考点7 语法填空—五年(2020—2024年)高考英语真题专项分类汇编
一、【2024年新课标Ⅰ卷】
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ①_____(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ②_____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel "sepals(萼片)" made of glass and aluminium(铝). These sepals open on warm days ③_____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ④_____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ⑤_____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ⑥_____ first time. These plants included modern Western ⑦_____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ⑧_____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ⑨_____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the ⑩_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
二、【2024年新课标Ⅱ卷】
Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu, ①_____ is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia," add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ②_____ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. "Some of the things that Tang was writing about ③_____ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ④_____ Romeo and Juliet."
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ⑤_____ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, ⑥_____ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ⑦_____ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ⑧_____ (find) the connection between the two great writers.
⑨_____ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ⑩_____ see how Tang's play was being performed."
三、【2023年新课标Ⅰ卷】
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ①_____(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether ②_____(bite)a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), ③_____to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
Shanghai may be the ④_____(recognize)home of the soup dumpling, but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace. There, you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup-and the wrappers are pressed ⑤_____ hand rather than rolled.
Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ⑥_____(lift)out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ⑦_____(they)contents. The meat should be fresh with ⑧_____ touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is ⑨_____(rare)enough, yet two seems greedy, and so I am always left ⑩_____(want) more next time.
四、【2023新课标Ⅱ卷】
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals
Since June 2017, right before the ①_____ (arrive)of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ②_____ (confidence)speaking English. And who do they speak English ③_____
Not the pandas, even though ④_____ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ⑤_____ (visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give ⑥_____ (interview)in English with international journalists. This is ⑦_____ they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning ⑧_____ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ⑨_____ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I ⑩_____ (wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
五、【2022年新高考Ⅰ卷】
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). ①_____(cover) an area about three times ②_____ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ③_____(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ④_____(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ⑤_____(design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ⑥_____ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations". The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ⑦_____(population) and homes of giant pandas, and ⑧_____(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ⑨_____ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ⑩_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
六、【2022新高考Ⅱ卷】
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ①_____(fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
②_____ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ③_____(sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ④_____(see) them. When he looked down, he ⑤_____(accidental) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes ⑥_____ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ⑦_____(fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ⑧_____(throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
"He saved my ⑨_____(son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ⑩_____ to thank him."
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
七、【2021新高考Ⅰ卷】
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". ①_____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ②_____(human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ③_____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ④_____(hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is—always leaving us ⑤_____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it ⑥_____(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ⑦_____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ⑧_____(ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ⑨_____(I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ⑩_____ must to visit!
八、【2021新高考Ⅱ卷】
I've always loved the ocean. In the ①_____(seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ②_____(think) it is food.
I decided to do something ③_____(educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company ④_____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管). I found the contact information of the company ⑤_____ emailed its president. I told him how ⑥_____(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so ⑦_____(excite) when he wrote back to me. He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ⑧_____(be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ⑨_____(represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over ⑩_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
九、【2020新高考Ⅰ卷】
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ①_____(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ②_____ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ③_____(form) the core collection of the British Museum ④_____ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ⑤_____(call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection ⑥_____(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine ⑦_____(they) living at a different time in history or ⑧_____ walk through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ⑨_____(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ⑩_____ people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
十、【2020新高考Ⅱ卷】
These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ①__________(begin) computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop ②__________ (education) computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological knowhow has become a ③__________ (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most ④__________ (profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes ⑤__________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores ⑥__________ wide range of materials, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ⑦__________ discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics ⑧__________ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers ⑨__________ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of ⑩__________ (we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.
