期中复习语法专项讲义（无答案）2024-2025学年外研版英语七年级上册

期中复习专题—-语法专项
代词专项---人称代词：
单数 复数 备注
主格 I you he she it we you they 做主语
宾格 me you him her it us you them 做宾语
答题技巧：
1. 先辨别是人还是物，确定是否用it；
2. 如果是第三人称先辩性别，确定用she 还是he；
3. 看所填代词在句子中的位置，一般，动词前是主语要用主格，动词或介词后是宾语，要用宾格。
代词专项--- 物主代词：
单数 复数 备注
形容词性 my your his her its our your their 后有名词
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 后无名词
答题技巧：
1. 先辨别后面有无名词, 有名词用
2. 辨一辨第几人称, 如果是第三人单数称要辩性别；
( ) 1. That girl is looking for _____ dictionary.
A. she B. hers C. her D. his
( ) 2. This is ________ bike It’s a birthday gift from my parents.
A. your B. my C. his D. her
( ) 3. Mr. Wang is very friendly, and ______ like him very much. A. we B. us C. our D. ours
( ) 4. Tom and Mike are good friends. _______ often help each others.
A. They B. Them C. Their D. Theirs
( ) 5. I’m talking to you ,Jack. Please listen to_______ carefully.
A. me B. mine C. you D. yours
时间介词（in、on、at）专项：
1. in+ 季节、年份、月份、in the morning、in the afternoon
2. on+星期几、具体日期、具体某一天的早晨中午晚上
3. at+时刻（点钟）、at noon、 at night、 at dinner
地点介词（in、on、at）
1. in+大地方（国家、城市）in China, in Shanghai
2. at+小地方（家、车站、学校）at home, at school, at the bus stop
3. on+街道、楼层、在上面、左右边 on the street, on the third floor, on the left, on the table
( ) 6. The party will start ______ six o'clock this evening.
A. in B. on C. to D. at
( ) 7．We sent Tiangong II into the space ______ September 15th, 2016.
A. by B. on C.at D.in
( ) 8.We drove 5 hours and finally got to the city _____ Sunday morning.
A. on B. at C. of D. in
( ) 9. A lot of students in our school were born ____ March, 1981.
A. in B. at C. on D. since
( ) 10. --- Is your father home -- No，he’s working late ____ the office.
( )11. I can’t find your math book _____ the book self.
A. at B. to C. of D. on
( )12. ______ the first floor, we have science and computer labs.
A. In B. At C. To D. In
连词专项（and、but、so、because）/or否则：
答题技巧：记清词义是关键；做题时要考虑句子的逻辑关系，并列用and、转折用but、因果关系要分清，前因后果，中间so；前果后因中间because。
练习题：
( ) 13. I had a fever, ____ I went to see a doctor.
A. for B. or C. but D. so
( ) 14.We did not enjoy the day ______ the weather was too bad.
A. or B. because C. but D. so
( ) 15. Nancy is a good student. She studies hard ____ she also likes to help others.
A. and B. so C. but D. or
( ) 16. There are no buses, ____ you’ll have to walk.
A. so B. or C. but D. for
( )17. I like coffee, ______ I don’t like tea.
A. and B. so C. but D. or
时态专项
时态 句子结构 时态标志词
一般现在时 主语 + 动词（主语三单+动词变三单）常态 usually、always、sometimes、often、every day
现在进行时 主语 + 动词be（am、is、are随主语的人称和数发生变化）+doing 正在发生的动作 now，at the moment 或句子前有Look！ Listen！
一般将来时 主语 + will do将要发生的动作 tomorrow next week/Monday in two years
主语 + be（am、is、are随主语的人称和数发生变化）going to do计划的动作
一般过去时 主语 + 动词过去式 （注意动词过去式变化及不规则动词变化）过去发生的动作已经结束的动作 yesterday、….ago the day before yesterday、long ago、once upon a time、last ……. that day、in the past days、just then、just now, once
写出规则动词过去式：+ed
look_______ appear_______ join_______ show_______ rush_______ enjoy_______ serve_______ share_______ face_______ describe_______ smile_______ decide_______
study_______ try_______ carry_______ worry_______ dry_______ plan_______ stop_______
写出不规则动词的过去式：
go_______ do_______ have_______ buy_______ fly_______ wear_______ is_______ are_______ hold_______ make_______ meet_______ get_______ feel_______ fall_______ find_______ begin_______ swim_______ think_______ put_______ write_______ know_______ give_______ ring_______ sing_______ hit _______take_______ read_______ see_______ run_______ hide_______ come_______ build_______ keep_______ win_______ teach_______
答题技巧：圈划时态标志词,看前后句时态.
