人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working the land 语境感知词汇+词汇变型+高考练习+写作运用（含答案）

一、词性转换
__________ v. 把…用于;献身;致力;专心 →__________ n奉献；忠诚；专心 →__________ adj
忠诚的
__________ n. 不足；缺少；短缺 → short adj. 短的 →__________：v. 缩短
boost v./ n. ___________ →近义： enhance；elevate；stimulate
___________ v 使信服 → ___________ adj. 确信的，深信的 → ___________ adj.令人信服
的，有说服力的
5. character n. ①___________ ②___________ ③ ___________ → ___________ ① n. 特征;特点;品质② adj. 典型的;独特的
6.conventional adj. ___________→ convention n. 习俗；集会；公约，协定；（文学、艺术上的）传统手法，传统风
7. ___________ n.假定；承担；获得 → assume v.假定；设想；承担；假装
8. overcome v. 克服；解决；战胜（___________ ；___________） → 近义词：defeat；surmount
9. output n/v ___________ （output ；output）→ input n. 投入，输进
10. intense adj. ___________ → intensity n. ___________
11. attain v. （通常经过努力）___________ → attainable：adj. ___________
12. estimate v. /n.___________ → ___________ n. → ___________ v/ n 高估
13.___________ v. 解决；应付（局面）；处理 →同义：handle；address短语：deal with =cope with 处理；应付
14. generate v. ___________ → generation n ___________ →generator n ___________
15. vision n. ___________ →___________ adj. 视觉的；视力的
16. ___________adj. 含盐的；咸的 → salt n. 盐
17. expand v___________ → ___________ n
18. domestic adj.___________ → ___________adv.
19. ___________ n → consume v___________ →___________消费者
20. contain v___________ →container ___________
21. __________n现实；实际情况；事实 →real adj真的；真实的→really adv真实地；事实上非
22. urban adj.___________ →suburban adj.___________ →rural adj.___________
23. extension n. ___________ → ___________ vt.
24. chemical adj.___________ n.__________ →chemistry n.__________→ chemist n __________
25. nutritional adj.营养(物)的 → nutrition n.___________ → ___________ adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 → nutrient n ___________ → nutritionist n___________
26. bacterium n. → pl. ___________ 细菌→datum - data数据 →medium - media媒介
27. alleviate vt. ___________ →同义：ease、relieve、lessen
28. mineral n. ___________ →mine ①pron 我的② n __________③v__________→ miner n矿工
29. grocery n. ___________ → store/shop n商店 →supermarket n大型超市
30. widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的；广泛的
31. digest v ①___________ ②___________ n ___________ → digestion n 消化；领悟 → digestible adj 易消化的；可理解的
32. essential ①adj.___________ ②n.___________ →essentially adv 本质上；基本上
33. alternative ①n.___________ ②adj.___________ →alternatively adv ___________
34. ___________ n.根;根茎;根部;根源v （使）生根 →___________adj 根深蒂固的
35. organic adj. ___________ → organ n. 器官；机构；管风琴
36. pesticide n. ___________ →pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟
37. ___________ n. 贫穷；贫困；联想 →poor adj.贫穷的；贫寒的
38. ___________ n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度) → deep adj. 深的；→___________ v.(使)变深；加深
39. ___________ adv. → entire adj. ___________
二、单句语法填空
1. (2024全国甲卷)Born just before WWⅡ， my grandmother experienced an __________(entire)
different childhood lifestyle from mine.
2. (2024浙江1月高考卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the criticism that they lead to waste. __________(consume) prefer money off individual items.
3. (2022全国乙卷)At present it is expected __________(generate) ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
4. (2021浙江卷)Leslie Nielsen's __________(devote) to acting is wonderfully inspiring.
5. (2019浙江6月高考卷)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water __________(short)．
6. (2019北京卷)At this year's I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a __________(convince) human-sounding voice.
7. (2018全国Ⅱ卷)These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of __________(nutrition) protection.
8. (2017全国Ⅱ卷)These __________(chemical) come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm us.
9.The newly-published policy aims at _________(boost) farmers’ income, thus improving their living conditions.
10. Johnson’s _________ speech won him a wide faithful audience and I was also _________ of his opinions.(convince)
11.Now, the country is still recovering from one of the worst economic __________(crisis).
