2024-2025学年学年河南省许昌市高二上学期期中模拟测试英语试题（word版含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024-2025学年学年河南省许昌市高二上学期期中模拟测试英语试题（word版含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 52.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-12 18:37:28 | ||
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2024-2025学年学年河南省许昌市高二上学期期中模拟测试英语试题第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Join a Zion National Park ranger (护林人) to learn about what makes Zion National Park unique. Programs are free and created for classrooms and individuals. We connect to your school or home through a free web-based program. You will be provided with a link to the video conference ahead of time via an email invite. Registration is open! Click on the program below for more information.
Program 1—Chat with a Ranger
In Chat with a Ranger, students learn about Zion National Park, the park service, and the life of a ranger. Students prepare and send questions ahead of time. This program can be adapted to fit different curriculum objectives, and is appropriate for any age group.
Program 2—Pollination Investigation
In this distance learning program, students will discover what pollination is and how important it is to all ecosystems. Looking at the relationship between plants and pollinators, participants will see how they have influenced each other and will be challenged to create their own perfect pollinator.
Program 3—Whooo’s in the Canyon
Who left these clues behind here in the high canyons of Zion National Park A feather, small bones, and hoot hooting in the trees can be heard as your classroom goes on a virtual hike of Zion to discover the Mexican spotted owl. Learn it about how the owl uses its special adaptations to survive in this desert environment.
Program 4—The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion
This distance learning program focuses on the plants and animals that live in Zion's varying ecosystems. Students will learn about their adaptations and relationships to each other in this interactive lesson with a creative and critical thinking activity.
1. Which program requires participants to make preparations in advance
A. Chat with a Ranger. B. Pollination Investigation.
C. Whooo's in the Canyon D. The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion.
2. What can participants learn from program 3
A. Survival strategies taken by owls in the park. B. Ways to prepare a hike tour in the park.
C. Threats brought by the desert environment. D. A variety of ecosystems in Zion National Park.
3. What do the listed programs have in common
A. They involve interactive activities.
B. They include a virtual tour of different trails.
C. They are accessible through web-based program.
D. They require participants to visit the park in person.
B
On a hot June day in 2015, I retired after 34 years of teaching high school. Then, I drove to meet my new piano teacher, Mark.
I had worked for more than three decades as a busy English teacher with an endless stream of papers to mark and precious little time to experiment or learn new skills. I was determined to make up for all I had been missing. I wanted to finally master the piano and learn how to make music.
I told Mark I had a specific concrete goal: to play Clair de lune by Claude Debussy, a piece I remember hearing from early childhood.
Determined that there would be a day when I would totally master this piece, I set myself a deadline: I would perform before a gathering of friends on my 60th birthday. For months I did nothing but furiously (猛烈地) practise. When the day came, around 30 friends and relatives crowded into my dining room to hear me play, and aside from a few minor slips, I managed to pull it off without embarrassing myself. People clapped warmly. I made it. I had risen to a challenge, but I still didn’t feel that I was really “making music”.
After that, my progress was painfully slow. I had come to hate hearing myself play music badly. I got no pleasure from the act of missing notes.
I began focusing on what few things I could do: gardening and cycling. I came to understand that I didn’t have to be that man I’d always thought I ought to be. I could just do what feels good. So, after nearly five years of lessons, I quit.
I still love music; I regularly go out to concerts. But now my piano does nothing more than sit silently in my dining room, displaying family photos and collecting dust. And I’m perfectly happy with that.
4. Why did the author learn the piano after retiring from teaching
A. To impress his friends and relatives. B. To avoid the boredom of retirement.
C. To start a new career as a concert pianist. D. To pursue a long-time passion for music.
5. What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A. The author attended a concert of piano music.
B. The author performed successfully despite a few errors.
C. The author felt embarrassed about his piano performance.
D. The author quit his piano immediately after his 60th birthday.
6. What does the author do with his piano now
A. He uses it for music lessons. B. He uses it for performance.
C. He uses it for something unrelated to music. D. He plays it for personal enjoyment occasionally.
7. Which of the following can best describe the author
A. Inner- directed and hardworking. B. Conventional and careless.
C. Ambitious and kind-hearted. D. Lazy and pessimistic.
C
When it comes to diatoms (硅藻类) that live in the ocean, new research suggests that photosynthesis (光合作用) is not the only strategy for accumulating carbon. Instead, these single-celled are also building biomass by feeding directly on organic carbon in the ocean.
These new findings could lead researchers to reduce their estimate of how much carbon dioxide diatoms pull out of the air via photosynthesis, which in turn, could take a much closer look at the understanding of the global carbon cycle, which is especially relevant given the changing climate. The new findings were published in Science Advances on July 17, 2024.
The team showed that the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, which is found in oceans around the world, regularly performs a mix of both photosynthesis and direct eating of carbon from organic sources such as plankton (浮游生物) . In more than 70% of the water samples the researchers analyzed from oceans around the world, the team found signs of simultaneous photosynthesis and direct organic carbon consumption from Cylindrotheca closterium. The team also showed that this diatom species can grow much faster when consuming organic carbon in addition to photosynthesis. Furthermore, the new research hinted at the possibility that specific species of bacteria are feeding organic carbon directly to a large percentage of these diatoms living all across the global ocean. This work is based on a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach that the team used to reveal the metabolism of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium.
The team’s new metabolic modeling data support recent lab experiments suggesting that some diatoms may rely on strategies other than photosynthesis to intake the carbon they need to survive, thrive and build biomass.
The UC San Diego led team is in the process of expanding the scope of the project to determine how widespread this non-photosynthetic activity is among other diatom species.
8. What’s new according to the research
A. The way of the diatom’s carbon accumulation. B. The impact of climate on diverse sea plants.
C. The procedure of exploring carbon. D. The system of building biomass.
9. What do the new findings make researchers more focus on
A. The causes of climate change. B. The grasp of the carbon cycle.
C. The bad effect of photosynthesis on diatoms. D. A rough estimate of the amount of carbon dioxide.
10. What do we know from paragraph 3
A. A large number of diatoms may feed on bacteria.
B. The diatom lives on plankton.
C. Water samples are key factors for the research.
D. Diatom species grow faster with sufficient sunlight
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Photosynthesis in Diatoms B. Plankton’s Role in Oceans
C. New Carbon Strategies in Diatoms D. Advances in Modeling Data
D
According to a report in 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that non-sugar sweeteners not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing the risk of diseases. The guideline came as a surprise. After all, the very purpose of non-sugar sweeteners-which contain little to no calories—is to help consumers control their weight and reduce their risk of disease by replacing sugar.
In its report, the WHO cited evidence that long-term use of non-sugar sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and death. How is it that non-sugar sweeteners are linked to the negative health effects they’re supposed to fend off
The WHO made its recommendation after reviewing hundreds of published studies. The problem is that the overwhelming majority of these studies are observational. In such studies, subjects tend to self-report their food intake, which might not guarantee inaccuracy. More importantly, observational studies cannot determine cause and effect. Are non-sugar sweeteners causing diabetes, or are people at risk of diabetes simply more likely to consume them Lastly, there are numerous variables that researchers can’t possibly control for in these studies that could influence the results.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) tell a different story about non-sugar sweeteners. These studies control for variables by randomly assigning people to either a treatment or control group, and they can determine cause and effect. They show that sweeteners modestly benefit weight loss and help control blood sugar, without the negative effects seen in observational research. The downside of RCTs is that they are shorter in duration, often lasting just a few months. So negative effects could appear after longer use and we wouldn’t be able to tell from these RCTs.
But we also can’t tell from observational studies which only measure correlation and not causality (因果关系) . Changing the current situation might be hard, though. RCTs are expensive and require recruiting participants, setting up diet plans, and regularly measuring subjects’ health outcomes.