答案以及解析
一、答案:engineering; functional; to give; closed; walks; the; favourites; as; that/which; richness
解析:①考查非谓语动词。此处修饰名词techniques,应用动名词作定语。故填engineering。
②考查形容词。此处修饰名词structure,应用形容词。故填functional。
③考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词open,此处应用非谓语动词;此处表示目的,应用不定式。故填to give。
④考查形容词。根据系动词stays可知,此处作表语,且表示"关闭的",应用形容词。故填closed。
⑤考查时态和主谓一致。本句描述客观情况,应用一般现在时;主语the Silk Route Garden是单数,动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
⑥考查冠词。for the first time是固定搭配,意为"第一次"。故填the。
⑦考查名词。modern Western是形容词,此处应用名词;favourite是可数名词,应用名词复数。故填favourites。
⑧考查介词。stand as是固定搭配,意为"作为"。故填as。
⑨考查定语从句。此处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Silk Route,且在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
⑩考查名词。根据the和of可知,此处应用名词;rich的名词形式为richness,是不可数名词。故填richness。
二、答案:①who②themes③were④to⑤inspired⑥was built⑦visibility⑧to find⑨Recalling⑩and
解析:①定语从句。先行词是Tang Xianzu,从句中缺少主语,且空前有逗号,故应用who引导非限制性定语从句。
②名词复数。根据"there are"可知,此处应用名词复数themes。句意:虽然他们可能从未见过面,但是他们的作品中有共同的主题。
③动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是Some of the things,且此处描述过去的事,故填 were。句意:汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的事。
④介词。be similar to是固定短语,意为"与..相似"。句意:我恰好发现汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》在一些方面相似。
⑤过去分词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此空应用非谓语动词;inspire与a six-meter-tall pavilion之间为动宾关系,应用过去分词作定语,故填inspired。句意:两年后,受《牡丹亭》的启发,一座六米高的凉亭被建在离莎士比亚出生地仅有十分钟的步行路程的杉园。
⑥动词的时态和语态。空处在句中作谓语,主语是a six-meter-tall pavilion,与build之间是被动关系,此处描述过去的事,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
⑦名词。international是形容词,应修饰名词。visible的名词形式为visibility,表示"知名度"。此处表示这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度。
⑧动词不定式。be amazed to do sth.是固定搭配,意为"对做某事感到惊讶"。此处表示游客惊讶地发现这两位伟大的作家之间的联系。
⑨现在分词。此句已有谓语动词said, recall与主语Edmondson之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,故填Recalling。句意:Edmondson回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚的戏剧《理查三世》的中文版,以及见到几年前来到斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员,他说:"听到中文以及看到汤显祖的戏剧如何被表演是非常令人兴奋的。"
⑩连词。hear the Chinese language和see how Tang's play was being performed是并列关系,故此处应用 and连接两个不定式短语,and 后承前省略不定式符号to。
三、答案:tasty;to bite;or;recognized;by;to be lifted;their;a;rarely;wanting
解析:①形容词空处与空前的形容词 hot并列,修饰空后的名词soup,故空处填形容词tasty。虽然名词taste还有另外一种形容词形式 tasteful,但该词意为"有鉴赏力的,趣味高雅的",不符合句意。
②非谓语动词此处考查"whether+不定式"结构,空处与下文的 to put是并列关系。
③连词whether...or..."是……还是……"是固定搭配。句意:要吃一个小笼包,你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口,把热气释放出来,冒着汤汁溢出来的风险,还是把整个包子塞进嘴里,让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。
④非谓语动词本句意为"上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但实际上专门研究食品史的人会把邻近的水乡古镇南翔视作小笼包的诞生地"。空处在句中作定语,修饰名词home,且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故填过去分词recognized。
⑤介词by hand"用手工",是固定搭配。故填by。
⑥to be lifted非谓语动词空前的them指代上文的xiao longbao,此处表示"小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来"。them与life是逻辑上的动宾关系,此处构成allow sth. to be done结构,意为"允许某事被做",故空处填 to be lifted。
⑦代词此处用形容词性物主代词 their 作定语,修饰空后的名词contents,表示"不会使包子开裂,,或者溢出包子里的任何东西"。
⑧冠词a touch of"少许,微量",是固定搭配。句意:肉应该新鲜,带着一丝甜味;汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。注意:and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。
⑨副词此句意为"可是,无论我在哪儿买小笼包,往往都是一屉不太够吃而两屉又太贪多",此处enough为形容词,其前应用副词修饰,故填 rarely"几乎不"。
⑩非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,此处考查"leave sb. doing sth."结构,表示"使我想着下次多吃点"。
四、答案:①arrival;②confident;③to/with;④the;⑤visiting;⑥interviews;⑦why;⑧Basically;⑨and;⑩wished
解析:①名词分析句子结构可知,空处作介词before的宾语,跟在定冠词the的后面,需要用名词,arrive的名词形式是 arrival。故填arrival。