三、 根据汉语意思完成句子
1.It’s extremely crucial for everyone to _________________________________________. (devote)
在健康和健身上投入一些时间对每个人都是极其重要的。（2022 北京）
2.____________ the Terracotta Army in Xi'an is an extraordinary wonder, which surpasses time and culture, I am writing to recommend it to you. (convince; 非谓语作状语)
我深信西安的兵马俑是超越时间和文化的非凡奇迹，所以我写信向你推荐它。
3. ______________________I am elected to be chairman of the Student Union，I will
organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life. （assume; 非谓语作状语)
假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。
For most students, _____________ by reading extracurricular books extensively is a wise option.
（expand； V-ing 作主语）
通过多读课外书来扩展知识对大部分学生来说都是明智的选择。
_____________________ emotion, she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes.（overcome; 非谓语作状语)
她情绪激动，有几分钟说不出话来。
四、语境记单词(写出黑体并画下划线部分的汉语意思)
In most southeastern Asian countries such as Vietnam and Thailand, rice is the most widespread grain. China is the first country to grow rice. Chinese people have devoted themselves to boosting this essential crop for centuries. Some celebrities have also shown interest in promoting agricultural development. The yield of rice in China is remarkable.
To feed the large population, Chinese people work together to make sure that rice is grown well. In urban areas as well, people are aware of the importance of food security. For instance, in order to tackle the crisis of being unable to grow rice due to water shortage, our government calls on citizens to reduce water consumption. They also carry out artificial rainfalls in which a special device is sent into the sky and explodes like a bomb. Then the chemicals inside help generate rain from clouds. As for our scientists, they research on characteristics of various rice grains to develop some excellent ones. Among them, some may have high outputs, some may be rich in nutrition and minerals, and some may even be grown in salty soil. Additionally, scientists are also exploring alternative methods to increase rice production. The intense efforts of researchers are aimed at attaining better results.
With people's efforts expanded to more aspects, lots of difficulties in farming have been overcome and some visions have been turned into reality. We are convinced that rice can be extended to more countries in the world. In closing, that we can grow rice in deserts is no longer an assumption. Organic farming methods are also being considered to improve the quality of rice. The nutritional value of rice is essential for alleviating poverty as it provides a staple food source. The root of successful rice cultivation lies in the combined efforts of farmers, scientists, and the government. We need to analyze the situation in depth and consider all aspects of rice production. Although wheat is also an important grain, rice holds a special place in many cultures. Some varieties of rice have unique flavours and nutritional benefits. Rice is entirely digestible and provides essential energy.
There is still a long way for us to go in expanding the production and reach of rice
答案：
词性转换
1.devote. v. 把…用于;献身;致力;专心 →devotion n奉献；忠诚；专心 →devoted adj 忠诚的
2.shortage：n. 不足；缺少；短缺 → short adj. 短的 →shorten：v. 缩短
3.boost v. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 →近义： enhance；elevate；stimulate
4.convince v 使信服 → convinced adj. 确信的，深信的 → convincing adj.令人信服的，有说
服力的
5. character n. ①特点，特色 ②文字 ③ 人物;角色 → characteristic ① n. 特征;特点;品质② adj. 典型的;独特的
6.conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 → convention n. 习俗；集会；公约，协定；（文学、艺术上的）传统手法，传统风
7. assumption n.假定；承担；获得 → assume v.假定；设想；承担；假装
8. overcome v. 克服；解决；战胜（overcame ；overcome） → 近义词：defeat；surmount