For change to happen, it might need to start at the top, where science is funded Government agencies, which appropriate billions for research, should start prioritizing RCTs.
12. What do the underlined phrase “fend off” probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Put out. B. Defend against. C. Keep up. D. Count on.
13. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The WHO’s suggestions on observational studies.
B. The strategies to decide cause and effect in conducting studies.
C. The significance of controlling variables in observational studies.
D. The limitations of the observational studies in the WHO report.
14. What is a feature of RCTs according to the text
A. They cost little B. They tend to last long.
C. They can control variables and determine causality. D. They require participants to self-report related data
15. How should the government help RCTs
A. By making appropriate plans B. By providing financial support
C By raising people’s awareness of health D. By founding more related government agencies
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
To make science’s stories more concrete and engaging, it’s important to use some effective strategies. Here are four of them.
Put people in the story
Science’s stories often lack human characters. ___16___. Characters can be also people affected by a scientific topic, or interested in learning more about it. Besides, they can be storytellers who are sharing their personal experiences.
___17___
People often think of science as objective and fair. But science is actually a human practice that continuously involves choices, missteps and biases (偏见) . If you explain science as a course, you can walk people through the sequence of how science is done and why researchers reach certain conclusions. ___18___. And they can also stress the reason why people should trust the course of science to provide the most accurate conclusions possible given the available information.
Include what people care about
Scientific topics are important, but they may not always be the public’s most pressing concerns. In April 2024, a polling company found that “the quality of the environment” was one of the lowest-ranked priorities among people in the US. The stories about the environment could weave in connections to higher-priority topics. ___19___.
Tell science's stories
Scientists, of course, can be science communicators, but everyone can tell science’s stories. When we share information online about health, or talk to friends and family about the weather, we contribute to information that circulates about science topics. ___20___. Think about all of a story’s characteristics — character, action, sequence, scope, storyteller and content - and how you might incorporate them into the topic.
A. Explain science as a process
B Shoot attractive short science videos
C. Scientists themselves can actually become ideal ones
D. This practice is to stress why the content is important
E. You can tell growth stories of remarkable teenage scientists
F. Science communicators can emphasize how science is conducted
G. You may as well borrow features from stories to strengthen your message
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2018, Molly Baker unfortunately lost her husband in a severe skiing accident. She was ___21___ . In the first several weeks after his passing, her friends and family ___22___ a great deal of support. But after a while, the cards and meals started to ___23___ . “People had to get back to their normal ___24___ . And so things kind of dropped off,” Baker recalled.
That was when one of Baker's friends, Carla Vail, thought up a way to ___25___ the help for an entire year. She called it the “Calendar Girls”. Vail gathered the names of 31 of Baker's friends who wanted to help, and ___26___ each friend a particular day. Vail also gave Baker the names on the ___27___ , so Baker could know what to ___28___ each day.
“And what that looked like for them was that on that day, they would reach out to me in some ___29___ ways—maybe via text, or a card,” Baker said.
Looking back, Baker feels that Vail's ____30____ was essential to helping her cope with her husband's death, because she was ____31____ at that time.
“A lot of people are really uncomfortable around ____32____ ,” Baker said. “So what they do is, instead of doing something, that they ____33____ do nothing. It was nice to have that ‘Calendar Girls’ setup.”
Today, Baker tries to do something similar for her friends going through ____34____ . In hard times, she knows how ____35____ it is to have something to look forward to every day.
21. A. cautious B. unconscious C. desperate D. impassive
22. A. extended B. demanded C. announced D. assumed
23. A. pass down B. show up C. break up D. slow down
24. A. exercise B. routine C. diet D. growth
25. A. resist B. continue C. explain D. test
26. A. ordered B. sent C. owed D. assigned
27. A. furniture B. file C. calendar D. Internet
28. A. expect B. absorb C. propose D. define
29. A. rare B. strange C. specific D. generous
30 A. curiosity B. thoughtfulness C. ambition D. toughness
31. A. innocent B. optimistic C. tolerant D. lonely
32. A. panic B. evidence C. failure D. grief
33. A. simply B. hardly C. skillfully D. secretly
34. A. distraction B. addiction C. loss D. annoyance
35. A. amusing B. valuable C. astonishing D. universal
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the International Conference on Food Loss and Waste closed on Saturday in Jinan, Shandong Province, the country has sent a signal to ____36____ world that China will deal with issues concerning food security by reducing loss and waste in agriculture. With the theme of reducing food loss and food waste and promoting ____37____ (globe) food security, the three-day event ____38____ (hold) both online and offline attracted more than 300 participants.
The current world grain production is about 2.8 billion tons a year. Therefore, the loss of only one percentage ____39____ (be) equal to the loss of 28 million tons of food. This can feed about 70 million people.
In recent years, China ____40____ (make) great progress in controlling loss and waste in food, with main efforts including upgrading facilities and ____41____ (equip). In Shandong Province, China’s major grain producer, the Sinograin (中粮集团) grain storage site is equipped with 4,500 high-definition cameras and 280,000 temperature sensors ____42____ (ensure) that the stock (储备) is in the best condition. Data shows that during China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) , about 13 million tons of food had been saved ____43____ (year) after production.
We cannot end hunger ____44____ we do not deal with the high levels of food loss and waste. Cooperation and innovations (创新) in business models, technologies and digital solutions could all contribute ____45____ reducing food loss and waste.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，暑假期间观看了巴黎奥运会大众组业余选手马拉松赛，你萌生了晨跑锻炼的想法。请给你校酷爱跑步的外教Mr. Brown写一封邮件，邀请他一起晨跑，内容包括：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 告知安排（晨跑的时间、地点）；
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：大众组马拉松赛 Mass Participation Marathon
Dear Mr. Brown,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was last August. We were on vacation, just me, my husband, and our two kids, out for a nice, safe, socially distanced week away. We went to a popular place called Diana's Baths, where the water falls off a series of flat rocks up the mountain. The baths were full of families, so we made our way to one of the upper levels of rock to keep our distance.
Both where we sat and down below, the water fell down and into small pools, where kids in swimsuits were playing water around. I was frightened as I saw my two boys jump between the smooth rocks. I told them to stay away from all those edges. But I soon relaxed, and we were all having fun, laughing in the pools.
Suddenly, I turned and saw my son Wyatt sitting down between two rocks in fast-moving water. I shouted at him to get out. He called back something that I couldn't hear, and then he disappeared over the edge. All I remember from the moments after was screaming, over and over, like a prayer, “Somebody help my son!” I didn't even know what help he needed, because I couldn't force myself to look.
My husband was already jumping down the rocks. I finally looked. Wyatt was sitting up-he was alive. My biggest fear was gone. As I held my younger son, Jed, close, I heard another woman scream. “That child just went over the waterfall!” she shouted at her husband. “We are leaving!” They walked away, never even looking back to see whether our child was OK.
It was about 4 meters from the top of the waterfall to the pool below, which was filled with huge rocks. Wyatt had fallen on his back, straight onto the rocks. That's what Lisa told us. We didn't know her name was Lisa at that point. All we knew was that while everyone else looked on from a distance, too afraid or unbothered to help, Lisa didn't hesitate.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Later, Lisa told me that she was a nurse.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The rescue team finally came.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Join a Zion National Park ranger (护林人) to learn about what makes Zion National Park unique. Programs are free and created for classrooms and individuals. We connect to your school or home through a free web-based program. You will be provided with a link to the video conference ahead of time via an email invite. Registration is open! Click on the program below for more information.
Program 1—Chat with a Ranger
In Chat with a Ranger, students learn about Zion National Park, the park service, and the life of a ranger. Students prepare and send questions ahead of time. This program can be adapted to fit different curriculum objectives, and is appropriate for any age group.
