2025译林版高中英语必修第三册强化练习题--Unit 4　Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025译林版高中英语必修第三册
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She took a　　　　(广泛的) view of the duties of being a teacher.
2.(2024海南月考)D　　　　 from e-commerce platforms show a great increase in the search for hanfu.
3.(2021浙江)I'm glad you will be contributing to the 　　　　(家庭).
4.The new English Corner plans to 　　　　(实施) various English learning activities.
5.(2022全国甲)In a recent 　　　　(实验), cockatoos(凤头鹦鹉) were presented with a box with a nut inside it.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2024江苏无锡月考)He told a reporter that his 　　　　　 (survive) was a real wonder.
2.(2024江西期末)The fame of Zibo barbecue used to be 　　　　　(limit) to just Shandong Province.
3.Your cotton goods have not been 　　　　　(sufficient) advertised.
4.(2022全国甲)My　　　　　(intend) to write this essay is to call for all the people to protect the ocean.
5.(2024江苏盐城月考)According to a report, the social interaction(互动) that happens while playing tennis with someone else is beneficial 　　　　　 mental well-being.
6.He is a man of 　　　　　(wise), which can be seen from his comments on this film.
7.The company is developing a new kind of paper which is 　　　　　(intend) to prevent teenagers from getting short-sighted.
8.(2020新高考Ⅱ)With all the work 　　　　　(finish), we went back home happily.
9.Due to the bad weather, the school sports meeting will 　　　　　(postpone) to next Monday.
Ⅲ.选词填空
speed up;pay off;refer to;through trial and error; draw on
Living in a village, Tom often saw farmers washing potatoes with great efforts. One day, it occurred to him that maybe he could invent a machine to help them. 1.　　　　　　many books about mechanics, he learned a lot and began to take action. 2.　　　　　　, his efforts finally 3.　　　　　　. The machine was very popular. 4.　　　　　　 the machine invented by Tom, local farmers' lives were 5.　　　　　　.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.杰夫的手碰到了热炉子,但是直到他父亲进来他才哭起来。
Jeff's hand touched the hot burner but he　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 his father came in.(读后续写—情节描写)
2.说完这些话,他看了一下他的手表,然后生气地离开了。(with+宾语+宾补)
　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, he glanced at his watch and left angrily.(读后续写—动作描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Born in 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu Youyou has acquired a broad knowledge of both　1　(tradition) Chinese medicine and Western medicine after a long period of study. In 1969, Tu began to lead 　2　 team that intended to find a cure for malaria. When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books. 　3　(inspire) by an old text, she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. However, without sufficient safety data, Tu and her team couldn't test the extract on real patients. They decided to test it on 　4　(they) first.
Fortunately, their efforts finally paid 　5　. In November 1972, they 　6　(successful) discovered qinghaosu, 　7　 is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients. In 2015, Tu 　8　(award) a Nobel Prize for her work, becoming the first Chinese female scientist 　9　(receive) a Nobel Prize. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients now have a great chance of 　10　(survive).
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2024江苏镇江十校联考期中)
Ancient art doesn't have to be boring. Technology in the 21st century can help to bring it　1　 life by integrating the best of the old and the new.
　2　(walk) into the China Pavilion at Expo 2010 in Shanghai, people 　3　(amaze) by the sight of a huge digital painting. It was a digital version of the famous painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival by the Chinese artist Zhang Zeduan.
The original painting shows life during the Northern Song period,　4　 involves many details of ancient Chinese customs, lifestyles and technology.
As to the digital painting, a lot of these details are animated. Farmers work in their fields; 　5　(sail) move around on their boats and people eat and conduct business in restaurants. Parts of the background 　6　(process) in the same way. You can see the wind blowing through the trees 　7　 across the water. These animations 　8　(perfect) integrate modern technology and ancient art.
Digital technology enables today's artists　9　(express) their ideas in ways that ancient artists would not believe possible. Techniques such as animation and 3D projection make art come alive.
Digitising ancient art allows us to explore the practices of long ago. It also makes the art　10　(access) to the world while protecting the original artworks for the future.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2024江苏无锡、江阴两校联考月考)
Valerie L. Thomas is an African American scientist and inventor best known for her patented(专利的) illusion transmitter(幻觉发射器) and contributions to NASA research.
Thomas was born in 1943 in Maryland. She was interested in science as a child. At the age of eight, her curiosity about how things worked inspired her to borrow a book called The Boy's First Book of Radio and Electronics. She took it home and hoped that her father would help her take on some projects in it. However, he didn't help her.
