2025译林版高中英语必修第三册强化练习题--Unit 4　Part 2　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2025译林版高中英语必修第三册
Part 2　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.(2024新课标Ⅰ)Reading researchers have proposed a 　　　　(理论) called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).”
2.Susan is a very　　　　(有才智的) woman who has her own mind.
3.(2020全国Ⅰ)Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total 　　　　(电) consumed in the US.
4.A report from Tsinghua University　　　　(表明) that China's sports-related consumption is expected to reach 2.8 billion yuan by 2025.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.More than 177 million users were 　　　　　 favour of videos featuring traditional culture.
2.(2024北京海淀月考)Chicago and the 　　　　　(surround) area are decorated with beautiful ornaments(装饰品).
3.Henry was about to give up when he was spotted by a ship and so he was saved　　　　　 accident.
4.A student listening attentively and taking notes in class is sure to make a 　　　　　(favour) impression on teachers.
5.I now look forward to　　　　　(go) back to work as soon as possible.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
1.　　　　　 (bring) up by a conductor, Jack has gained some basic knowledge of music.
2.(2024重庆月考)We need to find a place to get our car battery 　　　　　(charge).
3.Shi's factory 　　　　　(establish) in 1992 in Baoding makes products not only for domestic markets but also for customers in more than 40 countries.
4.(2024重庆期中)　　　　　(surround) heavily by our army, the enemies were like a fish in the pot.
5.To show off her skating skills　　　　　(learn) recently, Linda put on a performance wherever she went.
6.She stuck to her post though she had her arm　　　　　(break) a month ago.　
7.Ordinary soap, 　　　　　(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
8.The question　　　　　(discuss) just now is about when to start the journey to the US.
9.With this problem 　　　　　(settle), he began to look for the poor old man.
10.Jim would never forget the happy time　　　　　(spend) with his parents in the countryside.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.请问我可以和负责国际销售的人谈谈吗 (charge)
Could I speak to whoever　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 international sales, please
2.如果没有这次灾难,大多数的村民不会意识到环境保护的重要性。(虚拟语气)
Without the disaster, the majority of villagers 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the importance of protecting the environment. (读后续写—主旨升华)
3.直到19世纪早期,巴赫的音乐天赋才被人们完全认可。(一句多译)
①People　　　　 fully recognize Bach's musical gift 　　　　 the early 19th century.
②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the early 19th century 　　　　 Bach's musical gift was fully recognized by people.(强调句型)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023湖南永州一中3月月考)
Dogs are our best friends. That's especially true after a disaster, such as an earthquake. When buildings fall down, search and rescue dogs help find trapped people. Dogs' amazing noses can pick up the smell of survivors. Now scientists have developed an electronic tool that does the same thing. It's taking smell detection(探测) to a whole new level.
The new invention is a sort of electronic nose, which can detect extremely low levels of many compounds(化合物) from people's skin. This isn't the first time that engineers have developed such an object. Earlier models, however, have been bulky and expensive. They could not detect low levels of target compounds either. The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.
The electronic nose can detect extremely slight smell of more than one compound at the same time. “Being able to do this, in such a small object, is the significant discovery,” says Sotiris E.Pratsinis, a professor of Process Engineering & Materials Science at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. His team tested it in special spaces. They were like the small spaces where people might be trapped. Chemicals given off by the volunteers built up inside. The electronic equipment detected those compounds at unbelievably low levels.
The results were good news for the research team. But they may be not for our four-legged friends, who could soon be out of a job. “Ideally, this technology could replace search and rescue dogs,” Pratsinis says.
Stephen Taylor, an electrical engineer, agrees that the new technology has some advantages over dogs. Still, he thinks it may be too soon to have our trusty friends retire. He says, “I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs.” Taylor also points out some potential limitations of the new invention. “E-noses are beneficial, but can be very likely to be affected by unstable readings and interruption,” he says.
1.Why does the author talk about dogs in the beginning
A.To catch the readers' attention.　　　