Program 2—Pollination Investigation
In this distance learning program, students will discover what pollination is and how important it is to all ecosystems. Looking at the relationship between plants and pollinators, participants will see how they have influenced each other and will be challenged to create their own perfect pollinator.
Program 3—Whooo’s in the Canyon
Who left these clues behind here in the high canyons of Zion National Park A feather, small bones, and hoot hooting in the trees can be heard as your classroom goes on a virtual hike of Zion to discover the Mexican spotted owl. Learn it about how the owl uses its special adaptations to survive in this desert environment.
Program 4—The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion
This distance learning program focuses on the plants and animals that live in Zion's varying ecosystems. Students will learn about their adaptations and relationships to each other in this interactive lesson with a creative and critical thinking activity.
1. Which program requires participants to make preparations in advance
A. Chat with a Ranger. B. Pollination Investigation.
C. Whooo's in the Canyon D. The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion.
2. What can participants learn from program 3
A. Survival strategies taken by owls in the park. B. Ways to prepare a hike tour in the park.
C. Threats brought by the desert environment. D. A variety of ecosystems in Zion National Park.
3. What do the listed programs have in common
A. They involve interactive activities.
B. They include a virtual tour of different trails.
C. They are accessible through web-based program.
D. They require participants to visit the park in person.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
B
On a hot June day in 2015, I retired after 34 years of teaching high school. Then, I drove to meet my new piano teacher, Mark.
I had worked for more than three decades as a busy English teacher with an endless stream of papers to mark and precious little time to experiment or learn new skills. I was determined to make up for all I had been missing. I wanted to finally master the piano and learn how to make music.
I told Mark I had a specific concrete goal: to play Clair de lune by Claude Debussy, a piece I remember hearing from early childhood.
Determined that there would be a day when I would totally master this piece, I set myself a deadline: I would perform before a gathering of friends on my 60th birthday. For months I did nothing but furiously (猛烈地) practise. When the day came, around 30 friends and relatives crowded into my dining room to hear me play, and aside from a few minor slips, I managed to pull it off without embarrassing myself. People clapped warmly. I made it. I had risen to a challenge, but I still didn’t feel that I was really “making music”.
After that, my progress was painfully slow. I had come to hate hearing myself play music badly. I got no pleasure from the act of missing notes.
I began focusing on what few things I could do: gardening and cycling. I came to understand that I didn’t have to be that man I’d always thought I ought to be. I could just do what feels good. So, after nearly five years of lessons, I quit.
I still love music; I regularly go out to concerts. But now my piano does nothing more than sit silently in my dining room, displaying family photos and collecting dust. And I’m perfectly happy with that.
4. Why did the author learn the piano after retiring from teaching
A. To impress his friends and relatives. B. To avoid the boredom of retirement.
C. To start a new career as a concert pianist. D. To pursue a long-time passion for music.
5. What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A. The author attended a concert of piano music.
B The author performed successfully despite a few errors.
C. The author felt embarrassed about his piano performance.
D. The author quit his piano immediately after his 60th birthday.
6. What does the author do with his piano now
A. He uses it for music lessons. B. He uses it for performance.
C. He uses it for something unrelated to music. D. He plays it for personal enjoyment occasionally.
7. Which of the following can best describe the author
A. Inner- directed and hardworking. B. Conventional and careless.
C. Ambitious and kind-hearted. D. Lazy and pessimistic.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A
C
When it comes to diatoms (硅藻类) that live in the ocean, new research suggests that photosynthesis (光合作用) is not the only strategy for accumulating carbon. Instead, these single-celled are also building biomass by feeding directly on organic carbon in the ocean.
These new findings could lead researchers to reduce their estimate of how much carbon dioxide diatoms pull out of the air via photosynthesis, which in turn, could take a much closer look at the understanding of the global carbon cycle, which is especially relevant given the changing climate. The new findings were published in Science Advances on July 17, 2024.
The team showed that the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, which is found in oceans around the world, regularly performs a mix of both photosynthesis and direct eating of carbon from organic sources such as plankton (浮游生物) . In more than 70% of the water samples the researchers analyzed from oceans around the world, the team found signs of simultaneous photosynthesis and direct organic carbon consumption from Cylindrotheca closterium. The team also showed that this diatom species can grow much faster when consuming organic carbon in addition to photosynthesis. Furthermore, the new research hinted at the possibility that specific species of bacteria are feeding organic carbon directly to a large percentage of these diatoms living all across the global ocean. This work is based on a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach that the team used to reveal the metabolism of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium.
The team’s new metabolic modeling data support recent lab experiments suggesting that some diatoms may rely on strategies other than photosynthesis to intake the carbon they need to survive, thrive and build biomass.
The UC San Diego led team is in the process of expanding the scope of the project to determine how widespread this non-photosynthetic activity is among other diatom species.
8. What’s new according to the research
A. The way of the diatom’s carbon accumulation. B. The impact of climate on diverse sea plants.
C. The procedure of exploring carbon. D. The system of building biomass.
9. What do the new findings make researchers more focus on
A. The causes of climate change. B. The grasp of the carbon cycle.
C. The bad effect of photosynthesis on diatoms. D. A rough estimate of the amount of carbon dioxide.
10. What do we know from paragraph 3
A. A large number of diatoms may feed on bacteria.
B. The diatom lives on plankton.
C. Water samples are key factors for the research.
D. Diatom species grow faster with sufficient sunlight
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Photosynthesis in Diatoms B. Plankton’s Role in Oceans
C. New Carbon Strategies in Diatoms D. Advances in Modeling Data
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C
D
According to a report in 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that non-sugar sweeteners not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing the risk of diseases. The guideline came as a surprise. After all, the very purpose of non-sugar sweeteners-which contain little to no calories—is to help consumers control their weight and reduce their risk of disease by replacing sugar.
In its report, the WHO cited evidence that long-term use of non-sugar sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and death. How is it that non-sugar sweeteners are linked to the negative health effects they’re supposed to fend off
The WHO made its recommendation after reviewing hundreds of published studies. The problem is that the overwhelming majority of these studies are observational. In such studies, subjects tend to self-report their food intake, which might not guarantee inaccuracy. More importantly, observational studies cannot determine cause and effect. Are non-sugar sweeteners causing diabetes, or are people at risk of diabetes simply more likely to consume them Lastly, there are numerous variables that researchers can’t possibly control for in these studies that could influence the results.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) tell a different story about non-sugar sweeteners. These studies control for variables by randomly assigning people to either a treatment or control group, and they can determine cause and effect. They show that sweeteners modestly benefit weight loss and help control blood sugar, without the negative effects seen in observational research. The downside of RCTs is that they are shorter in duration, often lasting just a few months. So negative effects could appear after longer use and we wouldn’t be able to tell from these RCTs.
But we also can’t tell from observational studies, which only measure correlation and not causality (因果关系) . Changing the current situation might be hard, though. RCTs are expensive and require recruiting participants, setting up diet plans, and regularly measuring subjects’ health outcomes.
For change to happen, it might need to start at the top, where science is funded Government agencies, which appropriate billions for research, should start prioritizing RCTs.
12. What do the underlined phrase “fend off” probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Put out. B. Defend against. C. Keep up. D. Count on.
13. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The WHO’s suggestions on observational studies.
B. The strategies to decide cause and effect in conducting studies.
C. The significance of controlling variables in observational studies.
D. The limitations of the observational studies in the WHO report.
14. What is a feature of RCTs according to the text
A. They cost little B. They tend to last long.
C. They can control variables and determine causality. D. They require participants to self-report related data
15. How should the government help RCTs
A. By making appropriate plans B. By providing financial support
C. By raising people’s awareness of health D. By founding more related government agencies
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
To make science’s stories more concrete and engaging, it’s important to use some effective strategies. Here are four of them.
