2025人教版高中英语必修第三册强化练习题--UNIT 4　Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025人教版高中英语必修第三册
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 1　Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.This spacecraft is able to accommodate three　　　　(宇航员).
2.The earth is nothing but a very small planet in the endless 　　　　(宇宙).
3.As we all know, the earth takes a year to 　　　　(环绕……运行) the sun.
4.(2021天津3月)The 　　　　(程序) appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January.
5.(2024山东菏泽月考)In 1957, the Soviet Union 　　　　(发射) the first s　　　　, named Sputnik 1, into space.
6. Heading to the 　　　　(车辆), we began to see that a woman was trying to escape from the broken window.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.A child's 　　　　　(intelligent) develops rapidly between the ages of zero and three.
2.Parents' natural desire to protect their children should be counterbalanced by the child's need for 　　　　　(independent).
3.(2024河北沧州泊头一中月考)If we are able to make exercise our life habit, we will surely benefit from it both physically and 　　　　　(mental).
4.After failing the examination, he naturally felt　　　　　(disappoint) and frustrated, but he didn't lose heart. He determined 　　　　　(work) hard and catch up with others.
5.The chairman 　　　　　(signal) the staff to leave the meeting room from this exit just now.
Ⅲ.选词填空
on board; carry on; in the hope of
　　Lily had some difficulties in her life. Her mother suggested that she should travel to someplace to relax herself. Therefore, Lily decided to take a train to Kunming 1.　　　　　　 finding answers. The people 2.　　　　　　 were very friendly. Lily met a wise old man. He told her that when she had difficulties in her life, she should remember to keep calm and 3.　　　　　　 trying, and she would succeed in the end.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.“对不起,”露西道歉说,她的眼睛避开了周围那些人失望的目光。
“Sorry,” apologized Lucy, her eyes avoiding 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 of those around her.
2.(2024新课标Ⅰ写作)公园里宁静和谐的生活给我留下了深刻的印象,我决心用绘画来捕捉这种喜悦。(capture)
Deeply impressed by the peaceful and harmonious life in the park, I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 this joy through painting.
3.我渴望成为下周一举行的会议的志愿者。(一句多译)
①I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a volunteer for the meeting to be held next Monday.(desire v.)
②I 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 a volunteer for the meeting to be held next Monday.(desire n.)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
When looking up at the stars, people have always wondered about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was 　1　 impossible dream. However, with the help of scientists, people succeeded in 　2　(realize) their dream to explore space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 　3　(launch) by the USSR. While scientists try to make sure nothing 　4　(go) wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters brought much sadness and 　5　(disappoint), 　6　 people still believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration. Although China's space programme started later 　7　 those of Russia and the US, it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country to 　8　(independent) send humans into space in 2003, 　9　 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope to make more discoveries that will enable us 　10　(survive) well into the future.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023山西太原晋源区月考)
Liu Yang is a Chinese pilot and astronaut. She graduated 　1　 Air Force Aviation College of Changchun. After two years of astronaut training, Liu 　2　(be) excellent in testing. Liu was selected for the crew(乘组) of Shenzhou-9, the first manned mission to China's space station Tiangong-1. Liu became the first Chinese woman astronaut 　3　(go) into space. The mission was launched on June 16, 2012. During this manned space mission, Liu did some 　4　(experiment) in space.
Wang Yaping became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space mission in 2013. And more 　5　(important), she was famous as China's first space teacher after giving 　6　 forty-minute live lesson to students from the place 　7　(many) than 300 kilometres above the Earth's surface. Again Wang Yaping 　8　(choose) to take part in the Shenzhou-13 crewed mission, with the spacecraft launched on Oct. 16, 2021. She became the first woman who entered the core module of the Tiangong Space Station, 　9　 is called Tianhe. She drew global attention again during her second space mission. Many 　10　(challenge) tasks have been completed by her: a spacewalk and the second class.
1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　
6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024广西梧州高级中学月考)
It is a small step for a plant, and a giant leap for the plant. A sprouting(发芽) cotton seed on China's Chang'e-4 lunar lander is the first plant ever to grow in another world, indicating a new era for life in space.
Seeds, including cotton, Arabidopsis thaliana(拟南芥), oilseed rape(油菜) and potato, were carried to the Moon as a part of biological experiment, along with fruit fly eggs and some yeasts(酵母).
Pictures sent back by the probe show the cotton seeds sprouting on January 5, 2019, two days after Chang'e-4 landed on the far side of the Moon.
The organisms(生物) are in a sealed can, protected from the extreme temperatures and radiation on the surface. “Understanding how to grow plants in space will help lay the foundation for human settlement on the Moon,” a scientist leading the experiment told the South China Morning Post.
The six organisms are intended to form a mini-ecosystem, with the plants making oxygen and food to sustain the fruit flies. Yeasts could process the fruit flies' waste and dead plants to provide another food source.
In a future human settlement, potatoes could provide food, rapeseeds could be a source of oil and cotton could be used for clothing. A study in 2014 reported that plants could sprout and grow in lunar soil for 50 days without any additional nutrients(营养物). Over longer periods, human waste could help support plants' nutritional needs.