B.To introduce the topic about e-noses.
C.To show what search and rescue dogs do.　　　
D.To add background information for discussion.
2.Which of the following best explains “bulky” underlined in Paragraph 2
A.Complex.　　　B.Fragile.　　　C.Handy.　　　D.Large.
3.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.What e-noses' working principle is.　　　
B.How e-noses are made.
C.What differences between dogs and e-noses are.　　　
D.How powerful e-noses are.
4.What does Stephen Taylor mean
A.Dogs and e-noses could work together.
B.Search and rescue dogs will retire soon.
C.E-noses are more reliable than noses of dogs.
D.Dogs are better at finding trapped people.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023广东广州市第七十五中学期末)
Citizen Science
When you read articles or watch TV, you may meet with the words,“citizen science(公众科学)”, every now and then.　1　 It's scientific research done, in whole or in part, by non-professional(非专业的) scientists in public. They can include teachers, students, etc. and act as volunteers.
　2　 For researchers, citizen science can greatly expand the area of a study without making it costly. For example, a bird survey involving volunteers can cover North America in a few weeks and cost a small amount of money. However, paying scientists to conduct the same survey would be very expensive, and it would make the study harder.
For volunteers, citizen science can increase their knowledge of science. Besides, it can be fun and sometimes quite interesting. Many volunteers join in citizen science because they are interested in the environment. 　3　
As to where citizen science takes place, it depends on different research programs. Some will require people to go to a challenging place in the wild. 　4　 Many universities, for example, have certain programs which invite local gardeners to study their plants and offer scientists information on their plants from their gardens.
If you want to get involved in a citizen science project, you should start by being clear about what topic you like. 　5　 If they agree with your request, you can offer your help as a citizen scientist.
A.This term is also known as “crowd science”.
B.Some people may hate taking part in citizen science.
C.Making these people do research has great advantages.
D.For example, volunteers can carry out research in their gardens.
E.And they'd like a chance to communicate with real scientists in the field.
F.Then call a certain organization and ask if you can help with one of its projects.
G.But some research programs can save people traveling a long way.
1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2024江苏无锡期中)
As the Chinese saying goes, “A seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.”
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 　2　 at Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 　3　 experiments. “The first 　4　 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of 　5　 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 　6　 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) 　7　 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
“Generally speaking, a good new　8　 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 　9　 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “　10　, it also should be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team　11　 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy 　12　 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.
