2024-2025学年广东省深圳市龙岗区龙城高级中学高二上学期期中英语试题（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024-2025学年广东省深圳市龙岗区龙城高级中学高二上学期期中英语试题（含答案） |  | |
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2024-2025学年广东省深圳市龙岗区龙城高级中学高二上学期11月期中英语试题
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
1. In PASS, students ________.
A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules
C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems
2. What can students do if a session is full
A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list.
C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list.
3. Students will be deregistered if ________.
A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively
C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row
B
My grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. She was sitting in the living room with other residents, half of them asleep. The room was clean and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television and the only other sounds were snoring (打呼噜). Grandma talked a lot about how much she missed her grandson but I hated going to visit her there and, to be honest, I couldn’t wait to get away myself.
So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary—combining an old people’s home with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities such as painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on. Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, but the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people having no contact with children, and more old people who feel lonely and useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. It’s a major problem in many societies.
That’s why intergenerational programmes, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful initiatives. Young people teaching IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Old people working as volunteer assistants in schools is another, perhaps reading with children who need extra attention.
The advantages are enormous. The children are happy because they get more individual attention. They also see illness and death and learn to accept them. The residents are happy because they feel useful and more interested in life. There will be less conflict in a community if older people can understand the youth, and vice versa.
Now we need to rediscover what “community” really means. Then perhaps getting old won’t be such a depressing prospect after all.
4. Why did the author hate going to the old people’s home
A. The old people’s home was lifeless.
B. He didn’t love his grandmother that much.
C. He didn’t want to disturb the sleeping people.
D. The staff were so helpful that he wasn’t needed.
5. Why does the author mention the newspaper story in paragraph 2
A. To present a possible solution.
B. To share his reading experience.
C To introduce the topic for discussion.
D. To add some background information.
6 What problem are many societies facing
A. Generation gap. B. Care for the eldly.
C. Support for children. D. Intergenerational contact.
7. What’s an advantage of bringing the old and the young together
A Children feel meaningful in life. B. The old will feel fulfilling in life.
C. Children learn more modern skills. D. The old can better understand aging.
C
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
8. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
9. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
10. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
11. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
D
A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong.
The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values.
The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern.
To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation.
“We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts.
12. Which will not follow a seasonal trend
A. Purity of tradition. B. Loyalty to one’s party.
C. Fairness among people. D. Respect for authority.
13. Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn
A. Changes in temperature. B. Increased holiday expenses.
C. Reduction in vegetable varieties D. New challenges from school and work.
14. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Moral values are steady. B. Moral principles are changeable.
C. Moral influences may be ignored. D. Moral changes can affect plan making.
15. What is the passage mainly about
A. Our morals change with the seasons. B. Anxiety rises when we feel threatened.
C. Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D. Individualizing values and binding values differ.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余。
Were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate in school life It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. ___16___Fortunately, understanding how to deal with it, and knowing what is distracting(使分心) you, can help.
Scientists have looked at what makes us distracted and found a number of ways to help us grown-ups stay in the zone. ___17___Research by Science Focus magazine found it helpful to seat yourself at a quiet coffee bar working on your laptop. It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removed a major distraction and helped us focus on the task at hand.
___18___ Psychologists are increasingly interested in our ability to get wholly absorbed in our work and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. According to their findings, making a task more visually demanding works a lot. Our brain may get the signal that the task takes up more processing power and leaves it nothing left to process distractions.
There are more practical tips to keep you focused. Make a reasonable list or timetable of the tasks you have to do. Find a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things. ___19___It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.
As adults, we are trying so hard to avoid being distracted. However, distraction isn’t all bad. If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. ___20___
A. Or chew some gum!
B. The tougher a task is, the better.
C. In this sense, distraction is vital for survival.
D. Another possible way is to keep your mind busy.
E. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life.
F. One of the most efficient solutions is to get rid of noise.
G. Students may always find themselves distracted from the lessons.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was born in the Netherlands and lived there until I was 30 years old. In the Dutch context, I was emotionally intelligent, and I ____21____ expect that this could be any different.
When at the University of Michigan, I joined a discussion on ____22____. I introduced myself in an understated (Dutch) way as “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor, to fit American ____23____ , added that I was one of the world’s experts on culture and emotion. In response, I looked down in ____24____ and said in a low voice that “expert” was a big word.
I lived in North Carolina and had new friends coming over for dinner. Conversations were lively that evening. When my guests left, they ____25____ me for dinner. My heart sank, because in the Netherlands, “thanking for dinner” means the relationship is ____26____ .
The Netherlands and the US do not have massively different ____27____ . But emotional interactions between individuals from these different cultures are not ____28____ . The professor meant to make me feel good, but instead made me ____29____ . My friends meant to show gratitude, but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead. Where did it go wrong in these interactions
I now think the answer is that we were interacting with different ______30______ in mind. In the US, it is important that people feel good about themselves: other people help you ______31______ and have self-esteem. You are an expert, and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner. ______32______ , in the Netherlands, it is important to make true. ______33______ with other people, and not to pretend you are better than anybody else. The daily dances of emotions are ______34______ : Americans dance to the music of making each other special, while Dutch dance to the music of true connection. And when you ______35______ them up, people start stepping on each other’s toes.
21. A. never B. rarely C. usually D. sometimes
22. A. manners B. emotions C. literature D. intelligence
23. A. policies B. procedures C. standards D. requirements
24. A. anger B. delight C. disappointment D. embarrassment
25. A. asked B. thanked C. praised D. blamed
26. A. distant B. insincere C. harmonious D. meaningful
27 A. origins B. cultures C. environment D. languages
28. A. complicated B. fluent C. interesting D. regular
29. A. annoyed B. anxious C. humble D. uncomfortable
30. A. methods B. purposes C. feelings D. expectations
31. A. stand out B. show off C. calm down D. cheer up
32. A. For instance B. Above all C. After all D. By contrast
33. A. promises B. contributions C. connections D. comparisons
34. A. different B. personal C. important D. widespread
35. A. build B. take C. pick D. mix
第二节(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
36. Many people tend to assume that ________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.
A. imitation B. imagination
C. innovation D. inspiration
37. Online learning platforms often lack the face-to-face ________ that traditional classrooms provide.
A. rejection B. cooperation C. amusement D. interaction
38. The employees felt very ________ when the company announced a bonus for their hard work throughout the year.
A. complicated B. appreciative C. intense D. embarrassed
39. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________, it is vital that we strive for the equality.
A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Despite D. Additionally
40. It’s true that she made a mistake but she hardly________ to lose her job.
A. requires B. deserves C. persevere D. guarantee
41. You will run into ________ if you spend more than your income.
A. spot B. fame C. debt D. outline
42. —Why did you say that the other day
—It was just a casual ________. I didn’t mean anything by it.
A. remark B. contest C. concept D. intention
43. It took her a lot of ________ to walk up to the podium and deliver the presentation in front of hundreds of people.
A. nerve B. pace C. revelation D. relish
44. My family’s kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life ______ living. It is also great to see something ______ of note during my walk through the woods.
A. worthy; worthy B. worth; worthy
C. worth; worthwhile D. worthwhile; worth
45. She was ________ to receive the bouquet of flowers, which were simply ________ with their vibrant colors and sweet fragrance.
A. delighted; delighted B. delightful; delightful
C. delighted; delightful D. delightful; delighted
46. Under intense pressure, the old bridge finally ________, causing a huge traffic jam.
A. gave way B. went wild C. paid off D. stood still
47. Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game, our coach got us to ________ and ready to give our best shot in the second half.
A. hold up B. cheer up C. descend upon D. probe into
48. When the interviewer asked me about my future plans, I was ________ because I had no idea at all.
A. told off B. brought into focus C. put on the spot D. let down
49. Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) , and he said lemons would ________.