She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands-on projects either. But this changed in college, when Thomas was admitted to Morgan State University as one of the only two women in her class to major in physics. Thomas excelled in her studies. She graduated with standout results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA.
In the 1970s, she managed the development of the image-processing systems for Landsat, the first satellite(人造卫星) to send images to the Earth from space. In 1980, Thomas received a patent for an illusion transmitter. The device produces optical(视觉的) illusion images by means of two concave mirrors(凹面镜). Unlike flat mirrors, which produce images that appear to be inside, or behind the mirror, concave mirrors create images that appear to be real, or in front of the mirror itself. This technology was later used by NASA and has since been adapted for use in surgery(外科手术) as well as the production of television and video screens.
Thomas continued to work for NASA until her retirement in 1995. Over the course of her career, Thomas contributed widely to the study of space. She helped develop computer program designs that supported research on Halley's Comet, the ozone layer, and satellite technology. As to her achievements, Thomas received a number of NASA awards including the Goddard Space Flight Center Award of Merit and the NASA Equal Opportunity Medal.
1.What do we know about Thomas' early life
A.She was talented in science.　　　
B.She liked working with her father.
C.She lacked support for her interest.　　　
D.She preferred to read boys' books.
2.What does the underlined phrase “excelled in” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Did well in.　　　B.Had confidence in.　　　
C.Was curious about.　　　D.Was concerned with.
3.What is the advantage of Thomas' invention over flat mirrors
A.It takes pictures more clearly.　　　
B.It transmits images more quickly.
C.It changes the position of the image.　　　
D.It can send images to the Earth from space.
4.What does the last paragraph focus on
A.Thomas' future plans.　　　B.Thomas' retirement life.
C.Thomas' research theory.　　　D.Thomas' lifetime achievements.
B
(2024河北衡水部分高中期中)
Deep sleep doesn't just rest your body. Scientists believe it's also when the brain washes away toxins(毒素), with a new project looking at whether the brain's self-clean can be boosted.
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute(SAHMRI) neuroscientist Dr Tim Sargeant has teamed up with Dr Edward Robins from SAHMRI's Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit to develop a brain scan that shows how well a brain is cleaning itself. Studies have shown that a clean brain would help with memory while fighting dementia(痴呆).
Scientists believe our brains clean themselves out each night when we enter deep sleep. Cerebrospinal fluid(脑脊液) is thought to wash through the brain, cleaning out toxins. Studies have shown a clear link between poor memory and toxins like the build-up of the sticky plaque(黏性斑块) in the brains. Scientists believe brains that have a build-up of this plaque over time may not be cleaning themselves properly, putting people at risk of dementia.
Fortunately, the hope is that a clean brain would help with memory while fighting dementia. The brain scan will use special material to track how well the brain can keep itself clean and healthy through the process of removing and recycling its waste. “We're aiming to catch the signs of the brain struggling to keep itself clean in individuals around the age of 50 or 60, well before the onset of Alzheimer's disease(阿尔茨海默病) in most people,” Dr Sargeant said.
This new scan, an exciting imaging technology, will allow scientists to form a picture of a living brain and watch how it's recycling waste in real time. “The scan takes out a lot of guesswork, by allowing scientists to see with their own eyes if they've hit the target or not,” Dr Robins said. “Without imaging, a researcher can get all the way up to the trial stage before realising they're at a dead end.”
5.What is the aim of Dr Sargeant and Dr Robins developing the brain scan
A.To help people enter deep sleep.
B.To reduce the risk of memory loss and dementia.
C.To research how to remove the sticky plaque.
D.To study what the brain uses to clean itself.
6.What can cause dementia according to the text
A.Not enough blood in the brain.　　　
B.Too frequent cleaning of the brain.
C.The increase of cerebrospinal fluid.　　　
D.The gradual increase of the sticky plaque.
7.What does the underlined word “onset” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Beginning.　　　B.Improvement.　　　
C.Worsening.　　　D.Disappearance.
8.What does Dr Robins think of the brain scan
A.It brings more work.　　　B.It is just imaginary.
