广东省深圳市南山区2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（含答案）
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| 名称 | 广东省深圳市南山区2024-2025学年高二上学期期中考试英语试卷（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 53.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-11 10:54:08 | ||
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2024～2025学年度第一学期期中考试
高二 英语
本试卷满分130分， 考试用时120分钟
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2,作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
第一部分 基础知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On the last evening of the academic year, students often stay up late into the night, ________ they can relax and chat with friends.
A．which B．when C．where D．Who
2. ____________music requires creativity and skill, which is not just about following rules.
A．To compose B．Composing C．Composed D．Compose
3. During the meeting, please remain __________until the speaker has finished.
A．seated B．seating C．to seat D．seat
4. Her lack of preparation resulted in________during the presentation.
A．fail B．having failed C．failed D．failing
5. My neighbor always plays loud music late into the night, _________ I find annoying.
A． that B. which C. who D. whom
6. As a child, my only life goal was________ a famous dancer.
A．to become B．becoming C．to have become D．becomes
7. Walking through the museum, I noticed a gallery, on _________ walls displayed ancient artifacts.
A． whose B. its C. which D. that
8. Realizing my mistake, I started to feel _____ by my lack of understanding of common sense.
A. appreciative B. enthusiastic C. embarrassed D. worthwhile
9. He __________ the judges with an _________performance at the talent show.
A． impressed, impressive B． entertained, entertainment
C．advertised, advertising D．impressed, impressing
10. A thorough _________ of the two proposals revealed significant differences.
A．trend B． blessing C． motion D． contrast
11. It’s important to have your car _________ regularly for safety.
A．examined B． employed C． informed D． concluded
12. The project’s delay was within expectation, but it’s still disappointing __________.
A． rarely B．overnight C． nevertheless D．merely
13. In the boxing match, John gave his all and finally knocked down his strong ________.
A．spiker B．opponent C．contest D．audience
14. Her speaking was soft, but every sentence was _________so everyone could follow along easily.
A．abstract B．innovative C．distinct D．intense
15. The _________issue of chance and of challenge are closely related.
A．remarkable B．steely C．essential D．philosophical
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Paris 2024 Olympic Games boasts a diverse range of sporting events, among which innovative additions are sure to captivate audiences worldwide.
Breakdance
Description: Breakdance, AKA breaking or B-boying, is an urban dance style that combines acrobatic moves, complex footwork, and a distinctive DJ and MC presence.
Events: Men’s and Women’s singles, with 16 athletes each competing in 1VS1 battles.
Key Elements: Athletes perform combinations of moves such as the 6- step, and freezes, judged on execution, creativity, and style.
Skateboarding
Description: A street-inspired sport where male and female athletes perform a variety of tricks on skateboards, featuring two venues: Park and Street.
Events: Park (a concave course with curves and ramps) and Street (a straight course with stairs, rails, and other obstacles mimicking (模拟) urban environments), awarding four gold medals.
Key Elements: Tricks, and Grabs are judged on execution, creativity, and flow.
Sport Climbing
Description: Sport Climbing is a modern sport that requires athletes to navigate various heights and angles of artificial rock walls, performing moves like turns, pull-ups, jumps, and more.
Events: Bouldering, Lead Climbing, and Speed Climbing, with men’s and women’s events in Speed and Combined.
Key Elements: Athletes are judged on speed, accuracy, and power in Speed Climbing, and on route completion, difficulty, and style in Bouldering and Lead Climbing.
Surfing
Description: Surfing involves riding waves using a surfboard, showcasing athletes’ skill, balance, and courage in the sea.
Events: Men’s and Women’s Shortboard events, where athletes perform technical maneuvers on waves.
Key Elements: Judges evaluate athletes based on the difficulty, variety, and execution of their maneuvers, as well as their speed and fluidity.
The Paris 2024 Olympic Games offer innovative new additions with unique twists, which promise to deliver a thrilling and memorable experience. And return to home page to find more about Unique Aspects of Traditional Sports.
16. What can be learned about Breakdance
A. Athletes need to perform with high speed.
B. The game is popular both in cities and rural areas.
C. Men and women can battle 1VS1 in the same game.
D. Athletes who perform creatively may get high scores.
17. What do the four sporting events have in common
A. They are all performed outdoors.
B. Their venues must meet strict requirements.
C. They give fair opportunities to men and women.
D. They are all easily influenced by bad weather.
18. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A poster. B. A website. C. A brochure. D. A magazine.
B
Tech businessman Jared Isaacman, who made a fortune in tech and fighter jets, bought an entire flight and took three “everyday” people with him to space. He aimed to use the private trip to raise $200 million for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, half coming from his own pocket.
His crew included a St. Jude worker with direct ties to the activity, representing the activity’s pillar (核心) of Hope, a professor, and another person, representing the pillar of Generosity, chosen as part of a $200 million St. Jude fundraising program. All were invited to join in donating to reach the ambitious overall campaign goal in support of St. Jude’s current multi-billion dollar expansion to speed up research advances and save more children worldwide. Anyone donating to St. Jude would be entered into a random drawing for the “Generosity” seat.
Isaacman has been “really interested in space” since he was in kindergarten. He dropped out of high school when he was 16, got a GED certificate and started a business in his parents’ basement that became the beginning of Shift4 Payments, a credit card processing company. He set a speed record flying around the world in 2009 while raising money for the Make-A-Wish program, and later established Draken International, the world’s largest private fleet (舰队) of fighter jets.
Now he has realized his childhood dream-boarding a spaceship, launched in Florida and orbiting the Earth for three days in the history-making event. He called it an “epic (史诗般的) adventure”. “I truly want us to live in a world 50 or 100 years from now where people are jumping their rockets,” Isaacman said. “And if we’re going to live in that world, we’d better deal with childhood cancer successfully along the way.”
19. Why did Isaacman raise funds for St. Jude
A. To expand a fundraising programme. B. To perform an act of great generosity.
C. To make his childhood dream come true. D. To encourage St. Jude’s life-saving work.
20. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
A. The commercial skills of Isaacman. B. The growth experience of Isaacman.
C. The reason for Isaacman’s good deeds. D. The beginning of Isaacman’s business.
21. What can be learned about the “epic adventure”
A. It was a multi-day journey. B. It will be common in the future.
C. It involved three civilians in total. D. It is a symbol of hope for a better life.
22. What message is conveyed in Isaacman’s story
A. No sweet without sweat. B. Many hands make light work.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. D. A penny saved is a penny earned.
C
Two researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Alex Robel and Shi Joyce Sim, have worked on a new model for how water moves under glaciers (冰川). The new theory shows that up to twice the amount of under-glacier water that was originally predicted might be flowing into the ocean — potentially increasing glacial melting (融化), sea level rise, and so on.
While there are pre-existing methods to understand under-glacier flow, these techniques involve time-consuming computations. Robel and Sim developed a simple solution, which can predict how fast exfiltration (渗漏) is, using satellite measurements of Antarctica from the last two decades. Robel explains, “Previously, people would run a model, which would have to be applied at every point under Antarctica, and then run forward over a long time period. Now the entirety of our prediction can be done in a second on a computer.”
The potentially large source of under-glacier water — possibly up to double the amount previously thought — could be affecting how quickly glacial ice flows and how quickly the ice melts at its base. Robel and Sim hope that the predictions made possible by this theory can be included into ice sheet models that scientists use to predict future ice sheet change and sea level rise.
Beyond sea level rise, this additional exfiltration and melting has other possible future effects. Some of the places of richest ocean productivity in the world occur off the coast of Antarctica, and being able to better predict exfiltration and melting could help ocean biologists better understand where ocean productivity is occurring, and how it might change in the future.
Robel also hopes this work will open the doorway to more cooperation with groundwater hydrologists who may be able to apply their knowledge to ice sheet dynamics, while Sim stresses the need for more fieldwork. “Getting the observationalists interested in trying to help us better understand the qualities of ice sheets would produce a dramatic effect,” Sim says. “That’s our largest unknown at this point, and it heavily influences the results.”
23. What is the new model used to study
A. The risk of sea level rise. B. The changes of ocean ecosystems.
C. The speed of glacial melting. D. The flow of water beneath glaciers.
24. How does the author show the advantage of the new model
A. By analyzing facts. B. By referring to figures.
C. By giving examples. D. By making a comparison.
25. What does the author stress about the additional exfiltration and melting
A. It gets attention in many places. B. It may influence more than one field.
C. It is responsible for sea level rise. D. It has been considered by biologists.
26. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. An In-depth Study of Antarctic Glaciers B. A Prediction of the Future of Glaciers
C. A Big Discovery About Under-glacier Flow D. A New Model Invented to Monitor Glaciers
D
From the engine in your car to the CPU in your laptop, mechanical systems tend to heat up when they’re working harder. Now new research has revealed that the same can be said of the brain — and it runs hotter than was previously thought.
This isn’t a sign of malfunctioning though, researchers think, and may actually be evidence that the brain is operating healthily. Unusual heat signatures could potentially be used in the future to look for signs of brain damage or disorder.
