Unit 1 What's the matter Period 5 Section B 2a-2e课件(共89张PPT)人教版英语八年级下册

(共89张PPT)
Period 5 Section B (2a-2e)
Unit 1 What’s the matter
2a Accidents or problems can sometimes happen when we do sports. Write the letter of each sport next to each accident or problem that can happen.
A=soccer B=mountain climbing C=swimming
_______ fall down
_______ have problems breathing/'bri /
_______ get hit by a ball
_______ get sunburned/'s nb (r)nd/
_______ cut ourselves/a (r)‘selvz/ ①
_______ hurt our back or arm
A/B
B/C
A
A/B/C
B
A/B
have problems (in) doing sth.
= have trouble/ difficulty
(in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
2b Read the passage and underline the words you don’t know. Then look up the words in a dictionary and write down their meanings.
Finding the Order of Events
Writers describe events in a certain order. Finding the order of the events will help you understand what you are reading.
体裁：记叙文
标题：直言式标题——直接切入文章主题
He Lost His Arm But Is Still Climbing
Aron/'er n/ Ralston/'r lst n/ is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.②As a mountain climber/'kla m (r)/, Aron is used to taking risks/r sks/. ③ This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents/' ks d nts/. ④ On April 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation/s t u'e n/ when climbing in Utah/'ju tɑ /. ⑤
前用不定冠词时应用an
宾语
宾语补足语
On that day, Aron’s arm was caught under a 360- kilo/'ki l / rock/r k/, /rɑ k/ that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains. Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him. ⑥ But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. ⑦ He was not ready to die that day. So he used his knife/na f/ to cut off half his right arm. ⑧
be ready to do sth.
准备好做某事；乐意做某事
Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood/bl d/. ⑨ After that, he climbed down the mountain to find help.
After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. This means /mi nz/ being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. ⑩ In this book, Aron tells of the importance/ m'p (r)tns/ of making good decisions/d 's nz/, and of being in control /k n'tr l/ of one’s life.
过去分词短语作后置定语
tell of 谈及；描述
His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.
Do we have the same spirit/'sp r t/ as Aron Let’s think about it before we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard place”, and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death/deθ/.
对……的喜爱
写作方法:
文章以爬山为主线，按事件的发展顺序来写作。开头先引出人物，然后细致描述Aron登山、遇险、等待、断臂自救和写书励志的过程，最后结合事件启发我们做出正确选择的重要性。
文章结构：
Climbing
mountains
（线索）
人物简介
P1
登山
P1
遇险
P2
等待
P2
断臂自救
P2
写书励志
P3
启发
P4
以事件的发展为顺序
Words Meanings
2c Read the statements and circle True, False or Don’t Know.
1. Aron almost lost his life three times because of climbing accidents.
2. Aron had a serious accident in April 2003.
3. Aron ran out of water after three days.
TRUE FALSE
DON’T KNOW
TRUE FALSE
DON’T KNOW
TRUE FALSE
DON’T KNOW
4. Aron wrote his book before his serious accident.
5. Aron still goes mountain climbing.
TRUE FALSE
DON’T KNOW
TRUE FALSE
DON’T KNOW
2d Read the passage again and answer the questions.
1. Where did the accident happen on April 26, 2003
2. Why couldn’t Aron move
In Utah.
Because a 360-kilo rock fell on him.
3. How did Aron free himself
4. What did Aron do after the accident
5. What does “between a rock and a hard place” mean
He used his knife to cut off half his right arm.
He wrote a book about it.
It means being in a difficult situation that you
cannot seem to get out of.
2e Put the sentences in the correct order. Then use them to tell Aron’s story to your partner. Try to add other details from the reading.
______ On April 26, 2003, he had a serious mountain climbing accident.
______ Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
______ Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.
______ He wrote a book about his experience.
______ Aron lost half his right arm from the 2003 accident.
1
2
3
4
5
1 cut ourselves
ourselves / a (r)'selvz/ pron. 我们自己
ourselves 常位于动词或介词之后作宾语，也可以作主语或宾语的同位语。
We enjoyed ourselves a lot in Beijing last month.
上个月我们在北京玩得很开心。（作动词的宾语）
We should learn to deal with the problems by ourselves.
我们应该学会自己处理问题。（作介词的宾语）
敲黑板 详细讲解见本单元语法部分。
We ourselves will do the work.
