人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions 课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
Words and Expressions
新人教选必二
Unit 1
Science and Scientists
1. severe adj.极为恶劣的; 十分严重的; 严厉的→adv. severely 严重地→ severity n.严重性
be severe on/with 对……严厉
2.frustrated adj.懊恼的; 沮丧的; 失意的→frustrating adj.令人懊丧的；使人沮丧的→frustrate v.挫败；阻挠；使受挫折；使心烦→frustration n.懊恼；挫败；挫折；令人懊丧的事
3. contradictory adj.相互矛盾的; 对立的; 不一致的→contradict v.反驳；相矛盾→contradiction n.反驳；矛盾
4.infection n.感染；传染 → infect v.使感染; 传染→adj.传染性的infectious
5. subscribe v.认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期缴纳(会费)→subscriber n.订阅人；消费者，用户→subscription n.订阅费，订阅
subscribe to...: ①同意; 赞同 ②订阅；③定期捐款
6. proof n.证据; 证明; 检验→proof v.证明
7. multiple adj.数量多的; 多种多样的→multiply v.乘；迅速增加；繁殖
8. suspect [s 'spekt]: v.怀疑; 疑有; 不信任 ['s spekt]: n.犯罪嫌疑人; 可疑对象
→suspicion n. 怀疑 →suspicious adj.感觉可疑的
短：怀疑某人（做）某事suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人是suspect sb. as/to be
9. intervention n.介入; 出面; 干涉→v. intervene 干涉，干预；调解，干扰，阻碍
10.pure adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的 →purely adv.完全地；纯粹地 →purity n.纯度→purify
vt.使洁净，净化
词汇拓展
11. decrease [d 'kri s]:v.减少; 减小; 降低 ['di kri s]: n.减少; 降低: 减少量
→反：v./n.增加 increase
短语：在减少 on the decrease 减少了decrease by 减少到decrease to 在...方面减少decrease in
12. transform v.使改观,使变形,使转化→transformation n.转变→transformable adj. 可变形的
→transformer n. 促使改变的人或物，变压器 transform … (from…) into … 把……变成……
13. thinking n.思想; 思维; 见解 →think v.思考；认为 →thinker n.思想家→thought n.想法；考虑
14. finding n.发现; 调查结果; (法律)判决→v.发现 find
15. initial adj.最初的; 开始的; 第一的→adv. initially 开始,最初
16. solid adj.可靠的; 固体的; 坚实的 n. 固体 拓展：气体gas 液体liquid
17. defend v.保卫; 防守; 辩解 →defence n.保护；防御；答辩 →defensive
adj.防御的；保护的
18. assistant n.助理; 助手 →assist v.帮助；援助 →assistance n.帮助；援助
19. in charge of...: 主管; 掌管
charge v./n.①收费；②控告；③指责；④猛冲；⑤给...充电;⑥赋予...指责；使承担责任
拓展：in the charge of... 由...主管 take charge of 主管; 掌管
20. leadership n.领导; 领导地位; 领导才能 →lead v.领导；引导；带领；通向→leader n.领导者
21.steady adj. 稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；平稳地；稳步地
22. brilliant adj.聪颖的; 绝妙的; 明亮的→n.才华；光辉brilliance
23. fault n.弱点; 过错 →faulty adj.有错误的；有缺陷的 →faultless adj.完美的；无缺点的
24. vivid adj.生动的; 鲜明的; 丰富的→vividly adv. 生动地；强烈地
词汇精讲
cholera n. 霍乱
diarrhoea n. 腹泻
dehydration n.脱水
germ n. 微生物
pump n. 泵
household n. 一家人，家庭
handle n. 把手，应对能力
decrease n./v. 减少
epidemiology n. 流行病学
microscope n. 显微镜
protein n. 蛋白质
cell n. 细胞，单间牢房
virus n. 病毒
vaccine n. 疫苗
framework n. 框架，结构
shadow n. 影子，阴影
rainbow n.彩虹
concrete n. 混凝土
plasma n.血浆,乳清
aerospace n. 航空航天工业
aviation n. 航空制造业，航空
assistant n. 助手
missile n. 导弹
astronomer n. 天文学家
suspect v.怀疑 n.嫌疑人
blame v. 责备，把.......归咎于
n. 责备
transform v. 改变，使改变形态
pour v. 倾倒
defend v. 防守，保卫，辩解
trace v. 追踪，追溯
frustrated adj. 泄气的
multiple adj. 数量多的
raw adj. 生的
pure adj.纯净的
vivid adj. 生动的
patriotic adj. 爱国的
mechanical adj. 机械的
brilliant adj. 聪颖的，绝妙的
词汇精讲
1. frustrated [fr stre t d] adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
feel/be frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼
frustrated =depressed / down / upset
frustrate vt. 挫败；阻止；使沮丧
frustration n. 挫折
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
续写语料库：
A wave of frustration took hold of / seized him completely.