“To me, the most surprising finding from our study is that the healthy human brain can reach temperatures that would be diagnosed as fever anywhere else in the body,” says biologist John O’Neill from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in the UK. “Such high temperatures have been measured in people with brain injuries in the past, but had been assumed to result from the injury.”
Previously, those measurements taken from people with brain injuries had been the primary insight scientists had into brain temperatures which isn’t the same as capturing the state of the brain during everyday life.
Here, the team used a technique called magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) — measuring chemical patterns through magnetic fields to measure brain temperature in 40 healthy volunteers, aged from 20 to 40 years old. What’s more, they combined this information with data on circadian rhythms (生理节奏) and time of day.
The average brain temperature was38. 5℃ (101.3F) the researchers found, more than 2 degrees higher than under the tongue. The highest brain temperature recorded was40. 9℃(105. 6℃). Daily variations averaged around1℃(1.8F), with the outer parts of the brain generally cooler.
“We found that brain temperature drops at night before you go to sleep and rises during the day, “says O’Neill. “There is good reason to believe this daily variation is associated with long-term brain health—something we hope to investigate next.”
27. What does the underlined word “malfunctioning” in paragraph 2 mean？
A. Having different functions. B. Failing to work correctly.
C. Heating up while working. D. Operating in high temperatures.
28. What surprises John O’Neill most in the study according to paragraph 3？
A. Brain injuries usually lead to high temperatures.
B. High temperatures are the signs of brain damage.
C. Healthy human brains can be infected with a fever.
D. Human brains have higher temperatures than bodies.
29. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？
A. What result the research led to.
B. How the research was conducted.
C. How the research differed from the previous ones.
D. What influence the research had on the volunteers.
30. What may the researchers work on next according to the last paragraph？
A. The drop of brain temperature at night.
B. The rise of brain temperature at dawn.
C. The relationship between temperature changes and brain health.
D. The different causes of the daily variation in brain temperatures.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Independence not only means you can make your own decisions, but it also means that you can do what you want with it. 31 — improved physical and emotional health as well as increased creativity which will lead to greater success in the workplace! It is a quality you need to own.
Your life will be easy and worry-free if you’re independent because there’s no one else to be dependent on. 32 . Independence allows you to be more focused on yourself and free of worrying about what others think about.
33 . People with independence have their own lives and goals that they set to achieve, rather than living with regrets for not being able to do what they wish to do in life. Independence allows you to pursue your dreams freely by setting up your paths to success. When you’re dependent, it can be hard to decide what you want because of other people’s wishes.
Dependency on others may cause you to become attached and unable to think for yourself. This can often be harmful in relationships where there is too much dependence. 34 , because people will be able to count on you when needed and know that you are not trying to control their decisions or choices in life.
Being independent means that you are not waiting for any support or permission from anyone else. When you make your own decisions, it boosts your confidence and experience in handling issues affecting your life. That is why independence makes a person more confident than an individual who waits for help. 35 .
A. It benefits people in almost every way
B. Independence can earn you others’ trust
C. This is very stressful and causes a great deal of anxiety
D. Independent people have clear aims and can easily achieve success
E. It helps you to live a wonderful life because you are in control of your life
F. The more independently you can move through relationships, the happier you will be
G. Independence allows you to be more able to handle any future situation coming your way
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A few years ago, LaQuista Erinna’s seven-year-old son, Jackson, suffered from autism (自闭症). One of the most 36 things was getting a haircut. It was typically a bit hard to 37 him to sit down. And he’d get so 38 later that he’d start kicking and screaming. Erinna had to change barbers (理发师) 39 until they met Ree.
Jackson was 40 at first and started running around the shop. It was so tricky that Erinna was about to 41 the attempt and call it a day. But Ree 42 her to give it a few more minutes. To Erinna’s great amazement, Ree made the haircut into a 43 . She would shave little hair off Jackson’s head, and then he would take it off. “He doesn’t like the hair to get on him, so it transfers (转移) his 44 from haircut,” Erinna said. When Ree 45 her work, Jackson flashed her a smile, saying, “Well, can we come back tomorrow and play again ”
It meant a lot to Erinna that Ree took time to figure out a 46 to give Jackson a haircut. “She was the only person who showed 47 and care for him. Other people would get unwilling. They don’t necessarily want to 48 such a difficult kid. However, I can totally 49 Ree. I know she’s going to 50 my son and make sure he’s looking the best,” Erinna said.
36. A. meaningful B. challenging C. influential D. confusing
37. A. teach B. prepare C. remind D. convince
38. A. curious B. dizzy C. resistant D. watchful
39. A. frequently B. occasionally C. gradually D. temporarily
40. A. unhurt B. unwelcome C. helpless D. restless
41. A. record B. abandon C. prevent D. continue
42. A. allowed B. expected C. encouraged D. forced
43. A. test B. game C. task D. routine
44. A. hope B. interest C. passion D. attention
45. A. completed B. delayed C. began D. mentioned
46. A. pattern B. reason C. solution D. principle
47. A. sympathy B. support C. patience D. gratitude
48. A. care about B. deal with C. believe in D. respond to
49. A. understand B. advocate C. trust D. respect
50. A. settle B. greet C. identify D. accompany
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is 51 (common) known that the emission (排放) of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases causes great effect on our planet. To control climate change, great efforts
52 (make) across the world in the past few decades. In 1978, China began 53 national-level forestation project — the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program, also 54 (know) as the “Great Green Wall”. The program has seen trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions of northern China to act 55 windbreaks (防风林). The Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia has also set a good example to those 56 (struggle) against desertification (沙漠化). Now about 33% of the Kubugi Desert is covered with trees and bushes.
In September, China set new goals 57 (deal) with the problem, aiming to have carbon dioxide emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality (碳中和) before 2060. Carbon neutrality 58 (refer) to achieving zero carbon dioxide emissions. If China’s goal is achieved, it will lower 59 (globe) warming by around 0. 2 to 0. 3℃ alone, according to Climate Action Tracker (CAT). It is the biggest single reduction 60 has been estimated by CAT.
第四部分 书面表达(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
61. The boss ________ ________（斥责）the employee for being late again.
62. Her dedication to her work and community is________ ________（值得......的）recognition and admiration.
63. His current lifestyle is a ________ ________ from（与......大不相同）the one he had when he was a struggling artist.
64. We were stuck on a problem for hours, but when John suggested that solution, it ________ the ________（奏效）and we were able to move on.
65. After months of intense training, her performance at the competition really ________ ________（取得成功）, earning her a gold medal.
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Emily Harper sat at her desk, staring blankly at the math problems in front of her. Numbers and variables danced confusingly across the page, laughing at her every effort.At school, Emily was known for her artistic talents, but math had always been her weakness. No matter how hard she tried, she just couldn’t make sense of it.
Her struggles only worsened in the 10th grade. The more pressure to keep up with her classmates grew, and the poor grades shook her confidence. Her parents decided to step in. “We need to find you some help,” her mother gently suggested one evening.
Then came Mr. Jenkins, a retired local teacher known for his unique teaching style. Emily was initially resistant; the idea of spending extra hours on a subject she hated seemed like a punishment. But she unwillingly agreed, knowing something had to change.
Their first session was tense. Mr. Jenkins, sensing her frustration, didn’t dive straight into problems. Instead, he asked about her interests. When Emily spoke passionately about her painting, he smiled.“Math is like art, Emily. It has patterns and beauty if you know where to look.”Doubtful but inspired, Emily listened as he began to explain concepts through visual examples. He used colors and shapes, turning abstract numbers into something almost tangible (有形的). For the first time, math seemed less like a foreign language and more like a puzzle waiting to be solved.
However, progress was slow. Weeks passed with minimal improvement, and Emily’s patience wore thin. A particularly difficult quiz left her in tears, convinced she was sure to fail. Mr. Jenkins said, “Remember, Emily, every artist starts with a blank canvas. Masterpieces aren’t created overnight.”
