Unit 6 When was it invented？
Section A
教材要点精析
1.I think the TV was invented before the car.我认为电视是在汽车之前被发明的。（P41）（高频考点）
句子结构分析 本句是含有宾语从句的复句。
I think后面是一个宾语队句，此从句是一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。
I think the computer was invented after the car.我认为电脑的发明在汽车之后。
【新题速递】As we know, printing ___C___ during the Sui and Tang Dynasties in China.
A. invented B. is invented C. was invented
2.changing the style of the shoes改变鞋的款式（P42）
要点1 style的用法
用法分析 style做名词，意为“样式；款式”。常用结构：the style of……的样式/风格。
这条连衣裙的款式很流行，但我不喜欢它的颜色。The style of this dress is popular, but I don’t like its color.
固定搭配 out of style过时的，不流行的；in style时尚的，流行的。
要点拓展 style做名词，还可意为“风格”。
Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics were a group of artists who created their own style.扬州八怪是一群
创造了自己风格的艺术家。
3.With pleasure！我很乐意！（P42）
要点2 With pleasure.的用法
用法分析With pleasure.意为“乐意效劳”，表示客气地接受或同意。
你能帮我买本书吗？-Can you help me buy a book？
乐意效劳。我正想去书店。-With pleasure. I just want to go to the bookstore.
要点辨析 It’s a pleasure.，My pleasure.，With pleasure.
It’s a pleasure. 对别人表示感谢的礼貌回答，意为“不客气”。
My pleasure. My pleasure.的完整形式为“It’s my pleasure.”，二者都用于事情发生后。
With pleasure. 客气地表示接受或同意，意为“当然了；很愿意”，是对方提出要求，答应对方时的用法，问句通常是“Can/Could you please do sth.？”。
-Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮忙。
-My pleasure！不客气！
要点拓展 pleasant为形容词，意为“令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的”，做表语或定语；pleased为形容词，意为“高兴的；满意的；感到高兴的”。be pleased with...对……满意。
He spent a pleasant evening.他度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
We are pleased with his work.我们对他的工作满意。
【新题速递】-Could you help me with my English after school？
-___B___.
A. It’s a pleasure B. With pleasure C. You’re welcome D. OK, I could
4.Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.想想在我们的日常生活中会多么频繁地使用它吧。（P42）
要点3 daily的用法
用法分析 daily在本句中为形容词，意为“每日的；日常的”，只能放在名词前做定语，不能做表语，相当于everyday。
你没有读今天报纸上的每日新闻吗？Don’t you read the daily news in today’s newspaper？
要点拓展 （1）daily的用法小结
adj.每日的；日常的
→daily life日常生活
adv.每日，天天，相当于every day
n.日报
（2）与daily相似的词还有
weekly adj.每周的；adv.一周一次
monthly adj.每月的；adv.一月一次
yearly adj.每年的；adv.一年一次
【新题速递】根据汉语提示完成句子
According to a survey, the average number of daily（日常的）steps of people across the world is 4,961.
5.Well,you do seem to have a point...嗯，看来你说的确实有点道理……（P42）
句子结构分析 助动词do在本句中表示强调。
seem to do sth.意为“好像做某事”。
要点4 have a point
用法分析 have a point意为“有道理”，常用于口语中，表示赞同某人的观点和看法。
你说的有道理—还是等到明天比较好。You have a point-it would be better to wait till tomorrow.
【新题速递】-With the help of your friends, you’ll deal with the problem better, John.
-___B___ Why didn’t I remind of such a good idea？
A. Why not？ B. You have a point. C. Well done！ D. That’s all right.
6.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.比如说，它提到拉链是惠特科姆·贾德森在1893年发明的。（P42）
要点5 mention的用法
用法分析 mention为及物动词，意为“提到；说到”，其后常跟名词、代词或从句。
mention sth. 提到某事/某物
mention doing sth. 提到做某事
mention sth.to sb. 向某人提起某事/某物
Mention+从句 提到……
他曾经提过这个想法。He once mentioned this idea.
无论何时我一提起一块吃顿饭，他就说他太忙。Whenever I mentioned having dinner together, he said he was too busy.
没人向我提过这事。Nobody mentioned anything to me about it.
她在她的信中提到她打算出国。She mentioned in her letter that she planned to go abroad.
要点拓展 Don’t mention it.是常见的口语表达，主要用来回答感谢，意为“不客气；不用谢”。有时也用来回答道歉。
-Thank you very much！非常感谢！
-Don’t mention it.别客气。
【新题速递】-Thank you very much for giving me some advice on how to deal with stress.
-___B___.
A. That’s true B. Don’t mention it C. OK,I’ll try D. I don’t think so
7.Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world （after water），was invented by accident？你知道茶，世界上最受欢迎的饮品（仅次于水），是偶然发明的吗？（P43）
要点6 by accident 的用法
用法分析 be accident意为“偶然地；意外地”，相当于by chance，在句中做状语。
我和我的朋友在机场不期而遇。My friend and I met by accident at the airport.
The boy broke the vase by accident.男孩不小心打破了花瓶。
【新题速递】根据汉语意思完成句子
令人惊讶的是，一些科学发现是偶然发现的。
Surprisingly, some scientific discoveries were made by accident.
8.It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。（P43）
句子结构分析 It is said that...意为“据说……"，其中比为形式主语，that从句是泰正的主语，be said是被动语态，其主动形式为“People/They say…”。
It is said that there has been a big rainstorm.据说，那里遭受了一场大暴风雨的袭击。
要点7 “It is+及物动词的过去分词+that...”句型的用法
用法分析 “It is+及物动词的过去分词+that…”的
It is believed that...人们认为……
It is known that...众所周知……
句型 It is reported that...据报道……
It is supposed that...据猜测……
It is expected that...预计……
It is known that China is famous for the Great Wall.众所周知，中国以长城而闻名。
It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.据报道，20人死于这起事故。
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
It’s said（say）that the pianist will come to our city next week.
9.Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.茶树上有几片叶子掉入水里，并在水里待了一段时间。（P43）
要点8 remain的用法
用法分析 remain做动词，意为“继续存在；保持不变；仍然是”。
How can we remain silent on this question？在这个问题上我们怎么能保持沉默呢？
要点拓展 （1）remain做动词，意为“逗留；停留；留下”，相当于stay。
How many weeks will you remain/stay here？你将在此停留几个星期？
（2）remain做动词，意为“剩下；遗留”。
Few people remained in the meeting room.会议室的人所剩无几。
（3）remain做动词，意为“剩下；残余”。
I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业没有做。
（4）remain做连系动词，意为“保持某种状态”时，相当于stay/keep，可以互换。
The window remained/stayed open.窗户还开着。
【新题速递】The plane ___D___ on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather.
A. ran B. moved C. shook D. remained
10.It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散发出怡人的香味，于是神农品尝了这种褐色的水。（P43）
要点9 smell的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 smell做可数名词，意为“气味”；做不可数名词，意为“嗅觉”。
它闻起来不新鲜。有煤气味。It doesn’t smell fresh. There is a smell of gas.
要点拓展 smell做系动词，意为“闻起来；闻出”，后接形容词或名词。smell做实义动词，意为“闻到”
The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
注意 表示感觉的系动词：smell闻起来；feel 感觉、集起来；sound听起来；taste老起来；look 看起来。其中 smell，sound，taste的主语只能是物；feel的主语可以是人，也可以是物。它们后面都接形容词故表语。
【新题速递】-Look, Linda. The flowers in our classroom came out in one night.
-I can’t believe it. They are beautiful and colorful. They ___B___ great.
A. sound B. smell C. taste
11.It was quite delicious, and so, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.
它非常香醇，就这样，世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一被发明了。（P43）
要点10 one of..的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 one of..后接复数名词或代词，意为“……之一”，做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
我最喜欢的运动之一是足球。One of my favorite sports is soccer.
要点拓展 “one of the +形容词最高级十复数名词”意为“最……之一”
Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
Do you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world？你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？
【新题速递】The Nile is one of the ___C___ rivers in the world.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. most longest
12.In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660，but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink.在英国，大约直到1660年茶才出现，但在不到100年的时间里，茶已成为全国性的饮品。（P43）
要点11 national的用法
用法分析 national为形容词，意为“国家的；全国的；民族的”。
我爸爸对国内和国际新闻感兴趣。My father is interested in national and international news.
