人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 知识点 课件(共36张PPT)

(共36张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural disasters
Reading and thinking 2
02
01
语言能力
学习能力
了解并能正确描述唐山大地震的基本信息。
掌握报告文学的特点、能分析文章结构、了解修辞手法(repetition反复、拟人persinification、meterphor暗喻、simile明喻)及根据上下文猜测词义。
03
思维品质
通过感受灾难面前人们相互支援的人道主义精神和人类面对灾难不屈不挠的精神，思考人与社会、人与自然之间的关系。
Mind map
The world were coming to
an
end
time
damage
dead or injured people
people’s suffering
3:42 a.m.
everything began to shake
loss
caused damages more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing
one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century
severity
crack
rocks
city
8 kilometers long and 30 meters wide
cut across houses, roads and waterways
result
became rivers of dirt
lay in ruins
children
number
left without parents
400,000
two thirds of the people who lived there
地震的威力及其影响
Careful reading
Para. 3
Part2(P2--3)：during the earthquake
damage
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.
2mins
1. Find topic sentence.
2. What does“its”refer to
3. What does the word“bricks”mean
n. 废墟；毁灭 Vt.毁灭；使破产
指代关系：上溯1-2句
A. a kind of wood used for building walls, houses, etc.
B. a kind of grass used for building walls, houses, etc.
C. a hard block(块) of baked clay used for building walls, houses, etc.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing_1___ ruins. Nearly everything in the city_______2_______(destroy) . About 75 percent of the city’s___3____（ factory) and buildings, 90 percent of__4_(it) homes, and all of its hospitals were__5__(go). Bricks covered the ground like red autumn___6___(leaf) , but no wind could blow them away
but
was destroyed
factories
its
gone
leaves
nothing but “只有；只不过；仅仅”.
there be nothing to do but do “除了做......无事可做”.
almost
destroy---destruction--destructive
adj.不复存在；一去不复返
吹走；刮走
survive----survivor
simile明喻
1. Everywhere survivors looked, there was
nothing in ruins.
地点状语
There be句型
返回
2.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves ,
but no wind could blow them away.
blow away them
返回
主
谓
宾
状
主
谓
宾
1. Everywhere survivors looked,there was nothing but ruins.
【语法】 everywhere作_____，意为_________，引导__________
[仿写] 无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。
__________________________________________
【句型】there was nothing but…__________________________________, but是________, 表示____________________.
2. About 75 percent of the city’s factorand buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone.
【分析】本句是一个_____________(简单/复杂)句，其主语为______________________________________________________________________________.
除了…之外，什么都没有
连词
无论哪里
地点状语从句
Everywhere she goes，she receives a warm welcome.
介词
除…之外
简单
About 75 percent of the city’s factorand buildings
90 percent of its homes
all of its hospitals
1._____________n.电；电能
2. _______vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱
3.___________vt.埋葬；安葬4.____________vi.&vt.呼吸
5.____________vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒6.____________n.振兴；复苏
7.___________n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力8.___________vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体 9._______________n.智慧；才智
electricity
trap
bury
breathe
revive
revival
effort
unify
wisdom
拼读单词
利用思维导图复述文章:2min
Most bridges had fallen or were not safe_____1___(cross) . The railway tracks were now___2__(use) pieces of metal. Tens of thousands_3_ cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were___4__(die) . Sand now filled the wells instead__5__ water. People were in shock—and then,later that afternoon，another big quake___6__(shake) Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water,food,and electricity were hard ___7__(get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
to cross
useless
of
dead
of
shook
to get
use--useful---useless
adj.死去的；枯萎的；deadly adj.致命的； dying垂死的
rather than
震惊；吃惊be shocked at/by--shocking
shake---shook---shaken
主
系
表
除了…之外，什么都没有：
不复存在；（人）离开了：
把…吹走/驱散：
铁路轨道：
废金属块：
数万个/头…:
数十万个/头/只：
数百万个/头/只：
代替；作为…的替换：
震惊；吃惊：
倒塌；跌倒：
开始疑惑：
课文短语 ～第三段
there was nothing but…
be gone
blow… away
railway tracks
useless pieces of mental
tens of thousands of…
hundreds of thousands of
millions of
instead of…
in shock
fall down
begin to wonder
rather than
fall--fell-- fallen
use--useful--useless
there be nothing to do but do
“除了做......无事可做”.
3. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.
4. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
【句型】上面两个句子都使用了主语+be +________________________句型，其中不定式用_________形式表示_________意义。
【练习】这本书很难理解。
_____________________________________________________________________________
adj.+ to do 不定式
主动
被动
长难句分析
The book is difficult to understand.
It is difficult to understand the book.
5. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead.
