help me out？
（5）形容词修饰复合不定代词，应将形容词置于复合不定代词后面。
e.g.There’s nothing important in today’s newspaper.
今天报纸上没有什么重要的新闻。
指物的复合不定代词用it代替，指人的复合不定代词用they/them/their/theirs/he/him/his来替代。
Nothing is difficult, is it
Everyone should try their/his best to save the earth.
复合不定代词作主语是单词
Nothing is impossible
Everything goes well
【练习】
It’s my first time to Yunnan, so ________ here is so interesting for me.
A．everything B．nothing C．someone D．no one
2. —I am worried about tomorrow’s Chinese test.
—Don’t worry! If you don’t believe in yourself, ________ will.
A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody
3. I advise（建议） you not to show ________ on the WeChat because it may cause trouble.
A．anything personal（私人的） B．personal anything
C．something personal D．personal something
4. —I didn’t eat ________ this morning. I’m hungry.
—There are ________ cookies in my bag. Would you like ________
A．anything; some; some B．anything; some; any C．something; any; some
5.午饭我们吃了特别的东西。
For lunch we had _______ _____ _ .
课后提升：
完型填空
Once there was a family. There were ____1____ people in the family. Father was a hard-working man. He sold bread for a living. His wife had no job. She looked after their three children. Father spent all his evenings taking classes after work to get a ____2____ job. Father hardly ever ate a meal together with his family. He worked and ___3____ very hard because he wanted to make more money.
When the family said that he was not spending enough time ____4____ them, he said that he was doing all this for them. But he often wanted to spend more time with his family.
The day came when the exam results ___5____. Father passed! Soon he found a good job. His dream came true. Father could now afford his family nice ____6____, fine food and vacation around the world.
However, the family still did not ____7____ Father for most of the week. He still worked very hard. ____8____, when the family said that he was not spending enough time with them, he said that he was doing all this for them.
Father’s hard work paid off（取得成功）, and he bought a beautiful house. On the first evening at ____9____ new home, everyone was so excited. Father told his family that he _____10____ to spend more time with his family. However, Father did not wake up the next day.
1. A. three B. four C. five D. six
2. A. worse B. better C. more D. less
3. A. studied B. exercised C. ran D. fought
4. A. on B. with C. by D. to
5. A. came out B. found out C. ran out D. went out
6. A. houses B. meals C. jobs D. clothes
7. A. care B. see C. ask D. tell
8. A. Again B. Finally C. Then D. Later
9. A. my B. our C. his D. their
10. A. missed B. decided C. worried D. came
二、阅读理解
When was the last time you thought about breathing Most people usually do not. When we are healthy, breathing happens naturally and easily. The human breathing system (系统) works hard and doesn’t have much effect on us. That’s why we don’t feel clearly about this.
Experts say we take about 20, 000 breaths every day, and he notes that our “breathing muscles (肌肉) are working every minute of the day, every day of our lives.” And they mentioned deep breathing is important because it’s good for our health.
When you breathe deeply, the air comes into your nose make your lungs (肺) full. An expert says that deep breathing may slow the heartbeat, lower blood pressure and lower stress. Deep breaths help your body fully exchange incoming oxygen (氧气) with outgoing carbon dioxide (二氧化碳).
A study shows that if you practice deep breathing over and over again, it can help remove dirty air from the lungs. This will increase oxygen levels and get your lungs to return to its job of helping you breathe.
Deep breathing is a good way to reduce stress and relax. Find a place to sit or lie down as you feel stressed. Take a slow, deep breath through your nose. Feel your hand go up. Your stomach (胃) should rise and expand. Now breathe out slowly through your mouth. If you keep doing that 3 to 5 times, you can find it easy to calm down and relax yourselves.
In a word, deep breathing can bring a lot of benefits to people. So, start practicing it as much as possible.
1. The underlined word “effect” in Paragraph 1 means “________” in Chinese.
A. 努力 B. 想法 C. 影响 D. 变化
2. Which of the following shows the correct order of deep breathing
a. take a slow, deep breath b. breathe out slowly c. find a place to sit or lie down d. feel your hand go up
A. acbd B. acdb C. cabd D. cadb
3. We can infer (推断) from the passage that ________.
A. breathing muscles can have a rest sometimes in our body
B. deep breathing is of no use when something terrible happens
C. deep breathing can help to remove some dirty air away from lungs
D. deep breathing can relax ourselves in face of some exams
4. If we put the passage into 3 parts which of the following is the best
(①-Para.(自然段)1; ②=Para.2; 3=Para.3; ④=Pare.4; ⑤=Para.5; ⑥=Para.6)
A. ①; ②③④⑤; ⑥ B. ①②; ③④⑤; ⑥ C. ①②; ③④; ⑤⑥ D. ①; ②③④; ⑤⑥