Encouraged by his firm belief, Emily pushed on. She began to see the connections between the steps, how each solution followed a logical path. Small victories in practice problems gave her some hope. Mr. Jenkins was always there, celebrating her successes, no matter how minor.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Gradually, Emily’s confidence grew with Mr. Jenkins’ help. ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Emily’s heart raced when the results day arrived. ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2024～2025学年度第一学期期中考试
高二 英语答案
基础知识(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
1~5 BBADB 6~10 AACAD 11~15 ACBCD
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
A篇【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会新增的一些创意运动项目。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据Breakdance下面的“Key Elements: Athletes perform combinations of moves such as the 6-step, and freezes, judged on execution, creativity, and style.(关键要素：运动员完成六步和定点等动作组合，这些要根据执行力、创造力和风格来裁判。)”可知，运动员的表现要根据执行力、创造力和风格来裁判，由此可推测，运动员动作富有创造性，得分会更高，答案为D。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据Breakdance下面的“Events: Men’s and Women’s singles, with 16 athletes each competing in 1VS1 battles.(赛事：男子和女子单项，各有16名运动员参加1VS1比赛。)”、Skateboarding下面的“Description: A street-inspired sport where male and female athletes perform a variety of tricks on skateboards, featuring two venues: Park and Street.(描述：这是一项街头运动，男女运动员在滑板上表演各种技巧，有两个场地：公园和街道。)”、Sport Climbing下面的“Events: Bouldering, Lead Climbing, and Speed Climbing, with men’s and women’s events in Speed and Combined.(活动：攀石、难度和速度攀岩，包括男子和女子速度和组合项目。)”、Surfing下面的“Events: Men’s and Women’s Shortboard events, where athletes perform technical maneuvers on waves.(项目：男子和女子短板项目，运动员在波浪上进行技术动作。)”可知，四个比赛项目中男女均可参加，故答案为C。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。从最后一段中的“And return to home page to find more about Unique Aspects of Traditional Sports.(返回主页，了解更多关于传统体育的独特方面。)”可推知该文出自某网页内容。故答案为B。
B篇【答案】19. D 20. B 21. A 22. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章围绕Isaacman的太空旅行、他的创业经历、以及他对社会公益事业的贡献展开，展现了一个充满梦想、勇气和责任感的企业家形象。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“He aimed to use the private trip to raise $200 million for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, half coming from his own pocket. (他计划利用这次私人旅行为圣裘德儿童研究医院筹集2亿美元，其中一半由他自掏腰包。)”可知，Isaacman为St. Jude筹集资金是为了鼓励其拯救生命的工作，帮助加快研究进展并拯救更多的儿童。故选D。
【20题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Isaacman has been “really interested in space” since he was in kindergarten. He dropped out of high school when he was 16, got a GED certificate and started a business in his parents’ basement that became the beginning of Shift4 Payments, a credit card processing company. He set a speed record flying around the world in 2009 while raising money for the Make-A-Wish program, and later established Draken International, the world’s largest private fleet (舰队) of fighter jets. (Isaacman自幼儿园起就对太空“非常感兴趣”。他 16 岁时辍学，获得了高中同等学历证书，并在他父母的地下室里开始了自己的事业，这成为了信用卡处理公司 Shift4 Payments 的开端。2009 年，他在为“许愿基金会”筹集资金的同时，创下了环球飞行的速度纪录，后来还创立了Draken International，这是世界上最大的私人战斗机舰队。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了Isaacman的成长经历。故选B。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Now he has realized his childhood dream-boarding a spaceship, launched in Florida and orbiting the Earth for three days in the history-making event. (现在，他已经实现了儿时的梦想——登上宇宙飞船，这艘飞船在佛罗里达州发射，并在这一具有历史意义的事件中绕地球飞行了三天。)”可知，这次史诗般的冒险是一次多日的太空之旅。故选A。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章可知，Isaacman通过努力实现自己的梦想，展示了只要有决心和勇气，没有什么是不可能的。他放弃了学业，但在父母的地下室里开始了自己的事业，最终取得了成功。因此，他的故事传达了“有志者事竟成”的信息，即只要有决心和勇气，就可以克服任何困难，实现自己的梦想。故选C。
C篇【答案】23. D 24. D 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Georgia Institute of Technology的两位研究人员开发了一种新的模型，用于研究冰川下的水流，并发现冰川下的水流可能比原先预测的要大得多，这可能对冰川融化和海平面上升等产生影响。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Two researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Alex Robel and Shi Joyce Sim, have worked on a new model for how water moves under glaciers (冰川). ( 来自乔治亚理工学院的两位研究人员Alex Robel和Shi Joyce Sim开发了一种新的模型，用于研究冰川下的水流如何移动。)”可知，该模型用于研究冰川下的水流。故选D。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Robel explains, “Previously, people would run a model, which would have to be applied at every point under Antarctica, and then run forward over a long time period. Now the entirety of our prediction can be done in a second on a computer.” (罗伯尔解释说：“以前，人们会运行一个模型，这个模型必须应用于南极洲下的每一个点，然后才能向前运行很长一段时间。现在，我们的整个预测可以在计算机上一秒钟内完成。”)”可知，作者通过比较之前的方法和新的模型来展示新模型的优点。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Beyond sea level rise, this additional exfiltration and melting has other possible future effects. Some of the places of richest ocean productivity in the world occur off the coast of Antarctica, and being able to better predict exfiltration and melting could help ocean biologists better understand where ocean productivity is occurring, and how it might change in the future. (除了海平面上升之外，这种额外的渗漏和融化还可能对未来产生其他影响。世界上一些海洋生产力最丰富的地区位于南极洲沿岸，如果能够更好地预测渗漏和融化，将有助于海洋生物学家更好地了解海洋生产力的发生地，以及它未来可能如何变化。)”可知，在文章第四段中提到，除了海平面上升之外，这种额外的渗漏和融化还可能对未来产生其他影响。这表明额外的渗漏和融化可能会影响多个领域，因此作者强调了这一点。故选B。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Georgia Institute of Technology的两位研究人员开发了一种新的模型，用于研究冰川下的水流，并发现冰川下的水流可能比原先预测的要大得多，这可能对冰川融化和海平面上升等产生影响。因此，文章主要讲述的是关于冰川下水流的一个重大发现，所以C选项“A Big Discovery About Under-glacier Flow”最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。
D篇【答案】27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。现在，一项新的研究表明，大脑的运行温度比之前想象的要高。这并不是功能故障的迹象，实际上可能是大脑健康运行的证据。文章介绍了研究开展的过程和方式。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段画线词后文“researchers think, and may actually be evidence that the brain is operating healthily(研究人员认为，这也可能是大脑健康运行的证据)”可知，研究人员认为，这并不是大脑工作不正常的迹象，实际上可能是大脑健康运行的证据。故画线词意思是“工作不正常”。故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““To me, the most surprising finding from our study is that the healthy human brain can reach temperatures that would be diagnosed as fever anywhere else in the body,” says biologist John O’Neill from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in the UK.(英国医学研究委员会分子生物学实验室的生物学家约翰·奥尼尔说：“对我来说， 我们的研究中最令人惊讶的发现是，健康人的大脑可以达到被诊断为身体其他地方发烧的温度。”)”可知，最让他惊讶地是健康人脑可以达到比身体更高的温度。故选D。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“Here, the team used a technique called magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-measuring chemical patterns through magnetic fields to measure brain temperature in 40healthy volunteers, aged from 20 to 40 years old. What’s more, they combined this information with data on circadian rhythms (生理节奏) and time of day.(在这里，研究小组使用了一种叫做磁共振波谱学(MRS)的技术——通过磁场测量化学模式来测量40名年龄在20到40岁之间的健康志愿者的大脑温度。更重要的是，他们将这些信息与昼夜节律和时间的数据结合起来)”可知，该段讲述的是实验是如何进行的。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There is good reason to believe this daily variation is associated with long-term brain health—something we hope to investigate next.(我们有充分的理由相信这种日常变化与长期的大脑健康有关——这是我们希望下一步研究的内容)”可知，研究人员下一步会研究温度变化与大脑健康之间的关系。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
【答案】31. A 32. E 33. D 34. B 35. G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了独立性的重要性和其对个人生活、健康、创造力、自信以及人际关系等多方面的积极影响。
【31题详解】
根据下文“improved physical and emotional health as well as increased creativity which will lead to greater success in the workplace! It is a quality you need to own.(改善身心健康以及提升创造力，这将使你在工作场所取得更大的成功！这是你需要拥有的品质)”可知，下文提到，独立的好处包括改善身体和心理健康，以及增加创造力，这些都将导致工作场所更大的成功。因此，独立几乎在各个方面都对人们有益。A项：It benefits people in almost every way.(它几乎在各个方面都使人们受益)符合语境。故选A。
【32题详解】
上文“Your life will be easy and worry-free if you’re independent because there’s no one else to be dependent on.(如果你很独立，你的生活将会变得轻松无忧，因为没有人需要你去依赖)”可知，上文提到，独立的生活会让你更容易，无忧无虑，因为没有其他人可以依赖。选项E中的“you are in control of your life”与上文相呼应。E项：It helps you to live a wonderful life because you are in control of your life.(它帮助你过上美好的生活，因为你可以掌控自己的生活)符合语境。故选E。
【33题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“People with independence have their own lives and goals that they set to achieve, rather than living with regrets for not being able to do what they wish to do in life. Independence allows you to pursue your dreams freely by setting up your paths to success.(独立的人有自己的生活和目标，他们设定要实现的目标，而不是生活在遗憾中不能做他们想做的事情。独立可以让你自由地追求梦想，开辟通往成功的道路)”可知，独立的人有自己的生活和目标，而不是生活在遗憾中，不能做自己想做的事情。因此，可以推断出独立的人有清晰的目标，容易成功。D项中的“have clear aims”和下文中的“have their own lives and goals”对应，D项中的“can easily achieve success.”和下文中的“paths to success”对应。D项：Independent people have clear aims and can easily achieve success.(独立的人有明确的目标，可以很容易地取得成功)符合语境。故选D。