我们将亲自做这项工作。（作主语的同位语）
I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play this music.
我希望我可以听贝多芬亲自弹这曲子。（作宾语的同位语）
ourselves 的相关词：
our 我们的（形容词性物主代词）
ours 我们的（名词性物主代词）
we 我们（主格） us 我们（宾格）
考题1: In our opinion, protecting animals is protecting _________（我们自己）.
ourselves
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2 Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in
mountain climbing.
be interested in 对……感兴趣
后面可以接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。be 也可以换成动词become。
In the future, more people might be interested in space travel.在未来，更多的人可能会对太空旅行感兴趣。
I’m interested in the interesting things.
我对那些有趣的事情感兴趣。
I tried to tell him about it, but he wasn’t interested.
我试过把这件事告诉他，可他不感兴趣。
辨析：interested 与interesting
interested 常作表语，用来说明人的“感受”。
Interesting 可作定语或表语用来修饰或说明“事物”。
敲黑板 interested
一般不作定语。
考题2: [福建] —How do you like my poem Moonlight
—I ______ it. It’s about the beauty of nature.
A. am interested in
B. am worried about
C. am thankful for
A
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对……感兴趣
担心……
对……表示感激
3 As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.
(1)(重点)be used to 习惯于……；适应于……
辨析：be / get used to 与used to
be /get used to “习惯于……”，to 是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。be 强调状态，get 强调动作。
used to “过去常常……”，to 是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。
The old man is used to living alone. 这个老人习惯于独自生活。
I used to go to school by bike. 我过去常常骑自行车去上学。
小贴士
be used to do sth. =be used for doing sth.
意为“被用来做某事”，这是被动语态。
e.g. Knives are used to cut things. = Knives are used for cutting things. 刀子被用于切东西。
考题3: [岳阳] My grandfather used to ______ TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to ______ out for a walk.
A. watch; go B. watch; going C. watching; go
B
【点拨】used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth. 表示“习惯做某事”。根据题干可知，第一空表示“过去常常”，第二空表示现在的习惯。
(2) risk /r sk/ n.& v. 危险；风险；冒险
①risk 常作可数名词。take risks (take a risk) 意为“冒险”。
You are taking a big risk driving so fast.
你开车如此快是在冒很大的危险。
Using a mobile phone while driving puts other people’s lives at risk. 开车时用手机会把别人的生命置于危险的境地。
risk 作名词时的其他常见用法：
① at risk 处于危险中
② at the risk of... 冒着……的危险
②risk 还可作及物动词，意为“冒……的风险；冒险做”。后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式。
Don’t risk your health. 不要拿你的健康冒险。
They risked losing their jobs. 他们冒着失去工作的风险。
He risked his life to save the child.
他冒着生命危险去救那个小孩。
risk 作动词时的常见用法：
① risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
② risk one’s life to do sth.
冒着某人的生命危险做某事
考题4: Unhealthy eating habits can increase the _______ of terrible illness.
A. cause B. balance C. risk D. effect
C
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【点拨】用词义辨析法。cause 原因；balance 平衡；risk 风险；effect 影响。根据句意可知，不健康的饮食习惯会增加患严重疾病的风险。
4 There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
because of 因为；由于
We had to give up our plan because of the heavy snow.
由于大雪我们不得不放弃我们的计划。
I prefer riding a bike to driving a car to work because it is more environmentally friendly.
比起开车，我更喜欢骑自行车上班，因为它更环保。
拓展：because 和because of 的句型转换：
He didn’t come to school today because he was ill. = He didn’t come to school today because of his illness.
今天他没有来上学，因为他病了。
辨析：because of 与because
because of 后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式。
because 连词，后面只能接句子，表明直接、明确的原因。
考题5: Danny was late for school because the traffic is too heavy.
（改为同义句）
Danny was late for school ________ ________ the heavy traffic.
because of
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5 On April 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.
(高频) dangerous /'de nd r s/ adj. 有危险的
dangerous 既可作定语也可作表语，其比较级借助more，最高级借助most。
Tigers and lions are dangerous animals. 老虎和狮子是危险动物。
It’s more dangerous to swim in deep water.
在深水中游泳更危险。
作定语
作表语
拓展：dangerous 的名词形式为danger。in danger 意为“处于危险之中”。
We must save the animals in danger.