1.When might Chang'e-4 land on the far side of the Moon
A.On January 3, 2019.　　　B.On January 5, 2019.
C.On January 7, 2019.　　　D.On January 5, 2014.
2.What is the benefit of growing plants on the Moon
A.It helps support plants' nutritional needs in space.
B.It helps people living on the Moon feed themselves.
C.It helps scientists understand the ecosystem in space.
D.It helps set the basis for establishing settlements on the Moon.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Oxygen created by plants provides a food source.
B.The purpose of these organisms is to form a small ecosystem.
C.The yeast hardly plays a role in dealing with the fruit flies' waste.
D.The organisms can resist extreme heat and cold in the environment.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the passage
A.Flying to the Moon　　　B.Living on the Moon
C.Garden on the Moon's Far Side　　　D.Human Settlement on the Moon's Far Side
B
(2024河南多校期中联考)
Researchers say new evidence suggests Mimas(土卫一), the icy moon of Saturn(土星), likely has a large underground ocean. Researchers based their findings on data collected by the American space agency NASA's Cassini spacecraft. Cassini observed Saturn and its more than 140 moons for more than 10 years before ending operation in 2017.
Researchers report the data provides the best evidence yet of a hidden ocean about 20 to 30 kilometers beneath the frozen surface.
Mimas is a relatively small moon, about 400 kilometers wide. Researchers say Mimas doesn't have formations(构造) on its surface found on other moons, which suggests the presence of underground water. These can include a broken surface as well as spring activity.
The amount of water thought to exist below the surface of Mimas would represent just 1.2 to 1.4 percent of Earth's oceans. That is because the moon is very small.
However, Mimas does have a very large crater caused by a crash with a space object. The edges of it are raised very high. For this reason, the appearance of the moon has been compared to the fictional “Death Star” space station in the popular movie series Star Wars.
Researchers say the underground ocean appears to have formed recently in space terms, possibly between 5 and 15 million years ago. The ocean would likely have an overall temperature of around zero degrees Celsius. But the temperature at the seafloor might be much higher.
The water is in contact with the moon's rocky center, which may create the right complex(复杂的) chemical conditions to support life. But researchers note that because the ocean is believed to be young, it might be a challenge for life's development.
However, nobody knows how long life needs to appear from a suitable environment. The ocean on Mimas may offer a unique opportunity to explore the first stage of life's development.
Scientists have said that in the past another moon of Saturn, Enceladus(土卫二), might possess the warmth, water and chemical materials necessary to support life.
5.What indicates there is water on Mimas
A.Its small size.　　　B.Its turning speed.
C.Its unusual surface.　　　D.Its position in space.
6.What does the underlined word “crater” mean in paragraph 5
A.Hole.　　　B.Land.　　　C.River.　　　D.Mountain.
7.Why is it difficult for life to develop on Mimas
A.It has no atmosphere around.　　　B.Its ocean bottom is too warm.
C.The water of its ocean is salty.　　　D.Its ocean hasn't existed long enough.
8.What might the underground ocean help researchers do
A.Explore the oceans on Earth.　　　B.Study the formation of early life.
C.Look for useful chemical materials.　　　D.Search for a possible human habitat.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 1　Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.astronauts　2.universe　3.orbit　4.procedure
5.launched;satellite　6.vehicle
Ⅱ.1.intelligence　考查名词。句意:儿童的智力在零到三岁之间发展迅速。设空处作主语,根据空前的A child's可知此处应用名词,intelligence为不可数名词。故填intelligence。
2.independence　考查名词。句意:父母保护孩子的本能愿望应当与孩子独立的需要相平衡。设空处作介词for的宾语,指“独立”,应用名词。故填independence。
3.mentally　考查副词。句意:如果我们能使锻炼成为我们的生活习惯,我们的身体和精神一定会从中受益。设空处与physically并列作状语,应用副词。故填mentally。
4.disappointed;to work　考查形容词和动词不定式。句意:考试不及格后,他自然感到失望和沮丧,但是他没有失去信心。他决心努力学习,赶上别人。第一空所填词与frustrated并列,都表示主语的感受,因此应填disappointed;determine to do sth.意为“决心做某事”,故第二空填to work。
5.signaled/signalled　考查动词的时态。句意:刚才主持人示意员工从这个出口离开会议室。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,根据句中的时间状语just now可知应用一般过去时。故填signaled或signalled。
Ⅲ.1.in the hope of　2.on board　3.carry on
Ⅳ.1.the disappointed looks　2.was determined to capture
3.①desire to be　②have a desire to be
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.an　考查冠词。dream为可数名词,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,且impossible的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
2.realizing　考查动词-ing形式。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做某事”。故填realizing。
3.was launched　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作谓语,由时间状语 On 4 October 1957可知应用一般过去时;the Sputnik 1 satellite与launch之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为第三人称单数,谓语也应用单数。故填was launched。
