专题5 动词和动词短语 2025年中考英语总复习专题训练（安徽专版）（含解析）

专题五 动词和动词短语
【图解语法】
【真题荟萃】
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1.(2024·安徽)With its famous mountains, lakes, and towns, Anhui has so much to 　　　　tourists.
A.guard B.offer
C.push D.cost
( )2.(2024·安徽)There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will 　　　　well in the end.
A.break up B.give up
C.set out D.turn out
( )3.(2023·安徽)Our team 　　　　what to do about the project and successfully completed it on time.
A.gave up B.worked out
C.turned down D.took away
( )4.(2024·安徽)—You can 　　　　between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.
—I consider going to the chess club, for I like playing chess better.
A.decide B.guess
C.hide D.wait
( )5.(2024·安徽)—Do you know the spacewoman Wang Yaping
—Sure. She is called the mother who 　　　　the stars.
A.gave out
B.put away
C.looked after
D.reached for
( )6.(2023·安徽)We should 　　　　the friendship that we have developed in the past years.
A.value B.change
C.make D.win
( )7.(2023·安徽)Every student is supposed to 　　　　a sporting activity for a healthy life.
A.come across B.put away
C.turn down D.take up
( )8.(2022·安徽)—Hi, Jill. I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma.
—Really Make sure the news is true before you 　　　　it.
A.receive B.spread
C.cancel D.hear
( )9.(2022·安徽)We are supposed to 　　　　smartphones and take more exercise instead.
A.take up B.put away
C.look into D.give out
( )10.(2019·安徽)—Hello, Beijing Hotel. Can I help you
—Yes, I'd like to 　　　　a single room for two nights.
A.enter B.move
C.book D.provide
( )11.(2019·安徽)—Shall we go to the airport to 　　　　your sister
—I don't think it's necessary. She will come here by taxi.
A.see off
B.pick up
C.look after
D.come across
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1.(2024·安徽)The Shenzhou-17 team h 　(交) over their work to the Shenzhou-18 team on April 30th.
2.(2023·安徽)I don't r 　(后悔)many things about my school days, for they are just part of my life.
3.(2024·安徽)I'm afraid I might lose my best friend, and I'll try to r 　 (修复) our relationship.
4.(2023·安徽)Lucy often v 　/v 　 (看望) her grandparents in her spare time.
5.(2022·安徽)Never c 　 (横穿) the street when the red light is on.
6.(2019·安徽)The engineers are going to t 　 (测试)the self-driving car in our city.
【知识清单】
常见易混动词辨析
1.注重动词词义的辨析,特别是同义动词的辨析。例如:
(1)accept和receive:accept意为“接受”,指主观上愿意接受;receive意为“收到”,指客观上收到或拿到(主观上不一定接受)。
(2)consider和regard:consider强调经过考虑后得出比较客观的看法。consider相当于think about,意为“考虑”,后接动名词,consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”;regard强调主观上的认为。
(3)beat和win:beat意为“打败”,后接表示人或球队的名词作宾语;win意为“赢;获胜”,用作及物动词时,后面接match、 game、 race等表示某种比赛的名词作宾语,表示“(在竞争、斗争或竞赛中)获胜”,而不接参加比赛的对手。win侧重于赢得比赛或比赛的名次或奖品。
(4)remind和remember:remind意为“提醒;使想起”,remind sb.表示“提醒某人”,remind sb. of sth./sb.表示“使某人想起某事/某人”, remind sb. to do sth.表示“提醒某人去做某事(动作尚未发生)”,remind sb.+that...表示“提醒某人……”;remember意为“记得;记住”,remember doing sth.表示“记得过去/曾经做过的事”(表明动作已完成),remember to do sth.表示“记住要去做某事”(表明动作还未做,尚未完成)。
(5)remain和stay:remain意为“停留;逗留”,可指人逗留在某个场所,也可指物被留在某个场所或保持原来的形状或状态;stay意为“停留;逗留”,它只表示人逗留在某个场所,不能用于物。