A. come to life B. burst onto C. bring out D. do the trick
50. Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. them B. whom C. who D. that
51. It rained hard yesterday, ________ prevented me from going to the park.
A. when B. what C. that D. which
52. Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is ________ her granny.
A. nursing; looking after B. nursing; look after
C. to nurse; to look after D. nursing; to look after
53. Jack told us that he regretted ________ more when he was younger.
A. to travel B. travel C. not traveling D. traveling
54. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed
C. After being exposed D. Being exposed
55. We should remember that it is a waste of time ________ video games all day long.
A. plays B. to play C. playing D. play
第三节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Home cooks are wild about it. Chili crisp, a Chinese condiment (作料) that mixes chili peppers with oil and other elements, has become one of the food world’s top ____56____ (pick). But how did this essential condiment originate
Chilies weren’t originally from China. In fact, ____57____ is now considered a symbol of Chinese cuisine wasn’t introduced to the country until the 16th century, ____58____ an age of exploration and trade brought chilis to the mainland.
The earliest ____59____ (record) documentation of chilis in China dates back to 1591. According to Brian Dott, who ____60____ (pen) “The Chile Pepper in China: A Cultural Biography ”, the famous historical figure Gao Lian wasn’t “all that excited” about it, and he used the chili plant more ____61____ a decorative element. However, while the upper class of Chinese society admired chili plants for their beauty, ____62____ general public started consuming them. By 1765, local historians observed that in Hunan, chilis were used ____63____ (season) sauces, vinegar, and preserve vegetables.
Different from other spices, chili peppers were not initially farmed and traded as commodities (商品). Instead, they fell into the hands of skilled farmers ____64____ (accidental) . Over time, chili peppers have become integrated in Chinese cooking, and nowadays, their integration into every level of society has become _____65_____ (popular) than ever before.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你从网上得知联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 将在你所在的城市举办“一带一路”茶文化交流活动，现正在城市范围内招募中学生志愿者。请你用英文给该组织负责人写一封申请信。内容包括：
1. 对活动认识；
2. 个人优势。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Kathy’s family vacation to the beach was usually the highlight of her summer. This year, however, her parents announced a new rule: no phones for the entire week.
“But my friends will be expecting updates about the trip,” Kathy complained. Kathy’s mom gave her a serious look. Unwillingly, Kathy handed her phone over and her mom locked it away in her room.
The drive to the beach house took most of the day. As they turned off the highway onto country back roads, the clouds darkened. Rain started to pour. “Even more beautiful in the rain,” her mother said. “What do you think, Kathy ” Kathy glared at her mom. “Beautiful,” she muttered.
That night after dinner, Kathy wandered into the kitchen, where her father was washing dishes. She gave her father a loving look and said in her sweetest voice, “Couldn’t I have my phone back, just for one second Just so I can tell everyone what an amazing time I’m having ”
“Can’t,” he said. “It’s not here. Remember ” Kathy was very annoyed. Having nothing better to do, she examined the dusty bookcase in the living room. The books looked as dull as the weather. On the top shelf, however, she spotted a puzzle. She took it, emptied the pieces on the table, and began to sort them.
After what seemed like a few minutes, she looked up. It was past ten o’clock. She had been working for almost two hours! She yawned. The puzzle was less than half done, but she was exhausted. So, she went to bed.
When Kathy awoke the next morning, she jumped out of bed and threw open the curtains. A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean. The sky was cloudless. The scene reminded Kathy of a photo that her friend Betty had recently sent her.
This view was even better. It would leave everyone speechless. Kathy dashed to her bedside table and reached for her phone. But there was nothing there. She sighed. Still, she wandered in front of the window, admiring the sunrise.
After a quick breakfast, Kathy headed to the beach. Under no circumstances had Kathy expected the scenery to be so spectacular! With the sea wind blowing against her face, Kathy totally lost herself in the stunning views.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After half an hour’s leisure walk along the beach, Kathy returned to the house.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
1. In PASS students ________.
A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules
C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems
2. What can students do if a session is full
A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list.
C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list.
3. Students will be deregistered if ________.
A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively
C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D
B
My grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. She was sitting in the living room with other residents, half of them asleep. The room was clean and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television and the only other sounds were snoring (打呼噜). Grandma talked a lot about how much she missed her grandson but I hated going to visit her there and, to be honest, I couldn’t wait to get away myself.
So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary—combining an old people’s home with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities such as painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on. Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, but the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people having no contact with children, and more old people who feel lonely and useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. It’s a major problem in many societies.
That’s why intergenerational programmes, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful initiatives. Young people teaching IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Old people working as volunteer assistants in schools is another, perhaps reading with children who need extra attention.
The advantages are enormous. The children are happy because they get more individual attention. They also see illness and death and learn to accept them. The residents are happy because they feel useful and more interested in life. There will be less conflict in a community if older people can understand the youth, and vice versa.
Now we need to rediscover what “community” really means. Then perhaps getting old won’t be such a depressing prospect after all.
4. Why did the author hate going to the old people’s home
A. The old people’s home was lifeless.
B. He didn’t love his grandmother that much.
C. He didn’t want to disturb the sleeping people.
D. The staff were so helpful that he wasn’t needed.
5. Why does the author mention the newspaper story in paragraph 2
A. To present a possible solution.
B. To share his reading experience.
C. To introduce the topic for discussion.
D. To add some background information.
6. What problem are many societies facing
A. Generation gap. B. Care for the eldly.
C. Support for children. D. Intergenerational contact.
7. What’s an advantage of bringing the old and the young together
A. Children feel meaningful in life. B. The old will feel fulfilling in life.
C. Children learn more modern skills. D. The old can better understand aging.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B
C
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
8. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
9. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
10. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
11. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. D
D
A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong.
The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values.
The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern.
To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation.
“We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts.
12. Which will not follow a seasonal trend
A. Purity of tradition. B. Loyalty to one’s party.
C. Fairness among people. D. Respect for authority.
13. Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn
A. Changes in temperature. B. Increased holiday expenses.
C. Reduction in vegetable varieties D. New challenges from school and work.
14. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Moral values are steady. B. Moral principles are changeable.
C. Moral influences may be ignored. D. Moral changes can affect plan making.
15. What is the passage mainly about
A. Our morals change with the seasons. B. Anxiety rises when we feel threatened.
C. Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D. Individualizing values and binding values differ.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. A
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余。
Were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate in school life It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. ___16___Fortunately, understanding how to deal with it, and knowing what is distracting(使分心) you, can help.
Scientists have looked at what makes us distracted and found a number of ways to help us grown-ups stay in the zone. ___17___Research by Science Focus magazine found it helpful to seat yourself at a quiet coffee bar working on your laptop. It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removed a major distraction and helped us focus on the task at hand.
___18___ Psychologists are increasingly interested in our ability to get wholly absorbed in our work and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. According to their findings, making a task more visually demanding works a lot. Our brain may get the signal that the task takes up more processing power and leaves it nothing left to process distractions.
There are more practical tips to keep you focused. Make a reasonable list or timetable of the tasks you have to do. Find a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things. ___19___It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.
As adults, we are trying so hard to avoid being distracted. However, distraction isn’t all bad. If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. ___20___
A. Or chew some gum!
B. The tougher a task is, the better.
C. In this sense, distraction is vital for survival.
D. Another possible way is to keep your mind busy.
E. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life.
F. One of the most efficient solutions is to get rid of noise.
G. Students may always find themselves distracted from the lessons.
【答案】16. E 17. F 18. D 19. A 20. C
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was born in the Netherlands and lived there until I was 30 years old. In the Dutch context, I was emotionally intelligent, and I ____21____ expect that this could be any different.
When at the University of Michigan, I joined a discussion on ____22____. I introduced myself in an understated (Dutch) way as “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor, to fit American ____23____ , added that I was one of the world’s experts on culture and emotion. In response, I looked down in ____24____ and said in a low voice that “expert” was a big word.
