2025届高考英语专项复习 五年（2020—2024年）真题专项分类汇编3 阅读理解 社会类(含解析)
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语专项复习 五年（2020—2024年）真题专项分类汇编3 阅读理解 社会类(含解析) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-11-03 19:21:37 | ||
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考点3 阅读理解 社会类—五年（2020—2024年）高考英语真题专项分类汇编
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10: 00 am–1: 00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10: 00 am–2: 30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9: 30 am–2: 30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3．What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
4．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people's errors. D. The design of Galton's experiment.
5．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
6．What did the follow-up study focus on
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
7．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted(分心) driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior," said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
8．Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary. C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.
9．What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A.Where a driver came from. B.Whether a driver used their phone.
C.How fast a driver was going. D.When a driver arrived at the scene.
10．What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.
11．What is a suitable title for the text
A.To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B.Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C.New York Banning Hand—Held Devices by Drivers
D.The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte wits, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., Which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat." Curtin says.
12．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
13．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
14．What does Curtin's company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
15．What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often "no". The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis (假说)." According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies -say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
16．What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
17．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
18．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepаre.
C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.
19．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
20．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
21．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
22．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
23．What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry and failed attempts to use technology have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
24．What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A.Soil pollution. B.Lack of workers. C.Aging machines. D.Low profitability.
25．What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A.Monitor the quality of grass. B.Cure the diseased cattle.
C.Move cattle to another field. D.Predict weather changes.
26．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A.He wants to help them earn a living.
B.He thinks men can do the job better.
C.He is inexperienced in using robots.
D.He enjoys the traditional way of life.
27．How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A.Increase the value of cattle. B.Bring down the cost of labor.
C.Make the job more appealing. D.Keep cattle from being stolen.
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
28．What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
29．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A. It is packed with complex codes.
B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions.
D. It is intended for AI professionals.
30．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
31．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
参考答案
1．答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas"和"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species"可知，栖息地恢复团队的目标是保护当地的生态系统。故选C。
2．答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome."可知，加入栖息地恢复团队的最低年龄是10岁。故选B。
3．答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary."可知，志愿者甚至会在恶劣的天气条件下工作。故选B。
4．答案： B
解析：主旨大意题。通读第二段可知，本段解释了"群体智慧"效应的底层逻辑。故选B。
5．答案： D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent."和第三段"when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals"可知，Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均准确率依旧会提升。故选D。
6．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段"Most frequently, the groups reported that they 'shared arguments and reasoned together.' Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error."可知，后续研究的重点是小组的讨论过程。故选C。
7．答案： D
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段"Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous."可知，作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。故选D。
8．答案：A
解析：推断。根据第一段内容可知,在过去的七年里,大多数州都禁止司机发短信,公共服务活动也尝试了多种方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。再根据第二段第一句"Yet the problem...to be getting worse"可知,虽然几乎使用了各种各样的方法,但是情况却似乎越来越糟糕了。所以这些方法是无效的。故选A项。
