2025人教版高中英语必修第三册强化练习题--UNIT 4 Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking（含答案与解析）
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2025人教版高中英语必修第三册
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.You should get up early tomorrow morning, o you'll be late for school.
2.My money is (足够的), and I want to buy an item for my mother as a souvenir.
3.(2023新课标Ⅰ)He developed a greenhouse-like (设施) that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.
4.Training was held for tour guides who should encourage visitors to participate in garbage sorting and (回收利用) during tours.
5.(2021新高考Ⅱ改编)Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on (太阳能的) and electric power.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.As a student from China, I have been keen Chinese paintings.
2.(2024湖北名校联盟联考)It was dark outside, and the two kids tried to figure where they should go.
3.Every year, Earth Day is celebrated on April 22 to raise awareness of important issues that our planet is (current) facing.
4.I can't think of any words to describe the beauty here. Its beauty is description, which attracts numerous visitors from all over the world.
5.She was afraid of making an exhibition of herself. This was she was (lack) in training.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.As time passed by, the guilt became too much (bear).
2.We were very surprised (learn) he had got married again.
3.The father walked slowly enough (make) his child follow him.
4.Mr. Brown hurried to the station, only (find) that the train had left.
5.There were so many people that Lucy had to shout and wave so as (notice).
6.A great number of immediate measures have been taken (ensure) people's lives and safety.
7.(2022浙江) (understand) a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition, and light.
8.Reading is also a way (enjoy) informative, creative, and inspiring works of literature that enrich our life experiences.
9.(2024安徽江淮名校开学联考)Similarly, these cities will also be the first (serve) with 5G.
10.(2022全国乙改编)With their ability (see) ahead, drones(无人机) could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
题型(二)
1.(2023全国乙写作)由于长假,我有机会学习游泳,这是一次有益的经历。
Thanks to the long holiday, I had , which is a rewarding experience.
2.知道自己被一所重点大学录取,她是如此高兴以至于双手掩面、喜极而泣。
She was she was admitted to a key university that she buried her face in her hands and wept for joy.(读后续写—神态描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023江西景德镇期中)
A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand—not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like flows of dry sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial(微生物的) life.
NASA, the American space agency, says more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration programme. He notes that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admits, “It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs(悬崖). ”
The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes(沙丘) on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry, this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.
“I still think that Mars has great potential for having had life early on in its history,” Meyer says. “As long as that's true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden.”
NASA currently has no robotic vehicle—either on Mars or in development—with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.
1.What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study
A.A lot of little life. B.An amount of water.
C.Some Martian hills. D.Dark markings are sand.
2.When do the markings come out
A.In Martian spring. B.In Martian winter.
C.In Martian summer. D.In Martian autumn.
3.What's Meyer's opinion about having life on Mars
A.Trustful. B.Doubtful. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.
4.What does the underlined word “cryptic” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Icy. B.Undiscovered. C.Strange. D.Magical.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024江苏泰州联盟校调研)
It sounds like something from science fiction—a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars. While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is: 1
The space race saw the USA and the USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight. The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else. 2 Now it appears that Mars is the heaven body of desire. While the reputation and bragging(吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touch down are obvious draws, there are other reasons we want to get there.
3 You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn't have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming(地球化)—changing the environment of a planet to meet our needs.
However, not everyone agrees. 4 He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.
It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial(地球外的) life. 5 But now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn't start here, but was transferred via asteroids(小行星) from Mars.
A.And the US landed on the Moon first.
B.One of these could be the survival of our species.
C.The leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.
D.Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars
E.It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was filled with life.
F.Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.
G.Can landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024重庆市第一中学校期末)
It's 1:30 am in Kenya's populated north, and 50 people are lying on their backs on the shore of a dried-up river,staring up at the night sky. These stargazers have travelled 250 miles to Samburu so as to 1 the Perseid meteor shower(英仙座流星雨). They are not 2 : Every few minutes, arrows of light shoot 3 the sky like silent fireworks.