I lived in North Carolina and had new friends coming over for dinner. Conversations were lively that evening. When my guests left, they ____25____ me for dinner. My heart sank, because in the Netherlands, “thanking for dinner” means the relationship is ____26____ .
The Netherlands and the US do not have massively different ____27____ . But emotional interactions between individuals from these different cultures are not ____28____ . The professor meant to make me feel good, but instead made me ____29____ . My friends meant to show gratitude, but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead. Where did it go wrong in these interactions
I now think the answer is that we were interacting with different ______30______ in mind. In the US, it is important that people feel good about themselves: other people help you ______31______ and have self-esteem. You are an expert, and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner. ______32______ , in the Netherlands, it is important to make true. ______33______ with other people, and not to pretend you are better than anybody else. The daily dances of emotions are ______34______ : Americans dance to the music of making each other special, while Dutch dance to the music of true connection. And when you ______35______ them up, people start stepping on each other’s toes.
21. A. never B. rarely C. usually D. sometimes
22. A. manners B. emotions C. literature D. intelligence
23. A. policies B. procedures C. standards D. requirements
24. A. anger B. delight C. disappointment D. embarrassment
25. A. asked B. thanked C. praised D. blamed
26. A. distant B. insincere C. harmonious D. meaningful
27. A. origins B. cultures C. environment D. languages
28. A. complicated B. fluent C. interesting D. regular
29. A. annoyed B. anxious C. humble D. uncomfortable
30. A. methods B. purposes C. feelings D. expectations
31. A. stand out B. show off C. calm down D. cheer up
32. A. For instance B. Above all C. After all D. By contrast
33. A. promises B. contributions C. connections D. comparisons
34. A. different B. personal C. important D. widespread
35. A. build B. take C. pick D. mix
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D
第二节(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
36. Many people tend to assume that ________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.
A. imitation B. imagination
C. innovation D. inspiration
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人倾向认为革新意味着创造新的东西，但实际上它不仅仅如此，它是一种做事的态度。A. imitation仿制品，赝品；B. imagination想象；C. innovation革新，变革；D. inspiration灵感。根据后文means creating something new可知，是“创新”，故选C。
37. Online learning platforms often lack the face-to-face ________ that traditional classrooms provide.
A. rejection B. cooperation C. amusement D. interaction
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在线学习平台往往缺乏传统课堂所提供的面对面互动。A. rejection拒绝；驳回；否决；B. cooperation合作；协作；配合；C. amusement娱乐；消遣；乐趣；D. interaction互动；交流；相互作用。根据“that traditional classrooms provide.”可知，与传统课堂相比较，在线学习平台缺乏面对面的互动。故选D。
38. The employees felt very ________ when the company announced a bonus for their hard work throughout the year.
A. complicated B. appreciative C. intense D. embarrassed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当公司宣布给员工发奖金以奖励他们一年来的辛勤工作时，他们感到非常感激。A. complicated复杂的；B. appreciative感激的；C. intense强烈的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“when the company announced a bonus for their hard work throughout the year”可知，员工对于奖励应是感到感激，故选B。
39. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________, it is vital that we strive for the equality.
A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Despite D. Additionally
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查副词和介词辨析。句意：我们成功改变法律的可能性很小。然而，争取平等是至关重要的。A. Moreover此外（副词），表示递进关系；B. Nevertheless然而（副词），表示转折关系；C. Despite尽管（介词），表示让步关系；D. Additionally此外（副词），表示递进关系。空后有逗号和句子分开，空处应用副词，空前表示成功改变法律的可能性很小，空后表示仍应争取平等，前后是转折的关系，应用Nevertheless来衔接。故选B。
40. It’s true that she made a mistake but she hardly________ to lose her job.
A. requires B. deserves C. persevere D. guarantee
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她犯了错是真的，但错不至于丢掉工作。A. requires需要；B. deserves值得，应该；C. perserve保存；D. guarantee保证。根据前文的转折but可知，此处指“尽管她犯错了，但不应该因此丢掉工作”，故应用动词deserves，故选B。
41 You will run into ________ if you spend more than your income.
A. spot B. fame C. debt D. outline
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的消费超过你的收入，你就会陷入债务。A. spot地方；B. fame声誉；C. debt债；D. outline概述，轮廓。结合句中“spend more than your income”可知，花费超出了收入，自然就会陷入债务。故选C项。
42. —Why did you say that the other day
—It was just a casual ________. I didn’t mean anything by it.
A. remark B. contest C. concept D. intention
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你那天为什么这么说？——我只是随便说说而已。我没别的意思。A. remark言论，评述，话语；B. contest竞赛，比赛；C. concept概念，观念；D. intention意图，目的。根据“I didn’t mean anything by it.”可知，那只是随便说的一句话语，没有别的意思。
43. It took her a lot of ________ to walk up to the podium and deliver the presentation in front of hundreds of people.
A. nerve B. pace C. revelation D. relish
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她鼓起很大的勇气走上讲台，在数百人面前发表演讲。A. nerve勇气；胆量；B. pace步速；节奏；步伐；C. revelation揭示；揭露；D. relish享受；乐趣；调味品；风味佐料。根据“to walk up to the podium and deliver the presentation in front of hundreds of people.”可知，她鼓足了很大的勇气走上讲台做演讲。故选A。
44. My family’s kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life ______ living. It is also great to see something ______ of note during my walk through the woods.
A. worthy; worthy B. worth; worthy
C. worth; worthwhile D. worthwhile; worth
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：家人的善良、温柔和陪伴使我的生命值得活下去。在我穿过树林的时候看到一些值得注意的东西也很棒。A. worthy值得的；worthy值得的；B. worth值得的；worthy值得的；C. worth值得的；worthwhile值得的；D.worthwhile值得的；worth值得的。第一个设空处为形容词作宾语补足语，空后为living，固定短语worth doing“值得做……”。故第一空为worth；第二个设空处为形容词作后置定语，worthy of +n./being done意为“值得……”，worthy of note意为“值得做……”，第二空应填worthy。故选B。
45. She was ________ to receive the bouquet of flowers, which were simply ________ with their vibrant colors and sweet fragrance.
A. delighted; delighted B. delightful; delightful
C. delighted; delightful D. delightful; delighted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴收到那束花，它们鲜艳的颜色和甜美的香味简直令人愉快。delighted感到高兴的；愉快的；delightful令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的；可爱的。be delighted to do sth.很高兴做某事。第一空指收到花非常高兴；第二空指这些花令人愉快。故选C。
46. Under intense pressure, the old bridge finally ________, causing a huge traffic jam.
A. gave way B. went wild C. paid off D. stood still
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在巨大的压力下，这座老桥终于倒塌了，造成了巨大的交通堵塞。A. gave way倒塌；让路；屈服；B. went wild疯狂；发狂；C. paid off取得成功；还清债务；D. stood still站着不动；静止不动。根据“ causing a huge traffic jam.”可知，这座旧桥在巨大的压力下倒塌了。故选A。
47. Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game, our coach got us to ________ and ready to give our best shot in the second half.
A. hold up B. cheer up C. descend upon D. probe into
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然我们上半场踢得不够好，但教练让我们振作起来，准备在下半场发挥出最好的水平。A. hold up举起；B. cheer up(使)振作起来；C. descend upon涌入；D. probe into探究。根据“Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game,”和“and ready to give our best shot in the second half.”可知，教练让球队振作起来。故选B。
48. When the interviewer asked me about my future plans, I was ________ because I had no idea at all.
A. told off B. brought into focus C. put on the spot D. let down
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当面试官问我未来的计划时，我很尴尬，因为我完全不知道。A. told off斥责；数落；B. brought into focus成为焦点；受到关注；C. put on the spot处于难堪境地；使尴尬；D. let down使失望；辜负。根据“because I had no idea at all.”可知，因为回答不了面试官的问题而感到尴尬。故选C。
49. Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) , and he said lemons would ________.