He was overwhelmed/overcome with a wave of frustration.
一股强烈的挫败感将他紧紧包围，完全占据了他的身心。
他被一股汹涌的挫败感所笼罩，难以自拔。
1. Disappointed and _____________, the poor man made his way back to his family.
2. The __________ result really __________ me and I was so __________ that nothing could relieve my __________.
3. I felt like crying ______frustration.
4. Lily sat in his empty shop feeling extremely ____________ (frustrate).
frustrating
frustrated
frustrated
with
frustration
frustrated
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
frustrated
2.subscribe [s b skra b] vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
subscribe to　同意，赞同；订购；订阅；捐助
an annual subscription 一年期订阅
take out a subscription to Newsweek 订阅《新闻周刊》
subscriber n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者
subscription n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款
1. I subscribed to several magazines.
2. We subscribe to several sports channels on TV.
3. We prefer to subscribe to an alternative explanation.
4. He is one of the millions who subscribe to the NSPCC.
他是数百万个定期向英国全国防止虐待儿童协会捐款的人士之一。
我们更赞同另一种解释。
我们付费收看好几个体育频道。
我订了几份杂志。
【即学即练】写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I subscribe to Reader’s Digest magazine. ________
2. We subscribe to an animal protection society. ________
3. Each employee may subscribe for up to $2,00 worth of shares. ________
4. We no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers. ________
订阅
认购（股份）
定期捐款
同意 / 赞成
① Some even offer a (subscribe) service with quarterly or even monthly updates.
② Many companies (subscribe) generously to the football club so far.
③ Write away now for the free album offered to every new (subscribe).
④ He the view that children benefit from being independent.
他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。
subscription
have subscribed
subscriber
subscribes to
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
1. If you suspect a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light.
如果你怀疑煤气泄漏，不要划火柴，甚至不要打开电灯。
2. She had no reason to suspect that Sylvia had not told the truth.
她没有理由怀疑西尔维娅没说实话。
3. We are appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.
我们呼吁任何人看到犯罪嫌疑人后与我们联系。
3. suspect [s spekt] v. 疑有, 怀疑 n.嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象
(1) suspect that... 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
(2) a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯
the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
suspicion n.怀疑
suspicious adj. 怀疑的；不信任的 = doubtful/skeptical / sceptical
① We suspected the officer having a hand in the affair.
② Judging from his abnormal behaviour, I suspected him (be) a thief.
③ The police carrying drugs so they went through his bag, but found nothing.
警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此搜查了他的包，但什么也没发现。
of
to be
suspected him of
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
4.blame [ble m] vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责
(1) be to blame (for sth.) 该(为……)受责备；应该(为……)负责
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人
be blamed for 因……受谴责/责备
(2) accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
lay/put the blame on 把责任归咎于……
1. You are to blame for this accident. After all, it was your carelessness that led to it.
你应该为这次事故负责。毕竟，是你的粗心大意导致了它。
2. She blamed her failure on bad luck.
她把自己的失败归咎于运气不好。
3. The teacher blamed him for not handing in his homework on time.
老师因为他没有按时交作业而责备他。
4. You should take the blame for your actions.
你应该为你的行为负责。
5. They laid the blame on the new employee for the delay.
他们把延误的责任归咎于新员工。
be to blame不能用被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动含义。
① The failure of the experiment cannot be blamed him alone.