The Star Safari(旅行) is organized by a Kenyan astronomer, Susan Murabana, who has brought a 50 kg, 170 cm-long 4 to allow the group to view Mars and deep-sky objects. But here in Samburu, where 5 pollution is minimal, the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye(肉眼)— 6 all the right boxes.
Every two months, Murabana and her husband put their equipment on to the 7 of their truck and 8 to rural communities, where they help up to 300 children to view the planets and learn about constellations(星座) and the 9 of astronomy. Her primary mission is to give 10 an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her.
“There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard, boring, and only for boys,” she adds. “I'd like to 11 young ladies that it's not right and that they can become astronomers, too,” says Murabana.
“When I started this work, I was a lone ranger and I wanted to change that,” she says. 12 by a similar outreach activity, which lighted her 13 for astronomy in her early 20s, Murabana set up her own outreach program after getting her online master's degree in astronomy in 2011.
She 14 Dr Mae Jemison, the first black woman in space, as a role model. “I hope that one day, those small actions can make a butterfly effect that 15 the first African woman in space.”
1.A.sweep B.search
C.witness D.protect
2.A.sad B.satisfied
C.surprised D.disappointed
3.A.into B.across
C.toward D.beyond
4.A.camera B.telescope
C.helicopter D.smartphone
5.A.light B.soil
C.sound D.water
6.A.kick B.pick
C.tick D.stick
7.A.roof B.wheel
C.mirror D.window
8.A.set up B.set back
C.set off D.set down
9.A.patterns B.papers
C.ruins D.basics
10.A.kids B.girls
C.guys D.teenagers
11.A.beg B.warn
C.teach D.realize
12.A.Moved B.Inspired
C.Promoted D.Comforted
13.A.passion B.depression
C.impression D.imagination
14.A.regarded B.referred
C.requested D.recommended
15.A.attracts B.preserves
C.challenges D.produces
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures &Listening and Talking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.otherwise 2.sufficient 3.facility 4.recycling 5.solar
Ⅱ.1.on 考查介词。句意:作为一名来自中国的学生,我一直对中国画很感兴趣。be keen on sth.意为“对某物感兴趣”。故填on。
2.out 考查固定搭配。句意:外面很黑,这两个孩子试图弄明白他们该去哪里。固定短语figure out意为“弄明白;弄清楚;弄懂”。故填out。
3.currently 考查副词。句意:每年,世界地球日在4月22日被庆祝,目的是提高人们对我们的星球目前面临的重要问题的认识。分析句子可知,设空处修饰从句的谓语,应用副词。故填currently。
4.beyond 考查介词。句意:我想不出任何言语来描述这里的美。它的美难以形容,吸引着众多来自世界各地的游客。beyond description意为“难以形容”。故填beyond。
5.because;lacking 考查表语从句和形容词。句意:她担心出洋相。这是因为她缺乏训练。根据语境可知,第一空后面说的是原因,应用because,This was because...意为“这是因为……”;be lacking in...意为“缺乏……”,lacking为形容词,意为“缺乏的”。故第一空填because,第二空填lacking。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.to bear 考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意:随着时间的流逝,负罪感变得越来越难以承受。too...to do为固定结构,意为“太……而不能”,动词不定式作结果状语。故填to bear。
2.to learn 考查动词不定式作原因状语。句意:我们听说他又结婚了,感到很惊讶。“be+形容词+动词不定式”结构表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因,动词不定式作原因状语。故填to learn。
3.to make 考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意:父亲走得很慢,足以让孩子跟着他。...enough to do sth.表示“足够……做某事”,动词不定式作结果状语。故填to make。
4.to find 考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意:布朗先生急匆匆地赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。此处表示出乎意料的结果,应用动词不定式作结果状语。故填to find。