“Agricultural research work is 　13　 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 　14　. All we can do is think more, discuss more and find 　15　 on the land,” she said.
1.A.advertising　　　B.cultivating
C.discussing　　　D.observing
2.A.journalist　　　B.researcher
C.teacher　　　D.manager
3.A.precise　　　B.efficient
C.simple　　　D.expensive
4.A.step　　　B.attempt
C.method　　　D.question
5.A.encouragement　　　B.support
C.management　　　D.trial
6.A.near　　　B.continue
C.begin　　　D.repeat
7.A.practice　　　B.application
C.appliance　　　D.invitation
8.A.environment　　　B.machine
C.farmland　　　D.variety
9.A.produce　　　B.enhance
C.show　　　D.develop
10.A.Besides　　　B.However
C.Therefore　　　D.Otherwise
11.A.watered　　　B.bought
C.protected　　　D.planted
12.A.reporting　　　B.designing
C.conducting　　　D.studying
13.A.normal　　　B.tough
C.varied　　　D.specific
14.A.end up　　　B.let down
C.break up　　　D.pay off
15.A.answers　　　B.comfort
C.dreams　　　D.courage
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
Part 2　Grammar and usage &
Integrated skills
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.theory　2.intelligent　3.electricity　4.indicates
Ⅱ.1.in　考查介词。in favour of意为“支持,赞成”。故填in。句意:超过1.77亿用户支持以传统文化为特色的视频。
2.surrounding　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词area,所以用形容词,表示“周围的”。故填surrounding。句意:芝加哥和周边地区都装饰着美丽的装饰品。
3.by　考查介词。by accident意为“意外地”。故填by。句意:亨利正要放弃时,一艘船发现了他,所以他意外地得救了。
4.favourable　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词impression, 需用形容词。故填favourable。句意:一个上课认真听讲、记笔记的学生一定会给老师留下好印象。
5.going　考查动名词。look forward to中的to为介词,此处接动名词形式。故填going。
类比启发
lead to、object to、pay attention to、get used to、get down to、be addicted to、devote oneself to等词组中to均为介词。
Ⅲ.1.Brought　考查过去分词作状语。句中已有谓语动词,设空处应用非谓语形式作状语,主语Jack与bring up之间是被动关系,故填Brought。句意:杰克由一位指挥家带大,已掌握了一些基本的音乐知识。
2.charged　考查过去分词作宾补。此处是“get+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语our car battery和charge之间是被动关系,故填charged。
3.established　考查过去分词作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的Shi's factory,Shi's factory与establish之间是被动关系,故填established。句意:1992年在保定成立的石的工厂不仅为国内市场生产产品,还为四十多个国家的客户生产产品。
4.Surrounded　考查过去分词作状语。the enemies和surround之间是被动关系,故填Surrounded。句意:敌军被我军重重包围,已成为釜底游鱼。
5.learned/learnt　考查过去分词作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的skating skills, skating skills和learn之间是被动关系,故填learned或learnt。句意:为了炫耀她最近学的滑冰技巧,每到一处琳达就表演。
6.broken　考查过去分词作宾补。此处是“have+宾语+宾补”结构,arm和break之间是被动关系,故填broken。句意:尽管一个月前她的手臂骨折了,但她仍坚守岗位。
7.used　考查过去分词作状语。 “　　　correctly”是条件状语,Ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系,故填used。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。
8.discussed　考查过去分词作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的The question, The question和discuss之间是被动关系,故填discussed。句意:刚才讨论的问题是关于何时启程去美国的。
归纳拓展
作后置定语时,being discussed表示“正在被讨论的”,to be discussed表示“将被讨论的”,discussed表示“已经被讨论的”。
9.settled　考查过去分词作宾补。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”结构,problem和settle之间是被动关系,故填settled。句意:解决这个问题之后,他开始寻找那个可怜的老人。
10.spent　考查过去分词作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的the happy time, spend和the happy time之间是被动关系,故填spent。句意:吉姆永远不会忘记和父母在乡下度过的快乐时光。
Ⅳ.1.is in charge of　2.wouldn't be aware of
3.①didn't;until　②It was not until;that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种可以用于探测的电子鼻。
1.B　推理判断题。在第一段中,作者先介绍了狗的鼻子有很多用途,然后介绍科学家现在发明了可以做同样事情的电子鼻,可以推断先提及狗是为了引出电子鼻的话题,故选B。
2.D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Earlier models...bulky and expensive...The new one is inexpensive and small enough to fit inside hand-held equipment.”可知,与早期的电子鼻相比,新型的电子鼻体积小巧,可放入手持设备中,新旧形成对比,由此猜测bulky是“庞大”的意思,故选D。complex复杂的;fragile易碎的;handy便利的。