【34题详解】
根据下文“because people will be able to count on you when needed and know that you are not trying to control their decisions or choices in life.(因为当人们需要的时候，他们可以依靠你，并且知道你并没有试图控制他们生活中的决定或选择)”可知，下文解释了独立可以赢得信任的原因，空处和下文形成因果关系，强调赢得信任这个结果。B项：Independence can earn you others’ trust.(独立可以为你赢得别人的信任)符合语境。故选B。
【35题详解】
根据上文“When you make your own decisions, it boosts your confidence and experience in handling issues affecting your life. That is why independence makes a person more confident than an individual who waits for help.(当你自己做决定时，它会增强你处理影响你生活的问题的信心和经验。这就是为什么独立的人比等待帮助的人更自信)”可知，上文提到，当你做出自己的决定时，它会增强你处理影响你生活的问题的信心和经验。因此，可以推断出独立可以让你更有能力应对未来的情况。选项G中的“more able to handle any future situation coming your way”与上文相呼应。G项：Independence allows you to be more able to handle any future situation coming your way.(独立让你更有能力处理任何未来的情况)符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. A
【导语】这是一篇叙述文。文章讲述了LaQuista Erinna的儿子Jackson因自闭症在理发时遇到的困难，以及理发师Ree如何通过创新的方式帮助Jackson完成理发，从而赢得了Erinna的信任和感激。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最具有挑战性的事情之一就是给他理发。A. meaningful有意义的；B. challenging具有挑战性的；C. influential有影响力的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据后文“It was typically a bit hard”可知，这里指的是理发对Jackson来说是一件具有挑战性的事情。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常很难说服他坐下来。A. teach教；B. prepare准备；C. remind提醒；D. convince说服。根据前文“It was typically a bit hard”可知，这里需要表达的是让Jackson坐下来理发是有难度的，需要说服他。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他后来会变得非常抵触，以至于开始踢打和尖叫。A. curious好奇的；B. dizzy头晕的；C. resistant抵抗的；D. watchful警惕的。根据后文的“start kicking and screaming”可知，这里描述的是Jackson在理发时的强烈反应，表现出抵抗。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Erinna不得不频繁地更换理发师，直到他们遇到了Ree。A. frequently频繁地；B. occasionally偶尔地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. temporarily临时地。根据后文“until they met Ree”可知，由于儿子的特殊情况，Erinna不得不频繁更换理发师，直到遇到了Ree。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，Jackson很不安分，开始在店里跑来跑去。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unwelcome不受欢迎的；C. helpless无助的；D. restless不安分的。根据后文的“started running around the shop”可知，这里描述的是Jackson一开始的不安分行为。故选D项。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：情况非常棘手，以至于Erinna正准备放弃尝试，今天就先这么结束了。A. record记录；B. abandon放弃；C. prevent阻止；D. continue继续。根据后文“and call it a day”可知，Erinna因为困难而想要放弃，本来是想今天就这么算了。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是Ree鼓励她再等几分钟。A. allowed允许；B. expected期望；C. encouraged鼓励；D. forced强迫。根据后文“to give it a few more minutes”可知，Ree想要再让孩子多待几分钟，这是在鼓励Erinna不要放弃。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让Erinna非常惊讶的是，Ree把理发变成了一场游戏。A. test测试；B. game游戏；C. task任务；D. routine常规。根据后文“She would shave little hair off Jackson’s head, and then he would take it off.”可知，Ree用创新的方式让Jackson接受理发，这里指的是将理发变成了一种游戏。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“他不喜欢头发落在他身上，所以这转移了他对理发的注意力，”Erinna说。A. hope希望；B. interest兴趣；C. passion激情；D. attention注意力。根据前文“he would take it off”可知，只要头发落在身上，他就会设法拿开，这种游戏转移了Jackson对理发的注意力。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Ree完成了她的工作，Jackson向她微笑，说：“嗯，我们明天可以再来玩吗？”A. completed完成；B. delayed延迟；C. began开始；D. mentioned提到。根据后文“can we come back”可知，Jackson想要第二天再回来玩，说明Ree成功地完成了理发工作。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ree花时间找出解决给Jackson理发的方法，这对Erinna来说意义重大。A. pattern模式；B. reason理由；C. solution解决方案；D. principle原则。根据后文“to give Jackson a haircut”可知，Ree找到了一种方法来解决给Jackson理发的问题。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是唯一一个对他表现出耐心和关怀的人。A. sympathy同情；B. support支持；C. patience耐心；D. gratitude感激。根据后文“Other people would get unwilling”可知，其他人都不愿意接待像Jackson这样的孩子，但是Ree对Jackson展现出了耐心。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们不一定想处理这样一个困难的孩子。A. care about关心；B. deal with处理；C. believe in信任；D. respond to回应。根据前文“Other people would get unwilling”可知，其他人不愿意处理或照顾困难的孩子。故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我完全可以信任Ree。A. understand理解；B. advocate提倡；C. trust信任；D. respect尊重。根据后文“make sure he’s looking the best”可知，Erinna知道Ree一定会让自己的儿子容光焕发，这说明她对Ree有信心，信任她。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道她会陪伴我儿子，并确保他看起来最好。A. settle安顿；B. greet问候；C. identify识别；D. accompany陪伴。根据后文“make sure he’s looking the best”可知，Ree会照顾好Jackson，安顿好他。故选A项。
【答案】51. commonly 52. have been made 53. a 54. known 55. as
56. struggling 57. to deal 58. refers 59. global 60. that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要中国在控制气候变化方面做的努力。
【51题详解】
考查副词。句意：众所周知，二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放对我们的星球造成了巨大影响。分析句子可知，此空应填副词修饰谓语动词is known。故填commonly。
【52题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：过去几十年来，为了控制气候变化，全世界都做出了巨大努力。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，由“in the past few decades”可知，这里应用现在完成时，且主语great efforts与make为被动关系。故填have been made。
【53题详解】
考查冠词。句意：1978年，中国开始实施国家级造林项目——三北防护林工程，也称“绿色长城”。project“项目”是可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且 national-level的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
【54题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：1978年，中国开始实施国家级造林项目——三北防护林工程，也称“绿色长城”。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，且the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program和know为被动关系，里应用过去分词作定语。故填known。
【55题详解】
考查介词。句意：该项目已在中国北方13个省和自治区种植树木作为防风林。act as 表“充当”，为固定搭配。故填as。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：内蒙古库布齐沙漠也为抗击荒漠化的人们树立了良好的榜样。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，且those 和struggle为主动关系，这里应用现在分词作定语。故填struggling。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：9月，中国为解决这一问题制定了新的目标，目标是在2030年前达到二氧化碳排放峰值，并在2060年前实现碳中和。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，再根据句意可知，这里应填不定式作目的状语。故填to deal。
【58题详解】
考查时态。句意：碳中和是指实现零二氧化碳排放。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，且在陈述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，且主语Carbon neutrality和refer to (指的是)为主动关系。故填refers。
59题详解】
考查形容词。句意：根据气候行动追踪（CAT），如果中国的目标实现，仅全球变暖就将降低约0.2至0.3℃。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词修饰后面名词warming 。故填global。
【60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这是CAT估计的最大单次降幅。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为 single reduction，从句缺少主语，且先行词中由最高级biggest，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
第四部分 书面表达(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 完成句子(满分10分)
【解析】
The boss told off （斥责）the employee for being late again.
62. Her dedication to her work and community is worthy of （值得......的）recognition and admiration.
63. His current lifestyle is a far cry from （与......大不相同）the one he had when he was a struggling artist.
64.We were stuck on a problem for hours, but when John suggested that solution, it did the trick （奏效）and we were able to move on.
65. After months of intense training, her performance at the competition really paid off （取得成功）, earning her a gold medal.
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
参考范文：
Gradually, Emily’s confidence grew with Mr. Jenkins’ help. The once daunting math problems started to look less intimidating as she began to grasp the underlying concepts. Mr. Jenkins continued to approach math like art, showing her how to find patterns and understand the structure behind the numbers. Little by little, the sense of helplessness that had once gripped her started to fade. On the day of the final math exam, Emily still felt a flutter of nerves(神经颤动), but it was different this time—she was prepared. Pen in hand, she carefully approached each problem, remembering the steps and visual cues Mr. Jenkins had taught her. She managed to finish the paper. Now all she could do was wait for the results. （111字）
Emily's heart raced when the results day arrived. Her stomach churned(搅动) with anticipation,a feeling she had never experienced with math before. Her fingers were icy as she tightly grasped her report card, heart pounding in her throat. However, the moment she scanned the score,what caught her eye was a bold “A”. Overwhelming joy surged through her—she felt like she was soaring. It was not merely a letter; it was a witness to her transformation,a reward for the hours of hard work and the belief Mr.Jenkins had placed in her. Those words echoed in her mind —Every artist starts with a blank canvas—and no limits were impossible to break through with a strong will and proper guidance. （111字）
高二 英语
本试卷满分130分， 考试用时120分钟
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2,作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。
第一部分 基础知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On the last evening of the academic year, students often stay up late into the night, ________ they can relax and chat with friends.