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
one hundred
one thousand
ten thousand
one hundred thousand
one million
数字表达法：具体数字两无，无s无of, 模糊数字两有，有s有of
数 以 … 计
thousands of
hundreds of
tens of thousands of
hundreds of thousands of
millions of
1. It seemed as if the world____________________!
2. Hard hills of rock___________________.
3. Bricks covered the ground____________________.
No wind, however, could blow them away.
were coming to an end
became rivers of dirt
like red autumn leaves
Can you find sentences that show the extreme damage of the earthquake
exaggeration(夸张)
metaphor
(隐喻)
simile(明喻)
Figure of speech(修辞)
People felt___________ .
frightened
shocked
helpless
hopeless
heartbroken…
to make the description vivid(生动的) and impressive.
earlier
buildings
transport
gone
factories and buildings
bridges
fallen
railway tracks
useless pieces of metals
dead
cows
necessity
most buildings
hard to get
food
water
electricity
fell down
pigs
chickens
tens of thousands of
hundreds of thousands of
millions of
not safe to cross
75 percent
homes
90 percent
hospitals
all
like red autumn leaves
but
no wind could blow them away
Mind map
There was nothing
but ruins
bricks
animals
later that afternoon
People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
hopeless
Attitude
地震惨状及余震
If winnter comes,can spring be far behind
——Shelley
如果冬天来临，春天还会远吗？
—— 雪莱
1.”All hope was not lost.”
A. None of the hope was lost.
B. There was no hope at all.
C. Not all hope was lost
2. “The city began to breathe again.”
A. Slowly, the wind began to blow in the city.
B. Slowly, the people in the city began to breathe.
C. Slowly, the city began to come to life.
Read Para.4and choose the right answer.
Careful reading
Careful reading
Part3(P4--5)：after the earthquake
rescue&revival
Para. 4
1. How did the city begin to breathe
2. Who came to this city
hopeful
Hope was not lost !
attitude
The army...
Doctors and nurses...
Workers...
But hope was
not
lost.
Soldiers
Doctor & nurses
Workers
dig out the trapped/bury the dead
hopeful
Supporting details
Para. 4
Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
personification
To make the language vivid and expressive; To resonate with readers
provide medical services
build shelters for survivors
result
rescue
The night the earth didn’t sleep
Attitude
Why
A series of actions bring hope to the earthquake-stricken areas
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes，the army___1____ (send) 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who____2_____ (trap) and ___3____(bury) the dead. More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide____4____( medcine) care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes_____5_____________ (destroy). Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food______6____ (bring) into the city by train, truck, and plane.____7_____( slow)，the city began to breathe again.
sent
were trapped
to bury
medical
had been destroyed
were brought
Slowly
挖出 dig-dug-dug
1.语法填空 2.找出定语从句
时间状语
主
谓
宾
地点状语
目的状语
定语从句
医疗护理
定语从句
数十万
personification
目的状语
the+形容词表示一类人
主
谓
宾
trap
v. be trapped in... 困/陷在....中
be trapped by... 被....困住
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做....
n.（捕捉动物的）陷阱；圈套；（难以逃脱的）困境
breath n. 呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
take a deep breath 深呼吸
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
breathless 难以呼吸的
不久之后：
把…送到…/派…去…：
挖出：
被困住：
死者；逝者：
提供医疗护理：
为…建造庇护所:
被带入；被引进：
课文短语 ～第四段
send… to…
dig out
be trapped
the dead
provide medical care
build shelters for…
be brought into
send sb. to do sth.
派某人去做某事
the +adj. 表示一类人
dig-dug-dug
be trapped in… 被困在…中
soon after
1. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
【句型】主句为_____________________________________________________, and连接两个并列的不定式短语_______________和______________________均作sent… to Tangshan的______________。who were trapped是who引导的__________________, 修饰___________。
先行词是those，且指人时，定语从句常用____________引导。
【练习】Those __________ want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first.
the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan
to dig out…
to bury the dead
目的状语
长难句分析
定语从句
those
who
who
2. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.
【词块】more than __________________________
more than + 数词 表示______________
more than +名词 表示______________
more than +adj. 表示_______________
【练习】（1）她不仅仅是我们的英语老师。
____________________________________________________
（2）我非常高兴地邀请你参加一个讲座。（应用文--邀请信高分句）
____________________________________________________ participate in a lecture.
超过；不仅仅；非常
超过
不仅仅
I am more than delighted to invite you to
长难句分析
非常
She is more than our English teacher.
3. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
【句型】在survivors whose homes had been destroyed中, whose引导的是________ 从句，修饰先行词_____________.
思考：为什么用whose引导从句？
解析：survivors (_____) homes had been destroyed

定语从句不缺主语/宾语--缺定语，意为“...的”,
从句与先行词是所属关系,用whose
【练习】
1. The lecture (_______ theme is Reading) will be of great benefit to us.
2. It's the house ___________ door is painted red.
定语
survivors
先行词
whose
长难句分析
主语
谓语（被动语态不需宾语)
whose
Careful reading
Part3(P4--5)：after the earthquake
rescue&revival
Para. 5
What shows the revival of Tangshan
How was Tangshan able to revive itself
What has Tangshan City proved(证明) to China and the rest of the world
The new city has become a home to more than 7million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry and environment.