5.to be noticed 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:人太多了,露西不得不叫喊和挥手以引起注意。so as to do sth.意为“为了做某事”,表目的;Lucy与notice之间是被动关系,因此应该用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be noticed。
6.to ensure 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:已经立即采取了大量措施来确保人们的生命安全。根据语境可知此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。
7.To understand 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:为了理解一幅画,我们被教导要寻找颜色、构图和光线。根据语境可知此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To understand。
8.to enjoy 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意:阅读也是一种享受翔实、有创意、鼓舞人心的文学作品的方式,这些作品丰富我们的生活经历。a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to enjoy。
9.to be served 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意:同样,这些城市也将是第一批获得5G服务的城市。当名词前有the first修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语;空格前省略了名词city,提示词serve与city之间是被动关系,所以应用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be served。
10.to see 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意:无人机具有看到前方事物的能力,它可以发出任何问题的信号,这样快速行驶的列车就能及时做出反应。the ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to see。
题型(二)
1.an opportunity/a chance to learn swimming 2.so glad to know
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国科学家的一项新的研究,研究发现火星上黑色的斑点是沙子而不是水。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand—not water.”可知,科学家发现火星上的黑色斑点是沙子而不是水。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句“They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year.”可知,这样的斑点会在火星的夏季出现。故选C。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段Meyer说的话“I still think that Mars has great potential for having had life early on in its history”可推断,Meyer相信火星上有生命。故选A。
4.B 词义猜测题。此处是在说火星上存在生命的可能性,Meyer相信火星上是存在生命的;根据画线词后面的“or well hidden”可知,画线词所在句的意思为“它只是碰巧没被发现或者说隐藏得很好”,所以画线词cryptic的意思是“未被发现的”。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.suggest v.表明;暗示 2.represent v.代表
3.evidence n.证据 4.note v.指出;特别提到 5.finding n.调查发现;调研结果 6.remain v.继续存在;遗留
7.potential n.可能性;潜力 8.reasonable adj.有理由的;合理的 9.equipment n.设备 e up with提出;想出
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人类想要到火星的原因。
1.D 过渡句。根据上文“While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is”可知,本空应该是一个与登陆火星有关的疑问句;再结合第二段第一句“The space race saw the USA and the USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight.”可知,下文提到了美国和苏联之间的太空竞赛。D项“为什么这么多国家对去火星感兴趣 ”承上启下,符合语境。故选D。
2.A 细节句。根据本段第一句“The space race saw the USA and the USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight.”可知,本段主要讲美国和苏联之间的太空竞赛。第二句介绍苏联先于其他国家发射了人造卫星“旅伴一号”,那么设空处就应该介绍美国的成就。A项“美国第一个登陆月球。”符合语境。故选A。
3.B 主旨句。设空处位于段首,应该是本段的主旨句。下文“You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet.”表明人类想登录火星的原因与人类的生存有关,B项“其中之一可能是人类的生存。”能概括本段主旨,符合语境。故选B。
4.C 过渡句。根据上文“However, not everyone agrees.”和下文“He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet...”可知,设空处应该与反对者有关,C项“一流的天体物理学家奈尔·泰森就是其中之一。”点明反对者的身份,承上启下,其中的Neil Tyson是下文He所指代的对象。故选C。
5.E 细节句。下文“But now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet.”提到火星上的生命现在似乎已经死亡,E项“人们相信,火星上曾经充满了生命。”与下文构成转折关系,符合语境。故选E。
【高频词汇】 1.fiction n.小说 2.habitable adj.可居住的
3.concept n.概念;观念 4.seemingly adv.貌似;看似 5.potential adj.潜在的;可能的 6.evolution n.进化
【熟词生义】 1.draw n.有吸引力的人(或事物)
2.remains n.[pl.]遗体,遗骸;剩余物;遗迹
【差距词汇】 expanse n.一大片,广阔,宽广,浩瀚(尤指陆地或海洋)
长难句
原句 He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.
