专题1 名词 2025年中考英语总复习专题训练（安徽专版）（含解析）

专题一 名词
【图解语法】
【真题荟萃】
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1.(2024·安徽)—Art serves as a 　　　　between different nations.
—Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication.
A.river B.wall
C.palace D.bridge
( )2.(2023·安徽)The proper 　　　　of your spare time will make your life colorful.
A.date　B.use　C.name　D.cause
( )3.(2024·安徽)—I do morning exercises every day. It works my whole body.
—It's a good habit. It helps you keep in good 　　　　.
A.time B.touch
C.health D.silence
( )4.(2023·安徽)—Have you ever heard “A thousand-mile journey begins with the first 　　　　”
—Yes.It's a famous Chinese saying by Laozi.
A.class B.step C.break D.exam
( )5.(2022·安徽)—What do you think of your new house built by the local government
—Pretty good. I have a 　　　　of happiness now.
A.warning B.tradition
C.feeling D.question
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1.(2024·安徽)My teacher's words in the last lesson filled my h 　 (心) with warmth.
2.(2024·安徽)Every t 　 (学期) is a new beginning for all the students and teachers.
3.(2024·安徽)Jo had her first t 　 (品尝) of Anhui cuisine (Huicai) during her travel in Huangshan.
4.(2023·安徽)I've got into the h 　 (习惯) of reading Tang poems every morning.
5.(2023·安徽)Foreign g 　 (客人) will surely enjoy their stay in China during the 19th Asian Games.
6.(2024·安徽)May the whole world be full of p 　(和平), love and happiness.
7.(2023·安徽)Our success lies in working together as a t 　 (团队).
8.(2023·安徽)Everyone can be a h 　(英雄) in realizing the Chinese Dream.
【知识清单】
名词的分类
专有名词 Einstein, Beijing, CCTV, December, the Spring Festival, the Great Wall...
普通名词 可数 名词 个体 名词 book, kid, friend, scarf, sweater, boat, library...
集体 名词 people, class, family, police...
不可数 名词 物质 名词 beef, meat, wood, water, air, bread...
抽象 名词 wealth, honesty, love, ability, health...
复合名词 grandfather, blackboard, classroom, birthday, housework, newspaper...
名词的数
1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
一般情况直接加-s map/maps, Indian/Indians, book/books, pencil/pencils
以s、 x、 ch、 sh等结尾的单词加-es brush/brushes, church/churches,watch/watches, dish/dishes
以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-s; 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i, 再加-es story/stories, baby/babies, key/keys, city/cities, day/days
以f、fe 结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加-es half/halves, leaf/leaves, shelf/shelves, life/lives, wife/wives
以字母o结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的事物的名词,构成复数时加-es tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes, potato/potatoes
以字母o结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的事物的名词,构成复数时加-es tomato/tomatoes, hero/heroes, potato/potatoes
★以元音字母o结尾的名词变复数
　　名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。例如: hero/heroes、 tomato/tomatoes、 potato/potatoes、 zero/zeros或zeroes
★以f、fe结尾的名词变复数
　　以f、 fe结尾的名词,多数是将f、 fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆:
　　树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。例如: leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives
2.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish
把a改为e man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen
oo变ee式 tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese
词尾加-ren child/children
只有复 数形式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves
　　
man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 two women doctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。
★有些名词的单数与复数形式相同
单复数同形:中日鹿羊 Chinese、 Japanese、 deer、 sheep
★有关国籍的复数形式的构成(表示“某国人”的名词)
　　世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如: Chinese、Japanese、 Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen、Indian/Indians、 American/Americans、 German/Germans。
3.不可数名词的分类
食物 bread, meat, rice, food, salt, wheat, cheese, fish, chicken...
饮料 juice, milk, tea, water, cola, coffee...
自然物质 air, soil, sand, wood...
情感、概念 peace, love, friendship, joy, happiness, time, news, population, knowledge...
学科 Chinese, English, maths, physics, chemistry, politics, history...
国家、城市 等专有名词 China, England, Japan, Sydney...
　　不可数名词成员多,常用词语记心头。茶水牛奶兑橘汁,米肉面包和食品;作业家务工作忙,幸福时间钱财多。即tea、 water、 milk、 orange、 rice、 meat、 bread、 food、 homework、 housework、 work、 happiness、 time、 money。
4.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
名词 用作可数名词 用作不可数名词
fish 表示条数,单数复数形式相同 意为“鱼肉”
表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es
glass 意为“玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还意为“眼镜” 意为“玻璃”
名词 用作可数名词 用作不可数名词
orange 意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s 意为“橙汁;橙色”
room 意为“房间”,复数加-s 意为“余地;地方;空间”
paper 意为“文件;试卷; 报纸”,复数加-s 意为“纸”
work 意为“著作”,复数加-s 意为“工作”
chicken 意为“小鸡”,复数加-s 意为“鸡肉”
light 意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s 意为“光线”
名词所有格
有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat
有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾的加“'” the teachers' office
(2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework
表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌)
表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车)
表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk
复数加“'” ten minutes' walk
双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's
of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine
of+one's own a house of my own
【仿真作业】
【基础作业】
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1.(2024·福建改编)—I like the 　　　　in that restaurant near our school.
