Unit 5 Wild animals 知识点讲义 牛津译林版八年级英语上册

8A Unit5 Wild animals 重点单词、短语和语法
【Comic strip and Welcome to the unit】
重点单词短语：
1. Would you like to live in the wild, Eddie Why not Wild animals are free and happy.
考点1. wild /wa ld /
① (n.) 自然环境，野生状态 in the wild 在野外
② (adj.) 野生的 wild animals 野生动物 wild flowers 野花
考点2. 提出建议的句型
Why not do sth. = Why don’t you do sth. = What (How) about doing sth.
考点3. free
① (adj.) 自由的，不受拘束的
② (adj.) 免费的；
③ (adj.) 空闲的 在某人的空闲时间in one’s free time
④ freely (adv.) 无拘无束地，自由地
2. So could you please not eat them No way!
考点1. 委婉请求的问句
Could you please (not) do sth. =Would you please (not) do sth.
=Will you please (not) do sth. 请您(不要)做某事，好吗
答语可以是：Certainly. /Of course./With pleasure.
No problem. /Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can’t, I have to.../ I’m afraid not.
【拓展】
① I think so. / I don’t think so. 用于表达赞同或不赞同对方意见
② I hope so. / I hope not. 用于表达希望或不希望出现对方所提的事件或情况
③ I’m afraid so. / I’m afraid not. 委婉地表达对方所提的事件或情况的赞同或不赞同
考点2. No way. 不；绝不；无论如何都不
3. Please have pity on them, Eddie. I may die without them. In fact, these are not wild animals, Hobo.
考点1. pity /'p t / (n.)
un.同情 have / take pity on sb. 对…表示同情，怜悯
cn. 遗憾的事 What a pity! 真遗憾！
It is a pity that + 句子 遗憾…
1. —I lost the table tennis match last Monday. — What a pity!
2. It was a pity that you didn’t come to my birthday party.
考点2. ① die /da / (v.) 死，短暂性动词，后加时间点
过去式： died 现在分词：dying
die of 死于内因 die from 死于外因 die out 灭绝
例：死于饥饿 die of hunger 死于车祸 die from a car accident
② dead /ded/ (adj.) 死亡的, be dead 延续性动词，后加时间段
区别：The deer died two days ago.
The deer was dead for two days.
③ dying /'da / (adj.) 濒死的
④ death (n.) 死亡
考点3. without /w a t/ (prep.)
① 表示“没有带...”+ n.
She likes coffee without sugar.
② 表示“没有做...”+ doing sth.
She spoke without thinking.
③（条件）“假如没有...”
Without water we can’t live.
考点4. in fact= actually 事实上，实际上
考点5. maybe / may be
maybe: 副词，“也许，可能”，放句首。
may be: may (情态动词）+ be(动词原形）,“也许是 ”，在句中做谓语。
例：Maybe he is a teacher. = He may be a teacher.
【Reading】
1.We called her Xi Wang. This means “hope”. When Xi Wang was born, she weighed just 100 grams and looked like a white mouse.
= Xi Wang weighed just 100 grams at birth.
考点1. mean /mi:n/ (v.) 过去式：meant
意思是，意味着
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
② 打算
mean to do sth 打算做某事 = plan to do / intend to do
③ meaning / mi n / (un.) 意思 the meaning of ...的意思；
句型：What does.... ___mean_____ = What is the __meaning______ of ....
④ meaningless adj. 无意义的； meaningful adj. 有意义的；
考点2. be born 出生= at birth
be born in/ on + 时间 be born in +地点
考点3. weigh (v.) 称重
weight (n.) 体重
相关词组：lose weight（= get thinner）减肥，变瘦
put on weight (= get fatter)变胖
句型：What’s the weight of the bag = How much does the bag weigh
【巩固练习】
1. What was the weight of your daughter _______ birth She ________ about 3. 5 kg.
A. in; weight B. at; weight C. at; weighed D. in; weigh
【拓展】① 对这里的宾语补足语提问用what，注意区别：
--What do you call that tall man -- I call him Uncle Wang.
--How do you say it in English -- Mango.
② 被动语态形式be called意思是：被叫做……，名为……
eg: The boy is called Tom.
③ called可以放在名词后面作后置定语，意思是：叫……（名字）的人、物或地方
The boy called Tom is from Britain.