我们必须拯救处于危险中的动物。
dangerous 的常见用法：
① be dangerous for/to sb. 对某人是危险的
② It is dangerous (for sb.) to do sth.
（某人）做某事是危险的。
谚语记单词
① A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
浅学误人。
② Dumb dogs are dangerous.
哑犬最可怕。
考题6: [宜宾] It can be ___________（危险的）for the people to give food to wild animals.
dangerous
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6 Because he could not free his arm...
free /fri / v. 使摆脱；解放；释放
It will free us from a lot of debt.
它将使我们摆脱一大笔债务。
He is trying to free himself from his recording contract.
他正试图从他的唱片合约中脱身。
拓展：free 还可作形容词，意为“免费的；自由的；空闲的”。feel free to do sth.“随便做某事”。
People celebrate the International Museum Day by holding fun, special and free activities. 人们通过举办有趣、特别和免费的活动来庆祝国际博物馆日。
She spent her free time shopping. 她空闲的时候就去购物。
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me.
如果你有问题，请随意向我提问。
谚语记单词
Only educated people are free. 只有受过教育的人才是自由的。
图解助记
free 的一词多义：
考题7: One word ___________（使摆脱；解放）us from all the weight and pain of life—that word is love.
frees
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7 But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
(1) run out 用尽；耗尽
辨析：run out 与run out of
run out 不及物动词短语，主语常常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词。
run out of 后接宾语，其主语通常是人。
敲黑板
“动词+副词”结构的短语。
Please hurry up. Our time will run out. = Please hurry up. We will run out of our time. 请快点。我们的时间要用尽了。
In the end, I ran out of my money. 最后，我花光了我的钱。
One of my jobs was to hand out the prizes.
我的职责之一是分发奖品。
由“动词+out”构成的短语还有：
① hand out 分发 ② give out 散发；分发
③ break out 爆发 ④ bring out 使显现
⑤ come out 出版；出来 ⑥ look out 当心
⑦ blow out 熄灭 ⑧ find out 查出；查明
⑨ put out 扑灭 ⑩ cut out 切断；删掉
考题8: The wind energy costs very little and will never _______. Besides, it produces little pollution.
A. blow out B. run out C. put out D. break out
B
(2)(高频)动词不定式短语作目的状语
We study hard to get good grades.
我们努力学习是为了取得好成绩。
To live a better life, all of us should protect the earth.
为了过更好的生活，我们所有人都应该保护地球。
动词不定式短语常作目的状语，可以位于句首，也可以位于句末。放于句首时，其后要加“，”。
考题9: ________ teenagers’ eyesight, experts advise them to stay away from electronic products.
A．Protect B．To protect C．Protecting
B
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【点拨】用结构分析法。分析句子可知，专家建议青少年远离电子产品的目的是保护他们的视力，此处是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
8 So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.
(1) knife /na f/ n. 刀
The same knife cuts bread and fingers.
水能载舟，亦能覆舟。（谚）
The waiter put a fork and two knives on the dinner table.
服务员把一个叉子和两把刀放在了餐桌上。
knife 的复数形式为knives。
考题10: When you make a banana milk shake, you can use a k to cut up the bananas.
nife
速记小法
以-f(e) 结尾，复数形式为以-ves 结尾的词：
树叶(leaf) 半数(half) 自己(self) 黄；
妻子(wife) 拿刀(knife) 去割粮。
架(shelf) 后窜出一只狼(wolf)；
吓得小偷(thief) 逃命(life) 忙。
(2) cut off 切除
cut off 为“动词+ 副词”结构的动词短语，后接名词时，名词放在中间或后面均可；后接代词作宾语时，代词要放在中间。
The doctor had to cut off his left leg to save his life. = The doctor had to cut his left leg off to save his life.
医生不得不切除了他的左腿来救他的命。
His finger was badly hurt. The doctor had to cut it off.
他的手指伤得厉害。医生不得不把它切掉了。
They never cut up the noodles because the long noodles are a symbol of long life.
他们从不切断面条，因为长长的面条是长寿的象征。
cut 的其他常见短语：
cut up 切碎
cut in 插嘴
cut down 砍倒；减少
cut out 删除
cut in line 插队
考题11: If you find something on fire in the room, you should _______ the electricity and leave the house at once.