Put people in the story
Science’s stories often lack human characters. ___16___. Characters can be also people affected by a scientific topic, or interested in learning more about it. Besides, they can be storytellers who are sharing their personal experiences.
___17___
People often think of science as objective and fair. But science is actually a human practice that continuously involves choices, missteps and biases (偏见) . If you explain science as a course, you can walk people through the sequence of how science is done and why researchers reach certain conclusions. ___18___. And they can also stress the reason why people should trust the course of science to provide the most accurate conclusions possible given the available information.
Include what people care about
Scientific topics are important, but they may not always be the public’s most pressing concerns. In April 2024, a polling company found that “the quality of the environment” was one of the lowest-ranked priorities among people in the US. The stories about the environment could weave in connections to higher-priority topics. ___19___.
Tell science's stories
Scientists, of course, can be science communicators, but everyone can tell science’s stories. When we share information online about health, or talk to friends and family about the weather, we contribute to information that circulates about science topics. ___20___. Think about all of a story’s characteristics — character, action, sequence, scope, storyteller and content - and how you might incorporate them into the topic.
A. Explain science as a process
B. Shoot attractive short science videos
C. Scientists themselves can actually become ideal ones
D. This practice is to stress why the content is important
E. You can tell growth stories of remarkable teenage scientists
F. Science communicators can emphasize how science is conducted
G. You may as well borrow features from stories to strengthen your message
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. F 19. D 20. G
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2018, Molly Baker unfortunately lost her husband in a severe skiing accident. She was ___21___ . In the first several weeks after his passing, her friends and family ___22___ a great deal of support. But after a while, the cards and meals started to ___23___ . “People had to get back to their normal ___24___ . And so things kind of dropped off,” Baker recalled.
That was when one of Baker's friends, Carla Vail, thought up a way to ___25___ the help for an entire year. She called it the “Calendar Girls”. Vail gathered the names of 31 of Baker's friends who wanted to help, and ___26___ each friend a particular day. Vail also gave Baker the names on the ___27___ , so Baker could know what to ___28___ each day.
“And what that looked like for them was that on that day, they would reach out to me in some ___29___ ways—maybe via text, or a card,” Baker said.
Looking back, Baker feels that Vail's ____30____ was essential to helping her cope with her husband's death, because she was ____31____ at that time.
“A lot of people are really uncomfortable around ____32____ ,” Baker said. “So what they do is, instead of doing something, that they ____33____ do nothing. It was nice to have that ‘Calendar Girls’ setup.”
Today, Baker tries to do something similar for her friends going through ____34____ . In hard times, she knows how ____35____ it is to have something to look forward to every day.
21. A. cautious B. unconscious C. desperate D. impassive
22. A. extended B. demanded C. announced D. assumed
23. A. pass down B. show up C. break up D. slow down
24. A. exercise B. routine C. diet D. growth
25. A. resist B. continue C. explain D. test
26. A. ordered B. sent C. owed D. assigned
27. A. furniture B. file C. calendar D. Internet
28. A. expect B. absorb C. propose D. define
29. A. rare B. strange C. specific D. generous
30. A. curiosity B. thoughtfulness C. ambition D. toughness
31. A. innocent B. optimistic C. tolerant D. lonely
32. A. panic B. evidence C. failure D. grief
33. A. simply B. hardly C. skillfully D. secretly
34. A. distraction B. addiction C. loss D. annoyance
35. A. amusing B. valuable C. astonishing D. universal
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the International Conference on Food Loss and Waste closed on Saturday in Jinan, Shandong Province, the country has sent a signal to ____36____ world that China will deal with issues concerning food security by reducing loss and waste in agriculture. With the theme of reducing food loss and food waste and promoting ____37____ (globe) food security, the three-day event ____38____ (hold) both online and offline attracted more than 300 participants.
The current world grain production is about 2.8 billion tons a year. Therefore, the loss of only one percentage ____39____ (be) equal to the loss of 28 million tons of food. This can feed about 70 million people.
In recent years, China ____40____ (make) great progress in controlling loss and waste in food, with main efforts including upgrading facilities and ____41____ (equip). In Shandong Province, China’s major grain producer, the Sinograin (中粮集团) grain storage site is equipped with 4,500 high-definition cameras and 280,000 temperature sensors ____42____ (ensure) that the stock (储备) is in the best condition. Data shows that during China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) , about 13 million tons of food had been saved ____43____ (year) after production.
We cannot end hunger ____44____ we do not deal with the high levels of food loss and waste. Cooperation and innovations (创新) in business models, technologies and digital solutions could all contribute ____45____ reducing food loss and waste.
【答案】36. the
37. global 38. held
39. is 40. has made
41. equipment
42 to ensure
43. yearly 44. if##when
45. to
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，暑假期间观看了巴黎奥运会的大众组业余选手马拉松赛，你萌生了晨跑锻炼的想法。请给你校酷爱跑步的外教Mr. Brown写一封邮件，邀请他一起晨跑，内容包括：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 告知安排（晨跑的时间、地点）；
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：大众组马拉松赛 Mass Participation Marathon
Dear Mr. Brown,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Brown,
I hope this email finds you well. During the summer break, I watched the Mass Participation Marathon at the Paris Olympics, which inspired me to start morning runs for fitness. Knowing your passion for running, I thought it would be great if we could run together. We could meet at the school track at 6:30 am every weekday. It’s a beautiful spot to start the day with some exercise and fresh air.
Looking forward to your reply and the possibility of running alongside you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was last August. We were on vacation, just me, my husband, and our two kids, out for a nice, safe, socially distanced week away. We went to a popular place called Diana's Baths, where the water falls off a series of flat rocks up the mountain. The baths were full of families, so we made our way to one of the upper levels of rock to keep our distance.
Both where we sat and down below, the water fell down and into small pools, where kids in swimsuits were playing water around. I was frightened as I saw my two boys jump between the smooth rocks. I told them to stay away from all those edges. But I soon relaxed, and we were all having fun, laughing in the pools.
Suddenly, I turned and saw my son Wyatt sitting down between two rocks in fast-moving water. I shouted at him to get out. He called back something that I couldn't hear, and then he disappeared over the edge. All I remember from the moments after was screaming, over and over, like a prayer, “Somebody help my son!” I didn't even know what help he needed, because I couldn't force myself to look.
My husband was already jumping down the rocks. I finally looked. Wyatt was sitting up-he was alive. My biggest fear was gone. As I held my younger son, Jed, close, I heard another woman scream. “That child just went over the waterfall!” she shouted at her husband. “We are leaving!” They walked away, never even looking back to see whether our child was OK.
It was about 4 meters from the top of the waterfall to the pool below, which was filled with huge rocks. Wyatt had fallen on his back, straight onto the rocks. That's what Lisa told us. We didn't know her name was Lisa at that point. All we knew was that while everyone else looked on from a distance, too afraid or unbothered to help, Lisa didn't hesitate.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Later, Lisa told me that she was a nurse.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The rescue team finally came.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Later, Lisa told me that she was a nurse. In fact, by the time I climbed down the rocks and my husband pulled Wyatt out of the water, she had already called 911. She put a red, white, and blue towel under Wyatt's head. She told us to keep him still and on his back in case he had injured his bones. I finally had time to ask her name. “Lisa,” she said. “And I'm not leaving you.”
The rescue team finally came. They took Wyatt out of the park to the nearest hospital. Wyatt had three broken bones and a wound in lung—injuries that sound terrible but recover on their own. As soon as I knew that Wyatt was going to be OK, my thoughts fell to Lisa. If she had not stepped up, would someone else have done so Perhaps. But it was her. She was the one who went toward the unthinkable instead of turning away.