2. Eight months later, she was not a small baby any more and weighed over 35 kilograms.
考点13. not...any more, not ...any longer辨析
not...any more = (no more) 数量上不再增加或行为动作不再重复
not....any longer = (no longer) 指时间上不再延续
例：I am not a kid any more.
China is no longer what it was now.
如：The baby didn’t cry any more. = The baby no more cried.
He doesn’t live here any loner. = He no longer lives here.
【巩固练习】
1. 我们再也不应该购买动物皮衣了。
_________________________________________________________________
We should not buy fur coats any more.
3. In the beginning, Xi Wang drank her mother’s milk. When she was 20 months old, she learnt to look after herself.
考点1. beginning /b 'ɡ n / (n.) 开始
in the beginning在开始的时候= at first =firstly
at the beginning of...在...开始的时候；
begin 过去式: began
begin to do / doing sth. 开始做某事
1. In the beginning, he didn’t know how to drive a car.
2. At the beginning of the party, she sang a song.
4. Sadly, giant pandas face serious problems in the wild.
考点1. sadly (adv.) 令人遗憾地，不幸地
位置：可句首，可句末，可句中
句首/句末：修饰一整个句子 句中：修饰动词
sadness(n.) 悲伤
考点2. face (vt.)面对；面临 过去式：faced 现在分词:facing
face to face 面对面 face serious problems 面临严重的问题
考点3. serious (adj.)严肃的；认真的
be serious about 对…认真 一个严肃的老师 a serious teacher
seriously (adv.) 严肃地 严肃对待 take …seriously
5. For example, it is very difficulty for pandas to have babies. Also, giant pandas live mainly on a special kind of bamboo.
考点1.句型结构: It’s+adj. + to do sth. 做某事是怎么样的
It is + adj. +for sb+ to do sth 对某人来说做某事是怎么样的 描述的是事物的特征
形容词：different/ easy/ hard/ important /possible/dangerous/ necessary(必要的)
It is + adj. +of sb+ to do sth 某人做某事是怎么样的 描述的是人的性格、品质特征
形容词：kind/nice/ friendly/ clever
考点2. live on sth 靠……生活 feed on ... 以........为食
6. However, the bamboo forests are becoming smaller and smaller. As a result, pandas may not have a place to live or food to eat.
考点1. however 副词 然而；可是
区分：however是副词，单独使用且前面有逗号；but是连词，后加句子
即 however, +句子、but + 句子
考点2. result cn. 结果
as a result因此，结果= because of
as a result of 因为，由于，作为……的结果
如：As a result, the discussion was put off until the following week.
如：He was late as a result of(=because of) the heavy snow.
考点3. 后置定语
(1) to live和to eat中的两个不定式都用作后置定语，修饰前面的名词place
(2)注意：如果动词不定式中的动词，均为不及物动词，则应该视情况增加介词．．．．
如：Millie doesn’t have a pen to write.
7. Giant pandas are now in danger. we should take action right away. —make laws to protect pandas.
考点1. danger / de nd (r)/ (n.) 危险； 反义词：safety
be in danger = be endangered 处于危险中，濒危的 out of danger 脱离危险；
dangerous / de nd r s/ (adj.) 危险的；反义词：safe
考点2. action 不数名词，行动
take action to do sth 采取行动做某事
例：Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于言语
act (v.) 行动 active (adj.) 积极的
考点2. right away立即，立刻，马上= at once= right now
考点3. protect /pr 'tekt/ (v.) 保护；
protect ...from...: 保护...不受...；
= stop/prevent...(from) doing ...阻止...做...；
= keep...from doing....阻止...做...；
protection (un.) 保护
例：The noise kept me from __sleeping__ (sleep).
We should stop humans ___hunting_ (hunt) animals.
8. If we do nothing, soon there may be none left! She weighed only 100 grams at birth.
考点1. if “如果”
(1)if引导的是条件状语从句，整个句子则为复合句
(2)考查点：主将从现
(3)积累主将从现：if、unless、when、before、after、 until、not...until、as soon as
(4)含有条件句的结构可转换为：祈使句+and+积级的转果
祈使句+or+消极的结果
考点2. at birth 出生时= when sb. was born
重点语法：
一、if 的用法
① 假如，如果，引导条件状语从句
在含有if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句用了一般将来时，那么if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来. (主将从现)
例: If it doesn't rain tomorrow, I will go to the supermarket
If you have any question, you can ask your teacher for help.（主情从现）
If you feel hungry, find something to eat.（主祈从现）
② 是否，引导宾语从句，从句时态根据时间标志词或句意选择
二、none，no one 与nothing的辨析
词条 用法 例句
none 指人或指物，强调数量；谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；常与of连用，多用于回答how much和how many引导的问句。 --How many birds are there in the tree --None. None of the boys is/are from Japan.
