2016年中考英语解题策略--阅读理解

阅读理解
阅读理解是中考测试的重要内容。主要考查学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生生理解、辨别、推理的能力。近几年，中考阅读理解的选材注重了材料的真实性，具有时代特征，与现实生活的联系性越来越强。语篇选择比较注重思想性和趣味性，注重对学生心灵的塑造。常见的考查形式有三种：选择性阅读，判断正误型阅读和任务型阅读，其中任务型阅读又分为填空型，回答问题型，匹配阅读型等。
【题型特点】
阅读理解题是对学生有着较高的能力要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )求的一种题型，主要考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力。试题涉及对掌握语篇主旨、事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力的考查。设题通常考虑以下四个方面:
1.直观性问题。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。
2.常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型。
3.理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事实的细节及作者意图等的理解程度。
4.推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解短文后，再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。
题型1(昆明中考)选择型阅读理解
A city without cars w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould be very strange，right But Venice is such a city.
Venice is in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land，like Beijing or Shanghai，but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.
Even so，travel isn' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat. Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1 ,500 years ago，and built homes there.
Water makes the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity special .but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge，and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.
Once，people used ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋 )melt (融化).
Every year, high water ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes ，more than half of the city is underwater.
Scientists ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be build under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.
1.According to the passage，Venice is a city ____ of Italy.
A. in th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e northeast B. in the west C. in the southwest D. in the south、
2._____ have always ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) been the best way to go here and there in the city.
A. Taxis and cats ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. The waterways C. 400 bridges D. Boats and rain shoes
3. Venice _____ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1500 years ago.
A. change into B. used to be
C. became D. developed from
4. Which is NOT the reason why the city gets lower and lower
A. The higher temperature B. Overused underground water
C. Too many waterways D. The rising seawater
5. The passage is mainly about _______ Venice.
【题技巧】
本文是一篇说明文，文中介绍了旅游城市威尼 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )斯。威尼斯处在意大利的东北，是1500年前意大利人因躲进战乱而建立起来的，它不是建立在陆地上，而是建立在110多个小岛上，城市里的交通主要旅乘船或者是桥。
1. A细节理解题。由文中第一段的第一句"Venice is in the northeast of Italy.”可知答案。
2. B细节理解题。由第二段第二句“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The waterways have always been the best way to get around”可知答案。
3. D 细节理解题。由文中的“Ven ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ice grew out of small islands in salt water lakes when some Italians escaped from a war 1500 years ago. and built homes there.
4. C细节理解题。根据文中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )信息people used too much underground water. Another problem is the rising seawater, the temperature has risen over the years可知答案。
5.C主旨大意题。本文前半部分介绍了威尼斯的特色:出行靠船或桥; 后半部分介绍了威尼斯面临的问题:位置越来越低。因此答案选C。
题型2(泉州中考)判断正误型阅读理解
There are about 5,0 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )00 different kinds of ladybugs in the world. They come in many different colors. Their bright colors warn other animals or insects not to eat them. Ladybugs taste bad. A bird or a frog that eats a ladybug will remember the bright colors and it will not eat another ladybug with the same colors again. When ladybugs are in danger, they will give out a fluid(液体) that tastes terrible.
In many cultures，the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ladybug is considered to be a symbol of good luck. Most ladybugs are kind to humans. They eat other insects which destroy crops. One ladybug can eat up to 5,000 insects in its lifetime.
Ladybugs have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )six short legs. They live in many different places，including green lands，forests，cities, the countryside and along rivers. Different ladybugs have different spots(点).Some of them don't have spots at all. The most common kind in North America is the 7- spotted ladybug. The 7-spotted ladybugs are the most active from spring to autumn. When the weather turns cold，they look for a warm place to sleep, such as under stones or in houses.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子是否正确，对的涂 (A)，错的涂(B)
1 .Ladybugs can give out a terrible fluid to protect themselves.