C.It is quite effective.　　　D.It is far from exact.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
Part 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.broad　2.Data　3.household　4.conduct
5.experiment
Ⅱ.1.survival　考查名词。根据his和语境可知设空处应用名词,survival表示“生存,存活”时是不可数名词,故填survival。句意:他告诉记者,他能活下来真是个奇迹。
2.limited　考查过去分词。limit sth. to sth.意为“使某事只在某地存在”,此处为其被动形式,故用limited。句意:淄博烧烤的名气曾经仅限于山东省。
3.sufficiently　考查副词。设空处作状语,应用副词,故填sufficiently。句意:你们的棉织商品的广告做得不够充分。
4.intention　考查名词。根据形容词性物主代词My及语境可知设空处应用名词,故填intention。句意:我写这篇文章的目的是号召所有人来保护海洋。
5.to/for　考查介词。be beneficial to/for...是固定搭配,意为“对……有益”。句意:根据一份报告,与他人打网球时发生的社交互动有利于心理健康。
6.wisdom　考查名词。设空处作介词of的宾语,故用名词。句意:他是一个有智慧的人,这可以从他对这部电影的评论中看出来。
7.intended　考查形容词。be intended to do sth.表示“目的是做某事;旨在做某事”,故填intended。句意:这家公司正在研发一种旨在预防青少年近视的新型纸张。
8.finished　考查过去分词。分析句子可知,此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构,work与finish之间是被动关系,故填finished。句意:所有工作完成后,我们开心地回家了。
9.be postponed　考查动词的语态。设空处与前面的will一起构成句子谓语,主语与postpone之间为被动关系,所以应用被动语态。
Ⅲ.1.Referring to　2.Through trial and error　3.paid off
4.Drawing on　5.speeded up
Ⅳ.1.didn't cry until　2.With these words said
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.traditional　考查形容词。设空处修饰medicine,作定语,应用形容词,故填traditional。traditional Chinese medicine表示“中医”。
2.a　考查冠词。team是可数名词,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,故填a。
3.Inspired　考查过去分词。句中已有谓语动词,因此设空处为非谓语动词,在句中作状语,根据by可知,主语she和inspire之间是被动关系,故填Inspired。
4.themselves　考查反身代词。设空处作介词on的宾语,与主语指代相同,应用反身代词,故填themselves。
5.off　考查固定短语。pay off意为“成功,奏效,达到目的”。
6.successfully　考查副词。设空处修饰动词discovered,应用副词,故填successfully。
7.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,分析该句结构可知,逗号后部分缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,指代qinghaosu,故填which。
8.was awarded　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语In 2015可知此处应用一般过去时,动词award与主语Tu之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语Tu是第三人称单数形式,谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式,故填was awarded。
9.to receive　考查动词不定式。设空处作定语,修饰scientist,且scientist被序数词修饰,应用动词不定式作后置定语。
10.survival　考查名词。设空处作介词of的宾语,结合语境可知应用名词,故填survival。have a great chance of survival表示“有很大的生存希望”。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以《清明上河图》为例,介绍了数字化技术在艺术领域的运用。
1.to　考查介词。句意:21世纪的技术可以通过融合新旧艺术的精华来帮助使其焕发生机。bring...to life是固定短语,意为“使……焕发生机”。故填to。
2.Walking　考查动词-ing形式。分析句子可知,设空处作状语,动词walk与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Walking。
3.were amazed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处是本句的谓语,由at Expo 2010 in Shanghai可知此处应用一般过去时,be amazed by...意为“对……感到惊讶”,主语为people,所以be动词用were。故填were amazed。
4.which　考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,分析句子可知,逗号后部分缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词是The original painting,指物。故填which。
5.sailors　考查名词。根据语境可知,设空处在句中作主语,指人,结合谓语move around可知,设空处需用sailor的复数形式。故填sailors。
6.are processed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处为句子谓语,本段陈述一般事实,process和主语之间是被动关系,所以需用一般现在时的被动语态,主语是复数形式。故填are processed。
7.and　考查连词。through the trees和across the water是并列关系。故填and。
8.perfectly　考查副词。设空处修饰动词integrate,需用副词。故填perfectly。
9.to express　考查动词不定式。enable sb. to do sth.是固定用法,意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填to express。
10.accessible　考查形容词。此处构成“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,由语境可知此处应用形容词。be accessible to...意为“……可见到的”。故填accessible。
【高频词汇】　1.digital adj.数字化的,数码的
2.original adj.原作的;起初的　3.detail n.细节
4.custom n.风俗;习惯　5.background n.背景
6.explore v.探索
【熟词生义】　1.process v.处理,加工　2.practice n.惯常做的事;习惯;习俗
【差距词汇】　1.integrate v.(使)结合,合并　2.animate v.把……制作成动画片→animation n.动画制作;动画片
3.projection n.投影
长难句
原句　Digital technology enables today's artists to express their ideas in ways that ancient artists would not believe possible.