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Join a Zion National Park ranger (护林人) to learn about what makes Zion National Park unique. Programs are free and created for classrooms and individuals. We connect to your school or home through a free web-based program. You will be provided with a link to the video conference ahead of time via an email invite. Registration is open! Click on the program below for more information.
Program 1—Chat with a Ranger
In Chat with a Ranger, students learn about Zion National Park, the park service, and the life of a ranger. Students prepare and send questions ahead of time. This program can be adapted to fit different curriculum objectives, and is appropriate for any age group.
Program 2—Pollination Investigation
In this distance learning program, students will discover what pollination is and how important it is to all ecosystems. Looking at the relationship between plants and pollinators, participants will see how they have influenced each other and will be challenged to create their own perfect pollinator.
Program 3—Whooo’s in the Canyon
Who left these clues behind here in the high canyons of Zion National Park A feather, small bones, and hoot hooting in the trees can be heard as your classroom goes on a virtual hike of Zion to discover the Mexican spotted owl. Learn it about how the owl uses its special adaptations to survive in this desert environment.
Program 4—The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion
This distance learning program focuses on the plants and animals that live in Zion's varying ecosystems. Students will learn about their adaptations and relationships to each other in this interactive lesson with a creative and critical thinking activity.
1. Which program requires participants to make preparations in advance
A. Chat with a Ranger. B. Pollination Investigation.
C. Whooo's in the Canyon D. The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion.
2. What can participants learn from program 3
A. Survival strategies taken by owls in the park. B. Ways to prepare a hike tour in the park.
C. Threats brought by the desert environment. D. A variety of ecosystems in Zion National Park.
3. What do the listed programs have in common
A. They involve interactive activities.
B. They include a virtual tour of different trails.
C. They are accessible through web-based program.
D. They require participants to visit the park in person.
B
On a hot June day in 2015, I retired after 34 years of teaching high school. Then, I drove to meet my new piano teacher, Mark.
I had worked for more than three decades as a busy English teacher with an endless stream of papers to mark and precious little time to experiment or learn new skills. I was determined to make up for all I had been missing. I wanted to finally master the piano and learn how to make music.
I told Mark I had a specific concrete goal: to play Clair de lune by Claude Debussy, a piece I remember hearing from early childhood.
Determined that there would be a day when I would totally master this piece, I set myself a deadline: I would perform before a gathering of friends on my 60th birthday. For months I did nothing but furiously (猛烈地) practise. When the day came, around 30 friends and relatives crowded into my dining room to hear me play, and aside from a few minor slips, I managed to pull it off without embarrassing myself. People clapped warmly. I made it. I had risen to a challenge, but I still didn’t feel that I was really “making music”.
After that, my progress was painfully slow. I had come to hate hearing myself play music badly. I got no pleasure from the act of missing notes.
I began focusing on what few things I could do: gardening and cycling. I came to understand that I didn’t have to be that man I’d always thought I ought to be. I could just do what feels good. So, after nearly five years of lessons, I quit.
I still love music; I regularly go out to concerts. But now my piano does nothing more than sit silently in my dining room, displaying family photos and collecting dust. And I’m perfectly happy with that.
4. Why did the author learn the piano after retiring from teaching
A. To impress his friends and relatives. B. To avoid the boredom of retirement.
C. To start a new career as a concert pianist. D. To pursue a long-time passion for music.
5. What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A. The author attended a concert of piano music.
B. The author performed successfully despite a few errors.
C. The author felt embarrassed about his piano performance.
D. The author quit his piano immediately after his 60th birthday.
6. What does the author do with his piano now
A. He uses it for music lessons. B. He uses it for performance.
C. He uses it for something unrelated to music. D. He plays it for personal enjoyment occasionally.
7. Which of the following can best describe the author
A. Inner- directed and hardworking. B. Conventional and careless.
C. Ambitious and kind-hearted. D. Lazy and pessimistic.
C
When it comes to diatoms (硅藻类) that live in the ocean, new research suggests that photosynthesis (光合作用) is not the only strategy for accumulating carbon. Instead, these single-celled are also building biomass by feeding directly on organic carbon in the ocean.
These new findings could lead researchers to reduce their estimate of how much carbon dioxide diatoms pull out of the air via photosynthesis, which in turn, could take a much closer look at the understanding of the global carbon cycle, which is especially relevant given the changing climate. The new findings were published in Science Advances on July 17, 2024.
The team showed that the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, which is found in oceans around the world, regularly performs a mix of both photosynthesis and direct eating of carbon from organic sources such as plankton (浮游生物) . In more than 70% of the water samples the researchers analyzed from oceans around the world, the team found signs of simultaneous photosynthesis and direct organic carbon consumption from Cylindrotheca closterium. The team also showed that this diatom species can grow much faster when consuming organic carbon in addition to photosynthesis. Furthermore, the new research hinted at the possibility that specific species of bacteria are feeding organic carbon directly to a large percentage of these diatoms living all across the global ocean. This work is based on a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach that the team used to reveal the metabolism of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium.
The team’s new metabolic modeling data support recent lab experiments suggesting that some diatoms may rely on strategies other than photosynthesis to intake the carbon they need to survive, thrive and build biomass.
The UC San Diego led team is in the process of expanding the scope of the project to determine how widespread this non-photosynthetic activity is among other diatom species.
8. What’s new according to the research
A. The way of the diatom’s carbon accumulation. B. The impact of climate on diverse sea plants.
C. The procedure of exploring carbon. D. The system of building biomass.
9. What do the new findings make researchers more focus on
A. The causes of climate change. B. The grasp of the carbon cycle.
C. The bad effect of photosynthesis on diatoms. D. A rough estimate of the amount of carbon dioxide.
10. What do we know from paragraph 3
A. A large number of diatoms may feed on bacteria.
B. The diatom lives on plankton.
C. Water samples are key factors for the research.
D. Diatom species grow faster with sufficient sunlight
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Photosynthesis in Diatoms B. Plankton’s Role in Oceans
C. New Carbon Strategies in Diatoms D. Advances in Modeling Data
D
According to a report in 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that non-sugar sweeteners not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing the risk of diseases. The guideline came as a surprise. After all, the very purpose of non-sugar sweeteners-which contain little to no calories—is to help consumers control their weight and reduce their risk of disease by replacing sugar.
In its report, the WHO cited evidence that long-term use of non-sugar sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and death. How is it that non-sugar sweeteners are linked to the negative health effects they’re supposed to fend off
The WHO made its recommendation after reviewing hundreds of published studies. The problem is that the overwhelming majority of these studies are observational. In such studies, subjects tend to self-report their food intake, which might not guarantee inaccuracy. More importantly, observational studies cannot determine cause and effect. Are non-sugar sweeteners causing diabetes, or are people at risk of diabetes simply more likely to consume them Lastly, there are numerous variables that researchers can’t possibly control for in these studies that could influence the results.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) tell a different story about non-sugar sweeteners. These studies control for variables by randomly assigning people to either a treatment or control group, and they can determine cause and effect. They show that sweeteners modestly benefit weight loss and help control blood sugar, without the negative effects seen in observational research. The downside of RCTs is that they are shorter in duration, often lasting just a few months. So negative effects could appear after longer use and we wouldn’t be able to tell from these RCTs.
But we also can’t tell from observational studies which only measure correlation and not causality (因果关系) . Changing the current situation might be hard, though. RCTs are expensive and require recruiting participants, setting up diet plans, and regularly measuring subjects’ health outcomes.
For change to happen, it might need to start at the top, where science is funded Government agencies, which appropriate billions for research, should start prioritizing RCTs.