练习题：
( ) 18. Lucy and Linda always ________ to the park on Sundays.
A. go B. goes C. went D. is going
( ) 19. My grandma ______ exercise every day and she is very healthy.
A. did B. does C. will do D. is doing
( ) 20. Look, the panda _____________ now.
A. sleep B. is sleeping C. sleeps D. slept
( ) 21.Guangzhou is a modern city and it ______ more beautiful in the future.
A. becomes B. became C. will become D. was becoming
( ) 22.Charlie ________ here next month.
A. is working B. works C. work D. will work
( ) 23. Last Sunday I didn’t play football, but I ________ basketball.
A. play B. playing C. played D. will play
( ) 24. My parents and I went to the zoo yesterday and we ____ a good time there.
A. have B. are having C. had D. will have
( ) 25. They _____ her to the party, so she was very happy.
A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting
( )26. ―Where is Mom ―She ______ in the kitchen.
cooked B. is cooking C. has cooked D. cooks
( )27．I ______new school bag yesterday.
A．am buying B．am going to buy C．buy D． bought
( )28. They ________ the sports meeting next week.
A．had B. is going to have C. have D． are going to have
冠词
冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。 冠词分为不定冠词“a，an”、定冠词“the”和零冠词三种。零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。
一、不定冠词 a/an
冠词 包括 区别 举例
不定冠词 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前 a book, a ruler, a university
an 用于元音音素开头的单词前 an egg, an umbrella, an honest boy
用法:
1.表示一类人或物。 Bill is a doctor.比尔是一位医生。 A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能是危险的。
2.表示数量，泛指同类事物中的 “一个”，含有“一”的意思。 There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。
3.表示泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人、何物。 We work five days a week.我们一星期工作5天。
4.用于一些固定短语中 in a hurry, have a look, a lot of, a moment ago, a few, a little, a couple of一对 a kind of， have a cold，have a good time， a great deal of 大量
5.表示单位量词,“每一” I play the piano twice a week.
二、定冠词 the 的用法
1.特指某(些)人或物。 The book on the chair is Jack's.椅子上的书是杰克的。
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或物。 What's the new student's name 那个新生叫什么名字
3.指上文提到过的人或物。 He lives in a house. The house is not big. 他住在一所房子里。那个房子不大。
4.与形容词连用，表示一类人 The young should respect the old.
5.用于表示乐器的名词之前。 The little girl can play the piano well. 这个小女孩钢琴弹得很好。
6.用于序数词、形容词最高级或表示方位的名词前。 The first island is the largest of the three.第一座岛是三座岛中最大的。the east 东方，the let左边。
7.用于表示姓氏的词前表示一家人或夫妇二人。 The Smiths are from England.史密斯一家来自英国。
8.用于世界上独一无二的事物及某些专有名词前。 The earth is bigger than the moon。地球比月球大。
9.用于一些固定短语中 in the morning, at the age of, in the end, on the left, by the way, at the moment, all the same, the day before yesterday 等。
三、零冠词的用法
1.三餐前通常不加冠词。 He had lunch with us yesterday.昨天他和我们一起吃午饭
2.球类，下棋等运动名词前不加冠词。 He likes play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。
4.在物质名词和抽象名词前。 We can't live without air. 没有空气我们不能生存。
5.节曰、季节、星期、月份前。 If winter comes, can spring be far behind 冬天来了，春天还会远吗
6.国名、地名、人名前。 He went to Hangzhou last week.他上周去杭州了。
7.名词前已有 this, that, my, your, some, any等限定词。 I want to ask you some questions.我想问你一些问题。
8.表示泛指(一类人或事物)的复数名词前。 Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。
9.一些固定短语中一般不加冠词 at home 在家,on foot 步行,by plane 坐飞机,at noon 在中午face to face 面对面,in trouble 处于困境中,in danger 处于危险中,go to school 去上学, go to bed 上床睡觉，on time, after school等。
10.学科、语言前不用冠词 English is my favorite subject.