A. come to life B. burst onto C. bring out D. do the trick
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：布莱恩医生建议杰里吃点酸的东西来刺激他的食欲，他说柠檬会有效果。A. come to life苏醒，活跃起来；B. burst onto突然出现；C. bring out出版，生产，使显示；D. do the trick奏效，起作用。根据“Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) ”可知，布莱恩医生说柠檬会起到刺激食欲的作用。故选D。
50. Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. them B. whom C. who D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐梦想。句中先行词为young people，指代人，在非限定性定语从句中作most of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。故选B。
51. It rained hard yesterday, ________ prevented me from going to the park.
A. when B. what C. that D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天雨下得很大，这让我无法去公园。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选D项。
52. Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is ________ her granny.
A. nursing; looking after B. nursing; look after
C. to nurse; to look after D. nursing; to look after
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是在医院里护理病人；但是这个周末她的任务是照顾她的奶奶。第一空，表示经常发生的一般性行为，应用动名词作表语；第二空根据上文this weekend可知，表示具体的、还未发生的动作，应用不定式作表语。故选D。
53. Jack told us that he regretted ________ more when he was younger.
A. to travel B. travel C. not traveling D. traveling
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：杰克告诉我们，他后悔年轻时没有多旅行。这里考查regret doing，动名词作宾语，而由句意并结合more可知，这里表示“后悔没有做”，所以应在动名词前加否定词not。故选C项。
54. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed
C. After being exposed D. Being exposed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。A. Exposed 暴露，揭露（expose的过去分词）; B. Having exposed; C. After being exposed 被曝光后; D. Being exposed 被暴露。分析句子可知，will do为谓语，设空处应为非谓语动词作主语。非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式作主语，而分词和介词短语不可以作主语，排除A、C项，另因exposed与one's skin之间为动宾关系，因此要用动名词的被动式being exposed。 故选D项。
55. We should remember that it is a waste of time ________ video games all day long.
A. plays B. to play C. playing D. play
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该记住，整天玩电子游戏是浪费时间。It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的，句型中It作形式主语，真正的主语为动名词。故选C。
第三节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Home cooks are wild about it. Chili crisp, a Chinese condiment (作料) that mixes chili peppers with oil and other elements, has become one of the food world’s top ____56____ (pick). But how did this essential condiment originate
Chilies weren’t originally from China. In fact, ____57____ is now considered a symbol of Chinese cuisine wasn’t introduced to the country until the 16th century, ____58____ an age of exploration and trade brought chilis to the mainland.
The earliest ____59____ (record) documentation of chilis in China dates back to 1591. According to Brian Dott, who ____60____ (pen) “The Chile Pepper in China: A Cultural Biography ”, the famous historical figure Gao Lian wasn’t “all that excited” about it, and he used the chili plant more ____61____ a decorative element. However, while the upper class of Chinese society admired chili plants for their beauty, ____62____ general public started consuming them. By 1765, local historians observed that in Hunan, chilis were used ____63____ (season) sauces, vinegar, and preserve vegetables.
Different from other spices, chili peppers were not initially farmed and traded as commodities (商品). Instead, they fell into the hands of skilled farmers ____64____ (accidental) . Over time, chili peppers have become integrated in Chinese cooking, and nowadays, their integration into every level of society has become _____65_____ (popular) than ever before.
【答案】56. picks
57. what 58. when
59. recorded
60. penned 61. as
62. the 63. to season
64. accidentally
65. more popular
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你从网上得知联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 将在你所在的城市举办“一带一路”茶文化交流活动，现正在城市范围内招募中学生志愿者。请你用英文给该组织负责人写一封申请信。内容包括：
1. 对活动的认识；
2. 个人优势。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your faithfully,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to apply as a volunteer for “the Belt and Road Initial” Tea Culture Exchange event to be organized by UNESCO in my hometown.
According to me, this event presents a unique opportunity to promote cultural exchange and understanding. It will serve as a platform for showcasing the rich and diverse tea cultures of different countries, fostering mutual respect and appreciation among participants.
I have a good understanding of the importance of tea culture and its significance in the history and traditions of our region. It has been several years since I was fascinated by the art of tea making and brewing. Moreover, my excellent communication skills and ability to work well with others will make me a valuable addition to the volunteer team.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Kathy’s family vacation to the beach was usually the highlight of her summer. This year, however, her parents announced a new rule: no phones for the entire week.
“But my friends will be expecting updates about the trip,” Kathy complained. Kathy’s mom gave her a serious look. Unwillingly, Kathy handed her phone over and her mom locked it away in her room.
The drive to the beach house took most of the day. As they turned off the highway onto country back roads, the clouds darkened. Rain started to pour. “Even more beautiful in the rain,” her mother said. “What do you think, Kathy ” Kathy glared at her mom. “Beautiful,” she muttered.
That night after dinner, Kathy wandered into the kitchen, where her father was washing dishes. She gave her father a loving look and said in her sweetest voice, “Couldn’t I have my phone back, just for one second Just so I can tell everyone what an amazing time I’m having ”
“Can’t,” he said. “It’s not here. Remember ” Kathy was very annoyed. Having nothing better to do, she examined the dusty bookcase in the living room. The books looked as dull as the weather. On the top shelf, however, she spotted a puzzle. She took it, emptied the pieces on the table, and began to sort them.
After what seemed like a few minutes, she looked up. It was past ten o’clock. She had been working for almost two hours! She yawned. The puzzle was less than half done, but she was exhausted. So, she went to bed.
When Kathy awoke the next morning, she jumped out of bed and threw open the curtains. A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean. The sky was cloudless. The scene reminded Kathy of a photo that her friend Betty had recently sent her.
This view was even better. It would leave everyone speechless. Kathy dashed to her bedside table and reached for her phone. But there was nothing there. She sighed. Still, she wandered in front of the window, admiring the sunrise.
After a quick breakfast, Kathy headed to the beach. Under no circumstances had Kathy expected the scenery to be so spectacular! With the sea wind blowing against her face, Kathy totally lost herself in the stunning views.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After half an hour’s leisure walk along the beach, Kathy returned to the house.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】After half an hour’s leisure walk along the beach, Kathy returned to the house. “How do I spend the rest of the day ” Kathy murmured to herself. Suddenly, the unfinished puzzle caught her attention. She felt a little excited and buried herself in it once again. Every time the shapes met, Kathy was overwhelmed with happiness. Soon, all that were left were a few gaps. She quickly put the remaining pieces into place. The puzzle was completed! Appreciating the finished puzzle, she realized she hadn’t thought of her cellphone for hours. Without the distractions from her cellphone, she found herself engaged in story sharing session with mom and daddy willingly.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
1. In PASS, students ________.
A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules
C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems
2. What can students do if a session is full
A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list.
C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list.
3. Students will be deregistered if ________.
A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively
C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row
B
My grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. She was sitting in the living room with other residents, half of them asleep. The room was clean and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television and the only other sounds were snoring (打呼噜). Grandma talked a lot about how much she missed her grandson but I hated going to visit her there and, to be honest, I couldn’t wait to get away myself.
So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary—combining an old people’s home with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities such as painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on. Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, but the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people having no contact with children, and more old people who feel lonely and useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. It’s a major problem in many societies.
That’s why intergenerational programmes, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful initiatives. Young people teaching IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Old people working as volunteer assistants in schools is another, perhaps reading with children who need extra attention.
The advantages are enormous. The children are happy because they get more individual attention. They also see illness and death and learn to accept them. The residents are happy because they feel useful and more interested in life. There will be less conflict in a community if older people can understand the youth, and vice versa.
Now we need to rediscover what “community” really means. Then perhaps getting old won’t be such a depressing prospect after all.