词形转换
nation n. 国家；民族 national adj. 国家的；民族的 international adj.国际的
nationality n.国籍
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
The National（nation）Day of China has become a 7-day holiday for people to travel and relax.
13.The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.中西方国家的茶叶贸易始于19世纪。（P43）
要点12 trade的用法
用法分析 trade在此处为不可数名词，意为“贸易；交易”。
Trade between the two countries has increased.两国之间的贸易增加了。
要点拓展 trade还可做动词，意为“做买卖；从事贸易”，常用于trade（in sth.）with sb.（与某人交易……）结构中。
他有数年与西方做生意的经验。He had years of experience of trading with the West.
这个女孩和男孩做了笔交易。The girl traded with the boy.
14.Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.虽然现在有很多人都了解一些茶文化，但毫无疑问的是，中国人才是最了解茶之精髓的人。（P43）
句子结构分析 这是一个多重复句。Even though引导让步状语从句。主句中含一个语从句who best understand the nature of tea，修饰先行词“the ones"，who是关系代词，在定语从句中做主语。
【新题速递】-CCTV has produced a TV show-Chinese Poetry Competition. Have you seen it？
-Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, ___C___ studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan, is the winner.
A. which B. where C. who D. whom
要点13 without doubt的用法
用法分析 I without doubt相当于there is no doubt，意为“毫无疑问；的确”。其中doubt为名词，意为“疑问；疑惑”。
他的确一直在努力工作。Without doubt he has been working hard.
毫无疑问，女孩赢了比赛。The girl wins the game without doubt.
要点拓展 doubt做动词，意为“怀疑”，后接宾语从句。主句为肯定句时，宾语从句用whether/if来引导；主句为否定或疑问句时，宾语从句用that引导。doubt还可做名词，意为“疑惑；疑问”。
我拿不准他是否会来。I doubt if/whether he’ll come.
我敢肯定他会成功。I don’t doubt that he will succeed.
毫无疑问我们队将会获胜。There is no doubt that our team will win.
固定搭配 without doubt毫无疑问，的确；in doubt不肯定，拿不准。
注意 无论doubt用作名词还是动词，在肯定句中其后常接whether从句，在否定句和疑问句中常接that从句。
We doubt whether he will come.我们怀疑他是否会来。
【新题速递】-Su Bingtian is the winner of the IAAF World Indoor Tour（国际田联室内巡回赛）。
-___A___, he is a talented runner.
A. Without doubt B. For example C. Once in a while D. All of a sudden
15.The fridge was sold at a low price.冰箱被低价出售了。（P44）
要点14 at a low price的用法
用法分析 at a low price意为“以低价”。表示价格的高低，用high/low，不用expensive/cheap。修饰商品时，才能用expensive/cheap。
现在房价很高。House prices are very high now.
这个男孩以低价买了一件外套。The boy bought a coat at a low price.
要点拓展 low做形容词，意为“低的；矮的”，反义词为high（高的）。
I bought this house at a low price.我低价买了这套房子。
注意 当表示某物贵或便官用“物+be + expensive/cheap.”或“The price of+物+be + high/low.”，即物的贵贱一般用expensive/ cheap表示，价格的高低常用high/low表示。
The price of this computer is too high.
=The computer is too expensive.这台电脑的价格太贵了。
固定搭配
low短语 in a low voice低声地
at a low price以低价
low season淡季
have a low fever发低烧
16.Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.有人从我的旅店房间里把我的相机给偷走了。（P44）
要点15 somebody的用法
用法分析 somebody为不定代词，意为“某人；有人”，相当于someone，多用于肯定句中；用于疑问句时，期望得到肯定回答。somebody做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
有人在敲门。There’s somebody knocking at the door.
小提示 somebody做名词，意为“重要人物”。
He must be somebody.他肯定是个人物。
要点辨析 somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody
相同点：做主语时谓语动词用单数；形容词修饰这些词要后置。
somebody=someone 某人，用于肯定句中或征询意见的疑问句中
anybody=anyone 任何人，用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中
nobody=no one 没有人，无人，本身为否定含义
everybody=everyone 每人，人人，不能用来指物
I can hear somebody moving about upstairs.我能听到楼上有人走动。
I didn’t see anybody there.我在那儿没有看见任何人。
I’ve called but nobody answered.我打电话了，但是没有人接。
Is everyone here today？今天大家到齐了吗？
【新题速递】The most beautiful thing about learning is that ___D___ can take it away from you.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
17.Different writers translated the book into different languages.不同的作家把这本书翻译成不同的语言。（P44）
要点16 translate的用法
用法分析 translate为及物动词，意为“翻译”。常用结构：translate...into...意为“把……译成……”。
你能把这篇课文译成汉语吗？Can you translate the text into Chinese？
词形转换
translate v.翻译 translator n.译员
translation n.翻译，译文
The girl acted as a translator for the two strangers from different countries.这个女孩为来自不同国家的两个陌生人做翻译。
【新题速递】翻译句子
这首诗将被翻译成德语。
The poem will be translated into German.
18.The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place.地震发生得很突然，但幸运的是，村民们被带到了一个安全的地方。（P44）
要点17 all of a sudden的用法
用法分析 all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然；猛地”，在句中做状语，可位于句首或句末，相当于suddenly。
突然，我意识到自己该做什么。All of a sudden, I realized what I had to do.
要点拓展（1）sudden做形容词，意为“突然的；急剧的”；sudden做名词，意为“突然”。
（2）副词suddenly意为“突然地”，修饰动词或形容词。
She suddenly began to cry.她突然开始大哭。
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
TikTok, which is suddenly（sudden）everywhere on the Internet, is making its way into our lives.
针对训练
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.He is a blind boy, but he can look after his daily（日常的）life.
2.The style（款式）of this hat is popular.
3.One Belt, One Road（一带一路）is helpful for the development of the international trade（贸易）.
4.Can you help me. translate（翻译）this English poem into Chinese？
5.In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often .remains（保持不变）below zero all day.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
6.Somebody is（be）waiting for you at the school gate. But I don’t know who it is.
7.Yuan Longping and Yang Liwei are great national（nation）heroes of China.
8.It is said（say）that the world’s first mobile phone was made in the 1970s.
9.Edison had a lot of inventions（invent）in his life.
10.He is one of the greatest（great）writers in the world.
Ⅲ.单项填空
11. As far as I know, the robot that can sweep the floor ___C___ in the 1980s.
A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. has invented
12.-Could you tell me how to pay for the food by QR code（二维码）on the phone？
-___C___.
A. Take it easy B. It doesn’t matter C. With pleasure D. Youre welcome
13.The fish you bought yesterday smells ___B___. You’d better throw it away.
A. good B. bad C. well D. badly
14.This schoolbag is not expensive.And the price of it is the ___A___ of the three.
A. lowest B. biggest C. highest D. smallest
15.-What did he say in his letter？ Is everything OK with his father？
-No idea. He didn’t ___C___ his parents in the letter.
A. admire B. notice C. mention D. miss
Ⅳ.根据汉语意思完成句子
16.或许你说的有道理，但是我们别无选择。
Perhaps you have a point but we don’t have a choice.
17.火灾是突然发生的，但是幸运的是学校里没人受伤。
The fire happened all of a sudden, but luckily no one was injured in the school.
18.请你把这篇文章译成汉语。
Please translate this article into Chinese.
19.毫无疑问，母爱是世界上最伟大的爱。
Without doubt, the greatest love in the world is the love of a mother.
20.我真的不想知道你的秘密。我只是偶然发现它的。
I really don’t want to know your secret. I only found it by accident.
Section B
教材要点精析
1.salty 咸的（P45）
要点1 salty的用法
用法分析 salty为形容词，意为“咸的”，由名词salt（食盐）加后缀y构成。
我不喜欢咸味的食物。I don’t like salty food.
要点拓展
人生五“味” hot/spicy辣的
salty咸的
sour酸的
sweet甜的
bitter苦的
联想助忆 名词“+y”构成形容词，类似的有：rain→rainy，cloud→cloudy，wind→windy，snow→snowy。
2.The customer was happy in the end.最后这位顾客很高兴。（P45）
要点2 in the end的用法
用法分析in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于atlast，finally。
他们最终赢得了比赛。They won the game in the end.