9．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据第五段最后一句"The technology could...hands-free driving laws"可知,这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件,或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。由此可知, Textalyzer能够帮警官确定司机是否使用了手机。故选B项。
10．答案：D
解析：理解词汇。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,如果Textalyzer法案成为法律,人们将更害怕从而不敢在开车时使用手机,即人们将改变自己的行为。由此可推知, something在此处指代的是法律。故选D项。A项"建议"、B项"数据"、C项"考试"都与原文的逻辑违背。
11．答案：B
解析：理解文章主旨要义。综观全文内容可知,本文主要讲了为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成分心从而引发交通事故的问题,纽约的立法者提出使用Textalyzer这一设备来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。故B项最适合作本文标题。A项"开车还是不开 三思而行"和C项"纽约禁止司机使用手持设备"对关键信息Textalyzer未提及,D项"下一代手机:Textalyzer"则完全误解了Textalyzer的作用。
12．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。题干问的是"作者想要通过讲芝麻菜的故事表达什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第一段。根据第一段的最后一句可知, 更糟糕的是, 作者不假思索地买了太多东西; 作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知, 我们有时会无意中浪费食物。故选B项。
13．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。题干问的是"根据文本内容, 食物浪费的一个后果是什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第三段。根据第三段第一句可知, 生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源, 这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知, 食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。故选B项。
14．答案：D
解析：推断。题干问的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第四段。根据第四段中的"Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields"可知, 该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品, 回收了超过807500磅的食物, 否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知, Curtin的公司把一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物。故选D项。
15．答案：A
解析：推断。题干问的是"Curtin建议人们做什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可推知, Curtin建议人们减少食物浪费。故选A项。
16．答案：D
解析：理解词汇。读题:题干问"第二段中画线短语shine through是什么意思"。A项"似乎不太可能长久";B项"似乎难以解释";C项"准备好使用";D项"变得容易被注意到"。解题:本段第一句谈到当阅读几百字或更多字的文本时,有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功,接着谈到大量的研究证实了这一发现。故画线短语所在部分应该是指从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时,这种有纸化阅读的好处尤其明显,也就是说很容易被注意到,答案为D。
17．答案：A
解析：理解具休信息。读题:题干问" '浅化假说'假定了什么"。A项"读者轻率对待电子文本";B项"电子文本更容易理解";C项"人们随机选择电子文本";D项"电子文本适用于社交媒体"。解题:根据题干中的shallowing hypothesis可以将答案定位在第四段中。根据第四段中的"which are often not so serious"以及"devote less mental effort"可知在对待电子文本的时候,读者通常不是很严肃,同时比阅读纸质文本时投入的精力要少,即读者对电子文本不是很重视,答案为A。
18．答案：A
解析：理解具体信息。读题:题干问"为什么音频和视频越来越多地被大学教师使用"。A项"它们可以吸引学生的注意力";B项"它们准备起来更方便";C项"它们帮助培养先进技能";D项"它们比文本提供更多信息"。解题:根据题干可将解题信息定位在第五段。本段第一句谈到音频和视频比文字更吸引人,所以大学教师越来越多地改用这些技术,故选A。
19．答案：C
解析：推断。最后一段首先谈到电子文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用,特别是在提供纸质文本无法提供的资源时。"However"后提到为了最大限度地进行需要集中注意力和反思的学习,教育者不应该假设所有媒体都是一样的,即使它们包含相同的词汇。这与倒数第二段最后一句中的信息意思一致:当成年人阅读新闻故事时,他们比听或看相同的片段能记住更多内容,也就是说有纸化学习在教育中是不能完全被取代的,答案为C。A项"学生们应该应用多种学习技巧";B项"教师应制作自己的教材";C项"纸质文本在教育中是不能完全被取代的";D项"课堂外的教育不容忽视"。
20．答案：D
解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中的"says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts"可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts项目的创始人之一。故D项正确。
21．答案：C
解析：理解具体信息。本题问的是在这个项目初创时Jaramillo面临的一个问题是什么。根据第二段中的"The kids...come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful" "some are initially...turned off by the dirt"可知,这个项目刚开始时面临的一个问题就是她的一些学生不喜欢干菜园的活儿。故C项正确。A项(学生家长不信任她)、B项(学生们没时间上她的课)和D项(没有空间给学校开辟菜园)在原文中都没有提及。
22．答案：A
解析：推断。根据最后一段可知,这个学校菜园项目不仅能让学生吃得更有营养,而且还让那些有情绪控制问题的学生感到成功。由此可推知,该项目的影响是深远的。故A项正确。
23．答案：C
解析：理解文章主旨要义。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了AbbyJaramillo发起Urban Sprouts 项目,带领学生种植蔬菜,学生们开始对园艺感兴趣的故事。因此C项"蔬菜种植爱好者"适合作为本文标题。
24．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段内容可知,养牛业数十年来依靠低端科技,但是现在却面临劳动力短缺的问题。故B项正确。
25．答案：A
解析：理解具体信息。根据第二段中的"The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass"可知,通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地可以跟踪草场质量。故机器人能够监测草的质量。故A项正确。
26．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据第四段中的"But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job...him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse"可知,他认为机器人不适合做这份工作,最好的方法仍然是通过人力来完成。故B项正确。
27．答案：D
解析：理解具体信息。根据第五段中的"a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft"可知,机器人在防止牛被盗方面非常有用。故D项正确。
28．答案： C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段"In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable."可知，如果写书的人不像Campbell那样专业，这本书可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂。If written by someone less competent(如果写书的人能力不足)与划线短语含义相近。故选C。
29．答案： B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative"可知，这本书采用了一种接地气的写作风格。故选B。
30．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段"She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence"和第四段"Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it."可知，Campbell建议人工智能的负责人和专家联合起来，控制人工智能的发展。故选C。
31．答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it."可知，本文主要推荐了一本关于人工智能的书。故选A。
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10: 00 am–1: 00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10: 00 am–2: 30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9: 30 am–2: 30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
1．What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
2．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3．What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
4．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people's errors. D. The design of Galton's experiment.
