课件28张PPT。 第一轮复习 语法专题
专题十三
句子成分和句子分类 广东真题( ) 1. --- So far, Su Binglan is the only Chinese who
finished the 100-meter race in less than 10
seconds.
--- ______ he runs! (2015·广东)
A. How slow B. How fast
C. What a slow D. What a fast B 广东真题( ) 2. —Do you know Wang Feng? He can remember 100
groups of numbers in five minutes.
—Yes. ____ man he is! (2014·广东)
A. What a smart B. How smart
C. What a stupid D. How stupid
( ) 3. —_____is it from the village to your farm?
— About 10 minutes’ walk. (2013?广东)
A. How often B. How soon
C. How long D. How farDA( ) 4. Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year.
________ excellent he is! (2013?广东)
A. How B. What
C. What a D. What an
( ) 5. — You haven’t been to the West Lake, have you?
—_____. But I will go there with my parents this
summer vacation. (2012·广东)
A. No, I haven’t B. No, I didn’t
C. Yes, I have D. yes, I didA 广东真题A( ) 6. — Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning, __?
—No. She got up too late. (2011·广东)
A. had she B. hadn’t she
C. did she D. didn’t she
( ) 7. — ____ will you come back ?
—In an hour. (2010·广东)
A. How soon??? B. How often??
C. How far??? D. How long
( ) 8. The boy has a new MP4, _______? (2010·广东)
??? A. doesn’t he??? B. isn’t he????
C. does he?????? D. is heCA 广东真题A 句子是具有一定的语法结构,表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。
一、 句子的成分。
句子一般可以分为几个部分,每一个部分在句子中具有一定的功能,称为句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1. 主语是一个句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或物,是动作的发出者。主语的位置一般在句首。名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、句子都能作主语。
He works in a big company.
Doing more exercises is good for our health.★考点梳理2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作与状态(说明主语做什么、是什么或怎么样),一般在主语之后。谓语动词要用各种时态。
They are dancing.
3. 表语放在连系动词之后,说明主语的身份、特征和状态。
The dish tastes good.
4. 宾语表示动作的对象,是主语动作的承受者,放在及物动词或介词后。名词、代词(宾格)、数词、动词不定式、动名词、句子都能作宾语。
I am writing a letter.5. 定语是用来修饰名词或代词。除了形容词可做定语外,名词、名词所有格、数词、动词不定式、动名词、介词短语、句子都能作定语。
I have some exciting news to tell you.
People who steal things are called thieves.
6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。作状语的有副词或相当于副词的短语和从句。
The Great Wall is popular in the world. 二、 句子的分类。
1. 句子按结构分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
(1) 简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)。
简单句的五种句型:
A. 主语 + 不及物动词(主、谓结构) He is working.
B. 主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语(主、谓、宾结构) We learn English every day. C. 主语+ 连系动词 + 表语(主、系、表结构) Trees turn green.
常见的连系动词有:be ;become ;get ;turn ;feel ;look(看起来);smell(闻起来);sound(听起来);taste(尝起来);seem(似乎)。 特别注意:形容词常作表语。
D. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语(人)+ 直接宾语(物)
=主语+ 及物动词 + 直接宾语(物)+ to / for + 间接宾语(人)
常用的此类动词有:give ;pass ;show ;lend ;buy等,但buy与for连用。
I gave him a book. = I gave a book to him.
My mother bought me a pen yesterday. = My mother bought a pen for me.
E. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
注意作宾补的词:1)名词 2)形容词;3)不定式;4)动词的ing 形式。
We call him Jim.
We must keep the window open.
He told me to wash the plates.
I saw a thief going into your room.
(2) 并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上简单句连在一起构成。
I learn English and he learns French.
(3) 复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。初中阶段主要考察宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
It was raining hard when I got home yesterday.
2. 句子按功能分可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句用来说明一件事实或表达一种看法;疑问句用来提出问题;祈使句用来发出请求或命令;感叹句用来表达强烈的感情。 考点一:陈述句 陈述句是用来叙述一个事实,表达一种观点的句子。它有肯定和否定两种形式。
陈述句的否定式:
1. 如果谓语动词是be,或有助动词和情态动词时,在它们后面加not构成否定句。
2. 如果谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词和情态动词时,在谓语动词前加do/does/did再加not构成否定句。
3. 其他否定词如no,never等也构成陈述句的否定式。
He doesn’t like this. I don’t want to do that.
She isn’t a student.
He has no brothers or sisters. 考点二:疑问句
用来提出问题或表示疑问的句子就叫疑问句。这类句子的形式比较多,中学阶段常见的有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句
一般疑问句是用来表示某人或某物是否属实,并且要用yes或no来回答的疑问句。这种疑问句朗读时要用升调。其语序一般要用倒装结构。如:
— Are you an engineer?
— Yes,I am或No,I am not.
2. 特殊疑问句
以疑问代词(who,whom,whose,what,which等)和疑问副词(when,where,why,how等)开头的疑问句就叫特殊疑问句。这种疑问句朗读时用降调。其答语是陈述句。
— When did he fly to America?
— Next Monday.3. 选择疑问句
在句中提供的两个或多个答案中选择一个作回答的疑问句,就叫做选择疑问句。朗读时前面的一个或多个选择用升调,最后一个选择用降调。这种疑问句的句式结构有两种情况:即一般疑问句和特殊疑问句再加上供选择的两个或多个部分。但不管用哪种形式,都要按实际情况来回答。一般不用yes或no来回答。
— Do you enjoy playing football or volleyball?
— I enjoy playing volleyball.
— Which floor do you live on,the 15th floor or the 21st floor?
— On the 21st floor. B 考点再现C A 考点三:祈使句
表示请求、命令、禁止、劝告或建议的句子叫祈使句。
肯定祈使句。祈使句的主语通常是第二人称,往往省略。后可加please,表示强调或加强劝说语气。 Stop talking!
Come here in time!
其否定在谓语动词前加Don’t或Never.
Don’t talk in class.
Never leave today’s work for tomorrow. 2. 以Let’s 开头的祈使句。
Let’s go together.
Let him go first.
其否定式是在let 前Don’t或在不定式前加not.
Don’t let him go first. Let him not go first.
3. 动词do开头的祈使句,在句中起加强语气的作用,译成“一定,务必”。
Do come to see me if you have time.
4. 以No开头的祈使句,No +n./ doing sth.,一般用于警示,标志等。
No smoking! 禁止吸烟
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼
No photos! 禁止拍照
B考点再现考点四:感叹句
含有表示情绪色彩的词的句子叫感叹句。感叹句的结构通常有三种形式:
(1)what引导的感叹句,强调句中的名词;
(2)how引导的感叹句、强调句中的形容词或副词;
(3)由感彩的单词或词组构成的感叹句。
1. What引导的感叹句。What+a/an+adj.+ 单数可数名词+主谓结构!(有时主谓可省略)
What+ adj.+不可数名词或复数名词+主谓结构!
What a hot day it is!
What good advice the teacher gave us!
What tall buildings they are! 2. How引导的感叹句。How+adj./adv.+主谓结构!
How+ adj. + a/an +单数可数名词+主谓结构!
How interesting the book is!
How hard they are working! AA考点再现1-5 BABAB
6-10 CBDDD
11-15 DDBCA
16-20 ACACC 中考链接 1-5 CAAAB
6-10 ABBDD
11-15 DAADA
16-20 AABAC 考点精练Thank You!