考点十八：短文填空——三年（2022-2024）中考英语真题分类汇编（含解析）

考点十八：短文填空——三年（2022-2024）中考英语真题分类汇编
一、
【2024年贵州中考真题】
Leonardo da Vinci began painting the Mona Lisa, one of the most famous paintings of all time, in 1503. He was working on a special painting for a church at the time, but it was not going ①_________ (good). The woman who can be seen in the Mona Lisa is said to be Madonna Lisa del Giocondo. She was the wife of an Italian businessman. Her husband asked da Vinci ②_________ (paint) a portrait (肖像) of her.
After da Vinci finished the painting in 1506, he was invited by the French King to visit France. ③_________ he took the painting with him. Today the Mona Lisa is kept in the Louvre, an art museum in Paris, and it is seen by about six million ④_________ (visit) a year.
The painting measures (测量为) only 77 centimeters by 53 centimeters and is painted ⑤_________ oil on wood. In 1911, Vincenzo Peruggia, a worker at the Louvre, stole the painting. He took it out of the museum by hiding it under ⑥_____(he) coat. Two years later, police officers found ⑦_________ painting when he tried to sell it.
In 1962, the Mona Lisa was ⑧_________ (take) to Washington and New York for artwork shows. For the journey, the museum ⑨_________ (want) to insure (给……投保) the painting. The insurance company set the value of it at 100 million dollars, making it the most ⑩_________ (value) painting ever! Today, the value of the painting would be over 700 million dollars.
二、
【2024年四川泸州中考真题】
A. become B. but C. of D. effort E. challenges F. expensive G. them H. cross I. enough J. safely
Imagine living in a world you can't see the obstacles (障碍) in your way, the traffic lights at a crossing, or the faces of people around you. For millions ①_____ the blind, this is a daily reality (现实). Traditional guide dogs have provided necessary support for the blind, helping them move ②_____. However, training a traditional guide dog is unbelievably ③_____ and takes tons of time. It means that the number of guide dogs is smaller than that of blind people. Luckily, good news comes! Thanks to researchers from Northwestern Polytechnical University (西北工业大学) in China, AI guide dogs may soon ④_____ available to them. They achieved a breakthrough (突破) using an AI language model.
The researchers are developing an AI guide dog that can help blind people ⑤_____ streets, use lifts and walk around indoors without having to be connected to the Internet.
"In recent years, there have been some electronic guide dogs, ⑥_____ they cannot have conversations with people or fully understand human instructions," said Sun Zhe, a teacher at the university. "They can only carry out tasks according to pre-designed programs. They are just cold machines. That's not ⑦_____."
"Our research makes it possible for the blind to get better guidance service and be less lonely. Blind people face many ⑧_____ in daily life. AI guide dogs can offer ⑨_____ a more convenient and safer life." Sun added. According to the research team, there are still some ways to go before the guide dog can be put into use, and they will put more ⑩_____ into it and make it available to people in need as soon as possible.
三、
【2024年吉林中考真题】
A.by B. worried C. ago D. it E. over F. valuable G. tell H. money I. need J. student K. its L. and
Giving back lost things to the owner is one of virtues (美德). By law, we ①_____ to return the lost things we've found as well.
Several months ②_____, a university student left her personal computer in a sports center. Then a man picked ③_____ up. Without thinking twice, the man stayed in the sports center to wait for the owner. Two hours later, the ④_____ came back hurriedly. She looked very ⑤_____. When she saw her lost personal computer, she was excited ⑥_____ moved. To thank the man, she wanted to give some ⑦_____ to him, but the man refused politely.
According to the Civil Code (《民法典》), when you find something ⑧_____ accident, you must not keep it as your own. You can ⑨_____ the owner to get it or you can hand it over to the police. If the lost things are very ⑩_____ and the finder keeps them on purpose, he or she will be punished.
It's nice to return things we've found. It's also necessary for us to know that giving back lost things is required by law.
四、
【2023年河北中考真题】
My favorite teacher is Mr. Zhao. He has made ①______ big difference in my life. I was ②______ (real) shy and nervous on the first day at school. But Mr. Zhao was ③______ kind that I soon forgot about that. In ④______ (he) first class, he asked us to draw a picture of ourselves.