5．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
6．What did the follow-up study focus on
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
7．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted(分心) driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior," said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
8．Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US
A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary. C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.
9．What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out
A.Where a driver came from. B.Whether a driver used their phone.
C.How fast a driver was going. D.When a driver arrived at the scene.
10．What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to
A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.
11．What is a suitable title for the text
A.To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start
B.Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C.New York Banning Hand—Held Devices by Drivers
D.The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte wits, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., Which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat." Curtin says.
12．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
13．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
14．What does Curtin's company do
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
15．What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often "no". The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage-to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they've read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called "shallowing hypothesis (假说)." According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies -say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
16．What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
17．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly.
D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
18．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepаre.
C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.
19．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
20．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
21．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
22．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
23．What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry and failed attempts to use technology have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
24．What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A.Soil pollution. B.Lack of workers. C.Aging machines. D.Low profitability.
25．What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A.Monitor the quality of grass. B.Cure the diseased cattle.
C.Move cattle to another field. D.Predict weather changes.
26．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A.He wants to help them earn a living.
B.He thinks men can do the job better.
C.He is inexperienced in using robots.
D.He enjoys the traditional way of life.
27．How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A.Increase the value of cattle. B.Bring down the cost of labor.
C.Make the job more appealing. D.Keep cattle from being stolen.
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of "narrow-AI" to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a "tipping point" in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
28．What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
29．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
A. It is packed with complex codes.
B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions.
D. It is intended for AI professionals.
30．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
31．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
参考答案
1．答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas"和"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species"可知，栖息地恢复团队的目标是保护当地的生态系统。故选C。
2．答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome."可知，加入栖息地恢复团队的最低年龄是10岁。故选B。
3．答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary."可知，志愿者甚至会在恶劣的天气条件下工作。故选B。
4．答案： B
解析：主旨大意题。通读第二段可知，本段解释了"群体智慧"效应的底层逻辑。故选B。
5．答案： D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent."和第三段"when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals"可知，Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均准确率依旧会提升。故选D。
6．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段"Most frequently, the groups reported that they 'shared arguments and reasoned together.' Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error."可知，后续研究的重点是小组的讨论过程。故选C。
7．答案： D
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段"Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous."可知，作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。故选D。
8．答案：A
