初中英语语法:定语从句
定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
先行词 that引导的定语从句
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
这是他给我的生日礼物。
先行词Who 引导的定语从句
Do you know everybody who came to the party
你认识所有参加宴会的人吗
1 引导定语从句的关系词
关系词一般位于先行词与定语从句之间,既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
(1)关系代词
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或事物的名词或代词。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等,充当宾语时,常可省略。
关系代词 指代对象 语法功能
who 人 作主语或宾语
whom 人 作宾语
whose 人或物 作定语
that 人或物 作主语或宾语
which 物
Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是想见你的那个人吗
He is the man who/whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天看见的那个人。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
The package which/that you are carrying is beautiful.
你拿的包很漂亮。
(2)关系副词
关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
关系副词 指代对象 语法功能
when 时间 作状语
where 地点
why 原因
I will never forget the day when we met.
我永远忘不了我们见面的那天。
The town where I was bor is known for its beautiful scenery.
我出生的那个城镇以风景优美而闻名。
Is this the reason why he refused our offer
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗
2 先行词指物时,只能用 that 作关系代词的几种情况
(1)当先行词为something, anything, everything, nothing, none等不定代
词时,或者是由no, little, few, much等修饰时。
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said
你记下李先生说的每件事了吗
(2)当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited was the Summer Palace.
他们参观的第一个地方是颐和园。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
(4)当先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last等修饰时。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
这就是我想买的那本字典。
3 用 which 而不用 that 作关系代词的情况
(1)当关系代词前有介词时。
This is the house in which they lived last
这是他们去年住过的房子。
(2)当先行词本身是that 或those 时。
What's that which was put in the box
放在盒子里的那个东西是什么
定语从句练习题:
1.We all miss Wu Meng-chao saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A. which B. what C. who
2.This is the first birthday gift I received. I've kept it many years.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
3.--Do you know the boy handwriting won the first in the competition -Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.
A. Who B. whose C.whom D. which
4.I like smart clothes _______are made of silk.
A. Who B. which C.what
5.--How exciting the speech is!-Pretty good!This is the best speech_______ I've ever heard.
A.which B. that C. who
6.I like the city _______the people are really kind and friendly.
A. That B. which C. where D. who
7.--Have you heard of the story of Mulan
-Of course. Mulan is a brave girl_______her father's place to fight in the army.
whom take B. that take C. which takes D. who takes
8.I can't forget the teachers and the university_______I visited two years ago. They bring me many sweet memories.
A. That B. which C.what
答案:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A
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