题型一阅读理解——高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与解题技巧课件（共32张）
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| 名称 | 题型一阅读理解——高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与解题技巧课件（共32张） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-06 15:24:21 | ||
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(共36张PPT)
高考英语二轮复习
题型归纳与解题技巧
题型一 阅读理解
细节理解题
01
在解这类题时，可以采取"关键词定位法"，即"带着问题找答案"，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。
技巧1：直接信息题
答题技巧
此类题目需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
技巧2：间接信息题
答题技巧
数字计算题在文章中可以直接找到相关细节，但需经过具体的计算才能够得出答案。文章中出现的许多数字信息，经常通过一些单词表现出来(如 decade，century，double，score 等，它们对解题会起到一定的作用。此类题目常用how much/many提问)。
技巧3：数字计算题
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足) community service requirements.
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10: 00 am–1: 00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10: 00 am–2: 30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9: 30 am–2: 30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
1. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
1. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas"和"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species"可知，栖息地恢复团队的目标是保护当地的生态系统。故选C。
题型训练
题型训练
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
3. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
2. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome."可知，加入栖息地恢复团队的最低年龄是10岁。故选B。
2. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary."可知，志愿者甚至会在恶劣的天气条件下工作。故选B。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09: 00
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11: 45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
题型训练
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
1 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据四项活动中Walk Duration部分可知，Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest花费的时间最短。故选D。
1. Which walk takes the shortest time
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars中"A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate."可知，Walk 3的参加者需要穿着合适的衣服。故选A。
题型训练
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
3. What do the four walks have in common
A. They involve difficult climbing.
B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point.
D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
3. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据四项徒步活动中Date and Time部分可知，这些活动都在周末举办。故选D。
推理判断题
02
细节推理判断题是最常见的一种推理判断题，解答该题型需要根据短文内容推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。其题干中通常含有 infer，suggest，imply，conclude，intend 等标志性词语。另外，题于中常含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can，could，might 等和其他表示可能性的副词，如 probably，likely 等。
技巧1：细节推理判断题
答题技巧
推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象需要具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。常见的设题形式：
(1) This passage would most likely be found in ______.
(2) The passage is probably taken out of ______.
(3) Where does this text probably come from
(4) Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from
技巧2：文章出处或读者对象推理判断题
写作意图推理判断题需要根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种观点。所以要理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。常见的设题形式：
(1) What is the author's purpose in writing the text
(2) The purpose of the text is to ______.
(3) The writer of the story wants to tell us that ______.
(4) The writer talks about...in order to ______.
(5) The author writes the last paragraph in order to ______.
技巧3：写作意图推理判断题
推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象需要具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。常见的设题形式：
(1) This passage would most likely be found in ______.
(2) The passage is probably taken out of ______.
(3) Where does this text probably come from
(4) Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from
技巧4：观点态度推理判断题
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. "Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well," he says. "I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job."
Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber's point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据本段"Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700."可知，美国整体兽医学会的会员持续增加，证明Farber的观点是对的。故选A。
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据本段"However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words."可知，纸质文本在教育中不能被完全取代。故选C
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it," said Daru.
What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据本段"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it"可知，不当的采样方式会导致数据偏差。故选C。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
（节选）
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk(小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
Why did BART start the kiosk program
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers' needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed."和第二段"Well, there's a kiosk(小亭) for that."可知，很多人仍然喜欢阅读传统的纸质文本。为了满足乘客的需求，BART启动了阅读亭项目。故选C。
【2023·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
What is the basis for John's work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups..
答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs."和"He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China."可知，提到福州是为了体现John的理念在实践中的应用。故选B。
What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John's research plans. B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."可知，John的工作基于自然的自我修复理念。故选A。
【2023·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
词义猜测题
03
该题型着重考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。
常见的设题形式：
(1) The underlined word in the second paragraph means "______".
(2) Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph
(3) The underlined word...in Paragraph 1 can best be replaced by "______".
(4) What does the phrase...in Paragraph 2 mean
技巧1：单词或短语意义猜测题
答题技巧
句意理解题大多考查句子的寓意，而非字面含义，且与文章主旨或段落主题密切相关。常见的设题形式：
(1) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means "______".
(2) What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean
(3) Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph
技巧2：句意理解题
代词指代题旨在考查对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词 it，that，he，him，them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和 that 还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
技巧3：代词指代题
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据本段"The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text."可知，从简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时，纸质阅读的优势尤其明显。become easy to notice(变得容易引起注意)与划线短语含义相近。故选D。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
（节选）In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据本段"In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable."可知，如果写书的人不像Campbell那样专业，这本书可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂。If written by someone less competent(如果写书的人能力不足)与划线短语含义相近。故选C。
【2023·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
（节选）In this "book of books," artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
What do the underlined words "relate to" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.