When he ⑤______ (get) to my desk, he looked at my picture and said, "Wow! I like those bright ⑥______(color)! That's great! "I felt ⑦______ (relax) at once. Mr. Zhao is patient and he always ⑧______(tell) us not to worry about giving wrong answers. Also, he shows us how to learn ⑨______ our mistakes. Now I am in the ⑩______ (nine) grade, and I'm leaving school. I will remember all the suggestions he has given me.
五、
【2023年河南中考真题】
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
final I decide hard what work driver in year young
Hi, David,
How are you doing Do you remember we once talked about ①_______ jobs and careers (职业) we might do in the future I'm finding it very difficult to make up ②_______ mind.
My parents tell me I'm too ③_______ to be expected to know about my future. They say I can choose whatever I want to do in the end if I keep ④_______ hard at school. I'm not sure if I agree with them. I feel as if I'm the only person ⑤_______ my class who hasn't got a career in mind! It's a big decision to make, but even so it's much ⑥_______ than I thought.
Sometimes I think I'd like to go into medicine. My teacher thinks Chinese medicine will be greatly developed over the next few ⑦_______. That sounds really interesting!
Then again, I'd also love to be a racing ⑧_______. That's a very interesting field too! When I've ⑨_______ made my choice, I'll let you know! Have you ⑩_______ what you want to do Do let me know if you have!
Li Hua
六、
【2023年广西中考真题】
Fill in each blank with a proper form of the word given or a proper word.
Hanfu (汉服) has become popular again in China. More and more young people love it, and they usually wear Hanfu happily and ①______ (proud). The style has also attracted (吸引) many ②______ (foreigner). Tom, a young man from England, is one of them.
Tom teaches English in a school in Xi'an. In the city, people in Hanfu are often ③______ (see) in the streets. After seeing that many times, Tom started to have a strong interest ④______ it and really wanted to have a try. "My first try was the Tang style. I can't forget the ⑤______ (one) time I put it on." said the young man. "It made ⑥______ (I) very special, and it is still my favourite one today. " Every time he puts on Hanfu, he has a feeling of travelling back ⑦______ ancient times.
Hanfu is like ⑧______ door for Tom. It leads to a room of colourful Chinese culture. In the past, he only knew China ⑨______ (have) a long history. And now Hanfu helps him to know more about Chinese culture.
Tom is making short videos about Hanfu. "I can't wait ⑩______ (show) Chinese culture to the world," said Tom. "I hope more people will learn about Hanfu and China through my videos."
七、
【2022年福建中考真题】
him, one, bridge, safe, with, time, that, when, five, happy, finally
During the Sui Dynasty, a terrible flood (洪水) happened on the Xiao River outside the city of Zhaozhou. The flood brought down a large stone bridge.
People had rebuilt the bridge several ① _____ .
But it was still washed away over and over again. After the ② _____ time that the bridge was destroyed, Li Chun was invited to solve the problem. "What's wrong with it " Li Chun asked ③ _____ again and again. He worked day and night at the drawing of the bridge and found out ④ _____ the stone supports (支柱) couldn't stand the force of the flood.
One day, an idea came into his mind! He thought of building bow-shaped arches (拱) instead of stone supports. And there would be only one big arch, supported at each end by two small ⑤ _____ . ⑥ _____ floods came, the water would run through the four small arches, bringing little influence on the bridge. He was greatly excited by the idea, and danced⑦ _____ right at his desk.
A new Zhaozhou Bridge was built.It was much ⑧ _____ and more beautiful than the old ones.The local people of Zhaozhou were very glad that the problem of the stone bridge was ⑨ _____ worked out.Now, this great stone bridge ⑩ _____ a history of over 1, 300 years has become a classical example of China's arched bridges. It shows the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese people.
八、
【2022年陕西中考真题】
he live final lucky people success achieve meet much be
In October 2021, a local newspaper told a story of a common man, Jia Shuangdeng. He ①_____ from Shaanxi Province. He not only works hard but has helped many deaf people ②_____ a better life as well.