—Me, too. They have the best cooks in our town.
A.food B.service
C.environment D.menu
( )2.(2024·福建改编)It is a good 　　　　to do some reading before you go to bed every day.
A.habit B.excuse
C.hobby D.result
( )3.(2024·江西)I like acting and I'm in the 　　　　group at school.
A.theater B.chess
C.speech D.ping-pong
( )4.(2024·天津)Don't speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your 　　　　down.
A.body B.voice
C.interest D.service
( )5.(2024·湖北武汉)—Have you set a 　　　　on your new phone
—Certainly. I have to protect my personal information.
A.date B.lock
C.wallpaper D.language
( )6.(2024·甘肃临夏)Of all the 　　　　, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life.
A.seasons B.subjects
C.colors D.hobbies
( )7.(2024·甘肃白银)Linda is afraid of the dark. She even leaves the 　　　　on while sleeping.
A.screen B.radio
C.fan D.light
( )8.(2024·广西改编)Jimmy likes reading, so he often goes to the bookstore to buy some 　　　　.
A.rulers B.bags
C.books D.shirts
( )9.(2024·吉林改编)Tony turns off the shower to save 　　　　while he is washing his hair.
A.time B.paper
C.water D.food
( )10.(2024·吉林长春)My birthday 　　　　is a toy panda. It's from my grandma.
A.trip B.month
C.gift D.color
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1.(2024·甘肃临夏改编)It's important to think twice before we make a d 　 (决定).
2.(2024·甘肃临夏改编)There are many s 　 (绵羊) eating grass over there.
3.(2024·甘肃白银改编)China's Communist Youth League (中国共产主义青年团) has around 74.17 million m 　 (成员).
4.(2024·黑龙江龙东改编)Last winter holiday, we met some G 　(德国人) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much.
5.(2024·江苏苏州改编) It's important to learn from m 　 (错误) and become stronger.
6.(2024·江苏苏州改编) You need a good sense of b 　 (平衡) to ride a bicycle.
7.(2024·江苏扬州改编)Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its t 　(游客).
8.(2024·四川广安改编)Boys and girls, you'd better take off your j 　 (夹克). It's hot on the train.
9.(2024·四川达州改编)Many h 　 (英雄) lost their young lives for the long-lasting peace of our country.
10.(2024·四川广安改编)The green leaves start to turn gold, then brown in f 　 (秋天).
【提高作业】
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1.(2024·合肥二模)The road was crowded, so the policemen came to keep things in 　　　　.
A.danger B.time
C.order D.health
( )2.(2024·合肥三模)—Mom, I will try my best to enter my dream senior high school.
—You should stick to it, if you make a 　　　　.
A.promise B.way
C.deal D.mistake
( )3.(2024·合肥包河区一模)—How can I get along well with others
—Smiling is one of the simplest 　　　　to develop a new friendship.
A.standards B.results
C.scores D.methods
( )4.(2024·合肥庐江一模)—If every one of us gives help and love to others, our 　　　　will be a better place.
—I agree with you.
A.safety B.society
C.situation D.surface
( )5.(2024·合肥瑶海区一模)As teenagers, our main 　　　　is to do something useful for the society.
A.chance B.speech
C.aim D.mistake
( )6.(2024·滁州全椒一模)—I'm not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report.
—You should read some 　　　　about the book before writing.
A.reviews B.reasons
C.results D.records
( )7.(2024·安庆一模)—What kind of animals do you like best
—Pandas. That's because they're very cute and a 　　　　of China.
A.survey B.poem
C.symbol D.name
( )8.(2024·蚌埠二模)Frank is always full of 　　　　. He not only takes all kinds of activities at school, but also helps with housework at home.
A.fun B.pride
C.energy D.hope
( )9.(2024·合肥包河区二模)— My parents always tell me that I should try my best and move in the right 　　　　.
—Haha, that's what all parents hope. They are afraid we will take the wrong way.
A.address B.project
C.environment D.direction
( )10.(2024·安庆二模)—The development of the country can't be separated from heroes.
—I couldn't agree more. We should learn the 　　　　of heroes.
A.spirit B.chance
C.choice D.attention
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1.(2024·安庆二模)If you want to be successful, you should make an e 　 (努力).
2.(2024·合肥庐江二模)Lanzhou beef noodles, a kind of Chinese s 　 (样式) hand-pulled noodles, have a 100-year history.
3.(2024·蚌埠二模)Tina often speaks to the old people in a soft v 　 (声音).
4.(2024·芜湖二模)We wish our website may serve as a b 　 (桥梁) for you to understand us.