11.by 后的表示交通方式的名词前不用冠词 by train, by bike
冠词专项练习
( )29.She can play_______ piano very well.
A. a B.an C./ D. the
( )30.He graduated from _______ university this summer and got _______unusual job luckily.
A. a, an B.an; a C. a; a D. an; an
( )31._______boy in a blue T-shirt is playing football with his classmates over there.
A. A B. The C./ D. An
( )32. Locus usually has _______egg and some milk for breakfast.
A. a B.an C. the D./
( )33. He is going to buy _______useful book. And _______book is on science.
A. a; an B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
( )34.There is _______interview with Mr. Chen in our school's meeting room.
A. the B. a C.an D./
( )35.—Where do you usually have _______ lunch, Susan —At school.
A. a B./ C.an D. the
( )36.Little Tommy wants to be_______ English teacher when he grows up.
A. a B. an C. the D./
( )37.Poverty (负困） is a big problem, but China has done _______good job of dealing with it.
A .a B.an C. the D. /
( )38. --Let's ________ together! --Good idea.
A. playing basketball B. playing basketball C. play basketball D. play the basketball
名词
可数名词
(一)单数变复数--规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 词尾加-s cup--cups, friend--friends, banana--bananas
以 s,x,ch,sh 等结尾的词 词尾加-es class--classes, box--boxes, watch--watches, wish--wishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i，再加-es dictionary--dictionaries, family --families
以f或结尾的词 把 f/fe 变为 v，再加-es knife --knives，shelf--shelves
词尾加-s roof --roofs
以o结尾的词 词尾加-es tomato--tomatoes, potato--potatoes, hero--heroes
词尾加-s radio--radios, photo--photos
(二)单数变复数--不规则变化 (常见部分)
1.改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。如:man--men, woman--women, tooth--teeth, foot--feet, goose--geese, child--children等。
2.单复数形式相同。如：sheep, deer ,fish等。
3.以ese 或 ss 结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词也一样单复数同形。如:Chinese, Japanese, Swiss等。
4.以 an 结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s。如：Germans，Americans, Asians等。
5.man, woman等修饰名词构成合成词时,一般两个词都变化。如:man servant--men servants, woman doctor--women doctors等。但是其他合成名词只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式即可。如:shoe factory--shoe factories。
(三)可数名词用法:
1.可数名词可以被基数词(如one)、不定冠词(a,an)或some, many, several, few, a few, a lot of, lots of，enough, plenty of, a number of等修饰。
2.对可数名词的量提问时，要用how many。
不可数名词
(1)一般没有复数形式。如：some bread, a little milk等。
(2)不能用不定冠词a/an或指示代词this, that, these, those或数词one, two, three等修饰，但可用定冠词the或some, any, lots of, a lot of来修饰。例如：There is a lot of water in the bottle.
不可数名词的数量要借助”基数词+表示量的名词+ of”短语表达，如three pieces of bread，two glasses of milk, two pieces of advice等。
(4)不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。但是不可数名词前有复数"量词"时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如:There are two cups of tea on the table.
用代词指代不可数名词时，用单数it，不用复数they 或them。
对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。如:How much tea is there in the cup
名词所有格表示名词间的所属关系“…的”
(1)’s所有格
①单数名词以及不以S结尾的复数名词的所有格形式在词尾加’s。
例如：Peter's book皮特的书，my father's jacket 我爸爸的夹克衫，children's music 儿童音乐
②名词已有复数词尾-s：只加’。
例如：Grandparents' room爷爷奶奶的房间， teachers’ books老师们的书
③两个名词并列，表示共同拥有：只在第二个名词后加's。
例如：Tom and Lily's father 汤姆和莉莉的爸爸 (共同的爸爸)
④两个名词并列，表示分别拥有：分别加's。
例如：Tom's and Lily's fathers 汤姆的爸爸和莉莉的爸爸 (各自的爸爸)
(2)of所有格（无生命的名词的所属关系一般要用介词of短语来构成）
例如：a map of China 一张中国地图，a photo of my family 我的一张全家福
巩固练习
( )39.-I am very hungry after a day's work. -Would you like three big ______
A. orange B. noodles C. sandwiches D. orange juice
( )40. Would you like______, please
A.two glass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters
( )41.Tom is a friend of ______.