At the age of 14, something ③_____ happened to Jia and turned him into a deaf person. Sad and heartbroken, he had to leave school and learned by ④_____ at home for more than two years. Later, with other ⑤_____ help, he cheered up and made a living by making shoes. He ⑥_____ many difficulties but he faced them bravely and kept on working hard. ⑦_____ his shoes became popular and sold well. After a few years, he started his own factory and it was ⑧_____. However, he didn't forget those who had helped him. So he decided to help the people in need. These years, he has offered many deaf people chances to work.
What he did has benefited(有益于) lots of deaf people. "The person I want to thank ⑨_____ in my life is Mr. Jia. Thanks to him, I've got a good job and have a happy life now. He always tells us although we are disabled, we can also ⑩_____ our dreams by working hard, said Xie Ting, who was helped by Jia.
参考答案
一、
①答案：well
解析：考查副词。句意:当时他正在为一座教堂画一幅特别的画,但进展并不顺利。根据going动词,可知空处应用副词修饰,故填well。
②答案：to paint
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:她的丈夫请达芬奇为她画一幅肖像。ask sb to do sth(请某人做某事)固定搭配,故填to paint。
③答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意:达芬奇在1506年完成这幅画后,被法国国王邀请访问法国,他带去了这幅画。根据he was invited by the French King to visit France,(他受法国国王邀请访问法国。)可知前后句之间表示并列关系,故填and。
④答案：visitors
解析：考查名词。句意:今天,《蒙娜丽莎》保存在巴黎的卢浮宫艺术博物馆,每年大约有600万游客前来参观。根据six million (600万)可知空处应用复数名词,故填:visitors。
⑤答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意:这幅画的尺寸只有77厘米乘53厘米,并且是用油涂在木头上的。根据paint with(用油漆),故填with。
⑥答案：his
解析：考查代词。句意:他把它藏在大衣下面,带出了博物馆。根据空后coat名词,可知空处应用形容词物主代词,故填his。
⑦答案：the
解析：考查定冠词。句意:两年后,当他试图出售这幅画时,警察发现了它。根据when he tried to sell it.(当他试图出售这幅画时,)可知空处特指《蒙娜丽莎》,故填the。
⑧答案：taken
解析：考查动词。句意:1962年,蒙娜丽莎被带到华盛顿和纽约进行艺术展览。句子为被动语态,由be+过去分词构成,故填taken。
⑨答案：wanted
解析：考查动词。句意:为了这次旅行,博物馆想给这幅投保。句子为一般过去时,谓语动词应用过去式,故填wanted。
⑩答案：valuable
解析：考查形容词。句意:保险公司将这幅画的价值定为1亿美元,使它成为有史以来最有价值的画!根据空后painting名词,可知空处应用形容词,故填valuable。
二、
①答案：C
解析：句意：对数百万盲人来说，这是每天都要面对的现实。millions of"数百万的"。故选C。
②答案：J
解析：句意：传统的导盲犬为盲人提供了必要的支持，帮助他们安全行动。根据"helping them move…"及备选词汇可知，导盲犬可以帮助盲人安全地移动。副词safely"安全地"修饰动词move。故选J。
③答案：F
解析：句意：然而，训练一只传统的导盲犬非常昂贵，而且需要大量的时间。根据"However, training a traditional guide dog is unbelievably...and takes tons of time."及备选词汇可知，此处介绍训练传统导盲犬需要面对的问题和困难，即费用昂贵、耗时长。形容词expensive"昂贵的"符合语境。故选F。