5.(2024·合肥庐江二模)Students should work together to complete school p 　(研究项目).
6.(2024·合肥二模)You have to believe in yourself. That's the s 　 (秘诀) to success.
7.(2024·滁州全椒一模)His brother's g 　(目标) of New Year is to get his driving license.
8.(2024·滁州全椒一模)Mr. Smith bought some l 　(锁) for his new house.
9.(2024·合肥瑶海区一模)We can give foreigners Chinese tea as a t 　 (招待) when they come to China.
10.(2024·芜湖二模)We all cheered with j 　 (高兴) when we heard Frank won the gold medal.
【素养作业】
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1. If we run six miles every morning, we'll be in very excellent 　　　　.
A.condition B.suggestion
C.tradition D.pollution
( )2.—Bob, could you help me buy some 　　　　in the supermarket for dinner
—OK, Mom.
A.tickets B.cabbages
C.clothes D.photos
( )3.—Online reading has many 　　　　. For example, it's possible for us to read at any time.
—I agree with you, but it is bad for our eyes.
A.agreements B.stories
C.magazines D.advantages
( )4.My son didn't find much useful　　　　 about his topic on that website, so he was sad.
A.time B.work
C.information D.money
( )5.Traditional Chinese Medicine is a great 　　　　for our nation.
A.treasure B.resolution
C.pleasure D.standard
( )6.—Where's Rose
—She left a　　　　 saying that she had to go home.
A.book B.message
C.song D.magazine
( )7.There are lots of 　　　　that students have to follow at school.
A.rules B.skills
C.problems D.reasons
( )8.—It's too hot! Let's buy some 　　　　to drink.
—Good idea.
A.food B.rice
C.bread D.water
( )9.—Kate, how far is your school from here
—It's about ten　　　　 walk.
A.minute B.minutes
C.minutes' D.minute's
( )10.Don't be afraid to ask for some 　　　　about ordering the meal.
A.suggestions B.gifts
C.signs D.accidents
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1.A saying goes, “W 　 (智慧) in the mind is better than money in the hand.”
2.The mother paid ￥10 for 4 b 　 (瓶子) of milk this morning for her children.
3.Mr. and Mrs. Li are old but healthy because they have good living h 　 (习惯).
4.Thesestudents have collected much information on the Internet before starting their r 　 (调查).
5.The kids are sitting around together in the playground and they are playing a favorite g 　(游戏) of theirs.
6.This is Tom's ID card and the n 　(编号) is 80170253.
7.There are three w 　 (工人) in the IT company. They are all Germans.
8.I feel a bit tired because I saw a two-hour f 　(电影) last night.
9.Chinese have the Tree Planting Day in s 　(春天). It falls on March 12th.
10.The development of s 　 (太空) industry has improved a lot in China.
【参考答案】
专题一　名词
真题精粹
Ⅰ.1.D　【思路点拨】考查名词词义辨析。river“河流”;wall“墙、城墙”;palace“王宫”;bridge“桥、桥梁”。根据对话语境可知,此处表达“艺术是不同国家之间(沟通)的桥梁”。
2.B　【思路点拨】考查名词词义辨析。date“日期”;use“使用”;name“姓名”;cause“原因”。根据选项可知,此处应该是合理利用空余时间,才会使得生活丰富多彩。
3.C　【思路点拨】考查名词词义辨析。time“时间”;touch“接触”;health“健康”;silence“安静”。根据句意可知,每天做早操是一个好习惯,因此这肯定能帮助保持身体健康。
4.B　【思路点拨】考查名词词义辨析。句意:——你听过“千里之行,始于足下”这句话吗 ——听过。这是老子说的一句著名的中国谚语。class“班级”;step“脚步”;break“休息”;exam“考试”。根据语境可知,此处应表示“千里的旅程从第一步开始”,即“成功始于第一步”。
5.C　【思路点拨】考查名词词义辨析。句意:——你认为当地政府为你建的新房子怎么样 ——很好。我现在有一种幸福的感觉。warning“警告”;tradition“传统”;feeling“情感”;question“问题”。根据答语“相当好”可知,“我”现在有一种“幸福感”。
Ⅱ.1.heart　2.term　3.taste　4.habit　5.guests
6.peace　7.team　8.hero
仿真作业
基础作业
Ⅰ.1~5　AAABB　6~10　ADCCC
Ⅱ.1.decision　2.sheep　3.members　4.Germans
5.mistakes　6.balance　7.tourists　8.jackets　9.heroes　10.fall
提升作业
Ⅰ.1~5　CADBC　6~10　ACCDA
Ⅱ.1.effort　2.style　3.voice　4.bridge　5.projects
6.secret　7.goal　8.locks　9.treat　10.joy
素养作业
Ⅰ.1~5　ABDCA　6~10　BADCA
Ⅱ.1.Wisdom　2.bottles　3.habits　4.research　5.game　6.number　7.workers　8.film　9.spring　10.space