要点拓展（1）at the end of意为“在……结束时；在……尽头”，其后可接表示时间、地点的名词。
We’ll go to the Great Wall at the end of this month.本月末我们将去参观长城。
（2）by the end of意为“到……为止”，后接时间名词，常与一般将来时/完成时连用。
We have planted 500 trees by the end of this year.到今年年底，我们已经种了500棵树。
【新题速递】选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项
-How was your skating lesson last week？
-Not bad. Although I fell over many times, I managed to skate at last. A
A. in the end
B. at present
C. at times
3.Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861.篮球是由一位名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的加拿大博士发明的，他出生于1861年。（P46）
句子结构分析 本句是一个主从复合句。在本句中，who was born in 1861是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词James Naismith，who是关系代词，在定语句中做主语；非限制性定从句要以who或which来引导，不能用that来引导。非限制性定语从句对所修饰的成分起到补充、说明的作用，通常和主句用逗号隔开，将从句去掉后其他部分仍可成立，并不影响对主句的理解。另外，过去分词短语named James Naismith做后置定语，修饰doctor。
I can’t find my book, which I bought yesterday.我
找不到我的书了，那本书是我昨天买的。
4.When he was a college teacher, he was asked to think of a game that could be played in the winter.当他在大学任教时，被要求想出一项能让人冬天在室内玩的游戏。（P46）
句子结构分析 When he was a college teacher为时间状语队句，that could be played in the winter是定语从句，先行词为a game，其中was asked 是一般过去时的被动语态（was/were+过去分词），could be played是情态动词的被动语态结构，即“情态动词+be+过去分词”。
要点3 情态动词被动语态的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 could be played为含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构为“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”，否定形式为“情态动词+not + be+及物动词的过去分词”。
小孩不应该被允许喝酒。Kids shouldn’t be allowed to drink.
【新题速递】Some people think trees ___B___ on Tree Planting Day only.
A. should plant B. should be planted
C. should be plant D. should be planting
5.Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯博士把他班级里的男生分成两队，教他们玩他的新游戏。（P46）
要点4 divide...into...的用法
用法分析 divide...into...意为“把……分开；把……划分为”，其中divide为及物动词，意为“分开；分散”，也可用于被动语态中，即be divided into...，意为“被划分为……”。
这个国家被划分为50个州。This country is divided into fifty states.
要点辨析 divide，separate
divide 指把一个整体分为若干部分，常与into连用。
separate 指把原来在一起的个体分开，常与from连用。
The earth is divided into twenty-four time zones, one hour apart.地球被分为24个时区，每个时区相差一个小时。
England is separated from France by the channel.英国和法国之间隔着这个海峡。
【新题速递】根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
The teacher will divide us into four groups to play the new game.
6.At the same time, hey need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们还要阻止对方把球投进他们自己队的篮筐里。（P46）
要点5 top sb./sth. from doing sth.的用法
用法分析 stop sb./sth.（from）doing sth.意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”，相当于prevent sb./sth.（from）doing sth.（阻止/防止某人/某物做某事）。以上from可以省略。keep sb./sth.from doing sth.也有此意，但from不能省略。
什么也阻止不了他戒烟。Nothing can stop him（from ）giving up smoking.
=Nothing can prevent him （from）giving up smoking.
=Nothing can keep him from giving up smoking.
注意 stop sb. /sth.（from） doing sth.和prevent sb. /sth （from） doing sth.在被动语态中from不可以省略。
The water must be prevented from being polluted by us.我们必须保护水不受污染。
【新题速递】翻译句子
没有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。
Nothing can prevent/stop/keep us from realizing our dreams.
7.Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.如今，随着许多年轻人都梦想成为著名的篮球运动员，篮球在世界各地越来越受欢迎。（P46）
要点6 dream of/about（doing）sth.的用法
用法分析 dream of/about（doing）sth.意为“梦想/梦见（做）某事”。
Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
要点拓展 dream做名词，意为“梦，梦想”；做动词，意为“做梦；梦见”。
Everyone has his dreams.每个人都有梦想。
He often dreams at night.他晚上经常做梦。
注意 “某人实现梦想”用sb. achieve one’s dream；“某人梦想会实现”用one’s dream will come true。
【新题速递】翻译句子
他的梦想将会实现。
His dream will come true.
8.Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.篮球不仅成为一项人们喜欢玩的运动，它也成为一项人们喜欢观看的运动。（P46）
要点7 not only...but also...的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 not only...but also..意为“不但……而且……”
Reading can not only increase our knowledge, but also bring us pleasure.阅读不仅能增长我们的知识，而且给我们带来快乐。
中考特殊考点 本结构在使用时要遵循以下三个原则：
（1）并列原则：not only...but also...为并列连词词组，用来连接两个并列成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语），也可以连接两个句子，强调后者，also可以省略。
He not only writes well but also speaks fluently.他不但写得好，而且说得流利。（连接谓语）
（2）主谓一致原则：not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不仅学生，老师也反对这个计划。
Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.不仅老师，学生也反对这个计划。
（3）倒装原则：not only...but also...连接两个并列分句时，not only置于句首，表示强调，其引导的句子要用部分倒装，即将谓语动词的一部分（如情态动词、助动词等）放在主语的前面，而but also后的句子用正常语序。
Not only do I feel good about helping people, but also I get to spend time doing what I love to do.我不仅感到帮助别人很好，而且我开始把时间用在我喜欢做的事情上。
【新题速递】A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it ___C___ helps with students’ health, improves their social skills.
A. either；or B. neither；nor C. not only；but also
9.The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased. NBA中的外国球员数量有所增加，其中也包括中国球员。（P46）
要点8 including的用法
用法分析 including为介词，意为“包括；包含”，后接名词、代词、动名词。
她赢得过很多世界锦标赛的冠军，包括在奥林匹克运动会中获得过四枚金牌。She’s won many world competitions, including four gold medals in the Olympics.
要点辨析 including，include
including prep.包括；包含 一般前面有逗号，后接宾语，含有补充说明之意。
include v.包括；包含 前面有主语，和其他动词用法一样，侧重指被包含的是整体的一部分。
The band played many songs, including some of my favorites.乐队演奏了许多歌曲，包括几首我最喜爱的。
Please include me in the list.请把我列入名单中。
Lunch includes soup, chicken, and two vegetables.午饭包括汤、鸡肉，还有两份蔬菜。
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
-How much should I pay？
-18 yuan in all, including（include）the pen you picked out just now.
10.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人都仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为像他们一样的人。（P46）
要点9 1ook up to的用法
用法分析look up to表示“钦佩；仰慕；尊重（某人）”。反义短语为look down on（看不起）。
他们都很钦佩他们的老师。They all look up to their teacher.
男学生通常很钦佩运动名将。Schoolboys usually look up to great athletes.
小提示 look up to还表示“抬头看……”。
固定搭配 look的相关短语：look around环视，往四周看；look after照看，照顾；look at看；look for寻找；look forward to 盼望，期待；look like 看起来像；look out当心，小心；look back at回首（往事），回忆。
【新题速递】-Why do you __D___ Liu Hulan？
-Because she is a great hero.
A. look like B. look down C. look over D. look up to
要点10 hero的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 hero做名词，意为“英雄”。复数为heroes。
这个国家有许多英雄。There are many heroes in the country.
要点拓展 以0结尾，变复数加-es的词：
hero→heroes（英雄）
Negro→Negroes（黑人）
potato→potatoes（土豆）
tomato→tomatoes（西红柿）
联想助忆 黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
The firemen who put out the forest fires bravely are the modern heroes（hero）.
11.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些球星也鼓励着年轻人为实现他们自己的梦想而努力。（P46）
要点11 encourage的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 encourage做动词，意为“鼓励；促进”。
常用结构：encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人去做某事；encourage sb.in sth.在某方面鼓励某人。
Mr. Wang always encourages us to speak English in the class.王老师总是鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。
【新题速递】Miss
Chen, my dear English teacher, often encourages me ___D___ the challenges in my study.
A. face B. faces C. facing D. to face
要点12 achieve的用法
用法分析 achieve做动词，意为“达到；完成；实现”，其主语是人，宾语是梦想、目标、成绩等，相当于realize。
我相信有一天你的梦想会实现。I’m sure you’ll achieve/ realize your dream one day.