答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段"These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to."可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能感同身受的时刻。understand(理解)与划线短语含义相近。故选A。
主旨大意题
04
段落大意题针对某段或某几段的主题设问。常见的设题形式：
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that ______.
(2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with
(3) What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1
(4) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 2
(5) What is the main idea discussed in Paragraph 3
技巧1：段落大意题
答题技巧
获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是找主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，起统领全文的作用，文中的所有事实、细节都是为其服务的。文章的主题句的位置常在首段或结尾段。因此，要特别关注文章的首段和结尾段及段落的主题句。有些中心思想隐含在文章中，比如有的故事类文章可能没有主题句，就需要归纳和概括。常见的设题形式：
(1) The main purpose of the article is to show that ______.
(2) What is the main idea of the passage
(3) The writer of the passage wants to tell us that ______.
(4) The passage is mainly about ______.
(5) What is the subject discussed in the passage
(6) What does the passage mainly deal with
技巧2：文章大意题
文章的标题高度概括文章的内容，点明文章主题，且短小精悍，言简意赅。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是简短的句子，甚至可以是疑问词加不定式结构或名词加同位语结构，常见的设题形式：
(1) What is the best title for this passage
(2) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
(3) The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is
(4) The most suitable title of this passage is
(5) What would be the most suitable title for the text
技巧3：标题归纳题
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, "moves more easily and rides more comfortably" after a chiropractic adjustment.
What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读本段可知，本段主要介绍了整体医学的有效性。故选D。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. "We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment," said a BMF employee.
What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF's major strengths. B. BMF's general management.
C. BMF's global influence. D. BMF's technical standards.
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章从各方面凸显了BMF的优势。故选A。
【2023·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. "The kids literally come to school with bags of snacksand large bottles of soft drinks," she says. "They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful." Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. "We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently," Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. "They get outside," she says, "and they feel successful."
What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens. B. Experiencing Country Life.
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers. D. Changing Local Landscape.
答案：C 解析：标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目，通过带领学生们种植蔬菜让他们对园艺产生兴趣的故事。故选C。
See you
next class!
高考英语二轮复习
题型归纳与解题技巧
题型一 阅读理解
细节理解题
01
在解这类题时，可以采取"关键词定位法"，即"带着问题找答案"，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。
技巧1：直接信息题
答题技巧
此类题目需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
技巧2：间接信息题
答题技巧
数字计算题在文章中可以直接找到相关细节，但需经过具体的计算才能够得出答案。文章中出现的许多数字信息，经常通过一些单词表现出来(如 decade，century，double，score 等，它们对解题会起到一定的作用。此类题目常用how much/many提问)。
技巧3：数字计算题
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills(满足) community service requirements.
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10: 00 am–1: 00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10: 00 am–2: 30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9: 30 am–2: 30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
1. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks.
C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research.
1. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas"和"Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species"可知，栖息地恢复团队的目标是保护当地的生态系统。故选C。
题型训练
题型训练
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
3. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
2. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome."可知，加入栖息地恢复团队的最低年龄是10岁。故选B。
2. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
3. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING中"We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary."可知，志愿者甚至会在恶劣的天气条件下工作。故选B。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09: 00
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11: 45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
题型训练
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
1 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据四项活动中Walk Duration部分可知，Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest花费的时间最短。故选D。
1. Which walk takes the shortest time
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars中"A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate."可知，Walk 3的参加者需要穿着合适的衣服。故选A。
题型训练
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
3. What do the four walks have in common
A. They involve difficult climbing.
B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point.
D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
3. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据四项徒步活动中Date and Time部分可知，这些活动都在周末举办。故选D。
推理判断题
02
细节推理判断题是最常见的一种推理判断题，解答该题型需要根据短文内容推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。其题干中通常含有 infer，suggest，imply，conclude，intend 等标志性词语。另外，题于中常含有表示推测的情态动词，如 can，could，might 等和其他表示可能性的副词，如 probably，likely 等。
技巧1：细节推理判断题
答题技巧
推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象需要具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。常见的设题形式：
(1) This passage would most likely be found in ______.
(2) The passage is probably taken out of ______.
(3) Where does this text probably come from
(4) Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from
技巧2：文章出处或读者对象推理判断题
写作意图推理判断题需要根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种观点。所以要理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。常见的设题形式：
(1) What is the author's purpose in writing the text
(2) The purpose of the text is to ______.
(3) The writer of the story wants to tell us that ______.
(4) The writer talks about...in order to ______.
