2024-2025年中考专题 被动语态 课件 (共25张PPT)

(共25张PPT)
中考被动语态专项
目录
一、定义和构成
二、不同时态的被动语态和句式变化
三、用法和注意事项：无被动和其他特殊情况
四、做题方法和练习题
一、定义和构成
1 定义
动作执行者/发出者
主动语态
被动语态
动作承受者/接收者
语态 :动词的一种形式，说明主语和谓语动词的关系。
Many people plant trees.
Trees are planted by many people.
主动语态
被动语态
主语
谓语
宾语
主语
宾语
谓语
主动变被动方法:
1.主变宾，宾变主 2.谓动变成be+done
3.by在被动宾前加 4.其他成分都不变
2 结构
结构：主语 + 助动词(be)+动词过去分词
Trees are planted by many people.
注意：be动词有人称和数的变化
过去分词的变化-规则变形
一般直接加-ed；
见e直接加-d;
重读闭音节,双写尾字母再加-ed；
辅y结尾变为i，再把ed加。
show--showed
wash--washed
watch--watched
stop--stopped
plan--planned
trip—tripped
drop—dropped
try--tried
cry—cried
study--studied
carry—carried
live--lived
hope--hoped
dance--danced
过去分词的变化-不规则变形
put _______ ________
cut _______ ________
hurt _______ ________
begin _______ ________
drink _______ ________
fall _______ ________
run _______ ________
come _______ ________
become _______ ________
think _______ ________
buy _______ ________
bring _______ ________
teach _______ ________
catch _______ ________
feel _______ ________
keep _______ ________
sleep _______ ________
sell _______ ________
hold _______ ________
put put
cut cut
hurt hurt
began begun
drank drunk
fell fallen
ran run
came come
became become
thought thought
bought bought
brought brought
taught taught
caught caught
felt felt
kept kept
slept slept
sold sold
held held
二、不同时态的被动语态和句式变化
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done
一般过去时 did was/were+done
一般将来时 will+do will be+done
现在完成时 have/has+done have/has been+done
含有情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词 be+done
注：标红为课标要求
1. 不同时态的被动语态
2. 句式变化
一般现在时
1
2
4
3
肯定句：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他
否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词+其他
一般疑问句：Am/is/are+主语+过去分词+其他
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+过去分词+其他
一般过去时
1
2
4
3
肯定句：主语+was/were+过去分词+其他
否定句：主语+was/were+not+过去分词+其他
一般疑问句：Was/were+主语+过去分词+其他
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+过去分词+其他
含有情态动词
1
2
4
3
肯定句：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他
否定句：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+其他
一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+其他
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+其他
三、用法和注意事项
1. 用法
1.不知道或没有必要强调动作的执行者
2.需要强调动作的承受者，
3.出于礼貌方面的考虑不愿说出动作的承受者
These books are written for students
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
He was asked to give a talk
2.注意事项
主系表结构
1
there be 结构
2
主动句的谓语动词为不及物动词
3
4
主动句中宾语是反身代词
无被动语态的情况
My mother gave me a pencil.
一、含有双宾语的主动句变被动句
双宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语
动作的承受者：表示物的宾语
a pencil
动作的目标：表示人的宾语
me
其他特殊情况
可接双宾语的词：
搭配to: bring, give, ask, lend, send, show, take, tell，pass
搭配for: buy，order，cook
My mother gave me a pencil
间接宾语
直接宾语
间接宾语做主语
直接宾语做主语
I was given a pencil by my mother .
A pencil was given to me by my mother .
注意：直接宾语做主语，要在间接宾语前加介词 to 或 for
He looks after his younger sister.
His younger sister is looked after by him.
注意：介词不可省略
二、动词短语变被动
动词 + 介词
动词 + 副词
动词短语
三、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构变被动
I see a boy play in the playground.
A boy is seen to play into the building.
He makes the girl stay at home.
The girl is made to stay at home by him.
主动句的宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，变被动应加上to
常见不带to的结构：
感官动词：hear,feel,notice,watch,see,look,observe
使役动词：make，let，have
标志词&上下句
做题方法
1. English_____ _____ (use)as a foreign language in our country.
2. I ________________ (invite) to the party yesterday.
3.The film ________________ (show) on the TV next month.
4.The task _______________ (finish) in an hour.
5.We use the camera to take photos. (改为被动语态)
The camera ________ ________ to take photos by us.
6.They thought my father s old tools could_________ (put) to good use.
例题
is used
was invited
will be shown
will be finished
is used
be put
1.The play ____________ (show) at the theatre next Sunday.
2.Jill wears pair of black pearl earrings. (改为被动语态)
A pair of black pearl earrings ________ ________ by Jill.
3.Waste paper shouldn’t ____________ (throw) everywhere.
4. The picture _______________ (create) by a group of students.
5.Chinese ____________ (speak) in every country.
will be shown
练习题
is worn
be shown
is created
is spoken
被动语态的基本结构 be + done
一般现在时的被动
一般过去时的被动
一般将来时的被动
含情态动词的被动
小 结
am/is/are + done
was/were + done
will + be + done
情态动词 + be + done
Thanks