注意 come true意为“实现；成真”，主语是梦想、计划、目标等。
I’m sure your dream will come true one day.我相信有一天你的梦想会实现。
小提示 a achieve的名词形式achievement意为“成就；成绩”。
The scientist is famous for his scientific achievements.这位科学家以他的科学成就而著名。
【新题速递】Stephen Hawking has ___B___ great success as a scientist.
A. allowed B. achieved C. practiced D. promised
12.This is because sometimes a few people may invent things which are nearly the same.这是因为有时候一些人可能发明几乎相同的东西。（P48）
要点13 nearly的用法
用法分析 nearly做副词，意为“几乎；差不多；将近”，相当于almost，可以修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词短语等。
几乎每个人都知道这件事。Nearly everyone knows it.
他再也不是一个小男孩了。他差不多十六岁了。He’s not a little boy any more. He’s nearly/almost sixteen.
【新题速递】He was once ___D___ killed in a car accident several years ago.
A. completely B. sadly C. exactly D. nearly
针对训练
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Many young people look up to the basketball heroes（hero）and want to become like them.
2.The heavy rain stopped us from going（go）out.
3.Don’t add salt to meat and it is salty（salt）.
4.There are three months in spring, including（include）March, April and May.
5.My dream of becoming（become）an actor will come true.
Ⅱ.单项填空
6. High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great ___A___ of China.
A. Achievements B. Agreements C. Environments D. Instruments
7.-Your father has passed the driving test？
-Yes. ___A___ my father ______ my mother has.
A. Not only；but also B. Neither；nor
C. Either；or D. Both；and
8. Sorry, this is your letter, but I opened it ___A___.
A. by mistake
B. by accident
C. by myself
9.-If we take a shower instead of bath, more water ___C___.
-I agree with you.
A. has saved B. can save C. can be saved D. to saved
10.According to a recent survey, ___D___ three fifths of working mothers in China don’t want to have a second child.
A. mostly B. especially C. partly D. nearly
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
11.老师鼓励我再试一次。
The teacher encouraged me to try it again.
12.学生们通常都钦佩英雄。
Students usually look up to heroes.
13.那个人试了几次去发动车，最后终于成功了。
The man tried several times to start the car, and he succeeded in the end.
14.这个班太大了。我们得把它分成八组。
The class is too large. We’ll have to divide it into eight groups.
15.他发现他错把Sally的太阳镜装进他的双肩包里了。
He found that he had put Sally’s sunglasses into his backpack by mistake.
单元语法讲练
语法精讲
一般过去时的被动语态
一、基本用法
1.一般过去时的被动语态的构成
一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”构成，be的单复数形式根据主语而定。
2.一般过去时的被动语态的句式变化
句式 构成
肯定句形式 主语+was/were+过去分词（+by...）...
否定句形式 主语+was/were + not+过去分词（+by...）...
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+过去分词（+by...）...？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+was/were. 否定回答：No，主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑问句形式 特殊疑问词+was/were（十主语）+过去分词（+by...）…？
【教材原句】Potato chips were invented by mistake.薯片是无意中被发明的。
I wasn’t told to attend the meeting yesterday.昨天没有人告诉我去参加那个会议。
Was she asked to sing the first song at the party？她被要求在派对上唱第一首歌吗？
【教材原句】When was the telephone invented？电话是什么时候被发明的？
二、难点突破
1.强调或突出动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话中心时用被动语态。这类句子常有一个by短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可省略by短语。
Books in the reading room mustn’t be taken out.阅读室的书禁止被带出去。
2.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。
Paper is made from wood.纸是木头制成的。
3.动作的执行者不是人，而是无生命的事物。
Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving.很多交通事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。
4.为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己。
You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你做得更认真一点。
三、特殊用法
在主动句中动词make，see，hear，watch，find，notice等后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，动词不定式都要去掉to，但在变被动语态时，后面的不定式一定要加上to，再加动词原形。
The boss made his workers work over ten hours a day in the past.
=The workers were made to work over ten hours a day in the past.在过去老板逼迫工人每天工作超过10小时。
语法专练
1.The little boy is crying because his toy ___A___ by someone a moment ago.
A. was broken B. is broken C. broke
2.It’s reported that Notre-Dame de Paris（巴黎圣母院）___A___ in April 2019.
A. was burnt B. is burnt C. be burnt
3.The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou, ___C___ in the shape of a giant teapot.
A. will be built B. should be built C. was built
4.-Look, what an amazing Hong KongZhuhai-Macao Bridge！
一Yeah, it ___B___ in 2018.
A. completed B. was completed C. is completed D. has completed
5.-Why did you leave that position？
-I ___D___ a better position in another factory.
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
6.These machines ___D___ in their factory by themselves last year.
A. make B. made C. are made D. were made
7.Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she ___C___ about the importance of good living habits once more.
A. told B. is told C. was told D. has told
8.-Lucy, what have you learnt from this history class？
-Paper ___B___ first ______ about 2,000 years ago in China.
A. is；invented B. was；invented C. is；inventing D. was；inventing
9.His car ___D___ five years ago, but it looks quite new.
A. buys B. bought C. is bought D. was bought
10.My advice on how to save paper ___C___ by my class last Monday.
A. accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted
11.Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao（港珠澳大桥）___B___ in December，2009 and it opened in October，2018.
A. build B. was built C. is built
12.Look at the flowers on both sides of the streets. They ___A___ last month.
A. were planted B. are planted C. are planting D. were planting
13.-Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike！
-Sorry, Mum. It ___D___ yesterday. I forgot to do it.
A. didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned
14.-Who’s the little boy in the photo？
-It’s me. The photo ___C___ when I was six years old.
A. takes B. took C. was taken
15.In old days, the poor ___C___ for the boss for over 18 hours a day.
A. was made to be worked
B. were made work
C. were made to work
单元话题写作
介绍发明
写作分析
本单元的写作内容是写一些由人类发明出来的物品，其中包括算盘、雨伞、双筒望远镜、照相机和自行车等等，准确描述这些发明物品的前提是了解它们各自被发明的年代、发明人、被发明的国家及其主要用途等，写此类文章可以从以下几方面作为切入点：
一是可以从身边的一些生活用品到常用物品的发明对现在生活的影响着手，如电灯的发明、我国古代的四大发明以及教材中涉及的一些发明等；二是也可以把发生在自己身边的事情作为立意角度，如XX参加了生活中小发明竞赛等。
如何写好这类文章，主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式：
※常用词汇
such a great invention如此了不起的一项发明
be used for被用于……
by accident偶然，意外地
※常用句型句式
It is said that...据说……
It is believed that...人们认为……
It is used for...它被用来……
What do you think is the most useful invention？你认为什么是最有用的发明？
※常用开头结尾句
...is invented by...……由……发明。
Do you know...？你知道……吗？
In my opinion...在我看来……
I think it is very important for us...我认为对我们而言……是非常重要的。
Do you think so？你这样认为吗？
I will change/make/give...我会改变/使/给……
经典试题
请根据以下的信息提示，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍一下计算机的发展历程及计算机带给我们的变化。
提示：
1.最初的现代计算机发明于1946年，像一座大房子一样，重约30吨；
2.现在的计算机既小又便宜，而且被广泛应用于我们的日常生活思路点拨中；
3.计算机在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思路点拨 简单介绍计算机的发明时间及特点 was invented in 1946, at that time, was huge, as large as a big house, weigh about 30 tons
重点介绍计算机的变化及用途 now smaller and cheaper, a very useful tool in our life, can use computers to send some messages to foreign friends by e-mail
总结全文 more and more important, in my opinion...
佳作赏析
The computer was invented in 1946.①At that time, it was huge and it was as large as②a big house. It weighed about 30 tons.
But now the computer is smaller and cheaper③.It is a very useful tool in our life. We can use computers to send some messages to foreign friends by e-mail. We can also listen to music or play games on the computer. It makes us relaxed.
The computer is becoming more and more important④ in our daily life. In my opinion⑤, it will change our life completely in the near future.