A．which B．when C．where D．Who
2. ____________music requires creativity and skill, which is not just about following rules.
A．To compose B．Composing C．Composed D．Compose
3. During the meeting, please remain __________until the speaker has finished.
A．seated B．seating C．to seat D．seat
4. Her lack of preparation resulted in________during the presentation.
A．fail B．having failed C．failed D．failing
5. My neighbor always plays loud music late into the night, _________ I find annoying.
A． that B. which C. who D. whom
6. As a child, my only life goal was________ a famous dancer.
A．to become B．becoming C．to have become D．becomes
7. Walking through the museum, I noticed a gallery, on _________ walls displayed ancient artifacts.
A． whose B. its C. which D. that
8. Realizing my mistake, I started to feel _____ by my lack of understanding of common sense.
A. appreciative B. enthusiastic C. embarrassed D. worthwhile
9. He __________ the judges with an _________performance at the talent show.
A． impressed, impressive B． entertained, entertainment
C．advertised, advertising D．impressed, impressing
10. A thorough _________ of the two proposals revealed significant differences.
A．trend B． blessing C． motion D． contrast
11. It’s important to have your car _________ regularly for safety.
A．examined B． employed C． informed D． concluded
12. The project’s delay was within expectation, but it’s still disappointing __________.
A． rarely B．overnight C． nevertheless D．merely
13. In the boxing match, John gave his all and finally knocked down his strong ________.
A．spiker B．opponent C．contest D．audience
14. Her speaking was soft, but every sentence was _________so everyone could follow along easily.
A．abstract B．innovative C．distinct D．intense
15. The _________issue of chance and of challenge are closely related.
A．remarkable B．steely C．essential D．philosophical
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Paris 2024 Olympic Games boasts a diverse range of sporting events, among which innovative additions are sure to captivate audiences worldwide.
Breakdance
Description: Breakdance, AKA breaking or B-boying, is an urban dance style that combines acrobatic moves, complex footwork, and a distinctive DJ and MC presence.
Events: Men’s and Women’s singles, with 16 athletes each competing in 1VS1 battles.
Key Elements: Athletes perform combinations of moves such as the 6- step, and freezes, judged on execution, creativity, and style.
Skateboarding
Description: A street-inspired sport where male and female athletes perform a variety of tricks on skateboards, featuring two venues: Park and Street.
Events: Park (a concave course with curves and ramps) and Street (a straight course with stairs, rails, and other obstacles mimicking (模拟) urban environments), awarding four gold medals.
Key Elements: Tricks, and Grabs are judged on execution, creativity, and flow.
Sport Climbing
Description: Sport Climbing is a modern sport that requires athletes to navigate various heights and angles of artificial rock walls, performing moves like turns, pull-ups, jumps, and more.
Events: Bouldering, Lead Climbing, and Speed Climbing, with men’s and women’s events in Speed and Combined.
Key Elements: Athletes are judged on speed, accuracy, and power in Speed Climbing, and on route completion, difficulty, and style in Bouldering and Lead Climbing.
Surfing
Description: Surfing involves riding waves using a surfboard, showcasing athletes’ skill, balance, and courage in the sea.
Events: Men’s and Women’s Shortboard events, where athletes perform technical maneuvers on waves.
Key Elements: Judges evaluate athletes based on the difficulty, variety, and execution of their maneuvers, as well as their speed and fluidity.
The Paris 2024 Olympic Games offer innovative new additions with unique twists, which promise to deliver a thrilling and memorable experience. And return to home page to find more about Unique Aspects of Traditional Sports.
16. What can be learned about Breakdance
A. Athletes need to perform with high speed.
B. The game is popular both in cities and rural areas.
C. Men and women can battle 1VS1 in the same game.
D. Athletes who perform creatively may get high scores.
17. What do the four sporting events have in common
A. They are all performed outdoors.
B. Their venues must meet strict requirements.
C. They give fair opportunities to men and women.
D. They are all easily influenced by bad weather.
18. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A poster. B. A website. C. A brochure. D. A magazine.
B
Tech businessman Jared Isaacman, who made a fortune in tech and fighter jets, bought an entire flight and took three “everyday” people with him to space. He aimed to use the private trip to raise $200 million for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, half coming from his own pocket.
His crew included a St. Jude worker with direct ties to the activity, representing the activity’s pillar (核心) of Hope, a professor, and another person, representing the pillar of Generosity, chosen as part of a $200 million St. Jude fundraising program. All were invited to join in donating to reach the ambitious overall campaign goal in support of St. Jude’s current multi-billion dollar expansion to speed up research advances and save more children worldwide. Anyone donating to St. Jude would be entered into a random drawing for the “Generosity” seat.
Isaacman has been “really interested in space” since he was in kindergarten. He dropped out of high school when he was 16, got a GED certificate and started a business in his parents’ basement that became the beginning of Shift4 Payments, a credit card processing company. He set a speed record flying around the world in 2009 while raising money for the Make-A-Wish program, and later established Draken International, the world’s largest private fleet (舰队) of fighter jets.
Now he has realized his childhood dream-boarding a spaceship, launched in Florida and orbiting the Earth for three days in the history-making event. He called it an “epic (史诗般的) adventure”. “I truly want us to live in a world 50 or 100 years from now where people are jumping their rockets,” Isaacman said. “And if we’re going to live in that world, we’d better deal with childhood cancer successfully along the way.”
19. Why did Isaacman raise funds for St. Jude
A. To expand a fundraising programme. B. To perform an act of great generosity.
C. To make his childhood dream come true. D. To encourage St. Jude’s life-saving work.
20. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
A. The commercial skills of Isaacman. B. The growth experience of Isaacman.
C. The reason for Isaacman’s good deeds. D. The beginning of Isaacman’s business.
21. What can be learned about the “epic adventure”
A. It was a multi-day journey. B. It will be common in the future.
C. It involved three civilians in total. D. It is a symbol of hope for a better life.
22. What message is conveyed in Isaacman’s story
A. No sweet without sweat. B. Many hands make light work.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. D. A penny saved is a penny earned.
C
Two researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Alex Robel and Shi Joyce Sim, have worked on a new model for how water moves under glaciers (冰川). The new theory shows that up to twice the amount of under-glacier water that was originally predicted might be flowing into the ocean — potentially increasing glacial melting (融化), sea level rise, and so on.
While there are pre-existing methods to understand under-glacier flow, these techniques involve time-consuming computations. Robel and Sim developed a simple solution, which can predict how fast exfiltration (渗漏) is, using satellite measurements of Antarctica from the last two decades. Robel explains, “Previously, people would run a model, which would have to be applied at every point under Antarctica, and then run forward over a long time period. Now the entirety of our prediction can be done in a second on a computer.”
The potentially large source of under-glacier water — possibly up to double the amount previously thought — could be affecting how quickly glacial ice flows and how quickly the ice melts at its base. Robel and Sim hope that the predictions made possible by this theory can be included into ice sheet models that scientists use to predict future ice sheet change and sea level rise.
Beyond sea level rise, this additional exfiltration and melting has other possible future effects. Some of the places of richest ocean productivity in the world occur off the coast of Antarctica, and being able to better predict exfiltration and melting could help ocean biologists better understand where ocean productivity is occurring, and how it might change in the future.
Robel also hopes this work will open the doorway to more cooperation with groundwater hydrologists who may be able to apply their knowledge to ice sheet dynamics, while Sim stresses the need for more fieldwork. “Getting the observationalists interested in trying to help us better understand the qualities of ice sheets would produce a dramatic effect,” Sim says. “That’s our largest unknown at this point, and it heavily influences the results.”
23. What is the new model used to study
A. The risk of sea level rise. B. The changes of ocean ecosystems.
C. The speed of glacial melting. D. The flow of water beneath glaciers.
24. How does the author show the advantage of the new model
A. By analyzing facts. B. By referring to figures.
C. By giving examples. D. By making a comparison.
25. What does the author stress about the additional exfiltration and melting
A. It gets attention in many places. B. It may influence more than one field.
C. It is responsible for sea level rise. D. It has been considered by biologists.
26. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. An In-depth Study of Antarctic Glaciers B. A Prediction of the Future of Glaciers
C. A Big Discovery About Under-glacier Flow D. A New Model Invented to Monitor Glaciers
D
From the engine in your car to the CPU in your laptop, mechanical systems tend to heat up when they’re working harder. Now new research has revealed that the same can be said of the brain — and it runs hotter than was previously thought.
This isn’t a sign of malfunctioning though, researchers think, and may actually be evidence that the brain is operating healthily. Unusual heat signatures could potentially be used in the future to look for signs of brain damage or disorder.
