2025届高考英语二轮复习考点2： 阅读理解 人物类—五年（2020—2024年）高考英语真题专项分类汇编（含解析）

考点2 阅读理解 人物类—五年（2020—2024年）高考英语真题专项分类汇编
一、【2024年新课标Ⅰ卷】
"I am not crazy," says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸) on a rabbit. "I am ahead of my time." If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he'll have the last laugh. He's one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians(兽医) now practicing "holistic" medicine—combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic(按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, "moves more easily and rides more comfortably" after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. "Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well," he says. "I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job."
1.What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him
A. He's odd. B. He's strict. C. He's brave. D. He's rude.
2.Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient.
D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
3.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
4.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber's point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
二、【2020年新高考Ⅰ卷】
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. "Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers," she says. However her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
5.What did Jennifer do after high school
A.She helped her dad with his work. B.She ran the family farm on her own.
C.She supported herself through college. D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
6.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield
A.To take care of her kids easily. B.To learn from the best nurses.
C.To save money for her parents. D.To find a well-paid job there.
7.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal
A.Her health. B.Her time with family.
C.Her reputation. D.Her chance of promotion.
8.What can we learn from Jennifer's story
A.Time is money. B.Love breaks down barriers.
C.Hard work pays off. D.Education is the key to success.
三、【2021年新高考Ⅰ卷】
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot," Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand," Mr Titterton said. "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner," she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn, turn!' Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
9.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
10.Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage
A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.
11.What does Titterton need to practise
A.Counting the pages. B.Recognizing the "nodding".
C.Catching falling objects. D.Performing in his own style.
12.Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worst page turner"
A.He has very poor eyesight. B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music. D.He forgets to do his job.
四、【2021新高考Ⅱ卷】
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution(变革). "We are going to make a change," she said. "I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. "I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by their eyes are shining and their faces light up," she said. "We need artists, more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: "Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. "It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries."
13.What will Zafirakou do with her prize money
A.Make a movie. B.Build new schools.
C.Run a project. D.Help local musicians.
14.What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
A.It is particularly difficult. B.It increases artists' income.
C.It opens children's mind. D.It deserves greater attention.
15.What should be stressed in school education according to Schama
A.Moral principles. B.Interpersonal skills.
C.Creative abilities. D.Positive worldviews.
16.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Bring Artists to Schools B.When Historians Meet Artists
C.Arts Education in Britain D.The World's Best Arts Teacher
五、【2020新高考Ⅰ卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
17.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan
A.His friends' invitation. B.His interest in the country.
C.His love for teaching. D.His desire to regain health.
18.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Developing a serious mental disease. B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
19.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan
A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.
20.What is the purpose of this text
A.To introduce a book. B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer. D.To recommend a travel destination.
六、【2023新课标Ⅰ卷】
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
21.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
22.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