①文章第一句用被动语态，介绍了计算机的发明时间。
②as...as..结构，说明了最初的计算机的外形。
③smaller and cheaper比较级，说明了现在的计算机的情况。
④more and more important说明了计算机在现实生活中变得越来越重要。
⑤In my opinion总结全文，表达作者的观点。Unit 6 When was it invented？
Section A 教材要点精析
1.I think the TV was invented before the car.我认为电视是在汽车之前被发明的。（P41）（高频考点）
句子结构分析 本句是含有宾语从句的复句。
I think后面是一个宾语队句，此从句是一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。
I think the computer was invented after the car.我认为电脑的发明在汽车之后。
【新题速递】As we know, printing ______ during the Sui and Tang Dynasties in China.
A. invented B. is invented C. was invented
2.changing the style of the shoes改变鞋的款式（P42）
要点1 style的用法
用法分析 style做名词，意为“样式；款式”。常用结构：the style of……的样式/风格。
这条连衣裙的款式很流行，但我不喜欢它的颜色。The style of this dress is popular, but I don’t like its color.
固定搭配 out of style过时的，不流行的；in style时尚的，流行的。
要点拓展 style做名词，还可意为“风格”。
Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics were a group of artists who created their own style.扬州八怪是一群
创造了自己风格的艺术家。
3.With pleasure！我很乐意！（P42）
要点2 With pleasure.的用法
用法分析With pleasure.意为“乐意效劳”，表示客气地接受或同意。
你能帮我买本书吗？-Can you help me buy a book？
乐意效劳。我正想去书店。-With pleasure. I just want to go to the bookstore.
要点辨析 It’s a pleasure.，My pleasure.，With pleasure.
It’s a pleasure. 对别人表示感谢的礼貌回答，意为“不客气”。
My pleasure. My pleasure.的完整形式为“It’s my pleasure.”，二者都用于事情发生后。
With pleasure. 客气地表示接受或同意，意为“当然了；很愿意”，是对方提出要求，答应对方时的用法，问句通常是“Can/Could you please do sth.？”。
-Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮忙。
-My pleasure！不客气！
要点拓展 pleasant为形容词，意为“令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的”，做表语或定语；pleased为形容词，意为“高兴的；满意的；感到高兴的”。be pleased with...对……满意。
He spent a pleasant evening.他度过了一个愉快的夜晚。
We are pleased with his work.我们对他的工作满意。
【新题速递】-Could you help me with my English after school？
-______.
A. It’s a pleasure B. With pleasure C. You’re welcome D. OK, I could
4.Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.想想在我们的日常生活中会多么频繁地使用它吧。（P42）
要点3 daily的用法
用法分析 daily在本句中为形容词，意为“每日的；日常的”，只能放在名词前做定语，不能做表语，相当于everyday。
你没有读今天报纸上的每日新闻吗？Don’t you read the daily news in today’s newspaper？
要点拓展 （1）daily的用法小结
adj.每日的；日常的
→daily life日常生活
adv.每日，天天，相当于every day
n.日报
（2）与daily相似的词还有
weekly adj.每周的；adv.一周一次
monthly adj.每月的；adv.一月一次
yearly adj.每年的；adv.一年一次
【新题速递】根据汉语提示完成句子
According to a survey, the average number of （日常的）steps of people across the world is 4,961.
5.Well,you do seem to have a point...嗯，看来你说的确实有点道理……（P42）
句子结构分析 助动词do在本句中表示强调。
seem to do sth.意为“好像做某事”。
要点4 have a point
用法分析 have a point意为“有道理”，常用于口语中，表示赞同某人的观点和看法。
你说的有道理—还是等到明天比较好。You have a point-it would be better to wait till tomorrow.
【新题速递】-With the help of your friends, you’ll deal with the problem better, John.
-______ Why didn’t I remind of such a good idea？
A. Why not？ B. You have a point. C. Well done！ D. That’s all right.
6.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.比如说，它提到拉链是惠特科姆·贾德森在1893年发明的。（P42）
要点5 mention的用法
用法分析 mention为及物动词，意为“提到；说到”，其后常跟名词、代词或从句。
mention sth. 提到某事/某物
mention doing sth. 提到做某事
mention sth.to sb. 向某人提起某事/某物
Mention+从句 提到……
他曾经提过这个想法。He once mentioned this idea.
无论何时我一提起一块吃顿饭，他就说他太忙。Whenever I mentioned having dinner together, he said he was too busy.
没人向我提过这事。Nobody mentioned anything to me about it.
她在她的信中提到她打算出国。She mentioned in her letter that she planned to go abroad.
要点拓展 Don’t mention it.是常见的口语表达，主要用来回答感谢，意为“不客气；不用谢”。有时也用来回答道歉。
-Thank you very much！非常感谢！
-Don’t mention it.别客气。
【新题速递】-Thank you very much for giving me some advice on how to deal with stress.
-______.
A. That’s true B. Don’t mention it C. OK,I’ll try D. I don’t think so
7.Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world （after water），was invented by accident？你知道茶，世界上最受欢迎的饮品（仅次于水），是偶然发明的吗？（P43）
要点6 by accident 的用法
用法分析 be accident意为“偶然地；意外地”，相当于by chance，在句中做状语。
我和我的朋友在机场不期而遇。My friend and I met by accident at the airport.
The boy broke the vase by accident.男孩不小心打破了花瓶。
【新题速递】根据汉语意思完成句子
令人惊讶的是，一些科学发现是偶然发现的。
Surprisingly, some scientific discoveries were made by accident.
8.It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。（P43）
句子结构分析 It is said that...意为“据说……"，其中比为形式主语，that从句是泰正的主语，be said是被动语态，其主动形式为“People/They say…”。
It is said that there has been a big rainstorm.据说，那里遭受了一场大暴风雨的袭击。
要点7 “It is+及物动词的过去分词+that...”句型的用法
用法分析 “It is+及物动词的过去分词+that…”的
It is believed that...人们认为……
It is known that...众所周知……
句型 It is reported that...据报道……
It is supposed that...据猜测……
It is expected that...预计……
It is known that China is famous for the Great Wall.众所周知，中国以长城而闻名。
It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.据报道，20人死于这起事故。
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
It’s （say）that the pianist will come to our city next week.
9.Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.茶树上有几片叶子掉入水里，并在水里待了一段时间。（P43）
要点8 remain的用法
用法分析 remain做动词，意为“继续存在；保持不变；仍然是”。
How can we remain silent on this question？在这个问题上我们怎么能保持沉默呢？
要点拓展 （1）remain做动词，意为“逗留；停留；留下”，相当于stay。
How many weeks will you remain/stay here？你将在此停留几个星期？
（2）remain做动词，意为“剩下；遗留”。
Few people remained in the meeting room.会议室的人所剩无几。
（3）remain做动词，意为“剩下；残余”。
I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业没有做。
（4）remain做连系动词，意为“保持某种状态”时，相当于stay/keep，可以互换。
The window remained/stayed open.窗户还开着。
【新题速递】The plane ______ on the ground for two more hours because of the bad weather.
A. ran B. moved C. shook D. remained
10.It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散发出怡人的香味，于是神农品尝了这种褐色的水。（P43）
要点9 smell的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 smell做可数名词，意为“气味”；做不可数名词，意为“嗅觉”。
它闻起来不新鲜。有煤气味。It doesn’t smell fresh. There is a smell of gas.
要点拓展 smell做系动词，意为“闻起来；闻出”，后接形容词或名词。smell做实义动词，意为“闻到”
The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
注意 表示感觉的系动词：smell闻起来；feel 感觉、集起来；sound听起来；taste老起来；look 看起来。其中 smell，sound，taste的主语只能是物；feel的主语可以是人，也可以是物。它们后面都接形容词故表语。
【新题速递】-Look, Linda. The flowers in our classroom came out in one night.
-I can’t believe it. They are beautiful and colorful. They ______ great.
A. sound B. smell C. taste
11.It was quite delicious, and so, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.
它非常香醇，就这样，世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一被发明了。（P43）
要点10 one of..的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 one of..后接复数名词或代词，意为“……之一”，做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
我最喜欢的运动之一是足球。One of my favorite sports is soccer.
要点拓展 “one of the +形容词最高级十复数名词”意为“最……之一”
Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
Do you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world？你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？
【新题速递】The Nile is one of the ______ rivers in the world.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. most longest
12.In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660，but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink.在英国，大约直到1660年茶才出现，但在不到100年的时间里，茶已成为全国性的饮品。（P43）
要点11 national的用法
用法分析 national为形容词，意为“国家的；全国的；民族的”。
我爸爸对国内和国际新闻感兴趣。My father is interested in national and international news.