④答案：A
解析：句意：多亏了中国西北工业大学的研究人员，人们可能很快就可以使用人工智能导盲犬了。根据"AI guide dogs may soon…available to them"及备选词汇可知，句中缺少系动词，become"变得"符合语境。故选A。
⑤答案：H
解析：句意：研究人员正在开发一种人工智能导盲犬，它可以帮助盲人过马路，使用电梯，在室内走动，而无需连接到互联网。根据"AI guide dog that can help blind people...streets"及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬帮助盲人过马路，动词cross"穿过"符合语境。故选H。
⑥答案：B
解析：句意：近年来，出现了一些电子导盲犬，但它们不能与人对话，也不能完全理解人类的指令。根据"there have been some electronic guide dogs, …they cannot have conversations with people or fully understand human instructions"及备选词汇可知，前后文之间是转折关系，用连词but连接。故选B。
⑦答案：I
句意：这还不够。根据"They can only carry out tasks according to pre-designed programs. They are just cold machines."及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬只是一台冰冷的机器，这还远不够满足盲人的需要。形容词enough"足够的"作表语。故选I。
⑧答案：E
句意：盲人在日常生活中面临许多挑战。根据"Blind people face many…in daily life."及备选词汇可知，盲人在生活中会遇到很多挑战。名词challenges"挑战"作动词宾语。故选E。
⑨答案：G
句意：人工智能导盲犬可以为他们提供更方便、更安全的生活。根据"AI guide dogs can offer...a more convenient and safer life."及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬为盲人提供方便安全的生活。offer sb. sth."提供给某人某物"，代词them指代blind people。故选G。
⑩答案：D
句意：据研究小组称，在导盲犬投入使用之前还有一些路要走，他们将在这方面投入更多的努力，并尽快为有需要的人提供帮助。根据"there are still some ways to go before the guide dog can be put into use, and they will put more…into it"及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬尚不完美，研究人员还需付出更多努力。put effort into sth."付出努力"。故选D。
三、
①答案：I
解析：考查动词。句意:根据法律,我们也需要归还我们找到的失物。根据横线后"to return the lost things we've found as well."(归还我们找到的失物)结合备选词可知,此处应该填入need, need to do sth,固定搭配,意为"需要做某事"符合语境。故填I。
②答案：C
解析：考查副词。句意:几个月前,一名大学生把她的个人电脑落在了体育中心。根据语境可知,时态为一般过去时,结合备选词可知,此处应该填入ago,表达几个月前。故填C。
③答案：D
解析：考查代词。句意:然后一个男人捡起了它。根据前文"a university student left her personal computer in a sports center." (一名大学生把她的个人电脑落在了体育中心。)结合备选词可知,此处应该填入it,表达一个男人捡起了它。故填D。
④答案：J
解析：考查名词。句意:两个小时后,学生急匆匆地回来了。根据前文"a university student left her personal computer in a sports center." (一名大学生把她的个人电脑落在了体育中心。)结合备选词可知,此处应该指的是电脑落下的这个学生急匆匆地回来了。故填J。
⑤答案：B
解析：考查形容词。句意:她看起来很担心。根据前文语境,结合备选词可知,此处应该填入worried,形容词,作表语,意为"担心的"符合语境。故填B。
⑥答案：L
解析：考查连词。句意:当她看到她丢失的个人电脑时,她既兴奋又感动。根据语境结合备选词可知,此处应该填入and,并列连词,连接并列表语excited和moved。故填L。
⑦答案：H
解析：考查名词。句意:为了感谢这个男人,她想给他一些钱,但是这个男人礼貌地拒绝了。根据语境结合备选词可知,此处应该填入money,表达她想给他一些钱。故填H。
⑧答案：A
解析：考查固定短语。句意:根据民法典,偶然发现的东西,一定不能据为己有。根据横线后"accident"结合备选词可知,此处应该填入by, by accident,固定搭配,作状语,意为"意外地,偶然地"符合语境。故填A。