(6)take、 spend、 pay和 cost:take意为“花费”,多用来表示花费时间,其常用的句型为①“sth. take(s) (sb.) some time”;②“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”; spend意为“花费”,后接介词on或in, on后接名词,in 后接doing形式, in常省略,其常用的句型为①“sb. spend(s)+时间/金钱+on sth.”;②“sb. spend(s)+ 时间/金钱+(in) doing sth.”; pay意为“花费”,侧重于“付款;给……报酬”,它的主语只能是人,后面常与for连用,常用的句型为“sb. pay(s) some money for sth.”; cost多指“花费金钱;某物值多少钱”,cost无被动语态,常用的句型为①“sth. cost(s) sb. some money”;②“It costs sb. some money to do sth.”。
常见易混动词短语辨析
(一)同一动词+不同介词(副词)型
make短语 be made...的结构:“be made in+地点”,意为“在某地制造”;“be made by+人”,意为“由(被)某人制造”;“be made of+材料”(能看出原材料),意为“由某物制成”;“be made from+材料”(看不出原材料),意为“由某物制成”;be made to do sth.,意为“被迫去做某事”
含有make的短语:make sure务必,make friends with sb.和某人交朋友,make tea泡茶,make the bed铺床,make fun of取笑,make a living谋生,make a mistake犯错误,make up one's mind下定决心,make great progress取得很大的进步,make faces at sb.朝某人做鬼脸, make a decision做决定, make money赚钱, make room (for)...给……腾出地方,make one's way to...往……走去, make it 获得成功;准时到达,make sb. do sth.让或迫使某人做某事
turn短语 turn on打开(灯、自来水、家用电器等),turn off 关掉(灯、自来水、家用电器等),turn down 调低(音量);拒绝,turn up调高(音量);出现;露面;到场,turn into变成,turn over把……翻过来,turn out证明是;结果是,turn in上交
come短语 come along出现;快点,come back=be back回来,come down下来;下降;跌价,come from=be from来自,come on赶快;加油,come in进来,come out出来;出版,come over顺便来访,come true实现;达到,come up走过来;发生,come up with提出,come across(无意中)遇到
go短语 go for a walk 散步,go home回家,go on继续,go on with/go on doing sth. 继续做某事,go on to do sth.继续/接着做另一件事,go to school上学,go shopping/skating去购物/去滑冰,go to bed睡觉,go over复习,go to sleep去睡觉,go through通过;仔细查看,go back回去,go ahead 前进;进行,go in for参加;从事于,go up上升,go sightseeing去观光旅行,go out外出;到外面,go abroad出国
put短语 put away放好;收起来,put down放下;记下,put off推迟;拖延,put on穿上;演出,put out熄灭,put up张贴;建造;举起(手),put...into English把……译成英语
look短语 look at看,look after=take care of照顾;照看,look around 四处看看,look like看起来像,look the same看起来一样,look for寻找,look out=take care小心;留意;注意,look out of从……向外看,look up抬头看;仰视;查阅,look on...as把……看作,look over仔细检查,look forward to期待;期盼,have a look瞧一瞧,看一看(look是名词)
be短语 be able to能;会,be born in 出生于,be different from和……不同,be good at 在……方面(学得)好;擅长……,be good (bad) for对……有益(害),be fond of喜欢……,be in hospital 生病住院,be busy doing/with sth.忙于做某事,be afraid of 害怕……, be angry with对……生气,be amazed at对……感到惊奇,be covered with/by被……覆盖,be excited about对……感到兴奋,be famous for 以……闻名,be famous as作为……而闻名,be fed up with对……感到厌恶,be full of充满……,be interested in对……感兴趣,be late for迟到,be satisfied/pleased with对……感到满意,be proud of以……而自豪,be used for被用作,be ready to do sth.准备做某事,be ready for为……做准备
take短语 take a walk 散步,take away 拿走;夺去,take a train (a bus) 乘火车(公共汽车),take good care of (相当于look after...well) 好好照料,take down 取下,take exercise 运动,take off 脱去(衣帽等);(飞机)起飞,take out 拿出;取出,take one's time不急;慢慢来,take turns 替换;轮流,take one's temperature 量体温,take a picture (photo) 照相,take a rest 休息一下,take medicine 吃药,take an active part in积极参加,take a seat就座;坐下,take a message捎口信,take charge of 负责;掌管,take hold of抓住,take the place of代替,take place发生,take up占据
keep短语 keep (on) doing sth.继续做某事,keep away from避开;不接近, keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事,keep out挡住,keep off 不接近;让开,keep to遵守;信守,keep up维持,keep up with sb./sth.跟上某人/某物
think短语 think of想到;想起;考虑到,think about考虑,think over仔细考虑,think through全面考虑,think out想出;想清楚
(二)不同动词+同一介词(副词)型
含有for的短语 look for, make room for, be famous/well-known for, send for, be late for, be/get ready for, prepare for, take a message for, pay for, have sth. for breakfast/lunch/supper, stand for, buy sth. for, be good for, ask for, leave for, wait for, answer for, be used for, care for