词形转换
nation n. 国家；民族 national adj. 国家的；民族的 international adj.国际的
nationality n.国籍
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
The （nation）Day of China has become a 7-day holiday for people to travel and relax.
13.The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.中西方国家的茶叶贸易始于19世纪。（P43）
要点12 trade的用法
用法分析 trade在此处为不可数名词，意为“贸易；交易”。
Trade between the two countries has increased.两国之间的贸易增加了。
要点拓展 trade还可做动词，意为“做买卖；从事贸易”，常用于trade（in sth.）with sb.（与某人交易……）结构中。
他有数年与西方做生意的经验。He had years of experience of trading with the West.
这个女孩和男孩做了笔交易。The girl traded with the boy.
14.Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.虽然现在有很多人都了解一些茶文化，但毫无疑问的是，中国人才是最了解茶之精髓的人。（P43）
句子结构分析 这是一个多重复句。Even though引导让步状语从句。主句中含一个语从句who best understand the nature of tea，修饰先行词“the ones"，who是关系代词，在定语从句中做主语。
【新题速递】-CCTV has produced a TV show-Chinese Poetry Competition. Have you seen it？
-Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, ______ studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan, is the winner.
A. which B. where C. who D. whom
要点13 without doubt的用法
用法分析 I without doubt相当于there is no doubt，意为“毫无疑问；的确”。其中doubt为名词，意为“疑问；疑惑”。
他的确一直在努力工作。Without doubt he has been working hard.
毫无疑问，女孩赢了比赛。The girl wins the game without doubt.
要点拓展 doubt做动词，意为“怀疑”，后接宾语从句。主句为肯定句时，宾语从句用whether/if来引导；主句为否定或疑问句时，宾语从句用that引导。doubt还可做名词，意为“疑惑；疑问”。
我拿不准他是否会来。I doubt if/whether he’ll come.
我敢肯定他会成功。I don’t doubt that he will succeed.
毫无疑问我们队将会获胜。There is no doubt that our team will win.
固定搭配 without doubt毫无疑问，的确；in doubt不肯定，拿不准。
注意 无论doubt用作名词还是动词，在肯定句中其后常接whether从句，在否定句和疑问句中常接that从句。
We doubt whether he will come.我们怀疑他是否会来。
【新题速递】-Su Bingtian is the winner of the IAAF World Indoor Tour（国际田联室内巡回赛）。
-______, he is a talented runner.
A. Without doubt B. For example C. Once in a while D. All of a sudden
15.The fridge was sold at a low price.冰箱被低价出售了。（P44）
要点14 at a low price的用法
用法分析 at a low price意为“以低价”。表示价格的高低，用high/low，不用expensive/cheap。修饰商品时，才能用expensive/cheap。
现在房价很高。House prices are very high now.
这个男孩以低价买了一件外套。The boy bought a coat at a low price.
要点拓展 low做形容词，意为“低的；矮的”，反义词为high（高的）。
I bought this house at a low price.我低价买了这套房子。
注意 当表示某物贵或便官用“物+be + expensive/cheap.”或“The price of+物+be + high/low.”，即物的贵贱一般用expensive/ cheap表示，价格的高低常用high/low表示。
The price of this computer is too high.
=The computer is too expensive.这台电脑的价格太贵了。
固定搭配
low短语 in a low voice低声地
at a low price以低价
low season淡季
have a low fever发低烧
16.Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.有人从我的旅店房间里把我的相机给偷走了。（P44）
要点15 somebody的用法
用法分析 somebody为不定代词，意为“某人；有人”，相当于someone，多用于肯定句中；用于疑问句时，期望得到肯定回答。somebody做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
有人在敲门。There’s somebody knocking at the door.
小提示 somebody做名词，意为“重要人物”。
He must be somebody.他肯定是个人物。
要点辨析 somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody
相同点：做主语时谓语动词用单数；形容词修饰这些词要后置。
somebody=someone 某人，用于肯定句中或征询意见的疑问句中
anybody=anyone 任何人，用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中
nobody=no one 没有人，无人，本身为否定含义
everybody=everyone 每人，人人，不能用来指物
I can hear somebody moving about upstairs.我能听到楼上有人走动。
I didn’t see anybody there.我在那儿没有看见任何人。
I’ve called but nobody answered.我打电话了，但是没有人接。
Is everyone here today？今天大家到齐了吗？
【新题速递】The most beautiful thing about learning is that ______ can take it away from you.
A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
17.Different writers translated the book into different languages.不同的作家把这本书翻译成不同的语言。（P44）
要点16 translate的用法
用法分析 translate为及物动词，意为“翻译”。常用结构：translate...into...意为“把……译成……”。
你能把这篇课文译成汉语吗？Can you translate the text into Chinese？
词形转换
translate v.翻译 translator n.译员
translation n.翻译，译文
The girl acted as a translator for the two strangers from different countries.这个女孩为来自不同国家的两个陌生人做翻译。
【新题速递】翻译句子
这首诗将被翻译成德语。
.
18.The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place.地震发生得很突然，但幸运的是，村民们被带到了一个安全的地方。（P44）
要点17 all of a sudden的用法
用法分析 all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然；猛地”，在句中做状语，可位于句首或句末，相当于suddenly。
突然，我意识到自己该做什么。All of a sudden, I realized what I had to do.
要点拓展（1）sudden做形容词，意为“突然的；急剧的”；sudden做名词，意为“突然”。
（2）副词suddenly意为“突然地”，修饰动词或形容词。
She suddenly began to cry.她突然开始大哭。
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
TikTok, which is （sudden）everywhere on the Internet, is making its way into our lives.
随堂训练
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.He is a blind boy, but he can look after his （日常的）life.
2.The （款式）of this hat is popular.
3.One Belt, One Road（一带一路）is helpful for the development of the international （贸易）.
4.Can you help me （翻译）this English poem into Chinese？
5.In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often （保持不变）below zero all day.
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
6.Somebody （be）waiting for you at the school gate. But I don’t know who it is.
7.Yuan Longping and Yang Liwei are great （nation）heroes of China.
8.It is （say）that the world’s first mobile phone was made in the 1970s.
9.Edison had a lot of （invent）in his life.
10.He is one of the （great）writers in the world.
Ⅲ.单项填空
11. As far as I know, the robot that can sweep the floor ______ in the 1980s.
A. is invented B. invented C. was invented D. has invented
12.-Could you tell me how to pay for the food by QR code（二维码）on the phone？
-______.
A. Take it easy B. It doesn’t matter C. With pleasure D. Youre welcome
13.The fish you bought yesterday smells ______. You’d better throw it away.
A. good B. bad C. well D. badly
14.This schoolbag is not expensive.And the price of it is the ______ of the three.
A. lowest B. biggest C. highest D. smallest
15.-What did he say in his letter？ Is everything OK with his father？
-No idea. He didn’t ______ his parents in the letter.
A. admire B. notice C. mention D. miss
Ⅳ.根据汉语意思完成句子
16.或许你说的有道理，但是我们别无选择。
Perhaps you but we don’t have a choice.
17.火灾是突然发生的，但是幸运的是学校里没人受伤。
The fire happened , but luckily no one was injured in the school.
18.请你把这篇文章译成汉语。
Please this article Chinese.
19.毫无疑问，母爱是世界上最伟大的爱。
, the greatest love in the world is the love of a mother.
20.我真的不想知道你的秘密。我只是偶然发现它的。
I really don’t want to know your secret. I only found it .
Section B 教材要点精析
1.salty 咸的（P45）
要点1 salty的用法
用法分析 salty为形容词，意为“咸的”，由名词salt（食盐）加后缀y构成。
我不喜欢咸味的食物。I don’t like salty food.
要点拓展
人生五“味” hot/spicy辣的
salty咸的
sour酸的
sweet甜的
bitter苦的
联想助忆 名词“+y”构成形容词，类似的有：rain→rainy，cloud→cloudy，wind→windy，snow→snowy。
2.The customer was happy in the end.最后这位顾客很高兴。（P45）
要点2 in the end的用法
用法分析in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于atlast，finally。
他们最终赢得了比赛。They won the game in the end.