4. Why did the author hate going to the old people’s home
A. The old people’s home was lifeless.
B. He didn’t love his grandmother that much.
C. He didn’t want to disturb the sleeping people.
D. The staff were so helpful that he wasn’t needed.
5. Why does the author mention the newspaper story in paragraph 2
A. To present a possible solution.
B. To share his reading experience.
C To introduce the topic for discussion.
D. To add some background information.
6 What problem are many societies facing
A. Generation gap. B. Care for the eldly.
C. Support for children. D. Intergenerational contact.
7. What’s an advantage of bringing the old and the young together
A Children feel meaningful in life. B. The old will feel fulfilling in life.
C. Children learn more modern skills. D. The old can better understand aging.
C
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
8. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
9. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A. They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
10. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
11. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
D
A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong.
The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values.
The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern.
To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation.
“We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts.
12. Which will not follow a seasonal trend
A. Purity of tradition. B. Loyalty to one’s party.
C. Fairness among people. D. Respect for authority.
13. Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn
A. Changes in temperature. B. Increased holiday expenses.
C. Reduction in vegetable varieties D. New challenges from school and work.
14. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Moral values are steady. B. Moral principles are changeable.
C. Moral influences may be ignored. D. Moral changes can affect plan making.
15. What is the passage mainly about
A. Our morals change with the seasons. B. Anxiety rises when we feel threatened.
C. Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D. Individualizing values and binding values differ.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余。
Were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate in school life It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. ___16___Fortunately, understanding how to deal with it, and knowing what is distracting(使分心) you, can help.
Scientists have looked at what makes us distracted and found a number of ways to help us grown-ups stay in the zone. ___17___Research by Science Focus magazine found it helpful to seat yourself at a quiet coffee bar working on your laptop. It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removed a major distraction and helped us focus on the task at hand.
___18___ Psychologists are increasingly interested in our ability to get wholly absorbed in our work and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. According to their findings, making a task more visually demanding works a lot. Our brain may get the signal that the task takes up more processing power and leaves it nothing left to process distractions.
There are more practical tips to keep you focused. Make a reasonable list or timetable of the tasks you have to do. Find a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things. ___19___It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.
As adults, we are trying so hard to avoid being distracted. However, distraction isn’t all bad. If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. ___20___
A. Or chew some gum!
B. The tougher a task is, the better.
C. In this sense, distraction is vital for survival.
D. Another possible way is to keep your mind busy.
E. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life.
F. One of the most efficient solutions is to get rid of noise.
G. Students may always find themselves distracted from the lessons.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was born in the Netherlands and lived there until I was 30 years old. In the Dutch context, I was emotionally intelligent, and I ____21____ expect that this could be any different.
When at the University of Michigan, I joined a discussion on ____22____. I introduced myself in an understated (Dutch) way as “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor, to fit American ____23____ , added that I was one of the world’s experts on culture and emotion. In response, I looked down in ____24____ and said in a low voice that “expert” was a big word.
I lived in North Carolina and had new friends coming over for dinner. Conversations were lively that evening. When my guests left, they ____25____ me for dinner. My heart sank, because in the Netherlands, “thanking for dinner” means the relationship is ____26____ .
The Netherlands and the US do not have massively different ____27____ . But emotional interactions between individuals from these different cultures are not ____28____ . The professor meant to make me feel good, but instead made me ____29____ . My friends meant to show gratitude, but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead. Where did it go wrong in these interactions
I now think the answer is that we were interacting with different ______30______ in mind. In the US, it is important that people feel good about themselves: other people help you ______31______ and have self-esteem. You are an expert, and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner. ______32______ , in the Netherlands, it is important to make true. ______33______ with other people, and not to pretend you are better than anybody else. The daily dances of emotions are ______34______ : Americans dance to the music of making each other special, while Dutch dance to the music of true connection. And when you ______35______ them up, people start stepping on each other’s toes.
21. A. never B. rarely C. usually D. sometimes
22. A. manners B. emotions C. literature D. intelligence
23. A. policies B. procedures C. standards D. requirements
24. A. anger B. delight C. disappointment D. embarrassment
25. A. asked B. thanked C. praised D. blamed
26. A. distant B. insincere C. harmonious D. meaningful
27 A. origins B. cultures C. environment D. languages
28. A. complicated B. fluent C. interesting D. regular
29. A. annoyed B. anxious C. humble D. uncomfortable
30. A. methods B. purposes C. feelings D. expectations
31. A. stand out B. show off C. calm down D. cheer up
32. A. For instance B. Above all C. After all D. By contrast
33. A. promises B. contributions C. connections D. comparisons
34. A. different B. personal C. important D. widespread
35. A. build B. take C. pick D. mix
第二节(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
36. Many people tend to assume that ________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.
A. imitation B. imagination
C. innovation D. inspiration
37. Online learning platforms often lack the face-to-face ________ that traditional classrooms provide.
A. rejection B. cooperation C. amusement D. interaction
38. The employees felt very ________ when the company announced a bonus for their hard work throughout the year.
A. complicated B. appreciative C. intense D. embarrassed
39. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________, it is vital that we strive for the equality.
A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Despite D. Additionally
40. It’s true that she made a mistake but she hardly________ to lose her job.
A. requires B. deserves C. persevere D. guarantee
41. You will run into ________ if you spend more than your income.
A. spot B. fame C. debt D. outline
42. —Why did you say that the other day
—It was just a casual ________. I didn’t mean anything by it.
A. remark B. contest C. concept D. intention
43. It took her a lot of ________ to walk up to the podium and deliver the presentation in front of hundreds of people.
A. nerve B. pace C. revelation D. relish
44. My family’s kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life ______ living. It is also great to see something ______ of note during my walk through the woods.
A. worthy; worthy B. worth; worthy
C. worth; worthwhile D. worthwhile; worth
45. She was ________ to receive the bouquet of flowers, which were simply ________ with their vibrant colors and sweet fragrance.
A. delighted; delighted B. delightful; delightful
C. delighted; delightful D. delightful; delighted
46. Under intense pressure, the old bridge finally ________, causing a huge traffic jam.
A. gave way B. went wild C. paid off D. stood still
47. Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game, our coach got us to ________ and ready to give our best shot in the second half.
A. hold up B. cheer up C. descend upon D. probe into
48. When the interviewer asked me about my future plans, I was ________ because I had no idea at all.
A. told off B. brought into focus C. put on the spot D. let down
49. Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) , and he said lemons would ________.
A. come to life B. burst onto C. bring out D. do the trick
50. Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. them B. whom C. who D. that
51. It rained hard yesterday, ________ prevented me from going to the park.
A. when B. what C. that D. which
52. Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is ________ her granny.
A. nursing; looking after B. nursing; look after
C. to nurse; to look after D. nursing; to look after
53. Jack told us that he regretted ________ more when he was younger.
A. to travel B. travel C. not traveling D. traveling
54. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed
C. After being exposed D. Being exposed
55. We should remember that it is a waste of time ________ video games all day long.
A. plays B. to play C. playing D. play
第三节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Home cooks are wild about it. Chili crisp, a Chinese condiment (作料) that mixes chili peppers with oil and other elements, has become one of the food world’s top ____56____ (pick). But how did this essential condiment originate
Chilies weren’t originally from China. In fact, ____57____ is now considered a symbol of Chinese cuisine wasn’t introduced to the country until the 16th century, ____58____ an age of exploration and trade brought chilis to the mainland.
The earliest ____59____ (record) documentation of chilis in China dates back to 1591. According to Brian Dott, who ____60____ (pen) “The Chile Pepper in China: A Cultural Biography ”, the famous historical figure Gao Lian wasn’t “all that excited” about it, and he used the chili plant more ____61____ a decorative element. However, while the upper class of Chinese society admired chili plants for their beauty, ____62____ general public started consuming them. By 1765, local historians observed that in Hunan, chilis were used ____63____ (season) sauces, vinegar, and preserve vegetables.