“To me, the most surprising finding from our study is that the healthy human brain can reach temperatures that would be diagnosed as fever anywhere else in the body,” says biologist John O’Neill from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in the UK. “Such high temperatures have been measured in people with brain injuries in the past, but had been assumed to result from the injury.”
Previously, those measurements taken from people with brain injuries had been the primary insight scientists had into brain temperatures which isn’t the same as capturing the state of the brain during everyday life.
Here, the team used a technique called magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) — measuring chemical patterns through magnetic fields to measure brain temperature in 40 healthy volunteers, aged from 20 to 40 years old. What’s more, they combined this information with data on circadian rhythms (生理节奏) and time of day.
The average brain temperature was38. 5℃ (101.3F) the researchers found, more than 2 degrees higher than under the tongue. The highest brain temperature recorded was40. 9℃(105. 6℃). Daily variations averaged around1℃(1.8F), with the outer parts of the brain generally cooler.
“We found that brain temperature drops at night before you go to sleep and rises during the day, “says O’Neill. “There is good reason to believe this daily variation is associated with long-term brain health—something we hope to investigate next.”
27. What does the underlined word “malfunctioning” in paragraph 2 mean？
A. Having different functions. B. Failing to work correctly.
C. Heating up while working. D. Operating in high temperatures.
28. What surprises John O’Neill most in the study according to paragraph 3？
A. Brain injuries usually lead to high temperatures.
B. High temperatures are the signs of brain damage.
C. Healthy human brains can be infected with a fever.
D. Human brains have higher temperatures than bodies.
29. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？
A. What result the research led to.
B. How the research was conducted.
C. How the research differed from the previous ones.
D. What influence the research had on the volunteers.
30. What may the researchers work on next according to the last paragraph？
A. The drop of brain temperature at night.
B. The rise of brain temperature at dawn.
C. The relationship between temperature changes and brain health.
D. The different causes of the daily variation in brain temperatures.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Independence not only means you can make your own decisions, but it also means that you can do what you want with it. 31 — improved physical and emotional health as well as increased creativity which will lead to greater success in the workplace! It is a quality you need to own.
Your life will be easy and worry-free if you’re independent because there’s no one else to be dependent on. 32 . Independence allows you to be more focused on yourself and free of worrying about what others think about.
33 . People with independence have their own lives and goals that they set to achieve, rather than living with regrets for not being able to do what they wish to do in life. Independence allows you to pursue your dreams freely by setting up your paths to success. When you’re dependent, it can be hard to decide what you want because of other people’s wishes.
Dependency on others may cause you to become attached and unable to think for yourself. This can often be harmful in relationships where there is too much dependence. 34 , because people will be able to count on you when needed and know that you are not trying to control their decisions or choices in life.
Being independent means that you are not waiting for any support or permission from anyone else. When you make your own decisions, it boosts your confidence and experience in handling issues affecting your life. That is why independence makes a person more confident than an individual who waits for help. 35 .
A. It benefits people in almost every way
B. Independence can earn you others’ trust
C. This is very stressful and causes a great deal of anxiety
D. Independent people have clear aims and can easily achieve success
E. It helps you to live a wonderful life because you are in control of your life
F. The more independently you can move through relationships, the happier you will be
G. Independence allows you to be more able to handle any future situation coming your way
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A few years ago, LaQuista Erinna’s seven-year-old son, Jackson, suffered from autism (自闭症). One of the most 36 things was getting a haircut. It was typically a bit hard to 37 him to sit down. And he’d get so 38 later that he’d start kicking and screaming. Erinna had to change barbers (理发师) 39 until they met Ree.
Jackson was 40 at first and started running around the shop. It was so tricky that Erinna was about to 41 the attempt and call it a day. But Ree 42 her to give it a few more minutes. To Erinna’s great amazement, Ree made the haircut into a 43 . She would shave little hair off Jackson’s head, and then he would take it off. “He doesn’t like the hair to get on him, so it transfers (转移) his 44 from haircut,” Erinna said. When Ree 45 her work, Jackson flashed her a smile, saying, “Well, can we come back tomorrow and play again ”
It meant a lot to Erinna that Ree took time to figure out a 46 to give Jackson a haircut. “She was the only person who showed 47 and care for him. Other people would get unwilling. They don’t necessarily want to 48 such a difficult kid. However, I can totally 49 Ree. I know she’s going to 50 my son and make sure he’s looking the best,” Erinna said.
36. A. meaningful B. challenging C. influential D. confusing
37. A. teach B. prepare C. remind D. convince
38. A. curious B. dizzy C. resistant D. watchful
39. A. frequently B. occasionally C. gradually D. temporarily
40. A. unhurt B. unwelcome C. helpless D. restless
41. A. record B. abandon C. prevent D. continue
42. A. allowed B. expected C. encouraged D. forced
43. A. test B. game C. task D. routine
44. A. hope B. interest C. passion D. attention
45. A. completed B. delayed C. began D. mentioned
46. A. pattern B. reason C. solution D. principle
47. A. sympathy B. support C. patience D. gratitude
48. A. care about B. deal with C. believe in D. respond to
49. A. understand B. advocate C. trust D. respect
50. A. settle B. greet C. identify D. accompany
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is 51 (common) known that the emission (排放) of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases causes great effect on our planet. To control climate change, great efforts
52 (make) across the world in the past few decades. In 1978, China began 53 national-level forestation project — the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program, also 54 (know) as the “Great Green Wall”. The program has seen trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions of northern China to act 55 windbreaks (防风林). The Kubuqi Desert in Inner Mongolia has also set a good example to those 56 (struggle) against desertification (沙漠化). Now about 33% of the Kubugi Desert is covered with trees and bushes.
In September, China set new goals 57 (deal) with the problem, aiming to have carbon dioxide emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality (碳中和) before 2060. Carbon neutrality 58 (refer) to achieving zero carbon dioxide emissions. If China’s goal is achieved, it will lower 59 (globe) warming by around 0. 2 to 0. 3℃ alone, according to Climate Action Tracker (CAT). It is the biggest single reduction 60 has been estimated by CAT.
第四部分 书面表达(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
61. The boss ________ ________（斥责）the employee for being late again.
62. Her dedication to her work and community is________ ________（值得......的）recognition and admiration.
63. His current lifestyle is a ________ ________ from（与......大不相同）the one he had when he was a struggling artist.
64. We were stuck on a problem for hours, but when John suggested that solution, it ________ the ________（奏效）and we were able to move on.
65. After months of intense training, her performance at the competition really ________ ________（取得成功）, earning her a gold medal.
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Emily Harper sat at her desk, staring blankly at the math problems in front of her. Numbers and variables danced confusingly across the page, laughing at her every effort.At school, Emily was known for her artistic talents, but math had always been her weakness. No matter how hard she tried, she just couldn’t make sense of it.
Her struggles only worsened in the 10th grade. The more pressure to keep up with her classmates grew, and the poor grades shook her confidence. Her parents decided to step in. “We need to find you some help,” her mother gently suggested one evening.
Then came Mr. Jenkins, a retired local teacher known for his unique teaching style. Emily was initially resistant; the idea of spending extra hours on a subject she hated seemed like a punishment. But she unwillingly agreed, knowing something had to change.
Their first session was tense. Mr. Jenkins, sensing her frustration, didn’t dive straight into problems. Instead, he asked about her interests. When Emily spoke passionately about her painting, he smiled.“Math is like art, Emily. It has patterns and beauty if you know where to look.”Doubtful but inspired, Emily listened as he began to explain concepts through visual examples. He used colors and shapes, turning abstract numbers into something almost tangible (有形的). For the first time, math seemed less like a foreign language and more like a puzzle waiting to be solved.
However, progress was slow. Weeks passed with minimal improvement, and Emily’s patience wore thin. A particularly difficult quiz left her in tears, convinced she was sure to fail. Mr. Jenkins said, “Remember, Emily, every artist starts with a blank canvas. Masterpieces aren’t created overnight.”