no one=nobody =not anybody 意为“没有人”，只能指人，不可与介词of连用，谓语动词用单数形式，多用于回答who引导的问句 --Who is in the classroom --No one.
nothing = not anything 意为“没有物”，只能指物，不可与介词of连用，谓语动词用单数形式，多用于回答what引导的问句以及有 anything等的问句 --What's in the box --Nothing.
【Grammer】
A. 情态动词
(1) may表示“可能” (用于肯定句中) 【might 表示可能性很小】
This book may be Tom's. =Maybe/Perhaps this book is Tom's.
Jack may come to Jurong tomorrow. =Maybe/Perhaps Jack come to Jurong tomorrow.
我们可以用情态动词may来表示许可。
—May I see the letter 我可以看看这封信吗
—Yes, you can/ may. 是的, 你可以。或—No, you can't/may not/mustn't. 不, 你不能/不允许。
(2) can 表示“可能” (用于疑问句中)
Can that be true
(3) can't 表示“不可能” (用于否定句中)
That book can't be Tom's.
(4) must表示“肯定”(用于肯定句中)
That book must be Tom's.
mustn`t 表示“禁止”，只用于严肃的、危险的事情，语气强烈。
You mustn't play football on the road.
(5) may not 表示“可能不”。
The news may not be true.
B. 动词不定式
1、动词不定式概述
①动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，否定形式是“not to+动词原形”
②动词不定式没有人称，数和时态的变化
③在句子中不能作谓语，但可以充当除谓语之外的任何成分（主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾
语补足语等）
2、动词不定式做宾语注意点
①agree、choose、decide、hope、learn、plan、prepare、promise、refuse、seem、want、wish
等动词后直接跟动词不定式作宾语
②有的动词（如begin, start, like等）既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，
且含义基本相同
③“疑问词（how, what, where, which, when等）+ 动词不定式”结构可跟在一些动词（tell, show, teach, know等）后作宾语
④如果作宾语的动词不定式很长，为了保持句子平衡，可用．．it．．作形式宾语．．．，而将真正的宾语
（动词不定式）后置
⑤有的动词既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词-ing形式作宾语，但意义区别比较明显，
如：forget/remember to do sth. (忘记/记住要做某事)
forget/remember doing sth. (忘记/记得做过某事)
stop to do sth. (停下来去做另一件事)
stop doing sth. (停止正在做的事)
四、动词或形容词 + 名词后缀ing/ness/ion→ 构成名词
--ing --ness
mean (动词) meaning (含义) ill(形容词) illness (疾病)
shop(动词) shopping(购物) sad(形容词) sadness(悲伤)
swim(动词) swimming(游泳) kind(形容词) kindness(善良)
paint (动词) painting (画) sick(形容词) sickness (疾病)
begin (动词) beginning (开始) dark(形容词) darkness (黑暗)
feel(动词) feeling(感觉) happy(形容词) ★happiness(快乐)
--ion --ion
act(动词) action(行动) celebrate动词 celebration(庆祝)
discuss(动词) discussion(讨论) invite(动词) invitation(邀请)
collect (动词) collection (收藏) decide (动词) ★decision(决定)
动词+er/r/or构成名词。名词+ist构成名词
--er --or
speak(动词) speaker说话者 visit(动词) visitor 参观者
farm(动词: 种田) farmer 农民 act(动词) actor 男演员
paint(动词) painter 画家, 油漆匠 invent(动词) inventor 发明家
play(动词) player 运动员 collect(动词) collector 收藏家
report(动词) reporter 记者 direct(动词) director 导演
wait(动词) waiter 男服务员
work(动词) worker 工人
swim(动词) ★swimmer 游泳者
shop(动词) ★shopper 购物者
win(动词) ★winner 获胜者
--r --ist
drive(动词) driver 驾驶员 tour(名词) tourist 旅行者
write(动词) writer 作者 art(名词) ★ artist 艺术家
dance(动词) dancer 舞蹈家 science(名词) ★scientist 科学家
piano(名词) pianist 钢琴家
1.The horse is standing with eyes closed. They can work out easy maths problems. Bats can’t see but they can fly right way with the help of their mouth and ears. Did you know that bees never get lost
考点1. closed (adj.) 关闭的，关着的，表示状态 反义词：open(adj.) 开着的
拓展close的用法：
① adj. 亲密的 (在空间上)接近 和…亲密 be close to
② adv. 接近 靠着窗户坐 sit close to the window
③ v.关闭 关窗 close the window
考点2. with+宾语+宾补
(1)介词短语用作件随状语
(2)补语可以是：形容词、副词、介词短语、过去分词、动词-ing形式
如：Fish sleep with their eyes open.