9. output n. 产量；输出；输出量 v. 输出 （output ；output）→ input n. 投入，输进
10. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 → intensity n. 强烈；强度
11. attain v. （通常经过努力）获得；得到 → attainable：adj. 可达到的；可获得的
12. estimate v. /n.估计；估价；估算 → estimation n. 评价；估计 → overestimate v/ n 高估
13.tackle v. 解决；应付（局面）；处理 →同义：handle；address短语：deal with =cope with 处理；应付
14. generate v. 产生；引起 → generation n 产生；代 →generator n 发电机
15. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 → visual adj. 视觉的；视力的
16. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 → salt n. 盐
17. expand v扩大；增加；扩展；发展（业务）→ expansion n扩展；膨胀
18. domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 → domestically adv. 本国地；国内地
19. consumption n消耗；消耗量；消费 → consume v消费；消耗 →consumer消费者
20. contain v包括；包含；由……组成 →container n容器
21. reality n现实；实际情况；事实 →real adj真的；真实的→really adv真实地；事实上非
22. urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的 →suburban adj.郊区的;市郊的 →rural adj.乡村的;农村的。
23. extension n. 延伸;扩大; 电话分机 → extend vt.使伸长,延长
24. chemical adj.与化学有关的 n.化学制品;化学品 →chemistry n.化学→ chemist n 化学家
25. nutritional adj.营养(物)的 → nutrition n.营养;滋养 → nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 → nutrient n 营养物质 → nutritionist n营养学家
26. bacterium n. → (pl. bacteria) 细菌→datum - data数据 →medium - media媒介
27. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 →同义：ease、relieve、lessen
28. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质 →mine ①pron 我的② n 矿井；矿③v开矿，采矿→ miner n矿工
29. grocery n. 食品杂货店；食品杂货 → store/shop n商店 →supermarket n大型超市
30. widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的；广泛的
31. digest v ①消化 ②领会;领悟n 摘要；概要；文摘 → digestion n 消化；领悟 → digestible adj 易消化的；可理解的
32. essential ①adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 ②n.必需品 →essentially adv 本质上；基本上
33. alternative ①n.可供选择的事物 ②adj.可供替代的;非传统的 →alternatively adv 本质上;基本上二者择一地;或者
34. root n.根;根茎;根部;根源v （使）生根 → rooted adj 根深蒂固的
35. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 → organ n. 器官；机构；管风琴
36. pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 →pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟
37. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 →poor adj.贫穷的；贫寒的
38. depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度) → deep adj. 深的；→deepen v.(使)变深；加深
39. entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地 → entire adj. 完全的;全部的二、单句语法填空
二、单句语法填空
1. entirely 2.Consumers 3. to generate 4.devotion 5.shortage 6.convincing
7.nutritional 8.chemicals 9. boosting 10.convincing；convinced 11. crises
三、高级句式表达
1. It’s extremely crucial for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.
2. Deeply convinced that the Terracotta Army in Xi'an is an extraordinary wonder, which surpasses time and culture, I am writing to recommend it to you.
3.Assuming (that) I am elected to be chairman of the Student Union，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life.
4.For most students, expanding knowledge by reading extracurricular books extensively is a wise option.
5.Overcome with emotion, she found herself unable to speak for a few minutes.
四、语境记单词(写出黑体并画下划线部分的汉语意思)
在大多数东南亚国家，如越南和泰国，大米是最广泛种植的谷物。中国是第一个种植水稻的国家。几个世纪以来，中国人民一直致力于促进这种重要作物的发展。一些名人也对促进农业发展表现出了兴趣。中国的水稻产量非常可观。
为了养活庞大的人口，中国人民共同努力确保水稻种植良好。在城市地区，人们也意识到粮食安全的重要性。例如，为了解决因缺水而无法种植水稻的危机，我们的政府呼吁市民减少用水。他们还进行人工降雨，将一种特殊装置发射到天空中，像炸弹一样爆炸。然后里面的化学物质帮助从云中产生雨水。至于我们的科学家，他们研究各种水稻的特性以开发出一些优良品种。其中，有些可能产量高，有些可能富含营养和矿物质，有些甚至可以在盐碱地种植。此外，科学家们也在探索增加水稻产量的替代方法。研究人员的不懈努力旨在取得更好的结果。
随着人们的努力扩展到更多方面，农业中的许多困难已经被克服，一些愿景也变成了现实。我们相信水稻可以推广到世界上更多的国家。最后，我们能在沙漠中种植水稻不再是一种假设。有机农业方法也正在被考虑以提高水稻的质量。水稻的营养价值对于减轻贫困至关重要，因为它提供了一种主要的食物来源。水稻种植成功的根源在于农民、科学家和政府的共同努力。我们需要深入分析情况并考虑水稻生产的各个方面。虽然小麦也是一种重要的谷物，但水稻在许多文化中占有特殊地位。一些水稻品种具有独特的风味和营养价值。水稻完全可消化并提供必要的能量。
在扩大水稻的生产和覆盖范围方面，我们还有很长的路要走。