含有at的短语 be good at, work hard at, knock at, laugh at, fire at, point at, aim at, shout at, throw...at..., be angry at, be surprised at, be poor at, arrive at, look at, be amazed at
含有away的短语 be away, go away, get away, wash away, put away, throw away, take away, keep away
含有on的短语 call on, rely on, decide on, come on, get on, go on, go on with sth., get on with, turn on, walk on, try on, depend on, put on, look on...as, spend...on..., hold on
感官动词
感官动词 用法 例句
look 意为“看起来;看上去”,表示通过视觉来判断事物。look一般不能接名词作表语,如需要接名词作表语,则用look like结构,like是介词 You look so excited. 你看起来很兴奋。 —What does the toy look like 那个玩具看上去像什么 —It looks like a chicken. 它看上去像一只小鸡。
sound 意为“听起来”,指通过听觉来判断事物。sound也可与介词like搭配 Her voice sounds sweet. 她的嗓音听起来很甜美。 You don't sound like a foreigner speaking English. 你说英语听起来不像外国人。
feel 意为“感觉;摸起来”,指通过内心感受或通过触觉来判断事物 This woolen sweater feels soft. 这件羊毛衫摸起来很柔软。
taste 意为“尝;品尝”,指通过味觉来判断事物 The apples taste sweet. 这些苹果尝起来很甜。
smell 意为“闻”,指通过嗅觉来判断事物 These flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
注:这些感官动词没有被动语态,通常用主动形式表达被动含义。
【仿真作业】
【基础作业】
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1.(2024·甘肃临夏)We are supposed to 　　　　the lights when we leave the room.
A.turn down B.turn up
C.turn off D.turn on
( )2.(2024·广西改编)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen
—It 　　　　really good. I'd like to drink more.
A.tastes B.feels
C.sounds D.looks
( )3.(2024·甘肃白银)My grandpa decided to 　　　　smoking for his health.
A.give away B.give out
C.give back D.give up
( )4.(2024·广西改编)You should 　　　　your car slowly when passing by a school.
A.drive B.clean
C.repair D.carry
( )5.(2024·甘肃临夏)It's necessary for us to learn to 　　　　time and make good use of every minute.
A.spend B.value
C.record D.waste
( )6.(2024·广西改编) —Dad, let's 　　　　early to do exercise tomorrow morning.
—OK, no problem.
A.look up B.get up
C.give up D.set up
( )7.(2024·黑龙江龙东改编)—The book is worth reading. How long may I 　　　　it
—For a week.
A.keep B.borrow
C.lend D.take
( )8.(2024·吉林改编)Tina can 　　　　her bedroom by herself. She doesn't need her parents' help.
A.get up B.clean up
C.cut up D.put up
( )9.(2024·吉林长春)—Mom, could I 　　　　the TV I want to watch the news about space.
—Of course. And don't sit too close.
A.turn on B.turn off
C.put on D.put off
( )10.(2024·江苏连云港)The movie Chang An 　　　　China's rich history and culture to people around the world.
A.protects B.compares
C.introduces D.discovers
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1.(2024·江苏苏州改编)Tiger Hill c 　 (覆盖) an area of about 14,100 square metres and is 36 metres high.
2.(2024·江苏苏州改编)As the host city, Suzhou will m 　 (设法做到) to make the 2026 ISF Football World Cup a great success.
3.(2024·四川广安改编)My sister Tina often c 　 (收集) litter with some volunteers in the park.
4.(2024·江苏扬州改编)Elena d 　(放下) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out of the window.
5.(2024·四川宜宾改编)Make sure you w 　 (洗) your hands before having dinner.
6.(2024·四川眉山改编)Look at the CDs here. I p 　(较喜欢) folk music to pop music.
7.(2024·四川广安改编) Adam has just r 　 (拒绝) to play football with them because he's busy with his final exam.
8.(2024·江苏苏州改编)Stop p 　 (推) others and just wait for your turn.
9.(2024·四川雅安改编)John likes to f 　 (喂) cows on his uncle's farm on weekends.