2. In many cultures ladybugs are believed to bring good luck.
3. Most of the ladybugs are harmful to crops.
4. Ladybugs live in many places except cities.
5. Winter is the best time for 7-spotted ladybugs to go out for food.
【解题技巧】
本文是说明文，主要介绍了抓虫的生活习性和生理特点。
A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en ladybugs are in danger, they will give out a fluid(液体) that tastes terrible.”可知:甄虫散发出难闻的液体是为了保护自己，本句正确。
2.‘A细节理解题。根据第二段中的In ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) many cultures, the ladybug is considered to be a symbol of
good luck.’可知本句正确。
3.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t ladybugs are kind to humans. They eat other insects which destroy crops.“可知本句错误-
4. B细节理解题。根据第三段中的They ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )live in many different places, including green lands，forests，cities, the countryside and along rivers.”可知包括城市.故本句错误。
5.B细节理解题。根据第三段中的‘" ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )When the weather turns cold, they look for a warm place to sleep , such as under stones or in houses.’可知，冬天它们去睡觉，而不是出去寻找食物，故本句错误。
题型3(十堰中考)任务型阅读理解
Andy was still ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )traveling in Spain when he realized he had to confirm(确认) his____1_____home with the airline company. He was visiting Spain in order to improve his Spanish. When he was speaking to people face to face, he had no difficulty understanding what they said. However, when he was speaking on the phone, he still had a problem. Andy called the airline. And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o'clock three days from that day. She also told Andy to be at the airport two hours earlier in order to check in his luggage and get a seat.
Since he was lea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ving in three days, Andy didn't lose any time. He visited many places as he could. He thought that it would probably be a while before he had enough money again. He wished he could come back and spend a year in Spain.
Too quickly, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the final day arrived. Andy left early for the airport to arrive two hours before take-off. He hated to rush. He went to the clerk to show his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket in surprise.“Why, sir, but your flight was at nine o'clock in the morning, and it is eight in the evening. "
"But I confirm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed my flight," insisted Andy. "Will I have to pay for another ticket "
"No, Sir. Howev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er, the next flight out will be three days from now.”
Andy ___2____ of shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation.
任务一:请根据短文内容.分别写出①、②处所缺单词。(每空限城一词)
1.①__________ ②_________
任务二:根据短文内容补全句子。(每空一词)
2.(A) He Visited as many places as________。
(B) From the passage we know Andy could ________ his holiday.
任务三：请把上文中画线的句子翻译成汉语。
3.________________________________
4. Why did the clerk tell Andy to be at the airport a little earlier
_______________________________________
5.How long was Andy late for the plane that day
_________________________________________
【解题技巧】
本文是一篇记叙文。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )讲述的是安迪还在西班牙旅行的时候，他意识到应该和航空公司确认一下回去的航班，由于他的西班牙语不是很好，打电话时出了差错，他确认的航班早已起飞的故事。
1. （1）flight (2) look/ expression大意理解题。第一个空我们可以根据句子后面的短语with the airline company来确定是他的航班，所以填flight;由“Andy's _______ of shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation."(安迪的____由震惊变得高兴.因为他意识到他可以继续他的旅程。)我们可以推测句子需要的意思应该是安迪的表情，所以填look/ expression,
2.(A) possible (B) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) continue意义理解题。第一个空文中的句子是:He visited as many places as he could.这句话的意思是: 他尽可能参观很多地方。问题中考查as... as possible，所以填possible, 第二个空从这篇文章当中我们可以知道安迪能继续他的旅行.从“he realized that now he could continue his vacation”中我们可以找到答案，所以填continue,
3.当他与别人面对面交谈时，他能理解别 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人的话。综合能力题。翻译的时候注意:When引导的是时间状语从句，再就是what they said表示“他们所说的话”。
4. to check ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in his luggage and get a seat。细节理解题。从文章当中我们找出这一句“She also told Andy to be at the airport two hours earlier in order to check in his luggage and get a seat。”(她也告诉安迪要提前两个小时来到机场，以便登记行李和安排座位)。所以答案是 to check in his luggage and get. a seat.
5. (about) 12 ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urs。细节理解题。从“your fight was at nine o'clock in the morning, and now it is eight in the evening"你的航班早上九点起飞,现在是晚上八点)可知安迪迟到了大约11个小时。所以答案是(about) II hours,
题型4(齐齐哈尔中考)回答问题型阅读理解
One day，a poor boy w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ho was selling things door to door found that he only has a cent(美分) left. He was so hungry that he decided to ask for a meal at the next house.