② Mary, rather than you, is (blame) for not finishing the work on time.
③ She blamed her husband the failure of their marriage.
④ (blame) by the teacher, Mary was pulling a long face.
⑤ Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and the alarm clock.
很多人发现早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。
on
to blame
for
Blamed
put the blame on
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
5.multiple ['m lt pl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的
n. [C] 倍数
前缀 multi-
前缀 multi- 可加在单词前构成新词，其含义是 “多的”“多倍的”。
例如：multiple 多个的 multi-cultural 多元文化的 multimedia 多媒体
写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. Multifunctional furniture can be used for guests to sleep. ________
2. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organisation.
________
3. The bottom of the ocean is full of various and multicoloured coral（珊瑚）.
________
4. The research indicates that people who multitask have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time. ________
多功能的
多国的
同时处理多项任务
多彩的 / 五彩斑斓的
6.handle [ h ndl] n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵
get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白
处理= solve/tackle/do with/deal with/cope with/ address / process / approach/dispose of /attend to
turn the handle
the handle of a knife
handle
写出下列句中handle的含义
①How to handle the machine is a puzzle to all the people there. ______
②He turned the handle and closed the door. ______
③They handle the problem once and for all. ______
操纵
把手
处理
把手；柄
处理；应付
（ “掌”握局势、人、工作或情感）
（用手）触；碰；拿
（词源义）
操纵；驾驭
（用“手”接触车辆、动物、工具等以控制）
7.link [l k] n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把…连接起来；相关联
(1) a link between...(and...) ……(和……)之间的连接(联系)
(2) link A to/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来
link up (with sb./sth.) (与某人/某物)连接，结合
be linked to/with... 与……有联系/有关
1. Scientists have found a link between lack of sleep and poor memory.
科学家们发现了缺乏睡眠和记忆力差之间的联系。
2. We should link theory to/with practice.我们应该把理论和实践联系起来。
3. The two roads link up with each other at the bridge.这两条路在桥上相互连接。
4. The new company hopes to link up with some established enterprises.
这家新公司希望与一些老牌企业结合。
5. The disease is linked to/with poor living conditions.这种疾病与恶劣的生活条件有关。
① Police suspected there may be a link the two murders.
② The video cameras (link) to a powerful computer.
③ The Channel Tunnel links Britain the rest of Europe.
④ The space shuttle will link up the space station this afternoon.
⑤ There is convincing proof that skin cancer exposure to the sun.
有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。
between
are linked
with/to
with
is linked to
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
8.decrease [d 'kri s] v.减少; 减小; 降低 n.减少; 降低: 减少量
decrease同义词: reduce/decline / go down / fall / drop /shrink
(1) decrease to... 减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to... 从……减少到……
(2) on the decrease 正在减少
increase v. 增加 = rise / go up / grow / surge / skyrocket/boom/swell
1. The number of students in this class decreased to 30. 这个班级的学生人数减少到了 30 人。
2. The price of this product decreased by 20 percent. 这个产品的价格减少了百分之二十。
3. The population of the town decreased from 50,000 to 40,000. 这个城镇的人口从 5 万减少到了 4 万。
4. The crime rate in this area is on the decrease. 这个地区的犯罪率正在减少。
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The number of independent firms decreased ________ 198 ________ 96.