②形容词根据空前的并列连词 and可知,空处与空前的形容词 comfortable并列,同作 feel 的表语,因此,空处也需要填形容词。故填confident。句意:自2017年6月,就在两只新大熊猫"梦梦"和"娇庆"到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更自在、更自信地讲英语。
③介词根据下文中的"Not the pandas...They talk to the flood of international tourists"可知,此处的意思是"他们和谁说英语呢"。故填 to/with。
④冠词空后为可数名词单数language,因此,空处考虑使用冠词起限定作用,根据language后的"used for the medical training instructions"可知,此处表特指,所以空处应该填定冠词the。
⑤非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,空处作前置定语,修饰空后的"Chinese zookeepers", visit与 Chinese zookeepers之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,此处意为"来访的中国动物园管理员",所以空处需要填visiting。句意:他们要和蜂拥而来的国际游客,以及来访的中国动物园管理员交谈。这些动物园管理员会经常来为从中国借来的大熊猫做检查。
⑥名词复数分析句子结构可知,空处作动词give的宾语,需要用名词。根据空后的"with international journalists"(和国际记者)可知,空处表示复数意义,所以空处需要填interviews。
⑦表语从句的引导词根据句意"他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语老师的原因"可知,此处考查固定句型"This is why...",所以空处需要填why。
⑧副词分析句子结构可知,空处作副词修饰整个句子。由于本空位于句首,首字母需要大写,所以空处需要填Basically。句意:那么,他们在学什么呢 总的说来,他们在学习如何描述大熊猫的生活。
⑨连词分析句子结构可知,空前的"to watch...develop"和空后的" to see...home"结构相似,空处考虑使用连词。结合句意"能够关注大熊猫项目的发展并看着大熊猫在新的住处安顿下来是一种荣幸"可知,空处前后是语意上的并列关系,所以空处应该填and。
⑩动词的时态根据空前的"As a little girl"和空后的"when I grew up" "Now, I'm living out that dream"可知,空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望,故时态应用一般过去时,所以空处需要填wished。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望我长大后成为一名动物园管理员。
五、答案:①Covering ②the ③were ④to increase ⑤is designed ⑥and ⑦populations ⑧eventually ⑨as ⑩that
解析:①非谓语动词。该句谓语部分为will be,故此处应该用非谓语动词作状语;cover与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
②冠词。这里单数名词size前需要冠词,构成倍数表达法"倍数+the size of+名词"表示"……的大小的几倍大"。
③时态和主谓一致。本空所在定语从句的主语,即关系代词that,指代前面的a significant number of areas,这个短语作主语时,谓语动词的数应该与复数名词areas保持一致;空后的previously unprotected 表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发生的事。因此填,were。句意:该计划将一大批之前未被保护的地区列入保护中,使得很多已有的大熊猫保护区域被统一管理,以便提高管理的有效性并降低不一致。
④非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处在句中作目的状语,表示"以便提高管理的有效性并降低不一致性"。
⑤时态、语态和主谓一致。GPNP作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;大熊猫国家公园与design之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;结合语境可知此处叙述的是现在的客观情况,用一般现在时。故填is designed。句意:大熊猫国家公园是按照"保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区和为将来后代留下宝贵自然资产"的指导原则来设计的。
⑥连词。通过句子结构中的"protecting..., preserving..., protecting..., ⑥_____ leaving"可以看出,这里需要并列连词来连接多个并列成分,因此填and。
⑦名词复数。population 在这里表示"种群",是可数名词,由空前的separate可知应填名词复数populations。
⑧副词。该空修饰动词achieve,应填所给词的副词形式 eventually。
⑨介词。动词短语serve as在此处表示"起作用,产生效果"。
⑩定语从句。先行词"the species"指物,并且其前有all修饰,故此处宜用关系代词that。句意:大熊猫国家公园打算为居住在大熊猫栖息地的所有物种提供更强的保护,并显著改善区域内生态系统的健康。
六、答案:①falling ②The ③asleep ④to see ⑤accidentally ⑥and ⑦was fixing ⑧threw ⑨son's ⑩how
解析:①非谓语动词。该空修饰名词child,由于child与fall之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,同时此处表示动作正在进行,故填falling。
②冠词。"the+姓氏的单数名词+family"表示整个家庭或家族,同时该空位于句首,首字母应该大写,故填The。
③形容词。fall这里作系动词,设空处应该用形容词作表语,表示"进入某种状态"。sleep为动词,应该用形容词 asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为"入睡",故填asleep。
④非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处应该使用不定式作目的状语,故填to see。
⑤副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用副词修饰动词slipped,故填accidentally。句意:他往下看的时候意外滑了一下,从阳台边缘摔了下去。
⑥连词。句中hung on和screamed两个动作应为并列关系,故用连词and。
⑦谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。此句是" be doing...when..."固定句型,该句描述的是过去发生的事情,且主语 Henry为第三人称单数,故填 was fixing。句意:Henry正在修理自己的汽车,突然听到呼救声。
⑧谓语动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处与后面的started 构成并列谓语,故填threw。
⑨名词所有格。根据语境"他救了我儿子的命"可知,life与所给出的son之间是所属关系,故应用名词所有格son's。