However, he just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) asked for a glass of water when a beautiful young woman opened the door. She thought he looked hungry，so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank in slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe (欠)you '
“You don’t owe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me anything,’she replied, .Mother has taught me never to accept pay for
kindness..”
Years later the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )woman needed an operation(手术). The local doctors could do nothing. They finally sent her to a big city. Dr. Milton, who was famous, was called in for the consultation(会诊)。When he heard the name of the town she came from, he went to see her. He recognized(认出)her at once. At the same time, he made his decision to try his best to save her life.
After hard work, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e operation was successful. Dr. Milton asked the nurse to pass the final bill to him. He wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the patient's room. She was afraid to open it because she thought it would cost all her money. To her surprise, she saw these words written by Dr. Milton:
"Paid in full with a glass of milk.’
Tears ran out of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) her eyes as she said silently, "Thank you. Love has spread through human hearts and hands.”
Answer the following questions according to what you read：
1. What was the boy doing when he only had a cent left
2. What did the boy ask for from the young woman
3. What did Dr. Milton decided to do when he recognized the woman
4. How did the wom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an feel when she saw the words written by Dr. Milton
5. The woman had to pay the bill with all her money, didn't she
【解题技巧】
本文是一篇记叙文，叙述的是一个穷孩子靠 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )买东西生存，有一天他饥饿的时候，一位年轻漂亮的妇女给了他一大杯牛奶，而该妇女不求任何报酬。数年后，这位妇女得病需要做手术，而需要名医Dr. Milton，巧合的是这位名医正是当年接受这位好心妇女送给的一大杯牛奶的穷男孩，这位名医认出了这位妇女，决定立即给她做手术。经过努力，手术非常成功. Dr. Milton在录后的帐单上写上了:用一大杯牛奶付清了。这位妇女昨常惊讶。本文从另一个侧面来教育我们，人人都要有一颗感恩的心.让世界充满爱。
He was selli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng things (door to door).本题的题意是:当这个男孩只剩下一美分的时候.他在干什么 由文中的第一句“One day, a poor boy who was selling things door to door found that he only has a cent(美分) left.”可知答案。但本句里用的定语从句，回答问题时需要根据句意重新组织句子。
A glass of water.本题的题意是:这个男孩向那个年轻的妇女要什么 通过读文章可知
这一句 “However, he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )just asked for a glass of water when a beautiful young woman opened the door.”能回答这个问 题。关键词是a glass of water,
3. He decide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to do his best to save her life./To save her./To help her./He wanted to thank/ reward her.本题的题意是:当他认出这个妇女后，Milton决定做什么 结合文章可知从这两句“He recognized (认出)her at once. At the same time, he made his decision to try his best to save her life.”中可以得出本题的答案。.
4. She felt/ was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) thankful/ grateful/ moved/surprised/ excited/ happy…本题的题意是:当这个妇女看到那些文字时，她是怎样的感觉 由文中的最后一段的意思:她泪流满面，默默地说“谢谢你，爱已经通过人们的心和手传递下去了”可以推测她当时的感觉应该是兴奋、激动、幸福……之类的。
5. No, she didn' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t.本题的题意是:这个妇女不得不自己付所有的钱，不是吗 根据文章的愈思可知这个妇女的治疗费用全部由Milton医生代付。所以答案是否定的。
题型5(河南中考)短文还原型阅读理解
Do you like to te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll stories Do you like to write Sometimes those questions have two different answers. _____1______ However, it can be hard to write them down on paper.
___2___ Even ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )professional(职业的) writers do not write everything perfectly the first time. They have to revise(修正)their work. When you revise your writing, you look for ways to change it that will make it better.____3_____ . You make sure that you have used capitals (大写)，periods and other punctuation marks in the best way. You look for words that can be taken out or changed for different, more exciting worth. You make sure that your words help the reader get a picture in his mind when he reads them.
