专题10 主谓一致和There be句型 2025年中考英语总复习专题训练（安徽专版）（含解析）

专题十 主谓一致和There be句型
【图解语法】
【真题荟萃】
单词拼写
1.(2024·安徽)The Internet o 　 (提供) special ways of communication in our daily life.
2.(2023·安徽)Lucy often v 　/v 　 (看望) her grandparents in her spare time.
3.(2022·安徽)When the sun goes down, the s 　 (星星) come out.
【知识清单】
主谓一致
主谓一致通常包括三原则:1.就近一致原则;2.意义一致原则;3.语法一致原则。
就近一致原则:谓语的单、复数取决于离谓语最近的主语的单、复数形式。
由either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等词连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数与邻近的主语保持一致。如:
Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不对。
Not only you but also I was invited. 不仅你还有我也被邀请了。
意义一致原则:主、谓语在意义上保持一致。
1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度等的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡有二十年了。
Ten dollars is enough. 十美元足够了。
2.以s结尾的名词(news,maths,physics)本身不表示复数意义时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:
I don't think the news in the newspaper is true. 我认为报纸上的这条消息不是真的。
Maths is very hard. 数学是很难的。
3.“the+形容词”表示一类人(the poor,the rich,the old,the young...)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The old are taken good care of in this area. 这个地区的老人被照顾得很好。
4.family、class、team、group等集体名词作主语时,若指一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若指具体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Class 5 is the best class in this school. 五班是这所学校最好的班。(整体)
Class 5 are the winners. 五班的学生们是胜利者。(具体成员)
5.“a number of...”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; “the number of...”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The number of the students in our class is 50. 我们班学生的数量是五十。
A number of players are from Japan. 一些运动员来自日本。
6.当主语是同位语时,谓语动词要根据同位语的单复数来确定;但用连词and连接的主语是复数。如:
Mr.Wang, my maths teacher, is forty years old. 王老师,也就是我的数学老师,40岁了。
7.all、some、none、most、any、the rest、分数或百分数等代词作主语时,若指复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式;若指单数概念,则谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Some of the work is done by me. 一些工作是由我做的。
Some of the students study hard. 一些学生学习很努力。
8.由and连接的并列主语,如果描述同一个人或同一种事物时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如:
There is a knife and fork on the table. 桌上有一副刀叉。
The writer and singer has come to our school.那位作家兼歌手来到了我们学校。
语法一致原则:主、谓语在语法形式上保持一致。
1.主语后有with/together with/as well as/without/including/besides/except/but等引导的内容作插入语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语一致,而与插入语无关。如:
Mary with her mother is shopping now. Mary正和她妈妈一起购物。
All the students, including Tom, are going to the park. 所有的学生包括Tom在内都要去公园。
2.非谓语动词(不定式、动名词等)短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。如:
Doing a lot of practice is a good way to improve your English. 做大量练习是提高你英语的好方法。
What I need is a good book. 我需要的是一本好书。
3.不定代词something、anything、nothing、everyone、anybody、nobody、each、neither、either、little、much、one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Someone is waiting for you. 有人在等你。
Neither of the answers is right. 两个答案都不对。
4.名词shoes、glasses、trousers等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数形式。但是,如果这些名词被a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词需用单数形式。如:
The shoes are under the bed. 鞋子在床下面。
A pair of shoes is under the bed.床下面有一双鞋子。
5.在定语从句中,关系代词that、who、which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。如:
This is the boy who wants to see you. 这是想要见你的男孩。
The boys who are playing football there are my best friends. 正在那儿踢足球的那些男生是我最好的朋友。
There be句型
　　There be句型(又称存现句),其基本结构为“there be+人或物+地点或时间”;其中,there 是一个引导词,没有具体实际词义,be是谓语动词,人或物才是这个句型的主语,地点或时间在句中作状语。在这个句型中,there be的意思是“有”,表示一种存在。另外,在该结构中,有时不用be动词,可用live/stand/lie等动词替换。在备考复习时,需着重掌握以下2点:
1.四种时态结构:
　　
在上述四种时态结构中,be均不能被have/has代替。
2.主谓一致:当主语是一系列事物时,谓语与邻近的主语保持一致,即“就近原则”。如:
There is a table and two chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。
There are two chairs and a table in the room. 房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。
【仿真作业】
【基础作业】
单项填空
( )1.(2024·甘肃白银)—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There 　　　　heavy rain this afternoon.
—Don't worry, Mom. I'll bring it to him.
A.was B.has been
C.are D.will be
( )2.(2024·黑龙江绥化改编)In China, a number of birthday persons have cakes with candles. The number of candles 　　　　the person's age.
A.are B.is C.have D.has
( )3.(2024·吉林长春)—There 　　　　many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best
—Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
A.are B.is
C.were D.was
( )4.(2024·黑龙江绥化改编)Look! There 　　　　some information about traffic rules in this book.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
( )5.(2024·甘肃白银)Linda prefers musicians who 　　　　different kinds of music.
A.play B.plays
C.was playing D.is playing
【提高作业】
单项填空
( )1.Some of the work 　　　　done by me last month.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
( )2.There 　　　　a concert in our school hall next week.
A.is B.was
C.will be D.will have
( )3.There　　　　 something wrong with my mobile phone. It doesn't work these days.
A.must be B.am
C.are D.will be
( )4.—NeitherLily nor her parents　　　　outdoors when the rainstorm came.
—How lucky they were!
A.was B.were
C.are D.is
( )5.—Hurry up, Jason! We're going to the cinema, but the clothes still need washing.
—Don't worry. I think thirty minutes 　　　　enough.
A.am B.were C.was D.is
【素养作业】
单项填空
( )1.—Sir, how many bananas do you need
—Three kilos of bananas 　　　　OK.
A.are B.were
C.is D.was
( )2.Now the number of people in my city 　　　　more than one million.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
( )3.—Using serving chopsticks 　　　　necessary when we eat with others.
—That's right.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
( )4.There　　　　many modern high-speed railways in Anhui and they help people travel easily.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
( )5.There 　　　　a new road in my town next year.
A.are going to have
B.will have
C.is going to have
D.is going to be
【参考答案】
专题十　主谓一致和There be句型
真题精粹
1.offers　2.visits　visited　3.stars
仿真作业
基础作业
1~5　DBAAA
提升作业
1~5　CCABD
素养作业
1~5　AAABD