要点拓展（1）at the end of意为“在……结束时；在……尽头”，其后可接表示时间、地点的名词。
We’ll go to the Great Wall at the end of this month.本月末我们将去参观长城。
（2）by the end of意为“到……为止”，后接时间名词，常与一般将来时/完成时连用。
We have planted 500 trees by the end of this year.到今年年底，我们已经种了500棵树。
【新题速递】选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项
-How was your skating lesson last week？
-Not bad. Although I fell over many times, I managed to skate at last.
A. in the end
B. at present
C. at times
3.Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861.篮球是由一位名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的加拿大博士发明的，他出生于1861年。（P46）
句子结构分析 本句是一个主从复合句。在本句中，who was born in 1861是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词James Naismith，who是关系代词，在定语句中做主语；非限制性定从句要以who或which来引导，不能用that来引导。非限制性定语从句对所修饰的成分起到补充、说明的作用，通常和主句用逗号隔开，将从句去掉后其他部分仍可成立，并不影响对主句的理解。另外，过去分词短语named James Naismith做后置定语，修饰doctor。
I can’t find my book, which I bought yesterday.我
找不到我的书了，那本书是我昨天买的。
4.When he was a college teacher, he was asked to think of a game that could be played in the winter.当他在大学任教时，被要求想出一项能让人冬天在室内玩的游戏。（P46）
句子结构分析 When he was a college teacher为时间状语队句，that could be played in the winter是定语从句，先行词为a game，其中was asked 是一般过去时的被动语态（was/were+过去分词），could be played是情态动词的被动语态结构，即“情态动词+be+过去分词”。
要点3 情态动词被动语态的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 could be played为含有情态动词的被动语态，其结构为“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”，否定形式为“情态动词+not + be+及物动词的过去分词”。
小孩不应该被允许喝酒。Kids shouldn’t be allowed to drink.
【新题速递】Some people think trees ______ on Tree Planting Day only.
A. should plant B. should be planted
C. should be plant D. should be planting
5.Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯博士把他班级里的男生分成两队，教他们玩他的新游戏。（P46）
要点4 divide...into...的用法
用法分析 divide...into...意为“把……分开；把……划分为”，其中divide为及物动词，意为“分开；分散”，也可用于被动语态中，即be divided into...，意为“被划分为……”。
这个国家被划分为50个州。This country is divided into fifty states.
要点辨析 divide，separate
divide 指把一个整体分为若干部分，常与into连用。
separate 指把原来在一起的个体分开，常与from连用。
The earth is divided into twenty-four time zones, one hour apart.地球被分为24个时区，每个时区相差一个小时。
England is separated from France by the channel.英国和法国之间隔着这个海峡。
【新题速递】根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
The teacher will us into four groups to play the new game.
6.At the same time, hey need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们还要阻止对方把球投进他们自己队的篮筐里。（P46）
要点5 top sb./sth. from doing sth.的用法
用法分析 stop sb./sth.（from）doing sth.意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”，
相当于prevent sb./sth.（from）doing sth.（阻止/防止某人/某物做某事）。以上from可以省略。keep sb./sth.from doing sth.也有此意，但from不能省略。
什么也阻止不了他戒烟。Nothing can stop him（from ）giving up smoking.
=Nothing can prevent him （from）giving up smoking.
=Nothing can keep him from giving up smoking.
注意 stop sb. /sth.（from） doing sth.和prevent sb. /sth （from） doing sth.在被动语态中from不可以省略。
The water must be prevented from being polluted by us.我们必须保护水不受污染。
【新题速递】翻译句子
没有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。
.
7.Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.如今，随着许多年轻人都梦想成为著名的篮球运动员，篮球在世界各地越来越受欢迎。（P46）
要点6 dream of/about（doing）sth.的用法
用法分析 dream of/about（doing）sth.意为“梦想/梦见（做）某事”。
Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。
要点拓展 dream做名词，意为“梦，梦想”；做动词，意为“做梦；梦见”。
Everyone has his dreams.每个人都有梦想。
He often dreams at night.他晚上经常做梦。
注意 “某人实现梦想”用sb. achieve one’s dream；“某人梦想会实现”用one’s dream will come true。
【新题速递】翻译句子
他的梦想将会实现。
.
8.Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.篮球不仅成为一项人们喜欢玩的运动，它也成为一项人们喜欢观看的运动。
要点7 not only...but also...的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 not only...but also..意为“不但……而且……”
Reading can not only increase our knowledge, but also bring us pleasure.阅读不仅能增长我们的知识，而且给我们带来快乐。
中考特殊考点 本结构在使用时要遵循以下三个原则：
（1）并列原则：not only...but also...为并列连词词组，用来连接两个并列成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语），也可以连接两个句子，强调后者，also可以省略。
He not only writes well but also speaks fluently.他不但写得好，而且说得流利。（连接谓语）
（2）主谓一致原则：not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不仅学生，老师也反对这个计划。
Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.不仅老师，学生也反对这个计划。
（3）倒装原则：not only...but also...连接两个并列分句时，not only置于句首，表示强调，其引导的句子要用部分倒装，即将谓语动词的一部分（如情态动词、助动词等）放在主语的前面，而but also后的句子用正常语序。
Not only do I feel good about helping people, but also I get to spend time doing what I love to do.我不仅感到帮助别人很好，而且我开始把时间用在我喜欢做的事情上。
【新题速递】A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it ______ helps with students’ health, improves their social skills.
A. either；or B. neither；nor C. not only；but also
9.The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased. NBA中的外国球员数量有所增加，其中也包括中国球员。（P46）
要点8 including的用法
用法分析 including为介词，意为“包括；包含”，后接名词、代词、动名词。
她赢得过很多世界锦标赛的冠军，包括在奥林匹克运动会中获得过四枚金牌。She’s won many world competitions, including four gold medals in the Olympics.
要点辨析 including，include
including prep.包括；包含 一般前面有逗号，后接宾语，含有补充说明之意。
include v.包括；包含 前面有主语，和其他动词用法一样，侧重指被包含的是整体的一部分。
The band played many songs, including some of my favorites.乐队演奏了许多歌曲，包括几首我最喜爱的。
Please include me in the list.请把我列入名单中。
Lunch includes soup, chicken, and two vegetables.午饭包括汤、鸡肉，还有两份蔬菜。
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
-How much should I pay？
-18 yuan in all, （include）the pen you picked out just now.
10.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人都仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为像他们一样的人。（P46）
要点9 1ook up to的用法
用法分析look up to表示“钦佩；仰慕；尊重（某人）”。反义短语为look down on（看不起）。
他们都很钦佩他们的老师。They all look up to their teacher.
男学生通常很钦佩运动名将。Schoolboys usually look up to great athletes.
小提示 look up to还表示“抬头看……”。
固定搭配 look的相关短语：look around环视，往四周看；look after照看，照顾；look at看；look for寻找；look forward to 盼望，期待；look like 看起来像；look out当心，小心；look back at回首（往事），回忆。
【新题速递】-Why do you _____ Liu Hulan？
-Because she is a great hero.
A. look like B. look down C. look over D. look up to
要点10 hero的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 hero做名词，意为“英雄”。复数为heroes。
这个国家有许多英雄。There are many heroes in the country.
要点拓展 以0结尾，变复数加-es的词：
hero→heroes（英雄）
Negro→Negroes（黑人）
potato→potatoes（土豆）
tomato→tomatoes（西红柿）
联想助忆 黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
【新题速递】用所给词的适当形式填空
The firemen who put out the forest fires bravely are the modern （hero）.
11.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些球星也鼓励着年轻人为实现他们自己的梦想而努力。（P46）
要点11 encourage的用法（高频考点）
用法分析 encourage做动词，意为“鼓励；促进”。
常用结构：encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人去做某事；encourage sb.in sth.在某方面鼓励某人。
Mr. Wang always encourages us to speak English in the class.王老师总是鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。
【新题速递】Miss Chen, my dear English teacher, often encourages me ______ the challenges in my study.
A. face B. faces C. facing D. to face
要点12 achieve的用法
用法分析 achieve做动词，意为“达到；完成；实现”，其主语是人，宾语是梦想、目标、成绩等，相当于realize。
我相信有一天你的梦想会实现。I’m sure you’ll achieve/ realize your dream one day.