Writing is one ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of those skill，that take practice. The changes you make can turn boring words into exciting words. ____4____Don’t be afraid to make changes. The first time you write on a topic, you get your ideas down on paper. ____5___ It's making it ready for readers to enjoy.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填人文中空缺处的最佳选项, 使短文意思通顺., 内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。
A. You check your spelling.
B. Revising your writing is important.
C. Many children love to tell stories out loud.
D. Revising your writing is cleaning it up.
E. It can make your ideas come alive.
1.________, 2. ________, 3. ________, 4. ________, 5. ________,
【解题技巧】
故事写完之后需要修正，短文叙述的是修正故事的重要性以及如何润色和整理故事，从而让读者易于欣赏，在脑海中留下一副清晰的图像。
1.c语境理解题。下文“然而，把它们写在纸上却很难”说明上句是关于讲故事的。故选c项。
2. B语境理解题。下文“即使职业作家第一次 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )写的也不是完美的”和下文“必须修正他们的作品”，提示本句空格处填B项“修正你的作品是很重要的”。
3.A语境理解题。由下文的修正大写、句号和其他标点符号，可知上文是关于具体修正的内容的，故选项A“你检查你的拼写”和下文贯通。
4.E语境理解题。承接上文“把没有意思的表达转换为令人兴奋表达的表达”可知选E项，继续说明修正的作用“能够使你的观点鲜活起来”。
5. D语境理解题。上文“你第一次写一个话题，把你的观点写在纸上”和下文“使读者易于欣赏”判定选D项“修正你的作品就是整理你的作品”。
题型6(绥化中考)配对型阅读理解
( )1 .Every year, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) thousands of students choose to study in another country for a term，the summer, or a year. Studying abroad can be an exciting experience for many people.
( )2. Livin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g in another country can help you to learn a language，and about another culture. You will see the world in a new way，and learn more about yourself. The experience of studying abroad may also look good 0n your future resume(求职简历).Many companies today want people who speak a second language.，or have experienced living or working in another country
( )3. Once ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you decide to study abroad，you have to make choices. To choose the right country，ask yourself: Where do I want to go and why How much do I want to pay How long do I want to study abroad Do I want to live with roommates，alone or somewhere else
( )4. Get your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )passport and visa(签证) early! Before you go, learn some of the languages，and read about some common customs (习俗)in the country that you are going to. Learn about the money, bring some of it with you.
( )5. After the fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rst few weeks abroad, many students will feel a little homesick(想家)·They may miss their family，friends，and familiar ways of doing things. Remember that it takes time to get used to a new place，school，and culture. When you feel sad or homesick，try to talk to others，or write about your feelings in a notebook.
A.Once you are in another country
B. Why study in another country
C. So many students choose to study abroad
D. Making the right choice
E. How to get a passport and visa
F. Getting ready.
【解题技巧】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍出国留学的相关事项。
1. C主旨大意题。由此段第一句“Eve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry year, thousands of students choose to study in another country for a term, the summer, or a year.’，(每年，成千上万的学生选择在其他国家学习一个学期，一个夏天或一年。)，可见有许多学生选择留学，所以选择答案C
2. B主旨大意题。本段阐述了留学的许多好处，是对为何留学的回答，所以选择答案”。
3. D主旨大意题。此段第一句“Onc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e you decide to study abroad，you have to make choices.”点明中心思想一旦你决定留学，你得作出(正确的)选择，所以选D
4.F主旨大意题。本段都在阐述留学前的准备工作，比如准备好护照和签证，走之前，学习一些语言，了解一些常见习俗等。所以选F,
5.A主旨大意题。根据本段第一句“After ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the first few weeks abroad，many students will feel a little homesick(想家).” (在国外的最初几周，很多同学会觉得有点儿想家。) 可知选A
【方法点拨】如何做阅读理解题:
1.略读全文，掌握主旨大意。略 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )读时要持别注意短文的首段、首句或末句。一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关健词语的主旨以及主要信息的分布，便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布，再答题时就心中有数了。
2.推测词义，注意要点内容。阅读中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不要过分推敲语言点，.要捕捉每段乃至整篇文章的提纲，对于文章中出现的生词或看不懂的句子.可以根据上下文进行推测。
3.寻读。掌握短文的主旨大意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之后，应认真阅读题目，准确理解提议及其范围，带着问题到短文中寻找相关答案。一般的事实题可直接从文中找出答案。但也要认真斟的，透过表层结构、领会其深层含义。而较为深层次的逻辑推理判断题，则需要在对全文理解的基础上进行。因此.做这类题切忌掺杂主观因素。
4.复读审核。初次答完题后，要对照短文内容对所选答案通盘审核，反复斟的，做出修正，以减少错误疏漏