⑨答案：F
解析：考查动词。句意:你可以告诉失主去拿,也可以交给警察。根据横线后"the owner to get it or you can hand it over to the police."(失主去拿,也可以交给警察。)结合备选词可知,此处应该填入tell, tell sb to do sth,固定搭配,意为"告诉某人做某事"符合语境。故填G。
⑩答案：F
解析：考查形容词。句意:如果丢失的东西非常有价值,而拾得者故意保留它们,他或她将受到惩罚。根据语境可知,此处应该填入形容词,作表语,结合备选词可知,valuable,形容词,意为"有价值的"符合语境。故填F。
四、
①答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意：他给我的生活带来了巨大的影响。make a difference表示"产生影响，起作用"，固定搭配。故填a。
②答案：really
解析：考查副词。句意：在学校的第一天我真的很害羞紧张。really表示"真正地"，副词修饰形容词shy and nervous。故填really。
③答案：so
解析：考查连词。句意：赵老师太好了，我很快就忘记害羞和紧张了。so+形容词+that引导的结果状语从句，表示"如此……以至于……"。故填so。
④答案：his
解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句意：在他的第一节课上，他让我们画出自己。his表示"他的"，形容词性物主代词修饰名词class。故填his。
⑤答案：got
解析：考查动词时态。句意：当他到我桌子旁，他看着我的画说。根据时态一致原则，后面用looked and said,可知此处也是一般过去时，got是get的过去式。故填got。
⑥答案：colors
解析：考查名词复数。句意：哇！我喜欢那些颜色。those表示"那些"，修饰可数名词复数，故填colors。
⑦答案：relaxed
解析：考查形容词。句意：我马上觉得很放松。relaxed表示"放松的"，形容人的感觉。故填relaxed。
⑧答案：tells
解析：考查动词时态。句意：赵老师很有耐心，他经常告诉我们不要害怕出错。根据时态一致原则，前面是is，always表示"总是"，用于一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数he，谓语动词用单数形式。故填tells。
⑨答案：from
解析：考查介词。句意：同时他也向我们展示如何从错误中吸取教训。learn from表示"从……学习"，固定搭配，故填from。
⑩答案：ninth
解析：考查序数词。句意：现在我九年级了，我马上要离开学校了。此空前有the，可知此处用序数词，ninth表示"第九"，故填ninth。
五、
①答案：what
解析：本题考查宾语从句的连接词。此处表示"你还记得我们曾谈过以后要做什么工作和（从事什么)职业吗？"，由此可知，应填what。
②答案：my
解析：本题考查代词。make up one's mind 表示"下定决心"，为固定搭配，根据设空前的"I'm"及备选词可知，应填形容词性物主代词my。
③答案：young
解析：本题考查形容词。sb.is/was too+adj.+to do sth.表示"某人太……了而不能……"，为固定用法，由此可知，设空处为形容词，再结合文意及备选词可知，应填young。
④答案：working
解析：本题考查动词。设空后提到"hard"和"at school"，由此可联想到此处说的是"在学校努力学习"；结合备选词可知，可考虑用work 的适当形式；keep doing sth.表示"继续做某事"，为固定用法。故填working。
⑤答案：in
解析：本题考查介词。in sb.'s class表示"在某人班里"，符合文意，故填in。
⑥答案：harder
解析：本题考查形容词。根据设空前的"it's much"和设空后的"than"可推知，设空处为形容词的比较级；结合上下文及备选词可知，应填hard的比较级形式。故填harder。
⑦答案：years
解析：本题考查名词。根据设空前的"over the next few"可知，此处应用表示时间的复数可数名词，结合备选词可知，应填years。
⑧答案：driver
解析：本题考查名词。根据设空前的"I'd also love to be a"可知，此处应用表示职业的单数可数名词，结合备选词可知，应填driver。
⑨答案：finally
解析：本题考查副词。略去设空处该句结构依然完整，可考虑用副词；结合上文内容和备选词可知，此处表示"当我最终做出选择时，我会告诉你的！"。故填final的副词形式finally。
⑩答案：decided
解析：本题考查动词。此处应填动词的过去分词形式，与"Have"一词构成现在完成时；根据上文中的"When I've ⑨_______ made my choice, I'll let you know!"可知，此处在问对方是否已经做出决定；结合备选词可知，应填decide的过去分词。故填decided。
六、
①答案：proudly
解析：句意：他们通常快乐而自豪地穿着汉服。此处修饰动词wear用副词proudly"骄傲地"。故填proudly。