12. What do the underlined phrase “fend off” probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Put out. B. Defend against. C. Keep up. D. Count on.
13. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The WHO’s suggestions on observational studies.
B. The strategies to decide cause and effect in conducting studies.
C. The significance of controlling variables in observational studies.
D. The limitations of the observational studies in the WHO report.
14. What is a feature of RCTs according to the text
A. They cost little B. They tend to last long.
C. They can control variables and determine causality. D. They require participants to self-report related data
15. How should the government help RCTs
A. By making appropriate plans B. By providing financial support
C By raising people’s awareness of health D. By founding more related government agencies
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
To make science’s stories more concrete and engaging, it’s important to use some effective strategies. Here are four of them.
Put people in the story
Science’s stories often lack human characters. ___16___. Characters can be also people affected by a scientific topic, or interested in learning more about it. Besides, they can be storytellers who are sharing their personal experiences.
___17___
People often think of science as objective and fair. But science is actually a human practice that continuously involves choices, missteps and biases (偏见) . If you explain science as a course, you can walk people through the sequence of how science is done and why researchers reach certain conclusions. ___18___. And they can also stress the reason why people should trust the course of science to provide the most accurate conclusions possible given the available information.
Include what people care about
Scientific topics are important, but they may not always be the public’s most pressing concerns. In April 2024, a polling company found that “the quality of the environment” was one of the lowest-ranked priorities among people in the US. The stories about the environment could weave in connections to higher-priority topics. ___19___.
Tell science's stories
Scientists, of course, can be science communicators, but everyone can tell science’s stories. When we share information online about health, or talk to friends and family about the weather, we contribute to information that circulates about science topics. ___20___. Think about all of a story’s characteristics — character, action, sequence, scope, storyteller and content - and how you might incorporate them into the topic.
A. Explain science as a process
B Shoot attractive short science videos
C. Scientists themselves can actually become ideal ones
D. This practice is to stress why the content is important
E. You can tell growth stories of remarkable teenage scientists
F. Science communicators can emphasize how science is conducted
G. You may as well borrow features from stories to strengthen your message
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2018, Molly Baker unfortunately lost her husband in a severe skiing accident. She was ___21___ . In the first several weeks after his passing, her friends and family ___22___ a great deal of support. But after a while, the cards and meals started to ___23___ . “People had to get back to their normal ___24___ . And so things kind of dropped off,” Baker recalled.
That was when one of Baker's friends, Carla Vail, thought up a way to ___25___ the help for an entire year. She called it the “Calendar Girls”. Vail gathered the names of 31 of Baker's friends who wanted to help, and ___26___ each friend a particular day. Vail also gave Baker the names on the ___27___ , so Baker could know what to ___28___ each day.
“And what that looked like for them was that on that day, they would reach out to me in some ___29___ ways—maybe via text, or a card,” Baker said.
Looking back, Baker feels that Vail's ____30____ was essential to helping her cope with her husband's death, because she was ____31____ at that time.
“A lot of people are really uncomfortable around ____32____ ,” Baker said. “So what they do is, instead of doing something, that they ____33____ do nothing. It was nice to have that ‘Calendar Girls’ setup.”
Today, Baker tries to do something similar for her friends going through ____34____ . In hard times, she knows how ____35____ it is to have something to look forward to every day.
21. A. cautious B. unconscious C. desperate D. impassive
22. A. extended B. demanded C. announced D. assumed
23. A. pass down B. show up C. break up D. slow down
24. A. exercise B. routine C. diet D. growth
25. A. resist B. continue C. explain D. test
26. A. ordered B. sent C. owed D. assigned
27. A. furniture B. file C. calendar D. Internet
28. A. expect B. absorb C. propose D. define
29. A. rare B. strange C. specific D. generous
30 A. curiosity B. thoughtfulness C. ambition D. toughness
31. A. innocent B. optimistic C. tolerant D. lonely
32. A. panic B. evidence C. failure D. grief
33. A. simply B. hardly C. skillfully D. secretly
34. A. distraction B. addiction C. loss D. annoyance
35. A. amusing B. valuable C. astonishing D. universal
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the International Conference on Food Loss and Waste closed on Saturday in Jinan, Shandong Province, the country has sent a signal to ____36____ world that China will deal with issues concerning food security by reducing loss and waste in agriculture. With the theme of reducing food loss and food waste and promoting ____37____ (globe) food security, the three-day event ____38____ (hold) both online and offline attracted more than 300 participants.
The current world grain production is about 2.8 billion tons a year. Therefore, the loss of only one percentage ____39____ (be) equal to the loss of 28 million tons of food. This can feed about 70 million people.
In recent years, China ____40____ (make) great progress in controlling loss and waste in food, with main efforts including upgrading facilities and ____41____ (equip). In Shandong Province, China’s major grain producer, the Sinograin (中粮集团) grain storage site is equipped with 4,500 high-definition cameras and 280,000 temperature sensors ____42____ (ensure) that the stock (储备) is in the best condition. Data shows that during China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) , about 13 million tons of food had been saved ____43____ (year) after production.
We cannot end hunger ____44____ we do not deal with the high levels of food loss and waste. Cooperation and innovations (创新) in business models, technologies and digital solutions could all contribute ____45____ reducing food loss and waste.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，暑假期间观看了巴黎奥运会大众组业余选手马拉松赛，你萌生了晨跑锻炼的想法。请给你校酷爱跑步的外教Mr. Brown写一封邮件，邀请他一起晨跑，内容包括：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 告知安排（晨跑的时间、地点）；
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：大众组马拉松赛 Mass Participation Marathon
Dear Mr. Brown,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was last August. We were on vacation, just me, my husband, and our two kids, out for a nice, safe, socially distanced week away. We went to a popular place called Diana's Baths, where the water falls off a series of flat rocks up the mountain. The baths were full of families, so we made our way to one of the upper levels of rock to keep our distance.
Both where we sat and down below, the water fell down and into small pools, where kids in swimsuits were playing water around. I was frightened as I saw my two boys jump between the smooth rocks. I told them to stay away from all those edges. But I soon relaxed, and we were all having fun, laughing in the pools.
Suddenly, I turned and saw my son Wyatt sitting down between two rocks in fast-moving water. I shouted at him to get out. He called back something that I couldn't hear, and then he disappeared over the edge. All I remember from the moments after was screaming, over and over, like a prayer, “Somebody help my son!” I didn't even know what help he needed, because I couldn't force myself to look.
My husband was already jumping down the rocks. I finally looked. Wyatt was sitting up-he was alive. My biggest fear was gone. As I held my younger son, Jed, close, I heard another woman scream. “That child just went over the waterfall!” she shouted at her husband. “We are leaving!” They walked away, never even looking back to see whether our child was OK.
It was about 4 meters from the top of the waterfall to the pool below, which was filled with huge rocks. Wyatt had fallen on his back, straight onto the rocks. That's what Lisa told us. We didn't know her name was Lisa at that point. All we knew was that while everyone else looked on from a distance, too afraid or unbothered to help, Lisa didn't hesitate.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Later, Lisa told me that she was a nurse.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The rescue team finally came.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案版
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Join a Zion National Park ranger (护林人) to learn about what makes Zion National Park unique. Programs are free and created for classrooms and individuals. We connect to your school or home through a free web-based program. You will be provided with a link to the video conference ahead of time via an email invite. Registration is open! Click on the program below for more information.
Program 1—Chat with a Ranger
In Chat with a Ranger, students learn about Zion National Park, the park service, and the life of a ranger. Students prepare and send questions ahead of time. This program can be adapted to fit different curriculum objectives, and is appropriate for any age group.
Program 2—Pollination Investigation
In this distance learning program, students will discover what pollination is and how important it is to all ecosystems. Looking at the relationship between plants and pollinators, participants will see how they have influenced each other and will be challenged to create their own perfect pollinator.