分析 本句为主从复合句。said后为省略了连词that的宾语从句;“we have done to Earth”为省略了关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词damage;when引导时间状语从句。
译文 他说过,当我们可以简单地改造地球时,我们因对地球造成的破坏而改变另一个星球的可居住性这种概念没有意义。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana组织的“星空之旅”活动,以及她创建该活动的原因和目的。
1.C 根据上文“staring up at the night sky”可知,这些观星者跋涉250英里来到桑布鲁是为了目击(witness)英仙座流星雨。sweep席卷;search搜索;protect保护。故选C。
2.D 根据下文“Every few minutes, arrows of light shoot 3 the sky like silent fireworks.”可推断,此处指他们不虚此行,没有失望(disappointed)。sad悲伤的;satisfied满意的;surprised惊讶的。故选D。
3.B 根据语境并结合常识和选项可知,此处指流星所形成的光箭像无声的烟花一样划过(across)天空。into到……里面;toward向,朝;beyond在(或向)……较远的一边。故选B。
4.B 根据空前的“a 50 kg, 170 cm-long”并结合常识和选项可知,只有望远镜(telescope)符合50公斤重、1.7米长的特点。camera照相机;helicopter直升机;smartphone智能手机。故选B。
5.A 根据下文“visible with the naked eye”可知,肉眼可见英仙座流星雨,视线很好,这说明这里光(light)污染极少。soil土壤;sound声音;water水。故选A。
6.C tick all the right boxes字面意思为“勾选所有正确的方框”,引申义为“完全迎合众人的喜好”。kick踢;pick挑选;stick粘贴。故选C。
7.A 根据语境并结合选项可知,此处指每两个月,Murabana和她的丈夫把他们的设备(望远镜)放在他们的卡车车顶(roof)上。wheel车轮;mirror镜子;window窗户。故选A。
8.C 根据空前的“truck”和空后的“rural communities”可知,此处指Murabana和她的丈夫把他们的设备放在他们的卡车车顶上后就启程(set off)去了农村社区。set up创建;set back使延误;set down写下,记下。故选C。
9.D 根据上文“they help up to 300 children to view the planets and learn about constellations”可知,他们在帮助孩子了解天文学的基础知识(basics)。pattern模式;papers文件;ruins遗迹。故选D。
10.B 根据下一段中Murabana说的话“I'd like to 11 young ladies that it's not right and that they can become astronomers, too”可推断,她的主要任务是给女孩们(girls)一个机会。kid孩子;guy家伙;teenager青少年。故选B。
易错归因
本题容易错选A项。上文“they help up to 300 children”确实提到他们帮助了多达300名儿童,但根据下一段中Murabana说的话可知,这里主要指的是女孩们,所以girls比kids更恰当。
11.C 根据语境并结合选项可知,此处指Murabana教导(teach)女孩们她们也可以成为天文学家。beg乞求;warn警告;realize意识到。故选C。
12.B 根据下文“Murabana set up her own outreach program”可知,此处指她受到了一个类似的外展活动的启发(Inspired)。move使感动;promote促进;comfort安慰。故选B。
13.A 根据下文“Murabana set up her own outreach program”可知,此处指在她二十岁出头时,那个外展活动点燃了她对天文学的热情(passion)。depression抑郁;impression印象;imagination想象。故选A。
14.A 根据下文“as a role model”并结合选项可知,她把第一位进入太空的黑人女性Mae Jemison博士视为楷模。regard...as...意为“把……视为……”。故选A。
15.D 根据上文可知,她的楷模是第一位进入太空的黑人女性Mae Jemison。因此,她希望有一天,自己的行动能产生蝴蝶效应,能够产生(produces)第一位进入太空的非洲女性。attract吸引;preserve保存;challenge挑战。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.stare v.凝视;盯着看 2.minimal adj.极小的;极少的 3.rural adj.农村的 4.primary adj.主要的;首要的 5.available adj.可用的;可获得的
【熟词生义】 shoot v.(使朝某方向)冲,奔,扑,射,飞驰
长难句
原句 Inspired by a similar outreach activity, which lighted her passion for astronomy in her early 20s, Murabana set up her own outreach program after getting her online master's degree in astronomy in 2011.
分析 本句为主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词activity;过去分词短语“Inspired by...”作原因状语。
译文 Murabana在二十岁出头的时候,一次类似的外展活动点燃了她对天文学的热情,受到这种活动的启发,她在2011年获得天文学在线硕士学位后,建立了自己的外展项目。
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2025人教版高中英语必修第三册
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.You should get up early tomorrow morning, o you'll be late for school.