10.(2024·甘肃白银改编)The Internet can be a u 　 (有用的) tool, but don't let it take up all of your time.
【提高作业】
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1.(2024·安庆二模)—Your room looks pretty tidy.
—Thanks. I always 　　　　my things after I use them.
A.take away B.put away
C.go away D.throw away
( )2.(2024·合肥二模)It's useful to 　　　　the latest technology into schools.
A.change B.break
C.introduce D.divide
( )3.(2024·安庆一模)—We should 　　　　rubbish into different groups to protect the environment.
—I can't agree more. Let's look through the Internet to learn how to do that.
A.control B.support
C.translate D.divide
( )4.(2024·蚌埠二模)—Are you going to wear the pink dress to the party
—No, it doesn't fit me any more. I've　　　　 3 kilos this year.
A.turned on B.got up
C.put on D.taken up
( )5.(2024·安庆二模)—Nature teaches us a lot to solve problems.
—Yeah. Scientists advise us to 　　　　our way of travelling to protect nature.
A.reduce B.touch
C.prefer D.improve
( )6.(2024·合肥瑶海区二模)The Huangmei Opera Tao Xingzhi　　　　people in Anqing with a chance to learn his achievements in education.
A.compares B.guards
C.provides D.protects
( )7.(2024·合肥二模)It is said that the photos can 　　　　many happy memories to adults.
A.turn down B.come down
C.put back D.bring back
( )8.(2024·芜湖一模)Research has shown that volunteering 　　　　our happiness. Let's start it at once!
A.explains B.counts
C.increases D.doubts
( )9.(2024·合肥包河区三模)—I heard that Taylor Swift would sing at the New Theatre next week.
—Really Where did you 　　　　the news
A.pick up B.make up
C.take up D.set up
( )10.(2024·合肥二模)—I was nervous before the speech, but I did it finally.
—You 　　　　your fear successfully.
A.used up B.got over
C.tried out D.waited for
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1.(2024·安庆二模)In order to save time, we should get everything ready before p 　 (打包).
2.(2024·合肥二模)We won't r 　 (后悔) if we make a decision.
3.(2024·合肥庐江一模)Our teachers always w 　 (告诫) us not to swim alone, especially in summer.
4.(2024·芜湖二模)This project will s 　 (服务) as a bridge for communication between the two countries.
5.(2024·蚌埠二模)We should learn how to m 　 (做标记) a book wisely while reading.
【素养作业】
Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1.Thoughwe have few chances, we can't 　　　　hopes.
A.make up B.give up
C.talk about D.share with
( )2.—Harry never gives in when facing problems.
—So he does. It seems nothing can 　　　　his strong will in life.
A.train B.express
C.cause D.break
( )3.Middle school days will be over soon and it's hard to 　　　　our dear teachers and classmates.
A.believe in B.pick up
C.separate from D.look after
( )4.It'seasy to get lost in a new city, so it's important to 　　　　a map with you before you set out.
A.take B.show
C.sell D.publish
( )5.—What do you think we should do to make our school cleaner
—It's necessary to 　　　　rubbish and put it into the proper bin.
A.cut up B.pick up
C.put up D.mix up
( )6.Thegovernment plans to 　　　　a more enjoyable and comfortable living environment for the people in the countryside.
A.notice B.create
C.leave D.reach
( )7.—Doing sports is good for our health.
—So we'd better 　　　　smartphones and take more exercise from now on.
A.put away B.clear away
C.give away D.go away
( )8.Many people prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always 　　　　guests with better service.
A.require B.protect
C.produce D.provide
( )9.—That's a beautiful cat. I wonder who it 　　　　.
—It might be the Browns', but I'm not sure.
A.looks for B.belongs to
C.depends on D.comes from
( )10.Earth Hour could 　　　　people to protect the environment and deal with climate (气候) change.
A.trust B.spread
C.question D.lead
( )11.Youtwo are close friends. Please do not 　　　　each other over such small things.
A.worry about B.talk with
C.care about D.argue with
Ⅱ.单词拼写
1.We should c 　(完成) this task as soon as possible.
2.The cup d 　(掉落)and the noise woke everybody up.
3.The happiest thing for Henry now is that his grandson always d 　 (画) for him.
4.Many students would like to s 　(分担)the housework with their family.
5.When seeing the tiger, they j 　 (跳) back into the car and drove off.
6.The firemen were too tired to n 　 (注意) how hungry and thirsty they were.