Program 3—Whooo’s in the Canyon
Who left these clues behind here in the high canyons of Zion National Park A feather, small bones, and hoot hooting in the trees can be heard as your classroom goes on a virtual hike of Zion to discover the Mexican spotted owl. Learn it about how the owl uses its special adaptations to survive in this desert environment.
Program 4—The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion
This distance learning program focuses on the plants and animals that live in Zion's varying ecosystems. Students will learn about their adaptations and relationships to each other in this interactive lesson with a creative and critical thinking activity.
1. Which program requires participants to make preparations in advance
A. Chat with a Ranger. B. Pollination Investigation.
C. Whooo's in the Canyon D. The Forests, Wetlands, and Deserts of Zion.
2. What can participants learn from program 3
A. Survival strategies taken by owls in the park. B. Ways to prepare a hike tour in the park.
C. Threats brought by the desert environment. D. A variety of ecosystems in Zion National Park.
3. What do the listed programs have in common
A. They involve interactive activities.
B. They include a virtual tour of different trails.
C. They are accessible through web-based program.
D. They require participants to visit the park in person.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
B
On a hot June day in 2015, I retired after 34 years of teaching high school. Then, I drove to meet my new piano teacher, Mark.
I had worked for more than three decades as a busy English teacher with an endless stream of papers to mark and precious little time to experiment or learn new skills. I was determined to make up for all I had been missing. I wanted to finally master the piano and learn how to make music.
I told Mark I had a specific concrete goal: to play Clair de lune by Claude Debussy, a piece I remember hearing from early childhood.
Determined that there would be a day when I would totally master this piece, I set myself a deadline: I would perform before a gathering of friends on my 60th birthday. For months I did nothing but furiously (猛烈地) practise. When the day came, around 30 friends and relatives crowded into my dining room to hear me play, and aside from a few minor slips, I managed to pull it off without embarrassing myself. People clapped warmly. I made it. I had risen to a challenge, but I still didn’t feel that I was really “making music”.
After that, my progress was painfully slow. I had come to hate hearing myself play music badly. I got no pleasure from the act of missing notes.
I began focusing on what few things I could do: gardening and cycling. I came to understand that I didn’t have to be that man I’d always thought I ought to be. I could just do what feels good. So, after nearly five years of lessons, I quit.
I still love music; I regularly go out to concerts. But now my piano does nothing more than sit silently in my dining room, displaying family photos and collecting dust. And I’m perfectly happy with that.
4. Why did the author learn the piano after retiring from teaching
A. To impress his friends and relatives. B. To avoid the boredom of retirement.
C. To start a new career as a concert pianist. D. To pursue a long-time passion for music.
5. What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A. The author attended a concert of piano music.
B The author performed successfully despite a few errors.
C. The author felt embarrassed about his piano performance.
D. The author quit his piano immediately after his 60th birthday.
6. What does the author do with his piano now
A. He uses it for music lessons. B. He uses it for performance.
C. He uses it for something unrelated to music. D. He plays it for personal enjoyment occasionally.
7. Which of the following can best describe the author
A. Inner- directed and hardworking. B. Conventional and careless.
C. Ambitious and kind-hearted. D. Lazy and pessimistic.
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A
C
When it comes to diatoms (硅藻类) that live in the ocean, new research suggests that photosynthesis (光合作用) is not the only strategy for accumulating carbon. Instead, these single-celled are also building biomass by feeding directly on organic carbon in the ocean.
These new findings could lead researchers to reduce their estimate of how much carbon dioxide diatoms pull out of the air via photosynthesis, which in turn, could take a much closer look at the understanding of the global carbon cycle, which is especially relevant given the changing climate. The new findings were published in Science Advances on July 17, 2024.
The team showed that the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, which is found in oceans around the world, regularly performs a mix of both photosynthesis and direct eating of carbon from organic sources such as plankton (浮游生物) . In more than 70% of the water samples the researchers analyzed from oceans around the world, the team found signs of simultaneous photosynthesis and direct organic carbon consumption from Cylindrotheca closterium. The team also showed that this diatom species can grow much faster when consuming organic carbon in addition to photosynthesis. Furthermore, the new research hinted at the possibility that specific species of bacteria are feeding organic carbon directly to a large percentage of these diatoms living all across the global ocean. This work is based on a genome-scale metabolic modeling approach that the team used to reveal the metabolism of the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium.
The team’s new metabolic modeling data support recent lab experiments suggesting that some diatoms may rely on strategies other than photosynthesis to intake the carbon they need to survive, thrive and build biomass.
The UC San Diego led team is in the process of expanding the scope of the project to determine how widespread this non-photosynthetic activity is among other diatom species.
8. What’s new according to the research
A. The way of the diatom’s carbon accumulation. B. The impact of climate on diverse sea plants.
C. The procedure of exploring carbon. D. The system of building biomass.
9. What do the new findings make researchers more focus on
A. The causes of climate change. B. The grasp of the carbon cycle.
C. The bad effect of photosynthesis on diatoms. D. A rough estimate of the amount of carbon dioxide.
10. What do we know from paragraph 3
A. A large number of diatoms may feed on bacteria.
B. The diatom lives on plankton.
C. Water samples are key factors for the research.
D. Diatom species grow faster with sufficient sunlight
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Photosynthesis in Diatoms B. Plankton’s Role in Oceans
C. New Carbon Strategies in Diatoms D. Advances in Modeling Data
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C
D
According to a report in 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that non-sugar sweeteners not be used as a means of achieving weight control or reducing the risk of diseases. The guideline came as a surprise. After all, the very purpose of non-sugar sweeteners-which contain little to no calories—is to help consumers control their weight and reduce their risk of disease by replacing sugar.
In its report, the WHO cited evidence that long-term use of non-sugar sweeteners is associated with an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and death. How is it that non-sugar sweeteners are linked to the negative health effects they’re supposed to fend off
The WHO made its recommendation after reviewing hundreds of published studies. The problem is that the overwhelming majority of these studies are observational. In such studies, subjects tend to self-report their food intake, which might not guarantee inaccuracy. More importantly, observational studies cannot determine cause and effect. Are non-sugar sweeteners causing diabetes, or are people at risk of diabetes simply more likely to consume them Lastly, there are numerous variables that researchers can’t possibly control for in these studies that could influence the results.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) tell a different story about non-sugar sweeteners. These studies control for variables by randomly assigning people to either a treatment or control group, and they can determine cause and effect. They show that sweeteners modestly benefit weight loss and help control blood sugar, without the negative effects seen in observational research. The downside of RCTs is that they are shorter in duration, often lasting just a few months. So negative effects could appear after longer use and we wouldn’t be able to tell from these RCTs.
But we also can’t tell from observational studies, which only measure correlation and not causality (因果关系) . Changing the current situation might be hard, though. RCTs are expensive and require recruiting participants, setting up diet plans, and regularly measuring subjects’ health outcomes.
For change to happen, it might need to start at the top, where science is funded Government agencies, which appropriate billions for research, should start prioritizing RCTs.
12. What do the underlined phrase “fend off” probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Put out. B. Defend against. C. Keep up. D. Count on.
13. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The WHO’s suggestions on observational studies.
B. The strategies to decide cause and effect in conducting studies.
C. The significance of controlling variables in observational studies.
D. The limitations of the observational studies in the WHO report.
14. What is a feature of RCTs according to the text
A. They cost little B. They tend to last long.
C. They can control variables and determine causality. D. They require participants to self-report related data
15. How should the government help RCTs
A. By making appropriate plans B. By providing financial support
C. By raising people’s awareness of health D. By founding more related government agencies
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
To make science’s stories more concrete and engaging, it’s important to use some effective strategies. Here are four of them.