Different from other spices, chili peppers were not initially farmed and traded as commodities (商品). Instead, they fell into the hands of skilled farmers ____64____ (accidental) . Over time, chili peppers have become integrated in Chinese cooking, and nowadays, their integration into every level of society has become _____65_____ (popular) than ever before.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你从网上得知联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 将在你所在的城市举办“一带一路”茶文化交流活动，现正在城市范围内招募中学生志愿者。请你用英文给该组织负责人写一封申请信。内容包括：
1. 对活动认识；
2. 个人优势。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Kathy’s family vacation to the beach was usually the highlight of her summer. This year, however, her parents announced a new rule: no phones for the entire week.
“But my friends will be expecting updates about the trip,” Kathy complained. Kathy’s mom gave her a serious look. Unwillingly, Kathy handed her phone over and her mom locked it away in her room.
The drive to the beach house took most of the day. As they turned off the highway onto country back roads, the clouds darkened. Rain started to pour. “Even more beautiful in the rain,” her mother said. “What do you think, Kathy ” Kathy glared at her mom. “Beautiful,” she muttered.
That night after dinner, Kathy wandered into the kitchen, where her father was washing dishes. She gave her father a loving look and said in her sweetest voice, “Couldn’t I have my phone back, just for one second Just so I can tell everyone what an amazing time I’m having ”
“Can’t,” he said. “It’s not here. Remember ” Kathy was very annoyed. Having nothing better to do, she examined the dusty bookcase in the living room. The books looked as dull as the weather. On the top shelf, however, she spotted a puzzle. She took it, emptied the pieces on the table, and began to sort them.
After what seemed like a few minutes, she looked up. It was past ten o’clock. She had been working for almost two hours! She yawned. The puzzle was less than half done, but she was exhausted. So, she went to bed.
When Kathy awoke the next morning, she jumped out of bed and threw open the curtains. A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean. The sky was cloudless. The scene reminded Kathy of a photo that her friend Betty had recently sent her.
This view was even better. It would leave everyone speechless. Kathy dashed to her bedside table and reached for her phone. But there was nothing there. She sighed. Still, she wandered in front of the window, admiring the sunrise.
After a quick breakfast, Kathy headed to the beach. Under no circumstances had Kathy expected the scenery to be so spectacular! With the sea wind blowing against her face, Kathy totally lost herself in the stunning views.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After half an hour’s leisure walk along the beach, Kathy returned to the house.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning programme available to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our business school.
PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what is covered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you if a place becomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells you where you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have a good chance of gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS office at passoffice@umbs. edu..
1. In PASS students ________.
A. attend new lectures B. decide their own schedules
C. prepare problem sets in groups D. use their skills to solve problems
2. What can students do if a session is full
A. Fill in the attendance sheet. B. Sign up for the waiting list.
C. Report their needs and feedback. D. Email the office their numbers on the list.
3. Students will be deregistered if ________.
A. they send emails in error B. they fail to work interactively
C. they give their places to others D. they miss two sessions in a row
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D
B
My grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. She was sitting in the living room with other residents, half of them asleep. The room was clean and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television and the only other sounds were snoring (打呼噜). Grandma talked a lot about how much she missed her grandson but I hated going to visit her there and, to be honest, I couldn’t wait to get away myself.
So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary—combining an old people’s home with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities such as painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on. Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, but the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people having no contact with children, and more old people who feel lonely and useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. It’s a major problem in many societies.
That’s why intergenerational programmes, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful initiatives. Young people teaching IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Old people working as volunteer assistants in schools is another, perhaps reading with children who need extra attention.
The advantages are enormous. The children are happy because they get more individual attention. They also see illness and death and learn to accept them. The residents are happy because they feel useful and more interested in life. There will be less conflict in a community if older people can understand the youth, and vice versa.
Now we need to rediscover what “community” really means. Then perhaps getting old won’t be such a depressing prospect after all.
4. Why did the author hate going to the old people’s home
A. The old people’s home was lifeless.
B. He didn’t love his grandmother that much.
C. He didn’t want to disturb the sleeping people.
D. The staff were so helpful that he wasn’t needed.
5. Why does the author mention the newspaper story in paragraph 2
A. To present a possible solution.
B. To share his reading experience.
C. To introduce the topic for discussion.
D. To add some background information.
6. What problem are many societies facing
A. Generation gap. B. Care for the eldly.
C. Support for children. D. Intergenerational contact.
7. What’s an advantage of bringing the old and the young together
A. Children feel meaningful in life. B. The old will feel fulfilling in life.
C. Children learn more modern skills. D. The old can better understand aging.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B
C
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate (阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
8. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument
A. Critical. B. Supportive. C. Tolerant. D. Uncertain.
9. Why do many people try to avoid arguments
A They lack debating skills. B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored. D. They are not confident in themselves.
10. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Defend. B. Explain. C. Conclude. D. Repeat.
11. What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author
A. Sense of logic. B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners. D. Understanding from both sides.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B 11. D
D
A team of researchers looked at a decade’s worth of responses to an online survey about morals and analyzed how these responses changed from one season to the next. Their findings suggest that, at a population level, people are less likely to endorse(赞成)more traditional moral values in summer and winter. The researchers relied on data from a website called YourMorals. org, which offers a “moral foundations questionnaire” where respondents can rate how strongly they agree or disagree that something is right or wrong.
The questions were based on moral foundations theory to explore why morality seems to follow similar patterns across populations from very different cultures. According to the theory, morality can be broken down into five foundational values care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity-and these belong to two groups: individualizing values and binding values.
The seasonal pattern in response was not evident for all types of values. For instance, individualizing values, focusing on the morality of individual rights, showed little variation over time and didn’t follow a seasonal trend. However, binding values values that prioritize the needs of one’s group, including loyalty, respect for authority, and purity of tradition--followed a biannual pattern.
To attempt to better understand the results, the researchers also looked at patterns in Google search results related to anxiety. What they found was that population-level patterns in anxiety also followed a seasonal cycle peaking in the spring and fall, which suggests a potential correlation(关联性). Spring and fall are often thought of as the most pleasant seasons, so an increase in anxiety during these times might seem unexpected. But it’s possible that increases in school and work - related changes during these times could play some role. They also suggest that anxiety might decrease in winter due to seasonal holidays, and in summer due to warmer weather and increased vegetation.
“We often think of moral values as these unchangeable principles that we hold close,” Professor Hohm says. But they’re actually subject to all kinds of influences that might pass us by unnoticed. Being aware of how that happens could help us better understand and plan for seasonal shifts.
12. Which will not follow a seasonal trend
A. Purity of tradition. B. Loyalty to one’s party.
C. Fairness among people. D. Respect for authority.
13. Why do people feel most anxious in spring and autumn
A. Changes in temperature. B. Increased holiday expenses.
C. Reduction in vegetable varieties D. New challenges from school and work.
14. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Moral values are steady. B. Moral principles are changeable.
C. Moral influences may be ignored. D. Moral changes can affect plan making.
15. What is the passage mainly about
A. Our morals change with the seasons. B. Anxiety rises when we feel threatened.
C. Seasons influence our minds and behaviors. D. Individualizing values and binding values differ.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. A
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项多余。
Were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate in school life It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. ___16___Fortunately, understanding how to deal with it, and knowing what is distracting(使分心) you, can help.
Scientists have looked at what makes us distracted and found a number of ways to help us grown-ups stay in the zone. ___17___Research by Science Focus magazine found it helpful to seat yourself at a quiet coffee bar working on your laptop. It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removed a major distraction and helped us focus on the task at hand.
___18___ Psychologists are increasingly interested in our ability to get wholly absorbed in our work and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. According to their findings, making a task more visually demanding works a lot. Our brain may get the signal that the task takes up more processing power and leaves it nothing left to process distractions.
There are more practical tips to keep you focused. Make a reasonable list or timetable of the tasks you have to do. Find a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things. ___19___It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.