He stood before his teacher with his head down.
She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
考点3. work out 解决；找到…的答案
解决问题 work out the problems
注意：代中结构 work it out
补充：work on 从事
考点4. with the help of在…的帮助下=with one’s help
without one’s help
考点5. get lost 迷路= lose one’s way
lost(adj.)迷路的，迷失的 lose(v.)迷路
2. Bees always come back the same way as they went. Yes, but sometimes they forget where to find the food.
考点1. the same…as 与……(几乎)相同的；同样的
如：Men and women should get the same pay for doing the same jobs.
You’ve made the same mistake as last time.
与…相同 be the same as 与…不同 be different from
考点2. 特殊疑问词+动词不定式
如：I don’t know what to do.
She didn’t know where to go.
考点3. save v.
① 储存 存钱save money
② 挽救；保存 挽救某人的生命save one’s life
③ 节省 节约用水 save water
【Integrated skills】
1. hunters catch tigers for their fur, bones or other parts of the body
考点1. catch (v.) 捉住；接住：赶上；理解 过去式：caught
catch a cold 患感冒 catch a fire 着火
catch up with 赶上
例：Did you catch what he said
2. losing living areas. What a shame! Right. I think everybody should act to protect wild animals.
考点1. lose (v.) ①失去，被……夺取；② 输掉 lose—lost—lost
失去生命 lose one’s life 输掉比赛 lose the game
lost (adj.)迷路的 get lost
loss (n.) 失去，丢失 …的失去 the loss of
考点2. living (n.) 生存；生计 make a living 谋生
do sth. for a living 做某事来谋生= make a living by doing sth
(adj.)活着的 living thing生物
考点3. shame (n.) 羞愧
What a shame! 多遗憾啊！ 同义句：It’s a great pity!太遗憾了
shamed (adj.) 感到羞愧的 be shamed of 对…感到羞愧
考点4. act (v.) 行动 (v.) 表演
act to do sth 行动做某事
act as 充当
actor(n.)男演员 actress(n.)女演员
act to protect wild animals = take action(s) to protect wild animals 采取行动来保护野生动物
= do something to protect wild animals
【拓展】act动词：行动，表演 → action 名词：行动，行为 →activity 名词：活动
→active/inactive 形容词：积极的/不积极的
→actor/actress 名词：男演员/女演员
3. They sell the animals’ fur, bones or other parts of the body.
考点4. sell (v.) 卖，售卖 sell—sold—sold
相关短语：sell out卖光 sell well 畅销
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
【Study skills】
1. Many wild animals are now in danger because of hunting. We hope you can accept our invitation and join us.
考点1. because of
(1)because：连词，后跟从句
如：I missed the train because I got up late.
(2)because of：of为介词，后跟名词(短语)，代词或动名词
如：He passed the exam because of his hard work.
(3)because与because of还可以互相转换
如：He didn’t go to school because of illness. = He didn’t go to school because he was ill.
考点2. receive（客观地）收到，接到；不涉及主观“接受”与否
accept（主观地） 接受...；
考点3. invitation (n.)邀请 accept an invitation
invite(v.)邀请
【Task】
1. A report on bears. They seldom hurt people. Otherwise, there may be no bears left in the world.
考点1. report /r p (r)t/
① （v.）报告，报道； It is reported that... 据报道...；
② （n.）报道；报告
a report on/about...一份有关....的报道；
give a report 做报告； news report 新闻报道；
③ reporter（n.）记者
考点2. seldom (adv.)很少；不常 表示否定意义
位置：助后 (be动词、情态动词)行前
考点3. otherwise (adv.) 否则，要不然
【区分】otherwise 副词: 否则(后面有逗号); or 连词: 否则(后面没有逗号)
如：Put on your coat on, otherwise you’ll catch a cold.