Encouraged by his firm belief, Emily pushed on. She began to see the connections between the steps, how each solution followed a logical path. Small victories in practice problems gave her some hope. Mr. Jenkins was always there, celebrating her successes, no matter how minor.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Gradually, Emily’s confidence grew with Mr. Jenkins’ help. ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Emily’s heart raced when the results day arrived. ____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2024～2025学年度第一学期期中考试
高二 英语答案
基础知识(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
1~5 BBADB 6~10 AACAD 11~15 ACBCD
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
A篇【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会新增的一些创意运动项目。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据Breakdance下面的“Key Elements: Athletes perform combinations of moves such as the 6-step, and freezes, judged on execution, creativity, and style.(关键要素：运动员完成六步和定点等动作组合，这些要根据执行力、创造力和风格来裁判。)”可知，运动员的表现要根据执行力、创造力和风格来裁判，由此可推测，运动员动作富有创造性，得分会更高，答案为D。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据Breakdance下面的“Events: Men’s and Women’s singles, with 16 athletes each competing in 1VS1 battles.(赛事：男子和女子单项，各有16名运动员参加1VS1比赛。)”、Skateboarding下面的“Description: A street-inspired sport where male and female athletes perform a variety of tricks on skateboards, featuring two venues: Park and Street.(描述：这是一项街头运动，男女运动员在滑板上表演各种技巧，有两个场地：公园和街道。)”、Sport Climbing下面的“Events: Bouldering, Lead Climbing, and Speed Climbing, with men’s and women’s events in Speed and Combined.(活动：攀石、难度和速度攀岩，包括男子和女子速度和组合项目。)”、Surfing下面的“Events: Men’s and Women’s Shortboard events, where athletes perform technical maneuvers on waves.(项目：男子和女子短板项目，运动员在波浪上进行技术动作。)”可知，四个比赛项目中男女均可参加，故答案为C。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。从最后一段中的“And return to home page to find more about Unique Aspects of Traditional Sports.(返回主页，了解更多关于传统体育的独特方面。)”可推知该文出自某网页内容。故答案为B。
B篇【答案】19. D 20. B 21. A 22. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章围绕Isaacman的太空旅行、他的创业经历、以及他对社会公益事业的贡献展开，展现了一个充满梦想、勇气和责任感的企业家形象。
【19题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“He aimed to use the private trip to raise $200 million for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, half coming from his own pocket. (他计划利用这次私人旅行为圣裘德儿童研究医院筹集2亿美元，其中一半由他自掏腰包。)”可知，Isaacman为St. Jude筹集资金是为了鼓励其拯救生命的工作，帮助加快研究进展并拯救更多的儿童。故选D。
【20题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Isaacman has been “really interested in space” since he was in kindergarten. He dropped out of high school when he was 16, got a GED certificate and started a business in his parents’ basement that became the beginning of Shift4 Payments, a credit card processing company. He set a speed record flying around the world in 2009 while raising money for the Make-A-Wish program, and later established Draken International, the world’s largest private fleet (舰队) of fighter jets. (Isaacman自幼儿园起就对太空“非常感兴趣”。他 16 岁时辍学，获得了高中同等学历证书，并在他父母的地下室里开始了自己的事业，这成为了信用卡处理公司 Shift4 Payments 的开端。2009 年，他在为“许愿基金会”筹集资金的同时，创下了环球飞行的速度纪录，后来还创立了Draken International，这是世界上最大的私人战斗机舰队。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了Isaacman的成长经历。故选B。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Now he has realized his childhood dream-boarding a spaceship, launched in Florida and orbiting the Earth for three days in the history-making event. (现在，他已经实现了儿时的梦想——登上宇宙飞船，这艘飞船在佛罗里达州发射，并在这一具有历史意义的事件中绕地球飞行了三天。)”可知，这次史诗般的冒险是一次多日的太空之旅。故选A。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章可知，Isaacman通过努力实现自己的梦想，展示了只要有决心和勇气，没有什么是不可能的。他放弃了学业，但在父母的地下室里开始了自己的事业，最终取得了成功。因此，他的故事传达了“有志者事竟成”的信息，即只要有决心和勇气，就可以克服任何困难，实现自己的梦想。故选C。
C篇【答案】23. D 24. D 25. B 26. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Georgia Institute of Technology的两位研究人员开发了一种新的模型，用于研究冰川下的水流，并发现冰川下的水流可能比原先预测的要大得多，这可能对冰川融化和海平面上升等产生影响。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Two researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Alex Robel and Shi Joyce Sim, have worked on a new model for how water moves under glaciers (冰川). ( 来自乔治亚理工学院的两位研究人员Alex Robel和Shi Joyce Sim开发了一种新的模型，用于研究冰川下的水流如何移动。)”可知，该模型用于研究冰川下的水流。故选D。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Robel explains, “Previously, people would run a model, which would have to be applied at every point under Antarctica, and then run forward over a long time period. Now the entirety of our prediction can be done in a second on a computer.” (罗伯尔解释说：“以前，人们会运行一个模型，这个模型必须应用于南极洲下的每一个点，然后才能向前运行很长一段时间。现在，我们的整个预测可以在计算机上一秒钟内完成。”)”可知，作者通过比较之前的方法和新的模型来展示新模型的优点。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Beyond sea level rise, this additional exfiltration and melting has other possible future effects. Some of the places of richest ocean productivity in the world occur off the coast of Antarctica, and being able to better predict exfiltration and melting could help ocean biologists better understand where ocean productivity is occurring, and how it might change in the future. (除了海平面上升之外，这种额外的渗漏和融化还可能对未来产生其他影响。世界上一些海洋生产力最丰富的地区位于南极洲沿岸，如果能够更好地预测渗漏和融化，将有助于海洋生物学家更好地了解海洋生产力的发生地，以及它未来可能如何变化。)”可知，在文章第四段中提到，除了海平面上升之外，这种额外的渗漏和融化还可能对未来产生其他影响。这表明额外的渗漏和融化可能会影响多个领域，因此作者强调了这一点。故选B。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了Georgia Institute of Technology的两位研究人员开发了一种新的模型，用于研究冰川下的水流，并发现冰川下的水流可能比原先预测的要大得多，这可能对冰川融化和海平面上升等产生影响。因此，文章主要讲述的是关于冰川下水流的一个重大发现，所以C选项“A Big Discovery About Under-glacier Flow”最适合作为文章的标题。故选C。
D篇【答案】27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。现在，一项新的研究表明，大脑的运行温度比之前想象的要高。这并不是功能故障的迹象，实际上可能是大脑健康运行的证据。文章介绍了研究开展的过程和方式。
【27题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段画线词后文“researchers think, and may actually be evidence that the brain is operating healthily(研究人员认为，这也可能是大脑健康运行的证据)”可知，研究人员认为，这并不是大脑工作不正常的迹象，实际上可能是大脑健康运行的证据。故画线词意思是“工作不正常”。故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““To me, the most surprising finding from our study is that the healthy human brain can reach temperatures that would be diagnosed as fever anywhere else in the body,” says biologist John O’Neill from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in the UK.(英国医学研究委员会分子生物学实验室的生物学家约翰·奥尼尔说：“对我来说， 我们的研究中最令人惊讶的发现是，健康人的大脑可以达到被诊断为身体其他地方发烧的温度。”)”可知，最让他惊讶地是健康人脑可以达到比身体更高的温度。故选D。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段“Here, the team used a technique called magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-measuring chemical patterns through magnetic fields to measure brain temperature in 40healthy volunteers, aged from 20 to 40 years old. What’s more, they combined this information with data on circadian rhythms (生理节奏) and time of day.(在这里，研究小组使用了一种叫做磁共振波谱学(MRS)的技术——通过磁场测量化学模式来测量40名年龄在20到40岁之间的健康志愿者的大脑温度。更重要的是，他们将这些信息与昼夜节律和时间的数据结合起来)”可知，该段讲述的是实验是如何进行的。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There is good reason to believe this daily variation is associated with long-term brain health—something we hope to investigate next.(我们有充分的理由相信这种日常变化与长期的大脑健康有关——这是我们希望下一步研究的内容)”可知，研究人员下一步会研究温度变化与大脑健康之间的关系。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
【答案】31. A 32. E 33. D 34. B 35. G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了独立性的重要性和其对个人生活、健康、创造力、自信以及人际关系等多方面的积极影响。
【31题详解】
根据下文“improved physical and emotional health as well as increased creativity which will lead to greater success in the workplace! It is a quality you need to own.(改善身心健康以及提升创造力，这将使你在工作场所取得更大的成功！这是你需要拥有的品质)”可知，下文提到，独立的好处包括改善身体和心理健康，以及增加创造力，这些都将导致工作场所更大的成功。因此，独立几乎在各个方面都对人们有益。A项：It benefits people in almost every way.(它几乎在各个方面都使人们受益)符合语境。故选A。
【32题详解】
上文“Your life will be easy and worry-free if you’re independent because there’s no one else to be dependent on.(如果你很独立，你的生活将会变得轻松无忧，因为没有人需要你去依赖)”可知，上文提到，独立的生活会让你更容易，无忧无虑，因为没有其他人可以依赖。选项E中的“you are in control of your life”与上文相呼应。E项：It helps you to live a wonderful life because you are in control of your life.(它帮助你过上美好的生活，因为你可以掌控自己的生活)符合语境。故选E。
【33题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“People with independence have their own lives and goals that they set to achieve, rather than living with regrets for not being able to do what they wish to do in life. Independence allows you to pursue your dreams freely by setting up your paths to success.(独立的人有自己的生活和目标，他们设定要实现的目标，而不是生活在遗憾中不能做他们想做的事情。独立可以让你自由地追求梦想，开辟通往成功的道路)”可知，独立的人有自己的生活和目标，而不是生活在遗憾中，不能做自己想做的事情。因此，可以推断出独立的人有清晰的目标，容易成功。D项中的“have clear aims”和下文中的“have their own lives and goals”对应，D项中的“can easily achieve success.”和下文中的“paths to success”对应。D项：Independent people have clear aims and can easily achieve success.(独立的人有明确的目标，可以很容易地取得成功)符合语境。故选D。