A．cut down B．cut off
C．turn down D．turn on
B
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【点拨】用短语辨析法。cut down 砍倒；cut off 切除；turn down 调小；turn on 打开。根据句意可知，着火时，应该切除电源。
9 Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.
so that 以便；为了
so that 后接目的状语从句，从句中常加can，could，may，might 等词。so that 相当于in order that。
He plays sports every day so that he can keep healthy. = He plays sports every day in order that he can keep healthy.
他每天做运动以便能保持健康。
谚语
Reading is to the mind, while exercise is to the body. 读书健脑，运动强身。
拓展：so... that... 意为“如此……以至于……”，so 后接形容词或副词，that 后接句子。
He works so hard that he always wins the first place.
他工作如此努力，他总是赢得第一。
敲黑板
详细讲解见Unit 6语法部分。
口诀速记
so that 与so...that... 的用法口诀：
结果状语so...that...，主从停顿分两排。
目的状语so that，从句之中有情态。
主从之间没逗号，一气呵成连起来。
考题12: Let’s take the simple steps today ________ we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow.
A. unless B. until C. so that D. though
C
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【点拨】用词汇运用法。unless 除非；until 直到；so that 以便；though 尽管。分析句子可知，我们现在采取行动的目的是为了我们的后代，故用so that 引导目的状语从句。
10 This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.
(1) mean /mi n/ v. 意思是；打算；意欲
What does the word mean 这个单词的意思是什么？
The flashing light means that you must stop.
闪烁的灯光表示你必须停下。
Balance doesn’t mean doing everything.
平衡并不意味着做所有事情。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我没有打算伤害你。
mean 的用法总结：
① “意思是；意为”，后跟名词或that 从句。
② “ 意味着” → mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
③ “打算；意欲”→ mean to do sth. 打算做某事
拓展：(1) mean 还可作形容词，意为“吝啬的；刻薄”。be mean to sb. 意为“对某人刻薄”。
He is not so generous. He is a mean man.
他没有那么慷慨。他是个吝啬的人。
Don’t be so mean to others!
别对别人那么刻薄！
(2) mean 的名词形式为meaning，意为“意思”。
What’s the meaning of the sentence
= What does the sentence mean
这个句子的意思是什么？
What’s the meaning of... =What do/does... mean ……的意思是什么？
考题13: [成都改编] His works tell us what it ____________（mean）to be human.
means
【点拨】根据“what it...to be human”以及所给词，可知是指作为人类意味着什么。mean“意味着”，时态为一般现在时，主语是it，动词用三单形式。
(2) get out of 离开；从……出来
The meeting went on late and he wanted to get out of it soon. 会议开得太晚了, 他想早点离开。
He helped the little boy get out of the house.
他帮助小男孩从房子里出来。
A
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【点拨】用常识法。根据“get out of the movie theater”可知，要走出电影院应该从“出口”出去，选项A 为出口标志。
考题14: Which sign can lead you to get out of the movie theater
( )
A. B. C.
11 In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life.
(1) importance / m'p (r)tns/ n. 重要性；重要
During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an attained its great importance. 在唐朝时，西安获得了极大的重要性。
Students should realize the importance of time.
学生们应该意识到时间的重要性。
Which is more important, money or life
钱和生命哪一个更重要？
importance 为不可数名词，其对应的形容词为important。
the importance of... 意为“……的重要性”。
考题15: World Health Day is used to highlight（强调）the ____________ (important) of personal health.
importance
(2) decision /d 's n/ n. 决定；抉择
Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions.
青少年应该被允许自己做决定。
We made a decision to give away all the money to the old people’s home. 我们决定把所有的钱捐赠给老年人之家。
He decided to tell his parents the truth. = He made a decision to tell his parents the truth. 他决定告诉他的父母真相。
敲黑板
decision为可数名词。
decision 对应的动词为decide，decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”，相当于make a decision to do sth.。
decision 的相关搭配有：
① make decisions / make a decision 做决定
② make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事
③ make one’s（own）decision 做某人（自己）的决定
考题16: 无论你做什么事，应该学会自己做决定。
No matter what you do, you should learn to ________ ________ ________ __________.
make
your own decision(s)
(3)control /k n'tr l/ n.& v. 限制；约束；管理
We must learn to be in control of ourselves.
我们必须学会管理我们自己。
Don’t worry. We have everything under control.
别担心。一切都在我们的控制之下。
Prices are increasing and out of control.
