(共32张PPT)
第二部分 语法精研
专题一 名词
命题点一 可数名词
1. 可数名词变复数的规则变化
变化方法 例词
一般可数名词,加-s tree→trees, card→cards
以s,x,sh,ch结尾的可数名词,加-es box→boxes, bus→buses,
watch→watches
变化方法 例词
以元音字母+y结尾的可数名词,
加-s;以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,变y为i, 再加-es day→days, monkey→monkeys;
country→countries, story→stories
以f/fe结尾的可数名词变f/fe为v,
再加-es knife→knives, wife→wives
变化方法 例词
以辅音字母+o
结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的,词尾加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes
以辅音字母+o
结尾的可数名词 表示无生命的,词尾加-s piano→pianos, photo→photos
2. 可数名词变复数的不规则变化
变化方法 例词
oo→ee foot→feet, goose→geese,
tooth→teeth
man→men woman→women,
policeman→policemen
词尾加(r)en child→children, ox→oxen
单复数同形 sheep→sheep, deer→deer
特殊变化 mouse→mice
1. 复合名词的复数形式
变化方法 例词
复合词中的主体变复数 passer-by→passers-by
如无主体则在词尾加-s grown-up→grown-ups
名词作定语,一般用单数 a boy student, computer games
名词作定语,个别用复数 sports meeting
man和woman作定语时,其本身的
单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数形式一致 a man teacher→men teachers
a woman cook→women cooks
2. “国人”变复数
顺口溜:中日不变(Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese),英法变
(Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen),其余-s加后边
(American→Americans, German→Germans)。
3. 常以复数形式出现的名词
词
汇 clothes trousers glasses shoes socks jeans shorts scissors chopsticks goods
词
义 衣服 裤子 眼镜 鞋 袜子 牛仔裤 短裤 剪刀 筷子 商品
小试身手
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
man child kind photo monkey parent
Animals are our friends. We can find different 1. of animals
in different places. Some animals live in big woods. And some animals live
with 2. in villages or towns. It is Saturday today. Laura’s
3. take her to the zoo near their home. Laura likes animals a
kinds
men/man
parents
lot. The 4. from Africa are very cute. They jump and walk on
two legs. The lions and tigers are scary. Laura takes some 5. of
the animals. The family has a good time there. Zoos are always good places
for 6. to learn about animals outside the classroom.
monkeys
photos
children
命题点二 不可数名词
知识必备 不可数名词所表示的事物不能用数来计算,没有形式变化,
不能用a/an来修饰,也不能用数词来修饰,可以用a lot of, lots of,
much, some, any, a little, little, plenty of, a bit of, a great deal
of, a large/small amount of等修饰。不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用
单数。
类别 示例
物质 名词 液体 water, milk, tea, coffee, soup, juice
气体 air
食物 bread, rice, meat, sugar
自然物质 sunshine, sand, wood, soil
其他 money, rubbish
1. 常见的不可数名词
类别 示例
抽象 名词 情感 joy, happiness, excitement, surprise, fun
学科 geography, science, physics, math
其他 advice, information, news, weather,
music, work, time, housework,
homework, knowledge, pollution
2. 不可数名词量的表示
用法 句式 示例
具体的量 数词+表计量的名词+of+不
可数名词 a piece of advice
two bottles of water
大概的量 much/little/a little/some/a lot
of/the rest of+不可数名词 some bread
the rest of homework
3. 有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,但意义不同。如:
名词 可数名词词义 不可数名词词义 名词 可数名词
词义 不可数名词
词义
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 work 作品 工作
orange 橙子 橙汁 light 电灯 光线
名词 可数名词词义 不可数名词词义 名词 可数名词
词义 不可数名词
词义
paper 报纸;文件;
考卷 纸 wood 树林 木头
room 房间 空间 exercise 习题;锻
炼 运动
time 次数;倍数 时间 experience 经历 经验
小试身手
根据括号内所给提示完成句子。
1. It’s dangerous for us to give out
(太多个人信息) on the Internet.
2. (花很多时间玩
电脑游戏) is bad for your eyes.