注意 come true意为“实现；成真”，主语是梦想、计划、目标等。
I’m sure your dream will come true one day.我相信有一天你的梦想会实现。
小提示 a achieve的名词形式achievement意为“成就；成绩”。
The scientist is famous for his scientific achievements.这位科学家以他的科学成就而著名。
【新题速递】Stephen Hawking has ______ great success as a scientist.
A. allowed B. achieved C. practiced D. promised
12.This is because sometimes a few people may invent things which are nearly the same.这是因为有时候一些人可能发明几乎相同的东西。（P48）
要点13 nearly的用法
用法分析 nearly做副词，意为“几乎；差不多；将近”，相当于almost，可以修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词短语等。
几乎每个人都知道这件事。Nearly everyone knows it.
他再也不是一个小男孩了。他差不多十六岁了。He’s not a little boy any more. He’s nearly/almost sixteen.
【新题速递】He was once ______ killed in a car accident several years ago.
A. completely B. sadly C. exactly D. nearly
针对训练
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Many young people look up to the basketball （hero）and want to become like them.
2.The heavy rain stopped us from （go）out.
3.Don’t add salt to meat and it is （salt）.
4.There are three months in spring, （include）March, April and May.
5.My dream of （become）an actor will come true.
Ⅱ.单项填空
6. High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great ______ of China.
A. Achievements B. Agreements C. Environments D. Instruments
7.-Your father has passed the driving test？
-Yes. ______ my father ______ my mother has.
A. Not only；but also B. Neither；nor
C. Either；or D. Both；and
8. Sorry, this is your letter, but I opened it ______.
A. by mistake
B. by accident
C. by myself
9.-If we take a shower instead of bath, more water ______.
-I agree with you.
A. has saved B. can save C. can be saved D. to saved
10.According to a recent survey, ______ three fifths of working mothers in China don’t want to have a second child.
A. mostly B. especially C. partly D. nearly
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子
11.老师鼓励我再试一次。
The teacher try it again.
12.学生们通常都钦佩英雄。
Students usually heroes.
13.那个人试了几次去发动车，最后终于成功了。
The man tried several times to start the car, and he succeeded .
14.这个班太大了。我们得把它分成八组。
The class is too large. We’ll have to it eight groups.
15.他发现他错把Sally的太阳镜装进他的双肩包里了。
He found that he had put Sally’s sunglasses into his backpack .
单元语法讲练
语法精讲
一般过去时的被动语态
一、基本用法
1.一般过去时的被动语态的构成
一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”构成，be的单复数形式根据主语而定。
2.一般过去时的被动语态的句式变化
句式 构成
肯定句形式 主语+was/were+过去分词（+by...）...
否定句形式 主语+was/were + not+过去分词（+by...）...
一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+过去分词（+by...）...？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+was/were. 否定回答：No，主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
特殊疑问句形式 特殊疑问词+was/were（十主语）+过去分词（+by...）…？
【教材原句】Potato chips were invented by mistake.薯片是无意中被发明的。
I wasn’t told to attend the meeting yesterday.昨天没有人告诉我去参加那个会议。
Was she asked to sing the first song at the party？她被要求在派对上唱第一首歌吗？
【教材原句】When was the telephone invented？电话是什么时候被发明的？
二、难点突破
1.强调或突出动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话中心时用被动语态。这类句子常有一个by短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可省略by短语。
Books in the reading room mustn’t be taken out.阅读室的书禁止被带出去。
2.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。
Paper is made from wood.纸是木头制成的。
3.动作的执行者不是人，而是无生命的事物。
Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving.很多交通事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。
4.为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己。
You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你做得更认真一点。
三、特殊用法
在主动句中动词make，see，hear，watch，find，notice等后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，动词不定式都要去掉to，但在变被动语态时，后面的不定式一定要加上to，再加动词原形。
The boss made his workers work over ten hours a day in the past.
=The workers were made to work over ten hours a day in the past.在过去老板逼迫工人每天工作超过10小时。
语法专练
1.The little boy is crying because his toy ______ by someone a moment ago.
A. was broken B. is broken C. broke
2.It’s reported that Notre-Dame de Paris（巴黎圣母院）______ in April 2019.
A. was burnt B. is burnt C. be burnt
3.The Meitan Tea Museum, a famous building in Guizhou, ______ in the shape of a giant teapot.
A. will be built B. should be built C. was built
4.-Look, what an amazing Hong KongZhuhai-Macao Bridge！
一Yeah, it ______ in 2018.
A. completed B. was completed C. is completed D. has completed
5.-Why did you leave that position？
-I ______ a better position in another factory.
A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered
6.These machines ______ in their factory by themselves last year.
A. make B. made C. are made D. were made
7.Gina went to the doctor’s yesterday and she ______ about the importance of good living habits once more.
A. told B. is told C. was told D. has told
8.-Lucy, what have you learnt from this history class？
-Paper ______ first ______ about 2,000 years ago in China.
A. is；invented B. was；invented C. is；inventing D. was；inventing
9.His car ______ five years ago, but it looks quite new.
A. buys B. bought C. is bought D. was bought
10.My advice on how to save paper ______ by my class last Monday.
A. accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted
11.Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao（港珠澳大桥）______ in December，2009 and it opened in October，2018.
A. build B. was built C. is built
12.Look at the flowers on both sides of the streets. They ______ last month.
A. were planted B. are planted C. are planting D. were planting
13.-Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike！
-Sorry, Mum. It ______ yesterday. I forgot to do it.
A. didn’t clean B. isn’t cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasn’t cleaned
14.-Who’s the little boy in the photo？
-It’s me. The photo ______ when I was six years old.
A. takes B. took C. was taken
15.In old days, the poor ______ for the boss for over 18 hours a day.
A. was made to be worked
B. were made work
C. were made to work
单元话题写作
介绍发明
写作分析
本单元的写作内容是写一些由人类发明出来的物品，其中包括算盘、雨伞、双筒望远镜、照相机和自行车等等，准确描述这些发明物品的前提是了解它们各自被发明的年代、发明人、被发明的国家及其主要用途等，写此类文章可以从以下几方面作为切入点：
一是可以从身边的一些生活用品到常用物品的发明对现在生活的影响着手，如电灯的发明、我国古代的四大发明以及教材中涉及的一些发明等；二是也可以把发生在自己身边的事情作为立意角度，如XX参加了生活中小发明竞赛等。
如何写好这类文章，主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式：
※常用词汇
such a great invention如此了不起的一项发明
be used for被用于……
by accident偶然，意外地
※常用句型句式
It is said that...据说……
It is believed that...人们认为……
It is used for...它被用来……
What do you think is the most useful invention？你认为什么是最有用的发明？
※常用开头结尾句
...is invented by...……由……发明。
Do you know...？你知道……吗？
In my opinion...在我看来……
I think it is very important for us...我认为对我们而言……是非常重要的。
Do you think so？你这样认为吗？
I will change/make/give...我会改变/使/给……
经典试题
请根据以下的信息提示，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍一下计算机的发展历程及计算机带给我们的变化。
提示：
1.最初的现代计算机发明于1946年，像一座大房子一样，重约30吨；
2.现在的计算机既小又便宜，而且被广泛应用于我们的日常生活思路点拨中；
3.计算机在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思路点拨 简单介绍计算机的发明时间及特点 was invented in 1946, at that time, was huge, as large as a big house, weigh about 30 tons
重点介绍计算机的变化及用途 now smaller and cheaper, a very useful tool in our life, can use computers to send some messages to foreign friends by e-mail
总结全文 more and more important, in my opinion...
佳作赏析
The computer was invented in 1946.①At that time, it was huge and it was as large as②a big house. It weighed about 30 tons.
But now the computer is smaller and cheaper③.It is a very useful tool in our life. We can use computers to send some messages to foreign friends by e-mail. We can also listen to music or play games on the computer. It makes us relaxed.
The computer is becoming more and more important④ in our daily life. In my opinion⑤, it will change our life completely in the near future.
①文章第一句用被动语态，介绍了计算机的发明时间。
②as...as..结构，说明了最初的计算机的外形。
③smaller and cheaper比较级，说明了现在的计算机的情况。
④more and more important说明了计算机在现实生活中变得越来越重要。
⑤In my opinion总结全文，表达作者的观点。