2. There has been a steady decrease ________ the number of visitors.
3. The price of wheat has decreased ________ 5%.
4. The __________ (decrease) numbers of fish make fishing much more difficult.
to
from
in
by
decreasing
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
9.solid ['s l d] adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 n. 固体
solid evidence确凿证据
a solid foundation 坚实的基础
solid fuel/food固体燃料/食物
a solid ball 实心球
liquid : adj.液体的, 液态的 n.液体
gas 气体
1. Solids turn to liquids at certain temperatures. ___________
2. He did not eat solid food for several weeks. ___________
3. A tennis ball is hollow（空心的）, but a base ball is solid. ___________
4. If your race car isn’t insured（投保）, you may risk losing everything when it hits something solid. ___________
5. The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.（2012 浙江） ___________
6. The taps appeared to be made of solid gold. ___________
固体
固体的
实心的
坚硬的
可靠的
纯金
1. The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains.
橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。
2. She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.
她向他微笑以示欢迎。
3. The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile.
价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。
4. Don’t let yourself be cast down by a small failure in the experiment. Try again.
不要让自己被实验中一个小小的失败所打倒。再试一次。
10.cast [kɑ st] v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容)
cast a glimpse/ɡl mps/ of 一瞥
cast light on 使……清楚;使人了解
cast doubt on 质疑;引起对……的怀疑
cast a shadow over 给……投下阴影
cast/run an eye/one’s eyes over sth. 用眼光瞥(或扫)；匆匆查看；粗略地看一看
cast/shed/throw light on sth. 使(问题等)较容易理解
be cast down (by sth.) (因某事)沮丧，不愉快
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Again she cast a look toward the window. ______
2. The play is being cast in both the US and Britain. ________
3. The site where Zhang Xianzhong cast lumps（块）of pure silver is being dug.
________
4. To qualify, candidates must get at least 10% of the votes cast. ________
投射（视线）
挑选演员
扔
投票
① Anyone would be cast by such news as that.
② The moon (cast) bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.
③ Those clouds would have that would have blocked some sunlight out.
那些云朵原本会投射出阴影，挡住一些太阳光。
down
cast
cast shadows
【即学即练】单句语法填空。
11.pour [p (r)] v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料)
pour out 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历)
pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下；
rain/pour cats and dogs下倾盆大雨
pour into/in 涌进
流泪：
tears pour/ roll/run/ stream/ flow down one’s cheek
1)She poured out all her troubles to him.
2)The rain continued to pour down.
3)Light was pouring into/in the courtyard.
4)He was so frustrated that tears poured down his cheeks.
读后续写“流泪”表达积累：
burst into tears/burst out crying
be in tears/be close to tears/have tears in one’s eyes
tears well up in one’s eyes
weep/cry/sob
tears pour/ roll/run/ stream down one’s cheek
泪水从某人的脸颊倾泻而下 / 滚落下来 / 流淌下来 / 如溪流般流下。
突然大哭起来
流着泪；快要哭了；眼里含着泪水
泪水涌上某人的眼眶
哭泣；大哭；抽泣
她向他倾诉了自己所有的烦恼。
雨继续倾盆而下。
光线倾泻在院子里。
他是那样沮丧，泪水顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。
12.fault [f lt] n.[U]责任；过失；过错 [C] 缺点；缺陷；故障
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错；有责任
find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病
faultless adj 无错误的；完美无缺的 (perfect)
faulty adj 有错误的；有缺陷的=imperfect
1. The police arrived at the scene and concluded that the driver was at fault.
2. You are too ready to find fault with other people.
3. Why should I say sorry when it’s not my fault
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. He has many faults, but dishonesty isn’t one of them. __________
2. There is a fault in the electrical system. __________
3. She believes it was the doctor’s fault that the patient died. __________
根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. He is such a man who is always __________________（挑剔）other
people.
2. “I don’t think ______________（是我的过错）that the TV blew up.
I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy.
3. Parents are ___________（有责任）for the change in their children.
缺点
故障
过错 / 责任
it’s my fault
finding fault with
at fault
13.shift [ ft] n. 改变; 转换; 轮班 v.转移; 挪动; 转向
- a shift in the wind 风向有变
- the shift key (计算机)转换键
- be on the day / night shift 值白/夜班
- shift work 轮班工作
- shift the furniture 搬家具
- shift the media’s attention 转移媒体的注意力
1. Within four hours of my first shift, I had angry customers who complained how slow I was.（2012 湖南） ___________
2. The 21st century has been seeing a gradual shift of people from the country to the town. ___________
3. You must press the shift key before entering each letter. ___________
4. Someone has shifted my bicycle and I can’t find it. ___________
5. Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.（2019 江苏） ___________
6. Public attitudes towards the Internet have shifted over the past 50 years. ___________
轮班
转移
转换键
（使）移动
（使）转移
改变
Unit 1
Thank You !
Words and Expressions
新人教选必二