As adults, we are trying so hard to avoid being distracted. However, distraction isn’t all bad. If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. ___20___
A. Or chew some gum!
B. The tougher a task is, the better.
C. In this sense, distraction is vital for survival.
D. Another possible way is to keep your mind busy.
E. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life.
F. One of the most efficient solutions is to get rid of noise.
G. Students may always find themselves distracted from the lessons.
【答案】16. E 17. F 18. D 19. A 20. C
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was born in the Netherlands and lived there until I was 30 years old. In the Dutch context, I was emotionally intelligent, and I ____21____ expect that this could be any different.
When at the University of Michigan, I joined a discussion on ____22____. I introduced myself in an understated (Dutch) way as “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor, to fit American ____23____ , added that I was one of the world’s experts on culture and emotion. In response, I looked down in ____24____ and said in a low voice that “expert” was a big word.
I lived in North Carolina and had new friends coming over for dinner. Conversations were lively that evening. When my guests left, they ____25____ me for dinner. My heart sank, because in the Netherlands, “thanking for dinner” means the relationship is ____26____ .
The Netherlands and the US do not have massively different ____27____ . But emotional interactions between individuals from these different cultures are not ____28____ . The professor meant to make me feel good, but instead made me ____29____ . My friends meant to show gratitude, but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead. Where did it go wrong in these interactions
I now think the answer is that we were interacting with different ______30______ in mind. In the US, it is important that people feel good about themselves: other people help you ______31______ and have self-esteem. You are an expert, and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner. ______32______ , in the Netherlands, it is important to make true. ______33______ with other people, and not to pretend you are better than anybody else. The daily dances of emotions are ______34______ : Americans dance to the music of making each other special, while Dutch dance to the music of true connection. And when you ______35______ them up, people start stepping on each other’s toes.
21. A. never B. rarely C. usually D. sometimes
22. A. manners B. emotions C. literature D. intelligence
23. A. policies B. procedures C. standards D. requirements
24. A. anger B. delight C. disappointment D. embarrassment
25. A. asked B. thanked C. praised D. blamed
26. A. distant B. insincere C. harmonious D. meaningful
27. A. origins B. cultures C. environment D. languages
28. A. complicated B. fluent C. interesting D. regular
29. A. annoyed B. anxious C. humble D. uncomfortable
30. A. methods B. purposes C. feelings D. expectations
31. A. stand out B. show off C. calm down D. cheer up
32. A. For instance B. Above all C. After all D. By contrast
33. A. promises B. contributions C. connections D. comparisons
34. A. different B. personal C. important D. widespread
35. A. build B. take C. pick D. mix
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D
第二节(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
36. Many people tend to assume that ________ just means creating something new, but actually it’s more than that—it’s an attitude of doing things.
A. imitation B. imagination
C. innovation D. inspiration
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人倾向认为革新意味着创造新的东西，但实际上它不仅仅如此，它是一种做事的态度。A. imitation仿制品，赝品；B. imagination想象；C. innovation革新，变革；D. inspiration灵感。根据后文means creating something new可知，是“创新”，故选C。
37. Online learning platforms often lack the face-to-face ________ that traditional classrooms provide.
A. rejection B. cooperation C. amusement D. interaction
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在线学习平台往往缺乏传统课堂所提供的面对面互动。A. rejection拒绝；驳回；否决；B. cooperation合作；协作；配合；C. amusement娱乐；消遣；乐趣；D. interaction互动；交流；相互作用。根据“that traditional classrooms provide.”可知，与传统课堂相比较，在线学习平台缺乏面对面的互动。故选D。
38. The employees felt very ________ when the company announced a bonus for their hard work throughout the year.
A. complicated B. appreciative C. intense D. embarrassed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当公司宣布给员工发奖金以奖励他们一年来的辛勤工作时，他们感到非常感激。A. complicated复杂的；B. appreciative感激的；C. intense强烈的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“when the company announced a bonus for their hard work throughout the year”可知，员工对于奖励应是感到感激，故选B。
39. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________, it is vital that we strive for the equality.
A. Moreover B. Nevertheless C. Despite D. Additionally
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查副词和介词辨析。句意：我们成功改变法律的可能性很小。然而，争取平等是至关重要的。A. Moreover此外（副词），表示递进关系；B. Nevertheless然而（副词），表示转折关系；C. Despite尽管（介词），表示让步关系；D. Additionally此外（副词），表示递进关系。空后有逗号和句子分开，空处应用副词，空前表示成功改变法律的可能性很小，空后表示仍应争取平等，前后是转折的关系，应用Nevertheless来衔接。故选B。
40. It’s true that she made a mistake but she hardly________ to lose her job.
A. requires B. deserves C. persevere D. guarantee
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她犯了错是真的，但错不至于丢掉工作。A. requires需要；B. deserves值得，应该；C. perserve保存；D. guarantee保证。根据前文的转折but可知，此处指“尽管她犯错了，但不应该因此丢掉工作”，故应用动词deserves，故选B。
41 You will run into ________ if you spend more than your income.
A. spot B. fame C. debt D. outline
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的消费超过你的收入，你就会陷入债务。A. spot地方；B. fame声誉；C. debt债；D. outline概述，轮廓。结合句中“spend more than your income”可知，花费超出了收入，自然就会陷入债务。故选C项。
42. —Why did you say that the other day
—It was just a casual ________. I didn’t mean anything by it.
A. remark B. contest C. concept D. intention
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你那天为什么这么说？——我只是随便说说而已。我没别的意思。A. remark言论，评述，话语；B. contest竞赛，比赛；C. concept概念，观念；D. intention意图，目的。根据“I didn’t mean anything by it.”可知，那只是随便说的一句话语，没有别的意思。
43. It took her a lot of ________ to walk up to the podium and deliver the presentation in front of hundreds of people.
A. nerve B. pace C. revelation D. relish
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她鼓起很大的勇气走上讲台，在数百人面前发表演讲。A. nerve勇气；胆量；B. pace步速；节奏；步伐；C. revelation揭示；揭露；D. relish享受；乐趣；调味品；风味佐料。根据“to walk up to the podium and deliver the presentation in front of hundreds of people.”可知，她鼓足了很大的勇气走上讲台做演讲。故选A。
44. My family’s kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life ______ living. It is also great to see something ______ of note during my walk through the woods.
A. worthy; worthy B. worth; worthy
C. worth; worthwhile D. worthwhile; worth
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：家人的善良、温柔和陪伴使我的生命值得活下去。在我穿过树林的时候看到一些值得注意的东西也很棒。A. worthy值得的；worthy值得的；B. worth值得的；worthy值得的；C. worth值得的；worthwhile值得的；D.worthwhile值得的；worth值得的。第一个设空处为形容词作宾语补足语，空后为living，固定短语worth doing“值得做……”。故第一空为worth；第二个设空处为形容词作后置定语，worthy of +n./being done意为“值得……”，worthy of note意为“值得做……”，第二空应填worthy。故选B。
45. She was ________ to receive the bouquet of flowers, which were simply ________ with their vibrant colors and sweet fragrance.
A. delighted; delighted B. delightful; delightful
C. delighted; delightful D. delightful; delighted
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴收到那束花，它们鲜艳的颜色和甜美的香味简直令人愉快。delighted感到高兴的；愉快的；delightful令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的；可爱的。be delighted to do sth.很高兴做某事。第一空指收到花非常高兴；第二空指这些花令人愉快。故选C。
46. Under intense pressure, the old bridge finally ________, causing a huge traffic jam.
A. gave way B. went wild C. paid off D. stood still
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在巨大的压力下，这座老桥终于倒塌了，造成了巨大的交通堵塞。A. gave way倒塌；让路；屈服；B. went wild疯狂；发狂；C. paid off取得成功；还清债务；D. stood still站着不动；静止不动。根据“ causing a huge traffic jam.”可知，这座旧桥在巨大的压力下倒塌了。故选A。
47. Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game, our coach got us to ________ and ready to give our best shot in the second half.
