人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions 课件（共22张）

(共22张PPT)
Unit 1
Science and Scientists
Words and expressions
words family
1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；
2．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊丧；使沮丧→frustrating adj.令人沮丧的→frustration n．懊丧；懊恼
3．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染性的；有感染力的
4．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscription n．订阅；同意→subscriber n．订阅者；订户；认购人
5．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明；证明是
6．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；繁殖
8．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……洁净
9．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substance n．物质；物品；
10．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→transformation n．(彻底的)变化；转变；变革→transformative adj.有改革能力的，起改造作用的
12．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.起初；最初→initiate vt.开始实施；发起
13．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；→mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工
14．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defence/defense n．防御；保卫
words family
15．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
16．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能→leader n．领导→lead v．引路；引领；导致；处于领先地位
17．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋；天资
18．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地；稳步地
19．astronomer n．天文学家→astronomy n．天文学
20．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv. 生动地
words family
1．It never rains but it pours. (雨)倾盆而下
2．There is solid evidence to show he wasn’t there when the crime took place.可靠的
3．(读后续写之情绪描写)My heart was pumping with extreme excitement.快速运动
熟词生义
The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter. B
(2021·新课标Ⅰ) There are plenty of other benefits，too；it doesn’t charge city tax；it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms；it also has free Wi-Fi in every room. D
The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company. A
The kind-hearted mechanic helped charge my phone. E
Seeing her mother，the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly. C
charge
A.控告　B.负责　C.向……冲去　D.收费　E.给……充电
1．(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Bernard excitedly subscribed to John’s idea of making popcorn to earn some money. B
2．It was the outstanding astronomer who always subscribed to our school，for which we were sincerely grateful. C
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free. A
熟词生义
subscribe to
A.订阅　B.赞成；同意　C.捐助
In the early 19th century，an outbreak of cholera hit Europe,1._______ (cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this，John Snow became 2.__________(frustrate) because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time，doctors 3.____(have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Consequently，when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854，John Snow discovered that in two particular streets 4.___ cholera outbreak was so severe that over 500 people died in ten days.He was determined 5._______ (find) out why.Through his serious investigation，he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 6.____ resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore，he had the handle of the pump 7._______ (remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks.
causing
frustrated
had
the
to find
that
removed
Fill in the following blanks with suitable words.
It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 8._________________(infect) by waste.Moreover，Snow was later able to show a link 9._______ other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Through Snow’s tireless efforts，water companies began to sell clean water，and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.10.___________(fortunate)，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow.
had been infected
between
Fortunately
Fill in the following blanks with suitable words.
1　
until引的时间状语从句
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. (P2 Para.1)
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
结构分析：此句是复合句。until在句中引导时间状语从句；how引导的从句作动词showed的宾语；过去分词feared作定语，修饰名词diseases；John Snow是a British doctor的同位语。
若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句
的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋助动词/情态
动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。
强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
(1)(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)我们一直与这只凶猛的熊作斗争，直到一些好心的人冲过来帮助我们对付它，我们才松了一口气。
We some kind people rushed to help us handle it and we sighed in relief.
kept fighting with the fierce bear until
(2)(读后续写之后悔心理描写)直到在森林里迷了路，简才发出一声后悔的喊叫。
①Jane didn’t let out a cry of regret .
② Jane let out a cry of regret.(用倒装句改写)
③ Jane let out a cry of regret.(用强调句改写)
until she got lost in the forest
Not until she got lost in the forest did
It was not until she got lost in the forest that
2　
疑问词＋不定式
As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. (P2 Para.1)
由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。
结构分析：此句是复合句，because引导原因状语从句；“疑问词how＋动词不定式短语”作动词knew的宾语。
Fortunately，we now know how to prevent cholera，thanks to the work of John Snow. (P3 Para.5)
幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。
结构分析：此句是简单句，how to prevent cholera是“疑问词＋to do”结构，在句中作动词know的宾语。
“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等句
子成分。
在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式；
用于该结构的常见疑问词有who，what，which，how，when，where等。
注意：whether后可接不定式，而if后不可以。
(1)(2023·北京，书面表达)得知你不知道如何组织以“绿色北京”为主题的俱乐部活动，我写信给你提供一些实用的建议。
Learning that you ______________________________________________
________ with the theme of “Green Beijing”，I am writing to offer some practical suggestions.
(2) (2022·浙江1月，读后续写)脸上带着鼓励的微笑，我的搭档耐心地说：“最重要的是下一步做什么。能否得一等奖取决于我们的周密计划。”
My partner said patiently，casting an encouraging smile，“The most important is . depends on our careful plans.”
have no idea/don’t know how to organize the club
activity
what to do next
Whether to win first prize
(3)我们正在就何时何地为我们敬爱的英语老师举办惊喜派对而展开激烈的争论。
We are having a heated debate on _________________________________
_______ for our beloved English teacher.
when and where to hold a surprise
party
1.过去常常做某事 ______________
2.死于 ____________
3.变得沮丧 __________________
4.及时；迟早 ________
5.照料，处理 _________
6.生孩子 __________
7.通常，一般来说 __________
used to do sth
die from/of
become frustrated
in time
attend to
give birth
in general
课文重点词块默写
8.多于；不仅仅；非常 ___________
9.决心做某事 _______________________
10.发现；查明；弄清 _________
11.由于这个证据 ________________________
12.很可能做某事 _________________
13.通过某人不懈的努力 ___________________________
more than
be determined to do sth
find out
as a result of this evidence
be likely to do sth
through one’s tireless efforts
课文重点词块默写
单句语法填空
1.To be honest，it was Su Hua’s fault but Li Jiang was also ____________
(blame).
2.The physician didn’t know how to attend ___ such a terrible problem.
3.The mechanic was suspected ___ stealing money from that apartment，so he was charged and arrested.
4.The astronomer’s reason for subscribing ___ New Scientist is to keep pace of advances in science.
to blame
to
of
to
完成句子
1.______________________________________，I can now speak English fluently.
多亏我英语老师的指导，现在我能够流利地说英语了。
2.____________________ she roared，“Who on earth did it？”(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)(倒装句)
她是如此生气以至于她怒吼道，“到底是谁干的？”
3.Taking part in various activities can ______________________________.
(have sth done)
参加各种各样的活动可以开阔你的视野。
Thanks to my English teacher’s guidance
So angry was she that
have your horizons broadened
4.______________________________ with the theme of “Glory of Labor”
____________________ what labor means.(倒装句)(2019·北京，书面表达)
直到我参加了主题为“劳动最光荣”的活动我才真正理解了劳动的真谛。
Not until I took part in the activity
did I truly understand