A.my mother's B. my mother C.my mothers D. mother's of me
( )42.--- Whose cup is this ---It's ______.
A. Liu Hua B. Liu Hua's C. Liu Huas D. Li Huas’
( )43.We're going to have ______next month.
two day’ holiday B. a two-day holiday C. two days holiday D. two days’ holiday
( )44.Katherine was excited to receive roses from her husband on ______ Day.
A. Woman B. Women C. Woman's D. Women's
there be句型
一、定义:表示某处存在某物或某人。
_________ a pen on the desk.
_________ some books in the bookcase.
结构
There 一般现在时 一般过去时
单数 is/is not 单数 was/was not
复数 are/are not 复数 were/were not
1、肯定句
1) There is /was+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.
There _______a book on the desk.
There ________ some water in the cup last night.
2) There are/were +复数名词+地点状语.
There________ many students in our classroom.
There _________ two girls under the tree just now.
注意：就近原则
有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be 动词要和最靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。
There _______an orange and some bananas on the table.
There________ some bananas and an orange on the table.
2、否定句（be 后加 not）
注意：当肯定句中有 some 时，要将其改为 any。
1) There is /was+not+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.
There ________a book on the desk. 书桌上没有一本书。
There was ___________ water in the cup last night.
2) There are/were +not+复数名词+地点状语.
There _________ many students in our classroom.
There _________ two girls under the tree just now.
3、一般疑问句（be 提前）
注意：当肯定句中有 some 时，要将其改为 any。
1) Is /Was there+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语
_________ a book on the desk
_____________ any water in the cup last night
2) Are/Were there +复数名词+地点状语
____________ many students in our classroom
____________ two girls under the tree just now
4、特殊疑问句（对数量提问）
1) How much+不可数名词+is/was there+地点状语？
How much water _________ in the cup last night
2) How many+复数名词+are /were there+地点状语？
How many students _________ in our classroom
三、There be 与 have 的区别：
(1) there be表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物
have 表示某人或某物“拥有”，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。
There are some children in the garden. 花园里有几个孩子。
She has three cars. 她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)
若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。
( )45. There isn’t _____water in the glass. Let’s go and get some.
A. many B. lots C. any D. some
( )46. There _____a lot of news about Gu Ailing on TV last night.
A. was B. had C. is D. were
( )47.There _______ so much fun in music.
has B．are C．was D．is
( )48.There ______ an old tree in front of the building last week.
A. has B. is C. were D. was
( )49. There _____some books and a pen on the desk.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
( )50.There_____a pen and some books on the desk.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
( )51. — Are there any maps on the wall —____.
A. There are some B. Yes, there is C. Yes, there is one D. No, there are
( )52. There_____ something wrong with my knees.
is B. have C. has D. are
( )53.There _______ many old buildings in this street ten years ago.
A. has B. is C. were D. was
特殊疑问词专项
疑问词分疑问代词和疑问副词，本次复习部分重点词汇：what、why、who、when、where、how old、how long、how many
答题技巧：看答语
练习题：
( ) 54. —______ is the population of China —It’s over 1,300,000,000.
A. How many B. How C. What D. How much is
( ) 55. _______ do you go to school every day —I usually go to school at 8:00.
A. Which B. When C. What D. Who
( ) 56. －_____ do you like pandas －Because they are cute.
A. Where B. Why C. When D. What
( ) 57．—_______ is your favorite writer — Lu Xun. I like his books.
A．Who B．What C．Which D．Whose
( ) 58. —_______ is London — It's in England.
A．Who B．What C．Where D．When