(5) The author writes the last paragraph in order to ______.
技巧3：写作意图推理判断题
推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象需要具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。常见的设题形式：
(1) This passage would most likely be found in ______.
(2) The passage is probably taken out of ______.
(3) Where does this text probably come from
(4) Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from
技巧4：观点态度推理判断题
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. "Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well," he says. "I will do anything to help an animal. That's my job."
Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber's point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据本段"Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700."可知，美国整体兽医学会的会员持续增加，证明Farber的观点是对的。故选A。
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据本段"However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words."可知，纸质文本在教育中不能被完全取代。故选C
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it," said Daru.
What has led to the biases according to the study
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据本段"We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it"可知，不当的采样方式会导致数据偏差。故选C。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
（节选）
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there's a kiosk(小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
Why did BART start the kiosk program
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers' needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed."和第二段"Well, there's a kiosk(小亭) for that."可知，很多人仍然喜欢阅读传统的纸质文本。为了满足乘客的需求，BART启动了阅读亭项目。故选C。
【2023·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."
What is the basis for John's work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups..
答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段"Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs."和"He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China."可知，提到福州是为了体现John的理念在实践中的应用。故选B。
What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John's research plans. B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."可知，John的工作基于自然的自我修复理念。故选A。
【2023·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
词义猜测题
03
该题型着重考查学生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。
常见的设题形式：
(1) The underlined word in the second paragraph means "______".
(2) Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph
(3) The underlined word...in Paragraph 1 can best be replaced by "______".
(4) What does the phrase...in Paragraph 2 mean
技巧1：单词或短语意义猜测题
答题技巧
句意理解题大多考查句子的寓意，而非字面含义，且与文章主旨或段落主题密切相关。常见的设题形式：
(1) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means "______".
(2) What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean
(3) Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph
技巧2：句意理解题
代词指代题旨在考查对阅读素材的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词 it，that，he，him，them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和 that 还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
技巧3：代词指代题
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
What does the underlined phrase "shine through" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据本段"The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text."可知，从简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时，纸质阅读的优势尤其明显。become easy to notice(变得容易引起注意)与划线短语含义相近。故选D。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
（节选）In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
What does the phrase "In the wrong hands" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据本段"In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable."可知，如果写书的人不像Campbell那样专业，这本书可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂。If written by someone less competent(如果写书的人能力不足)与划线短语含义相近。故选C。
【2023·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
（节选）In this "book of books," artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
What do the underlined words "relate to" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.
答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段"These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to."可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能感同身受的时刻。understand(理解)与划线短语含义相近。故选A。
主旨大意题
04
段落大意题针对某段或某几段的主题设问。常见的设题形式：
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that ______.
(2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with
(3) What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1
(4) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 2
(5) What is the main idea discussed in Paragraph 3
技巧1：段落大意题
答题技巧
获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是找主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，起统领全文的作用，文中的所有事实、细节都是为其服务的。文章的主题句的位置常在首段或结尾段。因此，要特别关注文章的首段和结尾段及段落的主题句。有些中心思想隐含在文章中，比如有的故事类文章可能没有主题句，就需要归纳和概括。常见的设题形式：
(1) The main purpose of the article is to show that ______.
(2) What is the main idea of the passage
(3) The writer of the passage wants to tell us that ______.
(4) The passage is mainly about ______.
(5) What is the subject discussed in the passage
(6) What does the passage mainly deal with
技巧2：文章大意题
文章的标题高度概括文章的内容，点明文章主题，且短小精悍，言简意赅。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是简短的句子，甚至可以是疑问词加不定式结构或名词加同位语结构，常见的设题形式：
(1) What is the best title for this passage
(2) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
(3) The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is
(4) The most suitable title of this passage is
(5) What would be the most suitable title for the text
技巧3：标题归纳题
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】
题型训练
（节选）Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, "moves more easily and rides more comfortably" after a chiropractic adjustment.
What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians' work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读本段可知，本段主要介绍了整体医学的有效性。故选D。
【2024·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. "We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment," said a BMF employee.
What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF's major strengths. B. BMF's general management.
C. BMF's global influence. D. BMF's technical standards.
答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章从各方面凸显了BMF的优势。故选A。
【2023·新课标Ⅱ卷】
题型训练
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. "The kids literally come to school with bags of snacksand large bottles of soft drinks," she says. "They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful." Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. "We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently," Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. "They get outside," she says, "and they feel successful."
What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens. B. Experiencing Country Life.
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers. D. Changing Local Landscape.
答案：C 解析：标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目，通过带领学生们种植蔬菜让他们对园艺产生兴趣的故事。故选C。
See you
next class!