【34题详解】
根据下文“because people will be able to count on you when needed and know that you are not trying to control their decisions or choices in life.(因为当人们需要的时候，他们可以依靠你，并且知道你并没有试图控制他们生活中的决定或选择)”可知，下文解释了独立可以赢得信任的原因，空处和下文形成因果关系，强调赢得信任这个结果。B项：Independence can earn you others’ trust.(独立可以为你赢得别人的信任)符合语境。故选B。
【35题详解】
根据上文“When you make your own decisions, it boosts your confidence and experience in handling issues affecting your life. That is why independence makes a person more confident than an individual who waits for help.(当你自己做决定时，它会增强你处理影响你生活的问题的信心和经验。这就是为什么独立的人比等待帮助的人更自信)”可知，上文提到，当你做出自己的决定时，它会增强你处理影响你生活的问题的信心和经验。因此，可以推断出独立可以让你更有能力应对未来的情况。选项G中的“more able to handle any future situation coming your way”与上文相呼应。G项：Independence allows you to be more able to handle any future situation coming your way.(独立让你更有能力处理任何未来的情况)符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. A
【导语】这是一篇叙述文。文章讲述了LaQuista Erinna的儿子Jackson因自闭症在理发时遇到的困难，以及理发师Ree如何通过创新的方式帮助Jackson完成理发，从而赢得了Erinna的信任和感激。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最具有挑战性的事情之一就是给他理发。A. meaningful有意义的；B. challenging具有挑战性的；C. influential有影响力的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据后文“It was typically a bit hard”可知，这里指的是理发对Jackson来说是一件具有挑战性的事情。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常很难说服他坐下来。A. teach教；B. prepare准备；C. remind提醒；D. convince说服。根据前文“It was typically a bit hard”可知，这里需要表达的是让Jackson坐下来理发是有难度的，需要说服他。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他后来会变得非常抵触，以至于开始踢打和尖叫。A. curious好奇的；B. dizzy头晕的；C. resistant抵抗的；D. watchful警惕的。根据后文的“start kicking and screaming”可知，这里描述的是Jackson在理发时的强烈反应，表现出抵抗。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Erinna不得不频繁地更换理发师，直到他们遇到了Ree。A. frequently频繁地；B. occasionally偶尔地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. temporarily临时地。根据后文“until they met Ree”可知，由于儿子的特殊情况，Erinna不得不频繁更换理发师，直到遇到了Ree。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，Jackson很不安分，开始在店里跑来跑去。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unwelcome不受欢迎的；C. helpless无助的；D. restless不安分的。根据后文的“started running around the shop”可知，这里描述的是Jackson一开始的不安分行为。故选D项。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：情况非常棘手，以至于Erinna正准备放弃尝试，今天就先这么结束了。A. record记录；B. abandon放弃；C. prevent阻止；D. continue继续。根据后文“and call it a day”可知，Erinna因为困难而想要放弃，本来是想今天就这么算了。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是Ree鼓励她再等几分钟。A. allowed允许；B. expected期望；C. encouraged鼓励；D. forced强迫。根据后文“to give it a few more minutes”可知，Ree想要再让孩子多待几分钟，这是在鼓励Erinna不要放弃。故选C项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：让Erinna非常惊讶的是，Ree把理发变成了一场游戏。A. test测试；B. game游戏；C. task任务；D. routine常规。根据后文“She would shave little hair off Jackson’s head, and then he would take it off.”可知，Ree用创新的方式让Jackson接受理发，这里指的是将理发变成了一种游戏。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“他不喜欢头发落在他身上，所以这转移了他对理发的注意力，”Erinna说。A. hope希望；B. interest兴趣；C. passion激情；D. attention注意力。根据前文“he would take it off”可知，只要头发落在身上，他就会设法拿开，这种游戏转移了Jackson对理发的注意力。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Ree完成了她的工作，Jackson向她微笑，说：“嗯，我们明天可以再来玩吗？”A. completed完成；B. delayed延迟；C. began开始；D. mentioned提到。根据后文“can we come back”可知，Jackson想要第二天再回来玩，说明Ree成功地完成了理发工作。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ree花时间找出解决给Jackson理发的方法，这对Erinna来说意义重大。A. pattern模式；B. reason理由；C. solution解决方案；D. principle原则。根据后文“to give Jackson a haircut”可知，Ree找到了一种方法来解决给Jackson理发的问题。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是唯一一个对他表现出耐心和关怀的人。A. sympathy同情；B. support支持；C. patience耐心；D. gratitude感激。根据后文“Other people would get unwilling”可知，其他人都不愿意接待像Jackson这样的孩子，但是Ree对Jackson展现出了耐心。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们不一定想处理这样一个困难的孩子。A. care about关心；B. deal with处理；C. believe in信任；D. respond to回应。根据前文“Other people would get unwilling”可知，其他人不愿意处理或照顾困难的孩子。故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我完全可以信任Ree。A. understand理解；B. advocate提倡；C. trust信任；D. respect尊重。根据后文“make sure he’s looking the best”可知，Erinna知道Ree一定会让自己的儿子容光焕发，这说明她对Ree有信心，信任她。故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道她会陪伴我儿子，并确保他看起来最好。A. settle安顿；B. greet问候；C. identify识别；D. accompany陪伴。根据后文“make sure he’s looking the best”可知，Ree会照顾好Jackson，安顿好他。故选A项。
【答案】51. commonly 52. have been made 53. a 54. known 55. as
56. struggling 57. to deal 58. refers 59. global 60. that
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要中国在控制气候变化方面做的努力。
【51题详解】
考查副词。句意：众所周知，二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放对我们的星球造成了巨大影响。分析句子可知，此空应填副词修饰谓语动词is known。故填commonly。
【52题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：过去几十年来，为了控制气候变化，全世界都做出了巨大努力。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，由“in the past few decades”可知，这里应用现在完成时，且主语great efforts与make为被动关系。故填have been made。
【53题详解】
考查冠词。句意：1978年，中国开始实施国家级造林项目——三北防护林工程，也称“绿色长城”。project“项目”是可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且 national-level的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
【54题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：1978年，中国开始实施国家级造林项目——三北防护林工程，也称“绿色长城”。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，且the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program和know为被动关系，里应用过去分词作定语。故填known。
【55题详解】
考查介词。句意：该项目已在中国北方13个省和自治区种植树木作为防风林。act as 表“充当”，为固定搭配。故填as。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：内蒙古库布齐沙漠也为抗击荒漠化的人们树立了良好的榜样。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，且those 和struggle为主动关系，这里应用现在分词作定语。故填struggling。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：9月，中国为解决这一问题制定了新的目标，目标是在2030年前达到二氧化碳排放峰值，并在2060年前实现碳中和。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，再根据句意可知，这里应填不定式作目的状语。故填to deal。
【58题详解】
考查时态。句意：碳中和是指实现零二氧化碳排放。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，且在陈述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，且主语Carbon neutrality和refer to (指的是)为主动关系。故填refers。
59题详解】
考查形容词。句意：根据气候行动追踪（CAT），如果中国的目标实现，仅全球变暖就将降低约0.2至0.3℃。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词修饰后面名词warming 。故填global。
【60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这是CAT估计的最大单次降幅。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为 single reduction，从句缺少主语，且先行词中由最高级biggest，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
第四部分 书面表达(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 完成句子(满分10分)
【解析】
The boss told off （斥责）the employee for being late again.
62. Her dedication to her work and community is worthy of （值得......的）recognition and admiration.
63. His current lifestyle is a far cry from （与......大不相同）the one he had when he was a struggling artist.
64.We were stuck on a problem for hours, but when John suggested that solution, it did the trick （奏效）and we were able to move on.
65. After months of intense training, her performance at the competition really paid off （取得成功）, earning her a gold medal.
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
参考范文：
Gradually, Emily’s confidence grew with Mr. Jenkins’ help. The once daunting math problems started to look less intimidating as she began to grasp the underlying concepts. Mr. Jenkins continued to approach math like art, showing her how to find patterns and understand the structure behind the numbers. Little by little, the sense of helplessness that had once gripped her started to fade. On the day of the final math exam, Emily still felt a flutter of nerves(神经颤动), but it was different this time—she was prepared. Pen in hand, she carefully approached each problem, remembering the steps and visual cues Mr. Jenkins had taught her. She managed to finish the paper. Now all she could do was wait for the results. （111字）
Emily's heart raced when the results day arrived. Her stomach churned(搅动) with anticipation,a feeling she had never experienced with math before. Her fingers were icy as she tightly grasped her report card, heart pounding in her throat. However, the moment she scanned the score,what caught her eye was a bold “A”. Overwhelming joy surged through her—she felt like she was soaring. It was not merely a letter; it was a witness to her transformation,a reward for the hours of hard work and the belief Mr.Jenkins had placed in her. Those words echoed in her mind —Every artist starts with a blank canvas—and no limits were impossible to break through with a strong will and proper guidance. （111字）
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