⑩特殊疑问词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用"特殊疑问词:动词不定式"作宾语,再结合语境"我不知道该如何感谢他"可知,应填how。
七、答案:①What ②humans ③undoubtedly ④hotter ⑤astonished ⑥was ⑦and ⑧aching ⑨mine ⑩a
解析:①名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知,本空引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为"……的事物"。本空位于句首,首字母应大写,故填What。
②复数名词。本空作宾语从句主语we的同位语,故应该用名词的复数形式。
③副词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语修饰动词help,故填undoubtedly。
④形容词比较级。根据语境可知气温越低,温泉就越热。本空所在句使用了"the+比较级,the+比较级"结构表示"越……越……",故本空填hot的比较级hotter。
⑤形容词。本空在"leave+复合宾语"结构中作宾补,astonished"吃惊的,惊讶的", astonishing"令人惊讶的",根据语境可知,这里指的是使我们惊讶,故填astonished。
⑥时态。句中有时间状语 then,因此这里说的是当初人们把那些石头放在固定的位置上(即做成石头台阶)很难,本空填was。
⑦连词。本空连接两个谓语动词(highlights 和 offers),表示顺接关系,因此这里填并列连词 and。句意:虽然它是登山时唯一的非自然景观,但是它却突出了整个冒险旅程,提供了一个你可以坐下来放松你疼痛的腿的地方。
⑧非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语,ache与中心词legs是逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词aching。
⑨代词。与前面的it will always stick in the visitor's memory呼应,这里表示 It sure sticks in my memory,因此本空填名词性物主代词mine。
⑩冠词。此处must表示"必须做的事",为可数名词,通常用单数。a must表示"必须做的一件事"。
八、答案:①seventh ②thinking ③to educate ④which/that ⑤and ⑥harmful ⑦excited ⑧was ⑨representative ⑩from
解析:①序数词。该处指"七年级",应用序数词 seventh。
②现在分词。分析句子结构可知,空处作状语;从句主语many sea animals和think之间为主动关系,故用动词的现在分词形式。
③动词不定式。空处表示目的,意为"来教育人们……",故用动词不定式。
④定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词a company,先行词在从句中作主语,故应填that/which。
⑤连词。此处表示我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。空处前后的动作为顺承关系,故用and连接。
⑥形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语,根据该句中的be可知,空处用形容词形式,表示"有害的"。
⑦形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语,根据主语I可知,该处用形容词excited。
⑧主谓一致和时态。该句主语为"One of the biggest companies",谓语动词应用单数形式;该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
⑨名词。根据该句的谓语动词"wrote back"可知,该处指"一位公司代表",故用名词representative。句意:一位公司代表写信回我说,该航空公司每天的1200架次航班正在从使用塑料杯转向使用纸杯。
⑩介词。"from...to..."为固定搭配,意为"从……到……",该处指"从塑料杯到纸杯",故填from。
九、答案:①wealthy ②or ③formed ④which/that ⑤are called ⑥is ⑦themselves ⑧walking ⑨accuracy ⑩for
解析:①考查形容词。空格处修饰名词people, 需用形容词做定语。
②考查连词。根据语境可知, 前后陈述的是两种可能性, 需用连词or。
③考查时态。空格处是谓语动词, 根据时间状语"in 1759"可知, 需用一般过去时。
④考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句, 先行词是the British Museum, 关系词在从句中做主语, 需用关系代词which/that。
⑤考查时态和语态。句中描述的是客观事实, 需用一般现在时; 主语与谓语call构成动宾关系, 需用被动语态, 且主语是复数概念, 故填are called。
⑥考查时态和主谓一致。句中描述的是客观事实, 需用一般现在时; 主语only a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念, 谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。
⑦考查反身代词。空格处指代visitors, 表示"他们自己", 需用反身代词。故填themselves。
⑧考查非谓语动词。空格处与living是并列成分, 共同做imagine的宾语补足语, imagine sb. doing sth, 意为"想象某人做某事"。
⑨考查名词。空格处做主语, 位于形容词Historical之后, 需用名词, 意为"历史的准确性"。
⑩考查介词。compete for为固定短语, 意为"为了......竞争"。
十、答案:to begin; educational; requirement; professions; that/which; a; and; is; are encouraged; our
解析:①本题考查"It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth."结构,该结构中it做形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
②此处修饰名词短语"computer programs",应用形容词形式。故填educational。
③动词become后接名词做宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,应用名词的单数形式。故填requirement。
④名词profession为可数名词,根据前面的most可知应用复数形式。故填professions。
⑤句中先行词为a set of volumes,在定语从句中做主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
⑥a wide range of广泛的,大范围的,为固定表达。故填a。
⑦前后分句为并列关系,所以用连词and。故填and。
⑧the number of...做主语时,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,应用一般现在时。故填is。
⑨主语Readers与encourage之间为动宾关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,应用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
⑩修饰名词短语"Further Resources section",应用形容词性物主代词。故填our。