2.My money is (足够的), and I want to buy an item for my mother as a souvenir.
3.(2023新课标Ⅰ)He developed a greenhouse-like (设施) that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.
4.Training was held for tour guides who should encourage visitors to participate in garbage sorting and (回收利用) during tours.
5.(2021新高考Ⅱ改编)Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on (太阳能的) and electric power.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.As a student from China, I have been keen Chinese paintings.
2.(2024湖北名校联盟联考)It was dark outside, and the two kids tried to figure where they should go.
3.Every year, Earth Day is celebrated on April 22 to raise awareness of important issues that our planet is (current) facing.
4.I can't think of any words to describe the beauty here. Its beauty is description, which attracts numerous visitors from all over the world.
5.She was afraid of making an exhibition of herself. This was she was (lack) in training.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.As time passed by, the guilt became too much (bear).
2.We were very surprised (learn) he had got married again.
3.The father walked slowly enough (make) his child follow him.
4.Mr. Brown hurried to the station, only (find) that the train had left.
5.There were so many people that Lucy had to shout and wave so as (notice).
6.A great number of immediate measures have been taken (ensure) people's lives and safety.
7.(2022浙江) (understand) a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition, and light.
8.Reading is also a way (enjoy) informative, creative, and inspiring works of literature that enrich our life experiences.
9.(2024安徽江淮名校开学联考)Similarly, these cities will also be the first (serve) with 5G.
10.(2022全国乙改编)With their ability (see) ahead, drones(无人机) could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
题型(二)
1.(2023全国乙写作)由于长假,我有机会学习游泳,这是一次有益的经历。
Thanks to the long holiday, I had , which is a rewarding experience.
2.知道自己被一所重点大学录取,她是如此高兴以至于双手掩面、喜极而泣。
She was she was admitted to a key university that she buried her face in her hands and wept for joy.(读后续写—神态描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023江西景德镇期中)
A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand—not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like flows of dry sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial(微生物的) life.
NASA, the American space agency, says more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration programme. He notes that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admits, “It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs(悬崖). ”
The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes(沙丘) on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry, this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.
“I still think that Mars has great potential for having had life early on in its history,” Meyer says. “As long as that's true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden.”
NASA currently has no robotic vehicle—either on Mars or in development—with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.
1.What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study
A.A lot of little life. B.An amount of water.
C.Some Martian hills. D.Dark markings are sand.
2.When do the markings come out
A.In Martian spring. B.In Martian winter.
C.In Martian summer. D.In Martian autumn.
3.What's Meyer's opinion about having life on Mars
A.Trustful. B.Doubtful. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.
4.What does the underlined word “cryptic” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Icy. B.Undiscovered. C.Strange. D.Magical.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024江苏泰州联盟校调研)
It sounds like something from science fiction—a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars. While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is: 1
The space race saw the USA and the USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight. The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else. 2 Now it appears that Mars is the heaven body of desire. While the reputation and bragging(吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touch down are obvious draws, there are other reasons we want to get there.
3 You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn't have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming(地球化)—changing the environment of a planet to meet our needs.
However, not everyone agrees. 4 He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.
It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial(地球外的) life. 5 But now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn't start here, but was transferred via asteroids(小行星) from Mars.
A.And the US landed on the Moon first.
B.One of these could be the survival of our species.
C.The leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.
D.Why are so many countries interested in going to Mars
E.It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was filled with life.
F.Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.
G.Can landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024重庆市第一中学校期末)
It's 1:30 am in Kenya's populated north, and 50 people are lying on their backs on the shore of a dried-up river,staring up at the night sky. These stargazers have travelled 250 miles to Samburu so as to 1 the Perseid meteor shower(英仙座流星雨). They are not 2 : Every few minutes, arrows of light shoot 3 the sky like silent fireworks.
The Star Safari(旅行) is organized by a Kenyan astronomer, Susan Murabana, who has brought a 50 kg, 170 cm-long 4 to allow the group to view Mars and deep-sky objects. But here in Samburu, where 5 pollution is minimal, the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye(肉眼)— 6 all the right boxes.