4.goes　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处作宾语从句中的谓语,其对应的主句是一般现在时,结合语境可知此处也用一般现在时;宾语从句的主语为nothing,谓语应用单数。故填goes。
5.disappointment　考查名词。设空处和and前面的sadness并列,都作brought的宾语,也应用名词。故填disappointment。
6.but　考查连词。分析句子可知,设空处前后都是完整的句子,且在意思上存在转折关系,所以应用表示转折的并列连词连接。故填but。
7.than　考查介词。根据设空处前面的比较级later可知,设空处应用介词than。
8.independently　考查副词。设空处修饰动词send,应用副词。故填independently。
9.when　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,结合语境可以推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词2003,关系词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
10.to survive　考查动词不定式。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填to survive。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国女航天员刘洋和王亚平为中国航天事业所做出的贡献。
1.from　考查介词。graduate from意为“从……毕业”。故填from。
2.was　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:经过两年的航天员训练,刘洋在测试方面表现出色。根据上下文语境可知,这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,且句子主语是第三人称单数,谓语也应用单数。故填was。
3.to go　考查动词不定式。句意:刘洋成为中国第一位进入太空的女航天员。“the+序数词+名词+to do sth.”意为“第几个做某事的……”,其中动词不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词。故填to go。
4.experiments　考查名词复数。experiment意为“实验”时为可数名词,此处指“刘洋在太空中做了一些实验”,应用名词复数。故填experiments。
5.importantly　考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填importantly。
6.a　考查冠词。此处指“一堂四十分钟的现场直播课”,表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且forty-minute的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
7.more　考查比较级。根据语境和空后的than可知,设空处表示比较,应用比较级。故填more。
8.was chosen　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:王亚平再次被选中参加神舟十三号载人飞行任务,神舟十三号飞船于2021年10月16日发射。此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;句子主语Wang Yaping和choose之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;句子主语是第三人称单数,谓语也应用单数。故填was chosen。
9.which　考查定语从句。句意:她成为第一个进入天宫空间站天和核心舱的女性。设空处无提示词且空前有逗号,设空处前面是名词短语the core module of the Tiangong Space Station, “　　　　 is called Tianhe”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指物,关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。
10.challenging　考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的复数名词tasks,表示“有挑战性的”,应用形容词。故填challenging。
【高频词汇】　1.mission n.任务　2.live adj.现场直播的
3.take part in参加　4.global adj.全球的
Ⅲ. A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。中国的“嫦娥四号”着陆器携带植物种子在月球上进行种植试验,最终棉花种子成功发芽。
1.A　推理判断题。根据第三段“Pictures sent back by the probe show the cotton seeds sprouting on January 5, 2019, two days after Chang'e-4 landed on the far side of the Moon.”可推测,“嫦娥四号”在月球背面着陆的时间应该是2019年1月3日。故选A。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Understanding how to grow plants in space will help lay the foundation for human settlement on the Moon”可知,了解如何在太空中种植植物将有助于为人类在月球上定居奠定基础。故选D。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The six organisms are intended to form a mini-ecosystem, with the plants making oxygen and food to sustain the fruit flies.”可知,这些生物的目的是形成一个小的生态系统。故选B。
4.C　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据第一段中的“A sprouting cotton seed on China's Chang'e-4 lunar lander is the first plant ever to grow in another world, indicating a new era for life in space.”可知,本文主要介绍了“嫦娥四号”月球着陆器上的植物的生长情况。C项“月球背面的菜园”符合文章主旨,最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.indicate v.表明;象征　2.biological adj.生物的;生物学的　3.lay the foundation for为……打下基础　4.settlement n.移民;定居点　5.sustain v.维持;保持
6.additional adj.附加的,额外的
【熟词生义】　1.land v.着陆;降落　2.can n.金属罐
【差距词汇】　1.seal v.密封(容器)　2.radiation n.辐射;放射线
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。新的证据表明,土卫一可能有一个巨大的地下海洋。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Researchers say Mimas doesn't have formations on its surface found on other moons, which suggests the presence of underground water.”可知,不寻常的表面表明土卫一上有水。故选C。
6.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“caused by a crash with a space object”并结合常识和选项可推测,画线词crater指的是太空物体撞击形成的坑,与A项的意思相同。故选A。
7.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“But researchers note that because the ocean is believed to be young, it might be a challenge for life's development.”可知,生命很难在土卫一上发展是因为它的海洋存在的时间不够长。故选D。
8.B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The ocean on Mimas may offer a unique opportunity to explore the first stage of life's development.”可知,土卫一上的地下海洋或许可以帮助研究人员研究早期生命的形成。故选B。
【高频词汇】　1.likely adv.可能地　2.operation n.运转;运行;操作　3.relatively adv.相当地;相对地
4.presence n.存在;出席　5.underground adj.地下的;秘密的　6.appearance n.外貌;外观;外表　7.overall adj.总体的;全面的　8.possess v.拥有;持有
【熟词生义】　1.moon n.卫星　2.spring n.泉
长难句
原句　Researchers say Mimas doesn't have formations on its surface found on other moons, which suggests the presence of underground water.
分析　本句为主从复合句。say后面为省略了连词that的宾语从句;过去分词短语“found on other moons”作后置定语,修饰formations;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句。
译文　研究人员表示,土卫一表面没有其他卫星上发现的构造,这表明其存在地下水。
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