3. (2024·遂宁)In the past 9 years, Li Jin has made great efforts to
protect the waters of Sanya. He is now
(传播环保知识).
too much personal information
Spending a lot of time playing computer games
spreading the knowledge of
environmental protection
1. 专有名词
专有名词用来表示特定的人、物、机构、场所等,其首字母须大
写。常见的专有名词详见“图解语法”。 需要注意的是:
(1)专有名词有时可以转化为普通名词。如:
A Mr.Green called just now.刚才有位格林先生打来电话。
There are three Johns in this class.这个班里有三个叫约翰的人。
(2)姓氏的前面加定冠词“the”,在后面加“-s”,表示“一家人”。如:
The Blacks have moved away.布莱克一家已经搬走了。
(3)有些专有名词表面上看是复数形式,但在使用中,谓语动词采用
单数形式。如:
The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是在1945年成立的。
2. 名词所有格的用法
形式 用法 示例
’s所
有格 有生命的名词所有格,在单数名词和不以“s”结尾的复数名词词尾加’s,在以“s”结尾的复数名词词尾加’ the boy’s这个男孩的
the boys’这些男孩的
’s 所
有
格 表示几个人共同拥有某物时,只需在最后一个人名后加’s;表示各自所有时,则需在每个人名后都加’s Jim and Tom’s room (共同所有)Jim’s and Tom’s rooms (各自所有)
形式 用法 示例
’s 所
有
格 表示“某人的店铺”“某人的
家”“诊所”“办公室”等的名词所有格后,一般省略表示地点的名词 at the doctor’s在诊所
go to my uncle’s去我叔叔家
表示时间、距离、团体、城市、国家和某些无生命事物的名词,也可在词尾加’s构成所有格 today’s homework 今天的
作业
China’s population 中国的
人口
形式 用法 示例
of所有格 表示无生命事物的名词一般用of所有格 a leg of the table 桌子的一条腿
of所有格有时也可以用于人或有生命的事物,表示所属关系,特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语时 the name of the brave young man这个勇敢的年轻人的名字
形式 用法 示例
双重所
有格 of+名词’s a photo of Lily’s丽莉的一张照片
of+名词性物主代词 a new friend of mine 我的一个新朋友
以下是李华的一篇习作,其中有六处错误,请找出并进行改正。
Dear Tom,
How are things going I can’t wait to tell you the good new that my
family will take a trip to England this winter. My father often says that it will be a good chances for me to experience English culture. The journey will be tiring and long. We will take a 12 hours flight. We will stay there for two week. Could you give me some advices on where to stay,
news
chance
12 hours’/12-hour
weeks
advice
what to eat and how to travel in such a short time I’ll be very grateful if you can provide me with some necessary informations. I’m sure your suggestions will make my visit comfortable and meaningful.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
information
用方框中所给词的适当形式完成语篇。
of idea chance painting student
work parents creative finger country
With peaceful music, He Sudan picked up sand and threw it onto a
drawing board. As her 1. moved, the sand turned into plants in
the garden, a girl behind a window and so on.
fingers
He Sudan has created many sand 2. about the 24 solar
terms (节气), which have helped spread knowledge about Chinese
culture to more people. And people have more 3. to understand
solar terms.
paintings
chances
He Sudan started to show her talent for painting when she was a child.
At the age of 15, she went to university successfully. One day, her teacher asked all the 4. in class to use different things to create a short movie. She came up with the 5. of creating sand paintings, which received a lot of praise. After that, she decided to let more people know about this art. With her 6. help, she has made great progress in sand painting.
students
idea
parents’
After graduation, she travelled to different 7. to give
performances. “I have achieved my dream 8. bringing the
traditional Chinese sand art to the world. Although it is not enough, I will
continue to create more 9. in the future,” she said. Now she
begins to use AI to make more great sand pictures.
Through her hard work and 10. , He Sudan has passed
down the valuable Chinese culture and art. Her sand paintings are wonderful
examples of how art can be used to carry on our culture.
countries
of
works
creativity