Every two months, Murabana and her husband put their equipment on to the 7 of their truck and 8 to rural communities, where they help up to 300 children to view the planets and learn about constellations(星座) and the 9 of astronomy. Her primary mission is to give 10 an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her.
“There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard, boring, and only for boys,” she adds. “I'd like to 11 young ladies that it's not right and that they can become astronomers, too,” says Murabana.
“When I started this work, I was a lone ranger and I wanted to change that,” she says. 12 by a similar outreach activity, which lighted her 13 for astronomy in her early 20s, Murabana set up her own outreach program after getting her online master's degree in astronomy in 2011.
She 14 Dr Mae Jemison, the first black woman in space, as a role model. “I hope that one day, those small actions can make a butterfly effect that 15 the first African woman in space.”
1.A.sweep B.search
C.witness D.protect
2.A.sad B.satisfied
C.surprised D.disappointed
3.A.into B.across
C.toward D.beyond
4.A.camera B.telescope
C.helicopter D.smartphone
5.A.light B.soil
C.sound D.water
6.A.kick B.pick
C.tick D.stick
7.A.roof B.wheel
C.mirror D.window
8.A.set up B.set back
C.set off D.set down
9.A.patterns B.papers
C.ruins D.basics
10.A.kids B.girls
C.guys D.teenagers
11.A.beg B.warn
C.teach D.realize
12.A.Moved B.Inspired
C.Promoted D.Comforted
13.A.passion B.depression
C.impression D.imagination
14.A.regarded B.referred
C.requested D.recommended
15.A.attracts B.preserves
C.challenges D.produces
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 2 Discovering Useful Structures &Listening and Talking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.otherwise 2.sufficient 3.facility 4.recycling 5.solar
Ⅱ.1.on 考查介词。句意:作为一名来自中国的学生,我一直对中国画很感兴趣。be keen on sth.意为“对某物感兴趣”。故填on。
2.out 考查固定搭配。句意:外面很黑,这两个孩子试图弄明白他们该去哪里。固定短语figure out意为“弄明白;弄清楚;弄懂”。故填out。
3.currently 考查副词。句意:每年,世界地球日在4月22日被庆祝,目的是提高人们对我们的星球目前面临的重要问题的认识。分析句子可知,设空处修饰从句的谓语,应用副词。故填currently。
4.beyond 考查介词。句意:我想不出任何言语来描述这里的美。它的美难以形容,吸引着众多来自世界各地的游客。beyond description意为“难以形容”。故填beyond。
5.because;lacking 考查表语从句和形容词。句意:她担心出洋相。这是因为她缺乏训练。根据语境可知,第一空后面说的是原因,应用because,This was because...意为“这是因为……”;be lacking in...意为“缺乏……”,lacking为形容词,意为“缺乏的”。故第一空填because,第二空填lacking。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.to bear 考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意:随着时间的流逝,负罪感变得越来越难以承受。too...to do为固定结构,意为“太……而不能”,动词不定式作结果状语。故填to bear。
2.to learn 考查动词不定式作原因状语。句意:我们听说他又结婚了,感到很惊讶。“be+形容词+动词不定式”结构表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因,动词不定式作原因状语。故填to learn。
3.to make 考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意:父亲走得很慢,足以让孩子跟着他。...enough to do sth.表示“足够……做某事”,动词不定式作结果状语。故填to make。
4.to find 考查动词不定式作结果状语。句意:布朗先生急匆匆地赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。此处表示出乎意料的结果,应用动词不定式作结果状语。故填to find。
5.to be noticed 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:人太多了,露西不得不叫喊和挥手以引起注意。so as to do sth.意为“为了做某事”,表目的;Lucy与notice之间是被动关系,因此应该用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be noticed。
