Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering Useful Structures 课件 新人教版 必修一

(共29张PPT)
NATURAL DISASTERS
Discovering Useful Structures
identify restrictive relative clauses and explore the structures and the function of restrictive relative clauses
Learning objectives
sum up the usage of relative pronouns
use restrictive relative clauses to describe pictures of disasters
相关术语
1. 定语 2. 定语从句
3. 先行词 4. 关系词
5. 限制性定语从句 6. 非限制性定语从句
1. 定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子；
翻译为“...的”。
a clever boy the boiling water fallen leaves
the man who you are looking for
2. 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句。
Do you know the man who came to see Mr. Li today
定语 VS 定语从句
3. 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词；
4. 关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词：when, where, why
I like online shopping, which is also a way to relieve working stress.
关系词常有3个作用：
1，引导定语从句；2，代替先行词；3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
先行词 and 关系词
先行词
关系词
5. 限制性定语从句（Restrictive Relative Clauses)：
对先行词起到修饰、限制的作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的意义就不完整。
He is a teacher who works at our school.
6.非限制性定语从句：
同主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作补充说明，不起限制的作用，若省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整；书写时多用逗号与主句分开。
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city.
限制性 and 非限制性定语从句
比较
He has two sons, who work in the same company.
(He has only two sons)
He has two sons who work in the same company.
(Perhaps he has more sons)
限制性 and 非限制性定语从句
Activity 1：Find and underline the restrictive relative clause.
1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
2. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
3. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
4. Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
5. A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
Activity 1：Find and underline the restrictive relative clause.
1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
2. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
3. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
4. Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
5. A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
What function do the restrictive relative clauses have
A restrictive relative clause gives us detailed information. It tells us which person or thing we are talking about.
Activity 1：Find and underline the restrictive relative clause.
1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
2. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
3. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
4. Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
5. A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
Observe the sentences and find the relative pronouns.
Activity 1：Find and underline the restrictive relative clause.
1. The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
2. The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
3. The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were...
4. Mr. Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
5. A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
Summarize the usage of relative pronouns.
WHO/WHOM/THAT for people
WHICH/THAT for things
WHOSE for possessive
Activity 2 : Complete each sentence with suitable relative pronouns. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. Here are some of the people ______ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ______ were asleep.
3. The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything ________ they could find.
4. Several days later, most of the buildings _________ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
5. The injured boy ______ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
6. The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by ______ she was rescued.
7. Is this the young boy ________ saved several other students trapped and buildings
whose
who
that/不填
that/which
whose
whom
who/that
Tips
1. who，whom和whose引导的定语从句。
(1) who和whom都指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。
I have many friends (who/whom) I’m going to send postcards to.
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
(2) whose指人的或物的，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。
My son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
Tips
2. that和which引导的定语从句
that代替的先行词可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行词只能是物。
使用这两个关系词要注意以下两点：
(1) 6种只用that引导定语从句的情况。
①先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。
②先行词被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修饰时。
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时。
Tips
④先行词被the only，the very (正是，恰是), the last修饰时。
⑤先行词既有人又有物时。
⑥当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
(2) 4种只用which引导定语从句的情况。
①引导非限制性定语从句时。
②先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。
③先行词本身是that时。
④关系代词后有插入语时。
3. as 引导的定语从句
as 引导限制性定语从句主要用于the same...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
We have found the same materials as are used in their factory.
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
4. 引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别
Tips
关系词 位置不同 表意不同
as 既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”，其后谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which 通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等
Tips
As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake.
The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
其它：as is known to all/as is often the case/as is mentioned above,
She married again, which was unexpected.
Practice
The baby was crying. The baby was rescued from the building. (who)
The baby the baby was rescued from the building was crying.
OR
The baby the baby who was crying was rescued from the building.
_____
________
who
Use restrictive relative clauses to combine each pair of sentences.
The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman. The woman’s family survived the earthquake. (whose)
The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake.
Practice
Use restrictive relative clauses to combine each pair of sentences.
The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks. The bricks covered the ground. (that/which)
The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks that/which covered the ground.
My family will always be thankful for the people. We received aid from the people. (from whom)
My family will always be thankful for the people from whom we received aid.
Activity 3 Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clause using that, which, who, whose, or whom.
Example.
A: What's the rescue worker doing
B: She is feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.
Activity 3 Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clause using that, which, who, whose, or whom.
Example.
A: What are the soldiers doing
B: ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
The soldiers are fixing the tents for the people whose city was destroyed by the earthquake.
Activity 3 Work with a partner. Take turns to ask each other about the pictures. Make sentences with restrictive relative clause using that, which, who, whose, or whom.
Example.
A: What is the dog’s job Why is the dog part of the rescue team
B: ______________________________________________
______________________________________________
The dog, whose job is to search people who are buried in the ruins, has an incredible sense of smell.
Practice
1. The Chinese painting brush is mostly made of goat, wolf or fox hair, ________ is suitable for producing brushes that are both soft and stringy (有韧性).
2. Moreover, the majority are mainly the post-80s youth and 90s youth，_______ don’t want to visit crowded tourist sites.
3. Tai chi chuan or Chinese boxing, is an ancient and distinctive Chinese form of exercise __________ is popular throughout the world.
4. Shaanxi’s biang biang noodles were a comforting and beloved food among locals, for ________ the back story and written character were common knowledge.
5. Understanding, love and tolerance are the first three essentials ________ come to an authentic friendship.
which
who
that/which
whom
that
高考链接
1. (2024·新课标I卷) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
2. (2024·新课标II卷) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”, add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
3. (2024·浙江卷) Of course, shops are not charities -- they price goods in the way _____ will make them the most money.
that/which
who
that
高考链接
4. (2024·全国甲卷) Yellowstone was the largest United States national park -- 2.2 million acres -- until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, ________ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
5.（2023全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
6.（2023全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
which
that/which
as
高考链接
8. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 　　　 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve
the health of the ecosystem in the area.
9. (2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 　　　　　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and
counties in three provinces.
10. (2022·浙江1月) Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics　　　　　 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
that
that/who
who
听歌识定从
Baby won't you tell me why there is sadness in your eyes
I don't wanna say goodbye to you
Love is one big illusion I should try to forget
But there is something left in my head
You're the one who set it up now you're the one to make it stop
I'm the one who's feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little thing you said
But there is something left in my head
I won't forget the way you're kissing
The feeling's so strong were lasting for so long
But I'm not the man your heart is missing
That's why you go away I know
You were never satisfied no matter how I tried
听歌识定从
Baby won't you tell me why there is sadness in your eyes
I don't wanna say goodbye to you
Love is one big illusion I should try to forget
But there is something left in my head
You're the one who set it up now you're the one to make it stop
I'm the one who's feeling lost right now
Now you want me to forget every little thing you said
But there is something left in my head
I won't forget the way you're kissing
The feeling's so strong were lasting for so long
But I'm not the man your heart is missing
That's why you go away I know
You were never satisfied no matter how I tried
Thank you！