Put people in the story
Science’s stories often lack human characters. ___16___. Characters can be also people affected by a scientific topic, or interested in learning more about it. Besides, they can be storytellers who are sharing their personal experiences.
___17___
People often think of science as objective and fair. But science is actually a human practice that continuously involves choices, missteps and biases (偏见) . If you explain science as a course, you can walk people through the sequence of how science is done and why researchers reach certain conclusions. ___18___. And they can also stress the reason why people should trust the course of science to provide the most accurate conclusions possible given the available information.
Include what people care about
Scientific topics are important, but they may not always be the public’s most pressing concerns. In April 2024, a polling company found that “the quality of the environment” was one of the lowest-ranked priorities among people in the US. The stories about the environment could weave in connections to higher-priority topics. ___19___.
Tell science's stories
Scientists, of course, can be science communicators, but everyone can tell science’s stories. When we share information online about health, or talk to friends and family about the weather, we contribute to information that circulates about science topics. ___20___. Think about all of a story’s characteristics — character, action, sequence, scope, storyteller and content - and how you might incorporate them into the topic.
A. Explain science as a process
B. Shoot attractive short science videos
C. Scientists themselves can actually become ideal ones
D. This practice is to stress why the content is important
E. You can tell growth stories of remarkable teenage scientists
F. Science communicators can emphasize how science is conducted
G. You may as well borrow features from stories to strengthen your message
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. F 19. D 20. G
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In 2018, Molly Baker unfortunately lost her husband in a severe skiing accident. She was ___21___ . In the first several weeks after his passing, her friends and family ___22___ a great deal of support. But after a while, the cards and meals started to ___23___ . “People had to get back to their normal ___24___ . And so things kind of dropped off,” Baker recalled.
That was when one of Baker's friends, Carla Vail, thought up a way to ___25___ the help for an entire year. She called it the “Calendar Girls”. Vail gathered the names of 31 of Baker's friends who wanted to help, and ___26___ each friend a particular day. Vail also gave Baker the names on the ___27___ , so Baker could know what to ___28___ each day.
“And what that looked like for them was that on that day, they would reach out to me in some ___29___ ways—maybe via text, or a card,” Baker said.
Looking back, Baker feels that Vail's ____30____ was essential to helping her cope with her husband's death, because she was ____31____ at that time.
“A lot of people are really uncomfortable around ____32____ ,” Baker said. “So what they do is, instead of doing something, that they ____33____ do nothing. It was nice to have that ‘Calendar Girls’ setup.”
Today, Baker tries to do something similar for her friends going through ____34____ . In hard times, she knows how ____35____ it is to have something to look forward to every day.
21. A. cautious B. unconscious C. desperate D. impassive
22. A. extended B. demanded C. announced D. assumed
23. A. pass down B. show up C. break up D. slow down
24. A. exercise B. routine C. diet D. growth
25. A. resist B. continue C. explain D. test
26. A. ordered B. sent C. owed D. assigned
27. A. furniture B. file C. calendar D. Internet
28. A. expect B. absorb C. propose D. define
29. A. rare B. strange C. specific D. generous
30. A. curiosity B. thoughtfulness C. ambition D. toughness
31. A. innocent B. optimistic C. tolerant D. lonely
32. A. panic B. evidence C. failure D. grief
33. A. simply B. hardly C. skillfully D. secretly
34. A. distraction B. addiction C. loss D. annoyance
35. A. amusing B. valuable C. astonishing D. universal
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the International Conference on Food Loss and Waste closed on Saturday in Jinan, Shandong Province, the country has sent a signal to ____36____ world that China will deal with issues concerning food security by reducing loss and waste in agriculture. With the theme of reducing food loss and food waste and promoting ____37____ (globe) food security, the three-day event ____38____ (hold) both online and offline attracted more than 300 participants.
The current world grain production is about 2.8 billion tons a year. Therefore, the loss of only one percentage ____39____ (be) equal to the loss of 28 million tons of food. This can feed about 70 million people.
In recent years, China ____40____ (make) great progress in controlling loss and waste in food, with main efforts including upgrading facilities and ____41____ (equip). In Shandong Province, China’s major grain producer, the Sinograin (中粮集团) grain storage site is equipped with 4,500 high-definition cameras and 280,000 temperature sensors ____42____ (ensure) that the stock (储备) is in the best condition. Data shows that during China’s 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) , about 13 million tons of food had been saved ____43____ (year) after production.
We cannot end hunger ____44____ we do not deal with the high levels of food loss and waste. Cooperation and innovations (创新) in business models, technologies and digital solutions could all contribute ____45____ reducing food loss and waste.
【答案】36. the
37. global 38. held
39. is 40. has made
41. equipment
42 to ensure
43. yearly 44. if##when
45. to
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，暑假期间观看了巴黎奥运会的大众组业余选手马拉松赛，你萌生了晨跑锻炼的想法。请给你校酷爱跑步的外教Mr. Brown写一封邮件，邀请他一起晨跑，内容包括：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 告知安排（晨跑的时间、地点）；
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：大众组马拉松赛 Mass Participation Marathon
Dear Mr. Brown,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Brown,
I hope this email finds you well. During the summer break, I watched the Mass Participation Marathon at the Paris Olympics, which inspired me to start morning runs for fitness. Knowing your passion for running, I thought it would be great if we could run together. We could meet at the school track at 6:30 am every weekday. It’s a beautiful spot to start the day with some exercise and fresh air.
Looking forward to your reply and the possibility of running alongside you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was last August. We were on vacation, just me, my husband, and our two kids, out for a nice, safe, socially distanced week away. We went to a popular place called Diana's Baths, where the water falls off a series of flat rocks up the mountain. The baths were full of families, so we made our way to one of the upper levels of rock to keep our distance.
Both where we sat and down below, the water fell down and into small pools, where kids in swimsuits were playing water around. I was frightened as I saw my two boys jump between the smooth rocks. I told them to stay away from all those edges. But I soon relaxed, and we were all having fun, laughing in the pools.
Suddenly, I turned and saw my son Wyatt sitting down between two rocks in fast-moving water. I shouted at him to get out. He called back something that I couldn't hear, and then he disappeared over the edge. All I remember from the moments after was screaming, over and over, like a prayer, “Somebody help my son!” I didn't even know what help he needed, because I couldn't force myself to look.
My husband was already jumping down the rocks. I finally looked. Wyatt was sitting up-he was alive. My biggest fear was gone. As I held my younger son, Jed, close, I heard another woman scream. “That child just went over the waterfall!” she shouted at her husband. “We are leaving!” They walked away, never even looking back to see whether our child was OK.
It was about 4 meters from the top of the waterfall to the pool below, which was filled with huge rocks. Wyatt had fallen on his back, straight onto the rocks. That's what Lisa told us. We didn't know her name was Lisa at that point. All we knew was that while everyone else looked on from a distance, too afraid or unbothered to help, Lisa didn't hesitate.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Later, Lisa told me that she was a nurse.
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The rescue team finally came.
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【答案】Later, Lisa told me that she was a nurse. In fact, by the time I climbed down the rocks and my husband pulled Wyatt out of the water, she had already called 911. She put a red, white, and blue towel under Wyatt's head. She told us to keep him still and on his back in case he had injured his bones. I finally had time to ask her name. “Lisa,” she said. “And I'm not leaving you.”
The rescue team finally came. They took Wyatt out of the park to the nearest hospital. Wyatt had three broken bones and a wound in lung—injuries that sound terrible but recover on their own. As soon as I knew that Wyatt was going to be OK, my thoughts fell to Lisa. If she had not stepped up, would someone else have done so Perhaps. But it was her. She was the one who went toward the unthinkable instead of turning away.
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