A. hold up B. cheer up C. descend upon D. probe into
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：虽然我们上半场踢得不够好，但教练让我们振作起来，准备在下半场发挥出最好的水平。A. hold up举起；B. cheer up(使)振作起来；C. descend upon涌入；D. probe into探究。根据“Although we didn’t do well enough in the first half of the game,”和“and ready to give our best shot in the second half.”可知，教练让球队振作起来。故选B。
48. When the interviewer asked me about my future plans, I was ________ because I had no idea at all.
A. told off B. brought into focus C. put on the spot D. let down
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当面试官问我未来的计划时，我很尴尬，因为我完全不知道。A. told off斥责；数落；B. brought into focus成为焦点；受到关注；C. put on the spot处于难堪境地；使尴尬；D. let down使失望；辜负。根据“because I had no idea at all.”可知，因为回答不了面试官的问题而感到尴尬。故选C。
49. Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) , and he said lemons would ________.
A. come to life B. burst onto C. bring out D. do the trick
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：布莱恩医生建议杰里吃点酸的东西来刺激他的食欲，他说柠檬会有效果。A. come to life苏醒，活跃起来；B. burst onto突然出现；C. bring out出版，生产，使显示；D. do the trick奏效，起作用。根据“Dr. Brian advised Jerry to eat something sour to stimulate his appetite (食欲) ”可知，布莱恩医生说柠檬会起到刺激食欲的作用。故选D。
50. Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. them B. whom C. who D. that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐梦想。句中先行词为young people，指代人，在非限定性定语从句中作most of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。故选B。
51. It rained hard yesterday, ________ prevented me from going to the park.
A. when B. what C. that D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天雨下得很大，这让我无法去公园。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选D项。
52. Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is ________ her granny.
A. nursing; looking after B. nursing; look after
C. to nurse; to look after D. nursing; to look after
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是在医院里护理病人；但是这个周末她的任务是照顾她的奶奶。第一空，表示经常发生的一般性行为，应用动名词作表语；第二空根据上文this weekend可知，表示具体的、还未发生的动作，应用不定式作表语。故选D。
53. Jack told us that he regretted ________ more when he was younger.
A. to travel B. travel C. not traveling D. traveling
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：杰克告诉我们，他后悔年轻时没有多旅行。这里考查regret doing，动名词作宾语，而由句意并结合more可知，这里表示“后悔没有做”，所以应在动名词前加否定词not。故选C项。
54. _______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed
C. After being exposed D. Being exposed
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。A. Exposed 暴露，揭露（expose的过去分词）; B. Having exposed; C. After being exposed 被曝光后; D. Being exposed 被暴露。分析句子可知，will do为谓语，设空处应为非谓语动词作主语。非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式作主语，而分词和介词短语不可以作主语，排除A、C项，另因exposed与one's skin之间为动宾关系，因此要用动名词的被动式being exposed。 故选D项。
55. We should remember that it is a waste of time ________ video games all day long.
A. plays B. to play C. playing D. play
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该记住，整天玩电子游戏是浪费时间。It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的，句型中It作形式主语，真正的主语为动名词。故选C。
第三节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Home cooks are wild about it. Chili crisp, a Chinese condiment (作料) that mixes chili peppers with oil and other elements, has become one of the food world’s top ____56____ (pick). But how did this essential condiment originate
Chilies weren’t originally from China. In fact, ____57____ is now considered a symbol of Chinese cuisine wasn’t introduced to the country until the 16th century, ____58____ an age of exploration and trade brought chilis to the mainland.
The earliest ____59____ (record) documentation of chilis in China dates back to 1591. According to Brian Dott, who ____60____ (pen) “The Chile Pepper in China: A Cultural Biography ”, the famous historical figure Gao Lian wasn’t “all that excited” about it, and he used the chili plant more ____61____ a decorative element. However, while the upper class of Chinese society admired chili plants for their beauty, ____62____ general public started consuming them. By 1765, local historians observed that in Hunan, chilis were used ____63____ (season) sauces, vinegar, and preserve vegetables.
Different from other spices, chili peppers were not initially farmed and traded as commodities (商品). Instead, they fell into the hands of skilled farmers ____64____ (accidental) . Over time, chili peppers have become integrated in Chinese cooking, and nowadays, their integration into every level of society has become _____65_____ (popular) than ever before.
【答案】56. picks
57. what 58. when
59. recorded
60. penned 61. as
62. the 63. to season
64. accidentally
65. more popular
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你从网上得知联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 将在你所在的城市举办“一带一路”茶文化交流活动，现正在城市范围内招募中学生志愿者。请你用英文给该组织负责人写一封申请信。内容包括：
1. 对活动的认识；
2. 个人优势。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Sir or Madam,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Your faithfully,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to apply as a volunteer for “the Belt and Road Initial” Tea Culture Exchange event to be organized by UNESCO in my hometown.
According to me, this event presents a unique opportunity to promote cultural exchange and understanding. It will serve as a platform for showcasing the rich and diverse tea cultures of different countries, fostering mutual respect and appreciation among participants.
I have a good understanding of the importance of tea culture and its significance in the history and traditions of our region. It has been several years since I was fascinated by the art of tea making and brewing. Moreover, my excellent communication skills and ability to work well with others will make me a valuable addition to the volunteer team.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Kathy’s family vacation to the beach was usually the highlight of her summer. This year, however, her parents announced a new rule: no phones for the entire week.
“But my friends will be expecting updates about the trip,” Kathy complained. Kathy’s mom gave her a serious look. Unwillingly, Kathy handed her phone over and her mom locked it away in her room.
The drive to the beach house took most of the day. As they turned off the highway onto country back roads, the clouds darkened. Rain started to pour. “Even more beautiful in the rain,” her mother said. “What do you think, Kathy ” Kathy glared at her mom. “Beautiful,” she muttered.
That night after dinner, Kathy wandered into the kitchen, where her father was washing dishes. She gave her father a loving look and said in her sweetest voice, “Couldn’t I have my phone back, just for one second Just so I can tell everyone what an amazing time I’m having ”
“Can’t,” he said. “It’s not here. Remember ” Kathy was very annoyed. Having nothing better to do, she examined the dusty bookcase in the living room. The books looked as dull as the weather. On the top shelf, however, she spotted a puzzle. She took it, emptied the pieces on the table, and began to sort them.
After what seemed like a few minutes, she looked up. It was past ten o’clock. She had been working for almost two hours! She yawned. The puzzle was less than half done, but she was exhausted. So, she went to bed.
When Kathy awoke the next morning, she jumped out of bed and threw open the curtains. A blazing sun was rising over the blue ocean. The sky was cloudless. The scene reminded Kathy of a photo that her friend Betty had recently sent her.
This view was even better. It would leave everyone speechless. Kathy dashed to her bedside table and reached for her phone. But there was nothing there. She sighed. Still, she wandered in front of the window, admiring the sunrise.
After a quick breakfast, Kathy headed to the beach. Under no circumstances had Kathy expected the scenery to be so spectacular! With the sea wind blowing against her face, Kathy totally lost herself in the stunning views.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After half an hour’s leisure walk along the beach, Kathy returned to the house.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】After half an hour’s leisure walk along the beach, Kathy returned to the house. “How do I spend the rest of the day ” Kathy murmured to herself. Suddenly, the unfinished puzzle caught her attention. She felt a little excited and buried herself in it once again. Every time the shapes met, Kathy was overwhelmed with happiness. Soon, all that were left were a few gaps. She quickly put the remaining pieces into place. The puzzle was completed! Appreciating the finished puzzle, she realized she hadn’t thought of her cellphone for hours. Without the distractions from her cellphone, she found herself engaged in story sharing session with mom and daddy willingly.
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