3.D　主旨大意题。通读第三段,尤其是第一句和最后一句可知,第三段主要介绍了电子鼻可以同时检测到多种化合物的极轻微气味,功能强大,故选D。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I foresee that such an object could add to the fine work done by the dogs.”可知,Stephen Taylor预测电子鼻可以配合狗进行工作,故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.trapped adj.受困的　2.equipment n.设备;用具;才能　3.extremely adv.极度,非常　4.give off散发;释放　5.foresee v.预见;预知　6.interruption n.阻断物;插嘴;暂停
【熟词生义】　model n.(产品等的)型号
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了“公众科学”这一项目及其优势。
1.A　上文引入了citizen science,下文“It's scientific research done, in whole or in part, by non-professional scientists in public.”对这个词进行了解释。结合选项可知A项是对citizen science的补充说明。故选A。
2.C　根据下文“For researchers, citizen science can greatly expand...”和“For volunteers, citizen science can increase...”可知,此处在介绍公众科学的优点,C项(让这些人做研究有很大的好处)引起下文,符合语境。故选C。
3.E　上文“Many volunteers join in citizen science because they are interested in the environment.”介绍了志愿者们愿意加入公众科学的原因——他们对环境感兴趣,E项(他们希望有机会与该领域真正的科学家交流)介绍了另一个原因,与上文是递进关系。故选E。
4.G　由上文“As to where citizen science takes place, it depends on...in the wild.”可知,此处介绍公众科学在哪里进行。G项(但是一些研究项目可以使人们不用长途跋涉)符合语境,“Some will require...”和“some research programs can save...”形成转折。故选G。
5.F　上文说明你应该清楚自己喜欢什么主题的公众科学项目;下文“If they agree with your request, you can offer your help as a citizen scientist.(如果他们同意你的请求,你可以作为公众科学家提供帮助)”是说同意请求,F项表示向某个组织提出申请,符合语境。故选F。
【高频词汇】　1.act as充当,起……作用;扮演……
2.volunteer n.志愿者　3.expand v.扩大,增加　4.take place发生　5.depend on取决于;依赖　6.challenging adj.具有挑战性的　7.request n.& v.要求;请求
8.advantage n.有利条件,优势;优点
【熟词生义】　term n.术语
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。
1.B　根据“13 new varieties of wheat”和“mother of wheat”可知,是“培育”小麦。故选B。
2.B　根据上文“who has spent...contributing to national food security”和下文中的“The research”可推知,张道荣是一位研究小麦的“研究员”。故选B。
3.A　根据“strict standards and”可知,对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和“精确的”实验。故选A。
4.A　根据“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知,找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一“步”。故选A。
5.D　根据本段第一句和最后一句可知,培育新品种需要经过几代的“试验”和选择,才能选出最优的。故选D。
6.C　根据本段中的The first、Then、After可知,此处按时间顺序介绍实验的过程,所以接下来就应该“开始”产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选C。
7.B　根据“for evaluation and approval”可知,几轮测试合格后,可以“申请”评估和批准,以便开始市场生产。 practice练习;application申请;appliance电器;invitation邀请。故选B。
8.D　根据上文“...13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both.”可知,此处是指一个新的“品种”。故选D。
9.C　根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知,此处指新品种要“表现出”良好的抵抗力。故选C。
10.A　根据“it also should be accepted by the market”可知,此处是对上文的补充说明,用besides符合题意。故选A。
11.D　根据该团队培育新品种的事实和“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings each year”可知,此处是指每年“种植”7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。
12.C　根据“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”和选项可知,此处是指“进行”实验。故选C。
13.B　根据“complicated”和上文提到他们一次又一次地试验可知,农业研究是“艰难”且复杂的。normal正常的;tough棘手的,艰难的;varied不同的;specific具体的。故选B。
14.D　根据上文“Agricultural research work is 　13　 and complicated.”可知,农业研究的特点是有时研究人员的付出没有“好结果”。end up最终成为;let down使失望;break up破裂;pay off取得好结果。故选D。
15.A　上文提到有时付出可能没有回报,再结合“think more, discuss more”可知,只能多思考、多讨论,在土地上找到“答案”。故选A。
【高频词汇】　1.contribute to为……做贡献;有助于;促成　2.security n.安全;保障　3.standard n.标准,水平　4.combination n.结合;结合体　5.characteristic n.特征,特点　6.stable adj.稳定的　7.condition n.物质环境,条件;状况
【熟词生义】　variety n.品种
【差距词汇】　1.cultivation n.栽培,种植　2.hybrid n.杂交　3.yield n.产量　4.identification n.确认,确定
5.resistance n.抵抗力
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