②答案：foreigners
解析：句意：这种风格也吸引了许多外国人。many后加可数名词复数foreigners"外国人"。故填foreigners。
③答案：seen
解析：句意：在西安，街上经常看到穿着汉服的人。此处用过去分词seen和be动词构成被动语态。故填seen。
④答案：in
解析：句意：在多次看到这一点后，汤姆开始对它产生了浓厚的兴趣，并真的想试一试。have a strong interest in"对……有浓厚的兴趣"。故填in。
⑤答案：first
解析：句意：我忘不了第一次穿上它。此处指"第一次"，用序数词first。故填first。
⑥答案：me
解析：句意：它让我很特别。此处作made的宾语用宾格me。故填me。
⑦答案：to
解析：句意：每次穿上汉服，他都有一种回到古代的感觉。travel back to"回到"。故填to。
⑧答案：a
解析：句意：汉服对汤姆来说就像一扇门。此处泛指"一扇门"，door以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
⑨答案：has
解析：句意：过去，他只知道中国有着悠久的历史。此处指客观事实，主语是China，谓语动词用单三。故填has。
⑩答案：to show
解析：句意：我迫不及待地想向世界展示中国文化。can't wait to do sth."迫不及待做某事"。故填to show。
七、
①答案：times
解析：考查名词。句意：人们已经多次重建这座桥。time意为"次数", several后面加名词复数形式。故填times。
②答案：fifth
解析：考查序数词。句意：在大桥第五次被毁后, 李春被邀请去解决这个问题。the+形容词+名词单数, five的序数词fifth。故填fifth。
③答案：himself
解析：考查反身代词。句意：李春一次又一次地问自己。主语为李春, 故用反身代词, himself他自己。故填himself。
④答案：that
解析：考查宾语从句连接词。句意：他夜以继日地绘制这座桥的图纸, 发现石头支撑物无法承受洪水的力量。这里是that引导的宾语从句。故填that。
⑤答案：ones
解析：考查代词。句意：只有一个大拱门, 两端由两个小拱门支撑。这里用ones指代上文提到的拱门。故填ones。
⑥答案：When
解析：考查连词。句意：当洪水来临时, 水会流过四个小拱门, 对桥梁几乎没有影响。这里应该是由when引导的时间状语从句。故填When。
⑦答案：happily
解析：考查副词。句意：他对这个想法非常兴奋, 高兴地在办公桌前跳舞。用happy的副词happily修饰动词danced。故填happily。
⑧答案：safer
解析：考查形容词。句意：它比旧的更安全、更漂亮。and连接的前后一致, 这里用比较级形式, safe的比较级为safer。故填safer。
⑨答案：finally
解析：考查副词。句意：赵州当地人很高兴石桥的问题终于解决了。finally意为"最终、终于"。副词, 修饰动词work。故填finally。
⑩答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意：如今, 这座拥有1300多年历史的石桥已成为中国拱桥的经典典范。这里用介词with表示带有, 具有。故填with。
八、
①答案：is
解析：考查动词。句意：他来自陕西省。be from来自，he要用is,故填is。
②答案：live
解析：考查动词。句意：他不仅努力工作，还帮助许多聋人过上了更好的生活。live a life过……样的生活，一般现在时，people做主语，动词要用原形，故填live。
③答案：unlucky
解析：考查形容词。句意：14岁时，一件不幸的事发生在贾身上，使他变成了聋子。unlucky形容词,修饰不定代词something,要放在不定代词后，故填unlucky。
④答案：himself
解析：考查代词。句意：伤心欲绝的他不得不离开学校，在家自学了两年多。by oneself靠自己，he要用himself，故填himself。
⑤答案：people's
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：后来，在其他人的帮助下，他振作起来，以制鞋为生。people's名词所有格，修饰后面的名词help,故填people's。
⑥答案：met
解析：考查动词。句意：他遇到了许多困难，但他勇敢地面对它们，继续努力工作。meet遇见，一般过去时态，动词要用过去式，故填met。
⑦答案：Finally
解析：考查副词。句意：最后，他的鞋子流行起来，卖得很好。finally副词，放在句首修饰整个句子，故填Finally。
⑧答案：successful
解析：考查形容词。句意：几年后，他开办了自己的工厂，并且很成功。successful形容词，放在be后做主语，故填successful。
⑨答案：most
解析：考查副词。句意：我这辈子最想感谢的人是贾先生。most副词，修饰动词thank,故填most。
⑩答案：achieve
解析：考查动词。句意：虽然我们是残疾人，但我们也可以通过努力实现我们的梦想。achieve实现，can+动词原形，故填achieve。