外延版八上Module 4 Planes, ships and trains同步学案

外延版八上Module 4 Planes, ships and trains
1. except, except for ,besides，but 区别
except 表示从整体中除去一部分
except for 表示对一个人或事物做一个整体评价，然后对局部提出一点看法。
besides 表示后面的部分包含在整体之内。
but “除……以外“（强调整体性，常放在nothing, all, anyone, nobody, everything, everyone
等词后）
All the other five students arrived late except me. 除了我，其他五位学生都来晚了。（晚到的学生中不包括“我”）
Five other students arrived late besides me. 除了我，还有五位学生来晚了。（晚到的学生中包括“我”）
I didn’t tell anybody but you. 除你之外，我没有告诉任何人。
His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的文章很好，只是有几处拼写错误。
She can speak French and Japanese besides English. 除英语外，她还会讲法语和日语。
What other sports do you play besides football 除了足球你还做哪些运动？
There is nothing but a desk in the room. 这间房间除了一张课桌，什么也没有。
2. 四“花费“（cost, spend, pay, take）
单词 主语 用法 例句
cost 物 sth. cost sb+金钱 This book cost me ten yuan. 这本书花了我10元。
spend 人 sb. spend+时间/金钱+on sth. I spent ten yuan on the book.=I spent ten yuan (in) buying the book.我买这本书花了10元。
sb. spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth.
pay 人 sb. pay +金钱+ for sth. I paid ten yuan for the book. 我花10元买了这本书。
take it(形式主语） It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 我每天花费两个小时的时间完成作业。
Do you usually spend all your free time studying 你通常把你所有的空余时间都用来学习吗？
The old dictionary cost me fifty yuan, but I think the cost of it is more than fifty yuan.这本旧词典花了我50元,但是我认为它的价值超过50元。（ the cost of it “……的价值“）
cost sb. one’s life 以某人的生命为代价
Joe’s brave action cost him his life. 乔的英勇行为使他牺牲了生命。
3. be close to 离……近 be far from 离……远
close friend 亲密的朋友
My close friend's home is close to the shop. And　the shopkeeper usually closes it on Sunday　afternoon.我密友的家离商店很近。店主通常周日下午关门。
4. maybe 与may be
Maybe he is at school=He may be at school. 或许他在学校。
5. 各种交通工具的表达方法：
by taxi 坐出租车 by bike 骑自行车
take the underground/by underground 乘地铁
take a plane/by plane 乘飞机
[拓展]表示交通方式还常用以下几种方式:
① in/on+限定词+表示交通工具的名词(作状语)
Dad usually goes to work on his bike.爸爸通常骑自行车去上班。
② take+a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词(作谓语)
Let's take the underground to the zoo.咱们乘地铁去动物园吧。
③ walk/drive/fly/ride/... to+地点名词 步行/开车/乘飞机/骑车/…去…(作谓语)
Lingling always walks to school.玲玲总是步行去学校。
④ on foot步行(作状语)
Let' s go there on foot.咱们步行去那里吧。
6. choice （名词）选择
make a choice 做出选择
have no choice but to do sth.除了做某事外别无选择
We each had to make a choice. 我们每个人都得做出选择。
It's up to you to make a choice. 由你做出选择。
We had no choice but to wait for the next bus. 除了等下一辆公共汽车，我们别无选择。
Jack chose to learn Chinese rather than Japanese. 杰克选择学习汉语，而不是日语。
There are some things we can change if we choose to change them.
7. so much 如此多，修饰不可数名词
so many 如此多，修饰可数名词复数
There is so much food on the table.
So many people are waiting for the bus.
8. far away远离
Mr Smith lives far from the town. 史密斯先生住在离镇上很远的地方。
9. the same as……和……一样
different from 和……不一样
My cousin’s watch is the same as mine. 我表弟的手表和我的一样。
I know a woman whose first and last names are the same as mine. 我认识一个名字和姓氏与我相同的女人。
Daming likes to do the same things as me. 大明喜欢做和我同样的事情。
Tom is quite different from what I expected. 汤姆和我的预期完全不同。
This year's fashions are completely different from last year's. 今年的时尚与去年完全不同。
10. be crowded with 挤满……
The road is crowded with cars. 公路上挤满了小汽车。
We had to stand because the train was crowded. 我们不得不站着，因为火车上很拥挤。
This is a crowded room. 这是一个挤满人的房间。
11. all the time 一直；不断地
He broke his leg and had to lie all the time. 他折了腿，不得不一直躺着。
The baby appears hungry all the time. 婴儿一直都很饿。
12. Plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事
He doesn’t plan to go to Beijing on vacation. 他没打算去北京度假，
make a plan (for)… 为……制定计划
They made a new plan for the use of the time. 他们制定了利用时间的新计划。
13. How long did he stay here 他在这儿待了多久？
How long is the river 这条河有多长？
14. Could/Would you please do sth.
Could/Would you do sth 请你 /你能……好吗？
Could you please help me carry the box 请你帮我搬这个箱子好吗？
15. I want to book a room for two. 我想预定一个双人房间。
Did you book the return train ticket 你预定返程火车票了吗？
16. Don’t park your car here. 不要把你的汽车停在这里。
No parking! 禁止停车！

17. Lisa is standing outside the classroom. 莉萨正站在教室外面。
It’s very cold outside. 外面很冷。
The outside of the house is very new. 这座房子的外表很新。
There are some pictures on the outside walls. 在外面的墙上有一些照片。
18. however “然而，但是” 位于句首时其后要用逗号隔开；位于句中时其前后都要用逗号隔开。
However, last summer, David went to another city because of his father’s job. 然而，去年夏天，戴维因为父亲的工作去了另一个城市。
My room is small. It is, however, very comfortable. 我的房间很小，然而，它却很舒服。
19. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二大河。
He is one of the youngest students in my class. 他是我班上最年轻的学生之一。
It is my busiest day. 这是我最忙的一天。(形容词最高级前带有物主名词或名词所有格时，不能再用定冠词the)
20. because of 与because
Because of the illness, the boy did not go to school. 因为生病，男孩没有去上学
He didn’t attend the meeting because he had too much work to do. 他没有参加会议，因为他有太多工作要做。
21. in a hurry 匆忙，仓促 hurry to do sth. 匆忙做某事
hurry up赶快 hurry to+某地，匆忙去往某地
They left in a hurry. 他们匆匆离开了。
He hurried to go to school this morning, because he got up late. 今天早上他匆匆忙忙就去上学了，因为他起床晚了。
Hurry up! There is little time left. 快点儿，所剩时间不多了。
He hurried to school without having breakfast. 他没有吃早饭，匆忙赶去学校。
22. Tony is the tallest of the six students. 托尼是六个学生中最高的。
He runs fastest in his class.
23. She is better than any other student in her class.=She is better than the other students in her class.=She is the best student in her class. 她比她班里的其他学生都好。
24. 不规则形容词或副词最高级：
good/well-best bad/badly/ill-worst, little-least, far-farthest/furthest many/much-more