23.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
24.What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"'I am not crazy,' says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture(针灸) on a rabbit. 'I am ahead of my time.' If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods."可知，Farber的一些同事认为他很奇怪。故选A。
2.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients."可知，Farber自己作为病人从针灸治疗中获得了益处，所以决定把这种治疗方法应用到宠物身上。故选C。
3.答案： D
解析：主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要介绍了整体医学的有效性。故选D。
4.答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700."可知，美国整体兽医学会的会员持续增加，证明Farber的观点是对的。故选A。
二、
5.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition可知, 珍妮弗高中毕业后自己打工挣钱交学费, 故选C项。
6.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.可知, 珍妮弗选择这所学校的课程是为了方便在上学的同时照顾自己的孩子, 故选A项。
7.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.可知, 珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标, 牺牲了许多与孩子待在一起的夜晚, 也错过了很多重要的活动, 故选B项。
8.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知, 本文主要讲述了主人公通过自己的努力完成学业, 最终获得成功的故事, 强调了她坚持不懈、努力拼搏的精神, C项(努力终将得到回报)符合文章主旨, 故选C项。
三、
9.答案：A
解析：理解具体信息根据第一段中的"I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance"可知,Robert Titterman识乐谱,这使得他可以做好翻乐谱的工作,故A项正确。
10.答案：C
解析：推断根据第三段中的"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot"和第四段中的"Being a page turner requires plenty of practice"可以推断,Titterman在舞台上的工作要求颇高,故C项正确。
11.答案：B
解析：理解具体信息根据第四段中的"Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of 'nodding' to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner"可知,Titterman需要在领会钢琴师的"点头示意"上多加练习,故B项正确。
12.答案：D
解析：理解具体信息根据最后一段中的"He's absorbed in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn, turn'!"可知,Raspopova 女士的丈夫沉浸在音乐中以至于忘了自己的本职工作,所以Raspopova女士称其为"最糟糕的翻乐谱工作者",故D项正确。
四、
13.答案：C
解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中的"use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools"和第二段中的"I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools"可知,Zafirakou用她的奖金开展了一个把艺术人士引进校园的项目。故C项正确。
14.答案：D
解析：推断。根据第五段尾句可知, Craig-Martin认为,把艺术当作不必要的课程是错误的。也就是说他认为艺术教育应该得到更多的关注。故D项正确。
15.答案：C
解析：理解具体信息。根据第六段中的"The future depends on creativity...for centuries"可知,他认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故C项正确。
16.答案：A
解析：理解文章主旨要义。本文主要讲述一位英国女教师把获得的奖金用于开展把艺术人士引进校园的项目,以推动学校艺术教育发展。故A项正确。
五、
17.答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句中的"still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan"可知,出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣,他回到了这里,故B项符合题意。
18.答案：D
解析：考查代词指代。根据第一段第三句中的"still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea"可知,Tom回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的本来是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。画线词"that"指代上文中提到的"写文章"这件事。
19.答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据文章第三段尤其是第一句中的"made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society"可知,Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦的旅行充满了变故。eventful意为"充满大事的,多变故的",符合文意。A项在文中没有体现,C项与D项表述片面,故选B。
20.答案：A
解析：考查写作意图。文章开头引出Tom Bissell写书的背景,从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价,即全文围绕着这本书展开,目的就是向读者推荐这本书,所以选A项。
六、
21.答案：C
解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中的"observing how nature solved problems"和"When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making"和第二段中的"John went back to observing nature and asking questions"以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出,John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人,故C项正确。long to do sth."渴望做某事"。A选项的意思是"他喜欢旅行",短文未提及,第一段只提到他小时候喜欢探察他家附近的树林;B选项的意思是"他喜欢独自待着",短文也未提及;D选项的意思是"他渴望成为医生",虽然第二段提及John在大学期间学习过医学方面的课程,但未提供足够信息让我们能够断定他渴望成为医生。因此A、B和D选项都不正确。
22.答案：D
解析：推断。根据第三段中的"The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥)...placed them in the tanks"可知,John修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质,为此,他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的"all that was left was pure water"表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断,John在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果,故D项正确。虽然A和B选项的相关内容都在第三段有所提及,但它们只是生态机工作过程中会涉及的环节,不是放入污泥的目的,放入污泥不是"为了给动物喂食"或"为了建立一个生态系统",故两个选项都不正确。C选项的意思是"为了保护植物",短文未提及相关信息,所以不正确。
23.答案：B
解析：推断。上文讲到了John的发明成功了,根据第五段的中心句"Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs"可知,多年来,John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用,故B项正确。A"为了回顾John的研究计划";B"为了展示John的理念的实际应用";C"为了比较John的不同工作";D"为了消除对John的发明的怀疑"。
24.答案：A
解析：推断。本文主要围绕John的疑问"A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived...if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making"展开,即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后,往往会变得清澈,这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢 正是在这个疑问的指引下,John 发明了"生态设计",因此,John 发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力,且最后一段中的"Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair"也印证了John的工作依据就在于"自我修复"这一理念,故A项正确。B选项(有机物需要水才能生存)、C选项(地球上的生命具有多样性)和D选项(大部分微小生物的生活方式是群居)从常识判断是正确的陈述,但都不是John 工作的基础,故皆不正确。