物价飞涨，失去控制。
The machine worked by itself under the control of the computer.
那台机器在电脑的控制下自行运转。
The firemen had controled the big fire.
消防队员们已经控制住这场大火了。
作及物动词
control 的常见搭配：
① be in control of 掌管；管理
② under control 控制之中
③ out of control 失控
④ under the control of... 在……的控制之下
考题17: My best friend May always exercises more to bring her weight under ___________（控制）.
control
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12 His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.
keep on doing sth. 继续做某事；坚持做某事
辨析：keep on doing sth. 与keep doing sth.
keep on doing sth. “继续做某事”。表示有间断，该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中。
keep doing sth. “一直做某事”。表示没有间断一直做，该动作一直不停地在进行。
谚语记单词
Keep on learning as long as you live.
活到老，学到老。
Keep on reading every day. And you will get more knowledge.
坚持每天读书。你会获得更多的知识。
He kept coughing all the morning. 他整个上午一直咳嗽。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting. 我很抱歉让你久等了。
Don’t let fear keep you from doing the things you love.
不要让恐惧阻止你去做你喜欢的事情。
What can we do to keep fit
我们能做些什么来保持健康呢？
keep 的其他常见用法：
① keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
② keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
③ keep sb. / sth.+ adj.
使某人/ 某物保持…… 状态
考题18: Please don’t keep on ___________ (make) the same mistakes in grammar.
making
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13 ... and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.
death /deθ/ n. 死；死亡
His grandfather’s death made him very sad.
他爷爷的去世令他很伤心。
拓展：death 的相关词：
die v. 死，为非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
dead adj. 死的，作定语或表语，表示状态。
dying adj. 垂死的，常作定语。
一语辨异:
Tom’s father has been dead for five days. He died from a car accident. His death made his family so sad that Tom couldn’t help thinking of his father’s dying look. 他的父亲去世五天了。他死于一场车祸。他的去世让他的家人非常伤心，汤姆禁不住想起他父亲临终时的样子。
考题19: [上海市进才中学期中] His father’s _________ (die) had a deep influence on him and changed him greatly.
death
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14 Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
mind /ma nd/ v. 介意；在乎
I don’t mind living here. 我不介意住在这儿。
拓展：(1)mind 作动词时，常用句型有：
mind doing sth.
“介意做某事”
mind
Would you mind （sb./ sb.’s ） doing sth.
你介意（某人）做某事吗？
Would you mind if + 从句
你介意……吗？
—Would you mind my sitting here 你介意我坐在这儿吗？
—I’m afraid you can’t. 恐怕你不能坐在这儿。
—Would you mind if I open the window 你介意我打开窗户吗？
—Of course not. 当然不。
回答这两个句型时，表示“不介意”使用Not at all./
Certainly not. / Of course not. 等；表示“介意”使用I’m sorry, but... / Sorry, you’d better not. /I’m afraid you can’t. 等。
(2)mind 还可作名词，意为“思想；想法；智力”。
Stop arguing with me. I won’t change my mind.
别和我争论了。我不会改变我的想法。
I make up my mind to study hard and get good grades in the next exam. 我下定决心好好学习，在下次考试中取得好成绩。
mind 作名词时的常用搭配有：
① change one’s mind 改变某人的想法
② make up one’s mind to do sth.下定决心做某事
考题20: —Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Would you mind ______ your radio
—Sorry. I’ll do it at once.
A. turning down B. turn down C. turning up D. turn up
A
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【点拨】用短语辨析法及排除法。turn down 调低（音量）；turn up 调高（音量）。根据 “my kid is sleeping”可知要调低音量，排除C、D；mind doing sth. 表示“介意做某事”。
15 Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.
give up 放弃
give up 为“动词+ 副词”结构的短语，代词作宾语时要放在give 和 up 中间。give up doing sth. 意为“放弃做某事”。
English is very important, so you can’t give it up.
英语很重要，因此你不能放弃它。
He had to give up going abroad. 他不得不放弃去国外。
由give 构成的短语还有：
① give out 分发 ② give in 屈服
③ give away 赠送；泄露 ④ give back 归还
⑤ give off 散发出
We should never give in to our enemies.
我们决不应该屈服于我们的敌人。
考题21: —I didn’t pass the exam again. What should I do
—Don’t ________. You’ll succeed sooner or later.
A．give up B．give back C．give away
A
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