6.to ensure 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:已经立即采取了大量措施来确保人们的生命安全。根据语境可知此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。
7.To understand 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:为了理解一幅画,我们被教导要寻找颜色、构图和光线。根据语境可知此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To understand。
8.to enjoy 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意:阅读也是一种享受翔实、有创意、鼓舞人心的文学作品的方式,这些作品丰富我们的生活经历。a way to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to enjoy。
9.to be served 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意:同样,这些城市也将是第一批获得5G服务的城市。当名词前有the first修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语;空格前省略了名词city,提示词serve与city之间是被动关系,所以应用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be served。
10.to see 考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意:无人机具有看到前方事物的能力,它可以发出任何问题的信号,这样快速行驶的列车就能及时做出反应。the ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”,动词不定式作后置定语。故填to see。
题型(二)
1.an opportunity/a chance to learn swimming 2.so glad to know
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国科学家的一项新的研究,研究发现火星上黑色的斑点是沙子而不是水。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand—not water.”可知,科学家发现火星上的黑色斑点是沙子而不是水。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句“They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year.”可知,这样的斑点会在火星的夏季出现。故选C。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段Meyer说的话“I still think that Mars has great potential for having had life early on in its history”可推断,Meyer相信火星上有生命。故选A。
4.B 词义猜测题。此处是在说火星上存在生命的可能性,Meyer相信火星上是存在生命的;根据画线词后面的“or well hidden”可知,画线词所在句的意思为“它只是碰巧没被发现或者说隐藏得很好”,所以画线词cryptic的意思是“未被发现的”。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.suggest v.表明;暗示 2.represent v.代表
3.evidence n.证据 4.note v.指出;特别提到 5.finding n.调查发现;调研结果 6.remain v.继续存在;遗留
7.potential n.可能性;潜力 8.reasonable adj.有理由的;合理的 9.equipment n.设备 e up with提出;想出
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人类想要到火星的原因。
1.D 过渡句。根据上文“While we're not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is”可知,本空应该是一个与登陆火星有关的疑问句;再结合第二段第一句“The space race saw the USA and the USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight.”可知,下文提到了美国和苏联之间的太空竞赛。D项“为什么这么多国家对去火星感兴趣 ”承上启下,符合语境。故选D。
2.A 细节句。根据本段第一句“The space race saw the USA and the USSR compete to achieve the first in spaceflight.”可知,本段主要讲美国和苏联之间的太空竞赛。第二句介绍苏联先于其他国家发射了人造卫星“旅伴一号”,那么设空处就应该介绍美国的成就。A项“美国第一个登陆月球。”符合语境。故选A。
3.B 主旨句。设空处位于段首,应该是本段的主旨句。下文“You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet.”表明人类想登录火星的原因与人类的生存有关,B项“其中之一可能是人类的生存。”能概括本段主旨,符合语境。故选B。
4.C 过渡句。根据上文“However, not everyone agrees.”和下文“He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet...”可知,设空处应该与反对者有关,C项“一流的天体物理学家奈尔·泰森就是其中之一。”点明反对者的身份,承上启下,其中的Neil Tyson是下文He所指代的对象。故选C。
5.E 细节句。下文“But now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet.”提到火星上的生命现在似乎已经死亡,E项“人们相信,火星上曾经充满了生命。”与下文构成转折关系,符合语境。故选E。
【高频词汇】 1.fiction n.小说 2.habitable adj.可居住的
3.concept n.概念;观念 4.seemingly adv.貌似;看似 5.potential adj.潜在的;可能的 6.evolution n.进化
【熟词生义】 1.draw n.有吸引力的人(或事物)
2.remains n.[pl.]遗体,遗骸;剩余物;遗迹
【差距词汇】 expanse n.一大片,广阔,宽广,浩瀚(尤指陆地或海洋)
长难句
原句 He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.