分析　本句是一个主从复合句。主句是“Digital technology...in ways”;从句是that引导的定语从句“that ancient artists...possible”,修饰ways。
译文　数字技术使今天的艺术家能够以古代艺术家认为不可能的方式表达他们的想法。
Ⅲ.A
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了非裔美国科学家瓦莱丽·L. 托马斯的故事。她对美国的太空研究做出了巨大贡献。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“her curiosity about how things worked inspired her to borrow a book...took it home and hoped that her father would help her take on some projects in it. However, he didn't help her.”可知,托马斯把一本书带回家,希望父亲能帮助她完成其中的一些项目,但他没有帮助她;根据第三段中的“She attended an all-girls high school that did not help her with hands-on projects either.”可知,她就读的女子高中也没有帮助她。由此可知,托马斯在早期生活中缺乏别人对她的兴趣的支持,故选C。
2.A　词义猜测题。根据下文“She graduated with standout results and accepted a position as a data analyst at NASA.”可知,她以优异的成绩毕业,并接受了美国国家航空和航天局数据分析师的职位。由此推知,她在学业上“表现良好”。故选A。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unlike flat mirrors...concave mirrors create images that appear to be real, or in front of the mirror itself.”可知,平面镜产生的图像看起来像是在镜子的内部或后面,凹面镜产生的图像看起来像是真实的,或在镜子本身的前面,所以托马斯的发明相对于平面镜的优点是它改变了图像的位置。故选C。
4.D　主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the course of her career, Thomas contributed widely to...She helped develop...As to her achievements, Thomas received a number of NASA awards”可知,托马斯做出了许多贡献,因为她的贡献,她获得了美国国家航空和航天局的多项奖项。由此可知,最后一段主要讲的是托马斯一生的成就。故选D。
【高频词汇】　1.curiosity n.好奇心　2.inspire sb. to do sth.鼓舞某人做某事　3.take on决定做;承担;呈现;接纳;雇用　4.attend v.定期去;参加;出席;陪同;照料　5.admit v.接收;承认;认可　6.adapt v.使适应,使适合
7.retirement n.退休　8.contribute to...有助于……;促进……
【熟词生义】　course n.进程;进展
【差距词汇】　patent n.专利权;专利证书
长难句
原句　Unlike flat mirrors, which produce images that appear to be inside, or behind the mirror, concave mirrors create images that appear to be real, or in front of the mirror itself.
分析　本句是主从复合句。“which produce images...the mirror”为which引导的非限制性定语从句,其中that引导定语从句;第二个that也引导定语从句。
译文　平面镜产生的图像看起来像是在镜子的内部或后面,与平面镜不同的是,凹面镜产生的图像看起来像是真实的,或在镜子本身的前面。
B
◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了科学家们研究深睡眠时大脑自我清洁的现象,发现深睡眠有助于清除大脑中的毒素,与记忆力和抵御痴呆症有关。
5.D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“develop a brain scan that shows how well a brain is cleaning itself”可知,Tim Sargeant博士与Edward Robins博士开发大脑扫描的目的是研究大脑如何自我清洁。故选D。
6.D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,科学家认为,斑块积聚的大脑可能无法正确清洁自己,使人们面临痴呆的风险,所以黏性斑块的增加可能导致痴呆。故选D。
7.A　词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句可知,随着时间推移形成黏性斑块的大脑不能合理清洁自己,使人有痴呆的风险。结合画线词所在句可知,他们的目标是在五六十岁的人中发现大脑努力去保持清洁的迹象。结合常识可知患阿尔茨海默病的人的记忆功能退化,所以推知,此处是指患阿尔茨海默病之前,onset的意思是“开始,发作”。故选A。
8.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段Robins博士所说的话可知,扫描排除了很多猜测,让科学家亲眼看到他们是否击中了目标,在没有成像的情况下,研究人员可能一路走到了试验阶段才意识到他们处于死胡同。所以推知Robins博士认为大脑扫描非常有效,故选C。
【高频词汇】　1.boost v.增强;推动　2.link n.联系,关系　3.properly adv.正确地,适当地　4.put...at risk使……处于危险境地　5.track v.追踪　6.process n.过程,进程　7.recycle v.回收利用　8.target n.目标
【熟词生义】　team v.协作,合作
【差距词汇】　1.build-up n.逐步的增长　2.dead end n.一头封死的道路;死胡同;绝境
长难句
原句　Scientists believe it's also when the brain washes away toxins, with a new project looking at whether the brain's self-clean can be boosted.
分析　本句是一个主从复合句。believe后是省略引导词的宾语从句;when引导表语从句,“with a new project looking...boosted”为with的复合结构,其中whether引导宾语从句。
译文　科学家们认为,这也是大脑清除毒素的时候,一个新的项目正在研究是否可以增强大脑的自我清洁。
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