7.I c 　 (取消) the order because my mother said I had too many shirts.
8.Jane lifted the box up and r 　(冲)out of the office.
9.My mother t 　 (任教) in a local school and all the students love her.
10.It's nice to have friends to t 　 (交谈) with.
【参考答案】
专题五　动词和动词短语
真题精粹
1.B　【思路点拨】考查动词词义辨析。句意:因其著名的山川、湖泊和城镇,安徽拥有如此多的(资源)提供给游客。guard“守卫”;offer“提供”;push“推进;按”;cost“花费”。根据语境可知,此处表示“提供”。故选B。
2.D　【思路点拨】考查动词短语辨析。句意:(事情)一开始可能会有一些麻烦,但是事情的最终结果将会是好的。break up“结束;打碎”;give up“放弃”;set out“出发”;turn out“结果是”。根据语境可知,此处表示“结果是”。故选D。
3.B　【思路点拨】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们的队伍解决了有关这个项目该做的事情,并准时成功地完成了它。give up“放弃”;work out“解决”;turn down“拒绝”;take away“拿走”。根据语境可知,此处表示“解决”。故选B。
4.A　【思路点拨】考查动词词义辨析。句意:——你可以在加入舞蹈俱乐部和去国际象棋俱乐部之间做决定。——我考虑去国际象棋俱乐部,因为我更喜欢下国际象棋。decide “决定”;guess “猜测”;hide “隐藏”;wait “等待”。根据语境可知,此处表示在两者之间做“决定”。故选A。
5.D　【思路点拨】考查动词短语辨析。句意:——你知道女航天员王亚平吗 ——当然。她被称为摘星星的妈妈。give out“释放;分发”;put away“把……放好”;look after“照顾”;reach for“伸手去取”。根据语境可知,此处表示“摘星星”的妈妈。故选D。
6.A　【思路点拨】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们应该珍惜我们在过去几年发展起来的友谊。value“珍惜”;change“改变”;make“制造”;win“赢”。根据语境可知,此处表示“珍惜”友谊。故选A。
7.D　【思路点拨】考查动词短语辨析。句意:为了健康的生活,每个学生都应该参加一项体育活动。 come across“偶然遇见”;put away“把……放好”;turn down“调低;拒绝”;take up“开始从事;占据”。根据语境可知,此处表示“从事或参加”体育活动。故选D。
8.B　【思路点拨】考查动词词义辨析。句意:——Jill,你好。我想跟你分享最新的有关珠穆朗玛峰高度的新闻。——真的吗 在你传播它之前,确保新闻是真的。receive“收到”;spread“传播”;cancel“取消”;hear“听到”。根据句意可知,新闻在传播之前要确保真实。故选B。
9.B　【思路点拨】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们应该收起智能手机,多做运动。take up“开始从事;占据”;put away“把……放好”;look into“调查”;give out“释放;分发”。根据句意可知,多做运动就必须把手机收起来。故选B。
10.C　【思路点拨】考查动词词义辨析。句意:——你好,(这是)北京旅馆。我能帮你吗 ——是的,我想预订一个单人间,住两晚。enter“进入”;move“搬到”;book“预订”;provide“提供”。根据语境可知,这是关于预订房间的对话。故选C。
11.B　【思路点拨】考查动词短语辨析。句意:——我们需要去机场接你妹妹吗 ——我认为没必要。她会乘出租车过来。see off“送别”;pick up“拾起;接送”;look after“照看”;come across“偶然遇见”。根据答语的后一句可知,答者的妹妹会乘出租车过来。由此推知,问者问的是是否要去机场接答者的妹妹。故选B。
Ⅱ.1.handed　2.regret　3.repair　4.visits　visited
5.cross　6.test
仿真作业
基础作业
Ⅰ.1~5　CADAB　6~10　BABAC
Ⅱ.1.covers　2.manage　3.collects　4.dropped　5.wash　6.prefer　7.refused　8.pushing　9.feed　10.useful
提升作业
Ⅰ.1~5　BCDCD　6~10　CDCAB
Ⅱ.1.packing　2.regret　3.warn　4.serve　5.mark
素养作业
Ⅰ.1~5　BDCAB　6~11　BADBDD
Ⅱ.1.complete　2.dropped　3.draws　4.share
5.jumped　6.notice　7.canceled　8.rushed　9.teaches　10.talk