分析 本句为主从复合句。said后为省略了连词that的宾语从句;“we have done to Earth”为省略了关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词damage;when引导时间状语从句。
译文 他说过,当我们可以简单地改造地球时,我们因对地球造成的破坏而改变另一个星球的可居住性这种概念没有意义。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了肯尼亚天文学家Susan Murabana组织的“星空之旅”活动,以及她创建该活动的原因和目的。
1.C 根据上文“staring up at the night sky”可知,这些观星者跋涉250英里来到桑布鲁是为了目击(witness)英仙座流星雨。sweep席卷;search搜索;protect保护。故选C。
2.D 根据下文“Every few minutes, arrows of light shoot 3 the sky like silent fireworks.”可推断,此处指他们不虚此行,没有失望(disappointed)。sad悲伤的;satisfied满意的;surprised惊讶的。故选D。
3.B 根据语境并结合常识和选项可知,此处指流星所形成的光箭像无声的烟花一样划过(across)天空。into到……里面;toward向,朝;beyond在(或向)……较远的一边。故选B。
4.B 根据空前的“a 50 kg, 170 cm-long”并结合常识和选项可知,只有望远镜(telescope)符合50公斤重、1.7米长的特点。camera照相机;helicopter直升机;smartphone智能手机。故选B。
5.A 根据下文“visible with the naked eye”可知,肉眼可见英仙座流星雨,视线很好,这说明这里光(light)污染极少。soil土壤;sound声音;water水。故选A。
6.C tick all the right boxes字面意思为“勾选所有正确的方框”,引申义为“完全迎合众人的喜好”。kick踢;pick挑选;stick粘贴。故选C。
7.A 根据语境并结合选项可知,此处指每两个月,Murabana和她的丈夫把他们的设备(望远镜)放在他们的卡车车顶(roof)上。wheel车轮;mirror镜子;window窗户。故选A。
8.C 根据空前的“truck”和空后的“rural communities”可知,此处指Murabana和她的丈夫把他们的设备放在他们的卡车车顶上后就启程(set off)去了农村社区。set up创建;set back使延误;set down写下,记下。故选C。
9.D 根据上文“they help up to 300 children to view the planets and learn about constellations”可知,他们在帮助孩子了解天文学的基础知识(basics)。pattern模式;papers文件;ruins遗迹。故选D。
10.B 根据下一段中Murabana说的话“I'd like to 11 young ladies that it's not right and that they can become astronomers, too”可推断,她的主要任务是给女孩们(girls)一个机会。kid孩子;guy家伙;teenager青少年。故选B。
易错归因
本题容易错选A项。上文“they help up to 300 children”确实提到他们帮助了多达300名儿童,但根据下一段中Murabana说的话可知,这里主要指的是女孩们,所以girls比kids更恰当。
11.C 根据语境并结合选项可知,此处指Murabana教导(teach)女孩们她们也可以成为天文学家。beg乞求;warn警告;realize意识到。故选C。
12.B 根据下文“Murabana set up her own outreach program”可知,此处指她受到了一个类似的外展活动的启发(Inspired)。move使感动;promote促进;comfort安慰。故选B。
13.A 根据下文“Murabana set up her own outreach program”可知,此处指在她二十岁出头时,那个外展活动点燃了她对天文学的热情(passion)。depression抑郁;impression印象;imagination想象。故选A。
14.A 根据下文“as a role model”并结合选项可知,她把第一位进入太空的黑人女性Mae Jemison博士视为楷模。regard...as...意为“把……视为……”。故选A。
15.D 根据上文可知,她的楷模是第一位进入太空的黑人女性Mae Jemison。因此,她希望有一天,自己的行动能产生蝴蝶效应,能够产生(produces)第一位进入太空的非洲女性。attract吸引;preserve保存;challenge挑战。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.stare v.凝视;盯着看 2.minimal adj.极小的;极少的 3.rural adj.农村的 4.primary adj.主要的;首要的 5.available adj.可用的;可获得的
【熟词生义】 shoot v.(使朝某方向)冲,奔,扑,射,飞驰
长难句
原句 Inspired by a similar outreach activity, which lighted her passion for astronomy in her early 20s, Murabana set up her own outreach program after getting her online master's degree in astronomy in 2011.
分析 本句为主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词activity;过去分词短语“Inspired by...”作原因状语。
译文 Murabana在二十岁出头的时候,一次类似的外展活动点燃了她对天文学的热情,受到这种活动的启发,她在2011年获得天文学在线硕士学位后,建立了自己的外展项目。
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