解析：推断。根据第一段内容可知,在过去的七年里,大多数州都禁止司机发短信,公共服务活动也尝试了多种方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。再根据第二段第一句"Yet the problem...to be getting worse"可知,虽然几乎使用了各种各样的方法,但是情况却似乎越来越糟糕了。所以这些方法是无效的。故选A项。
9．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据第五段最后一句"The technology could...hands-free driving laws"可知,这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件,或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。由此可知, Textalyzer能够帮警官确定司机是否使用了手机。故选B项。
10．答案：D
解析：理解词汇。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,如果Textalyzer法案成为法律,人们将更害怕从而不敢在开车时使用手机,即人们将改变自己的行为。由此可推知, something在此处指代的是法律。故选D项。A项"建议"、B项"数据"、C项"考试"都与原文的逻辑违背。
11．答案：B
解析：理解文章主旨要义。综观全文内容可知,本文主要讲了为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成分心从而引发交通事故的问题,纽约的立法者提出使用Textalyzer这一设备来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。故B项最适合作本文标题。A项"开车还是不开 三思而行"和C项"纽约禁止司机使用手持设备"对关键信息Textalyzer未提及,D项"下一代手机:Textalyzer"则完全误解了Textalyzer的作用。
12．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。题干问的是"作者想要通过讲芝麻菜的故事表达什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第一段。根据第一段的最后一句可知, 更糟糕的是, 作者不假思索地买了太多东西; 作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知, 我们有时会无意中浪费食物。故选B项。
13．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。题干问的是"根据文本内容, 食物浪费的一个后果是什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第三段。根据第三段第一句可知, 生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源, 这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知, 食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。故选B项。
14．答案：D
解析：推断。题干问的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第四段。根据第四段中的"Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields"可知, 该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品, 回收了超过807500磅的食物, 否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知, Curtin的公司把一些人们不需要的东西变成可以吃的健康食物。故选D项。
15．答案：A
解析：推断。题干问的是"Curtin建议人们做什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可推知, Curtin建议人们减少食物浪费。故选A项。
16．答案：D
解析：理解词汇。读题:题干问"第二段中画线短语shine through是什么意思"。A项"似乎不太可能长久";B项"似乎难以解释";C项"准备好使用";D项"变得容易被注意到"。解题:本段第一句谈到当阅读几百字或更多字的文本时,有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功,接着谈到大量的研究证实了这一发现。故画线短语所在部分应该是指从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时,这种有纸化阅读的好处尤其明显,也就是说很容易被注意到,答案为D。
17．答案：A
解析：理解具休信息。读题:题干问" '浅化假说'假定了什么"。A项"读者轻率对待电子文本";B项"电子文本更容易理解";C项"人们随机选择电子文本";D项"电子文本适用于社交媒体"。解题:根据题干中的shallowing hypothesis可以将答案定位在第四段中。根据第四段中的"which are often not so serious"以及"devote less mental effort"可知在对待电子文本的时候,读者通常不是很严肃,同时比阅读纸质文本时投入的精力要少,即读者对电子文本不是很重视,答案为A。
18．答案：A
解析：理解具体信息。读题:题干问"为什么音频和视频越来越多地被大学教师使用"。A项"它们可以吸引学生的注意力";B项"它们准备起来更方便";C项"它们帮助培养先进技能";D项"它们比文本提供更多信息"。解题:根据题干可将解题信息定位在第五段。本段第一句谈到音频和视频比文字更吸引人,所以大学教师越来越多地改用这些技术,故选A。
19．答案：C
解析：推断。最后一段首先谈到电子文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用,特别是在提供纸质文本无法提供的资源时。"However"后提到为了最大限度地进行需要集中注意力和反思的学习,教育者不应该假设所有媒体都是一样的,即使它们包含相同的词汇。这与倒数第二段最后一句中的信息意思一致:当成年人阅读新闻故事时,他们比听或看相同的片段能记住更多内容,也就是说有纸化学习在教育中是不能完全被取代的,答案为C。A项"学生们应该应用多种学习技巧";B项"教师应制作自己的教材";C项"纸质文本在教育中是不能完全被取代的";D项"课堂外的教育不容忽视"。
20．答案：D
解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中的"says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts"可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts项目的创始人之一。故D项正确。
21．答案：C
解析：理解具体信息。本题问的是在这个项目初创时Jaramillo面临的一个问题是什么。根据第二段中的"The kids...come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful" "some are initially...turned off by the dirt"可知,这个项目刚开始时面临的一个问题就是她的一些学生不喜欢干菜园的活儿。故C项正确。A项(学生家长不信任她)、B项(学生们没时间上她的课)和D项(没有空间给学校开辟菜园)在原文中都没有提及。
22．答案：A
解析：推断。根据最后一段可知,这个学校菜园项目不仅能让学生吃得更有营养,而且还让那些有情绪控制问题的学生感到成功。由此可推知,该项目的影响是深远的。故A项正确。
23．答案：C
解析：理解文章主旨要义。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了AbbyJaramillo发起Urban Sprouts 项目,带领学生种植蔬菜,学生们开始对园艺感兴趣的故事。因此C项"蔬菜种植爱好者"适合作为本文标题。
24．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段内容可知,养牛业数十年来依靠低端科技,但是现在却面临劳动力短缺的问题。故B项正确。
25．答案：A
解析：理解具体信息。根据第二段中的"The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass"可知,通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地可以跟踪草场质量。故机器人能够监测草的质量。故A项正确。
26．答案：B
解析：理解具体信息。根据第四段中的"But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job...him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse"可知,他认为机器人不适合做这份工作,最好的方法仍然是通过人力来完成。故B项正确。
27．答案：D
解析：理解具体信息。根据第五段中的"a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft"可知,机器人在防止牛被盗方面非常有用。故D项正确。
28．答案： C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段"In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable."可知，如果写书的人不像Campbell那样专业，这本书可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂。If written by someone less competent(如果写书的人能力不足)与划线短语含义相近。故选C。
29．答案： B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative"可知，这本书采用了一种接地气的写作风格。故选B。
30．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段"She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence"和第四段"Campbell's point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it."可知，Campbell建议人工智能的负责人和专家联合起来，控制人工智能的发展。故选C。
31．答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it."可知，本文主要推荐了一本关于人工智能的书。故选A。