With strong support from government and tireless efforts of the city’s people.
In times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
What does Tangshan city look like now
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.
government’s strong support
people’s tireless effort
Who played an important role in the revival of the Tangshan city
Various help from the whole nation
unify
come back to life/recover
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support__1__the government and the the__2_____(tired) efforts of the city’s people，a new Tangshan___3___ (build)upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great______4_____(improve) in transportation, industry,and environment. Tangshan city ___5___ (prove) to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the____6___(wise) to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
from
tireless
was built
improvements
has proved
wisdom
复活；（使）苏醒
恢复；站立着
build on/ upon在.......上建立
homeless / meaningless / hopeless /helpless / effortless
make an effort to do sth. = make efforts to do sth. 努力/尽力做...
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
......的家园
主
系
表
状语
状语
主
谓
状
宾语从句
时间状语
主
谓
谓
宾
状语
在......的时候
v.统一；（使）成为一体
wise--wisely--wisdom
=keep positive
prove sth. to sb.
站立；恢复；痊愈：
在政府的大力支持下:
坚持不懈的努力：
被建立在…上：
是…的家园/家乡：
向/给…证明：
其余的/剩余的…:
在…时期：
保持乐观的心态：
一个光明的未来:
课文短语 ～第五段
on one’s feet
tireless efforts
be built on/upon
be/become a home to…
prove to…
the rest of…
in times of…
stay/keep positive
build … on…
把…建立在…上
prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事
with strong support from the government
homeless / meaningless / hopeless /helpless / effortless
a bright future
With strong support from the government and the the tireless efforts of the city’s people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
主
谓
状
原因状语
返回
1. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
2. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment.
【词块】 With strong support from the government …和with great improvements in transportation… 都是with的复合结构，即with+宾语+__________
宾补
with + 宾语(n./pron.) + 宾语补足语
名词
代词
形容词
副词
介词短语
非谓语(doing/done/to do)
We are having
English class
____________________________（窗开着）
____________________________（灯亮着）
____________________________ (桌上放着书）
_________________________________(有老师正坐在我们后面）
_________________________________(有一些作业要完成)
_________________________________(有些练习已经完成)
with the windows
with the lights
with books
with teachers
with some homework
with some exercises
介词短语
形容词
副词
表状态
doing: 主动/正在进行
to do: 将来(动作未发生)
done: 被动或已经完成
open.
on.
on the desk.
sitting behind us.
to finish.
finished.
with复合结构在续写中的运用
在读后续写中，“with复合结构” 多用作原因状语或伴随状语，使得叙述的情节更具体；同时，在细节描写上使用该结构能形象、生动地营造画面，使得表达更深刻。
眼泪顺着他的脸颊流下，他回答说：“我尝试过了。我真的试过了。”
he replied, “ I did try. I really tried.”
Joe的手被割伤，她突然大哭，腿抖着。
Joe burst into tears and her legs trembled.
他的妻子躺在床上，脸色苍白。
His wife lay in bed .
一到家门前，他惊讶地发一只小狗正好奇地看着他，它脸上带着震惊的表情。
Upon arriving at the door of his home, he was surprised to discover that a little dog was watching him curiously .
With tears streaming down his cheek,
With her fingers cut,
with her face pale
with the expression of shock on its face
Tangshan started
to
revive itself
unify
government
strong support
a home
great improvement
to more than 7 million people
transportation
industry
stay positive
rebuild for a brighter future
environment
city’s people
tireless efforts
cause
new look
meaning
Mind map
灾后重建
The change of people's feeling
hopeful
unaware
shocked
hopeless
The city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.
People were in shock.
People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
But hope was not lost. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
positive
… a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
Futher Thinking1
After reading
1. It was a 7.8 magnitude earthquake, which was very destructive.
2. It hit the city at night, when people were enjoying a sound sleep.
3. People paid no attention to the warning signs.
4. People didn’t have enough rescue knowledge.
5. The buildings and bridges were poorly built.
…
Why did this earthquake cause such extreme damage
Futher Thinking2
After reading
Futher Thinking3
What does the passage convey(传达)
A. No pains, No gains!
B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. All things are difficult before they are easy.
D. Where there is life, there is hope.
Though the disaster caused severe damage to people’s life, it couldn’t destroy the love, care and hope among people.
After reading
A man can be destroyed but not defeated.
一个人可以被毁灭，但绝不会被打败。
Disasters have no mercy, but humans do.
天灾无情，人有情。
If everyone gives a hand, the world would be full of love.