2025届高三英语二轮复习 语法填空专项练习（五）（3篇，含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2025届高三英语二轮复习 语法填空专项练习（五）（3篇，含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 24.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-13 06:47:29 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
语法填空专项练习
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
Some of the best strategies for 1.___________(reduce) the chances of developing dementia are, to put it kindly, impracticable. Don't grow old; don't be a woman; choose your parents 2.___________(careful). But although old age remains by far the biggest risk factor, women are more at risk than men and some genetic inheritances make dementia more likely or even almost inevitable, the 3.___________(late) research suggests that as many as 45% of 4.________(case) of dementia are preventable—or at least that their onset can be 5.___________(delay).
The 6.__________(modify) risk factors include smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes and drinking too much alcohol (see chart). The 7.__________(best) way to reduce the risk of developing dementia 8.__________ to lead what has long been considered to be a 9._________(health) life: avoiding tobacco and too much alcohol and taking plenty of exercise (but avoiding those forms of it that involve repeated blows to the head or bouts of concussion, a list 10.__________ includes boxing, American football, rugby and lacrosse).
Passage 1 答案：
reducing
Carefully
latest
cases
Delayed
modifiable
best
is
healthy
which
Passage 1 译文：
委婉地说，一些减少患痴呆症几率的最佳策略是不切实际的。不要变老；不要做女人；仔细选择你的父母。但是，尽管老年仍然是目前最大的风险因素，女性比男性更容易患痴呆症，而且一些基因遗传使痴呆症更容易发生，甚至几乎不可避免，但最新的研究表明，多达45%的痴呆症病例是可以预防的，或者至少可以推迟发病。
可改变的风险因素包括吸烟、肥胖、缺乏运动、高血压、糖尿病和酗酒（见图表）。减少患痴呆症风险的最好方法是过一种长期以来被认为是健康的生活：不吸烟，不酗酒，多做运动（但要避免反复撞击头部或脑震荡的运动，包括拳击、美式足球、橄榄球和长曲棍球）。
It also means having a good diet, defined in one study cited by the commission as: "Eat at least three weekly servings of all of fruit, vegetables and fish; rarely drink sugar-sweetened drinks; rarely eat prepared meat like sausages or have takeaways." So it is not surprising that LDL cholesterol has been added to its not-to-do list. It is also important to exercise the brain: by learning a musical instrument or a foreign language, for example—or even by doing crossword and sudoku puzzles.
Some physical ailments do not bring heightened risks of cardiovascular disease or cancer but have been shown to make dementia more likely. One is untreated hearing loss. The Lancet commission's report from 2020 concluded this was the biggest of its 12 risk factors, a conclusion shared by this latest study. People with hearing loss are about twice as likely as others to develop dementia. The wider availability and use of hearing aids would probably be the single intervention most effective in reducing the incidence of dementia.
It is also not surprising that eyesight problems have been added to the latest dementia-risks list. It is unclear why impaired hearing and vision should have such an impact on the risk of dementia. One idea is that they all have a common cause. That hearing aids are very effective in protecting against dementia, however, argues against that theory for deafness. Diabetes, however, is a risk factor for both failing eyesight and dementia.
Others speculate that people straining to understand what is said to them or to navigate a world made hazy by poor eyesight suffer a debilitating increased "cognitive load". It may also be that these problems inhibit people's social lives and make them lonelier. Social isolation and depression are also important risk factors.
这还意味着要有良好的饮食习惯，委员会引用的一项研究将其定义为：“每周至少吃三次水果、蔬菜和鱼；很少喝含糖饮料；很少吃熟食，比如香肠或外卖。”因此，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇被列入“不做清单”也就不足为奇了。锻炼大脑也很重要：例如，通过学习一种乐器或一门外语，甚至通过做填字游戏和数独游戏。
一些身体上的疾病不会增加患心血管疾病或癌症的风险，但已被证明更有可能导致痴呆。一种是未经治疗的听力损失。《柳叶刀》委员会2020年的报告得出结论，这是12个风险因素中最大的一个，这项最新研究也得出了同样的结论。听力损失的人患痴呆症的可能性是其他人的两倍。助听器的广泛使用可能是减少痴呆症发病率最有效的单一干预措施。
视力问题被列入最新的痴呆症风险清单也不足为奇。目前还不清楚为什么听力和视力受损会对痴呆症的风险产生如此大的影响。一种想法是，他们都有一个共同的原因。然而，助听器在预防痴呆症方面非常有效，这与耳聋的理论相矛盾。然而，糖尿病是导致视力下降和痴呆的危险因素。
另一些人推测，人们努力理解别人对他们说的话，或者因为视力不佳而在一个模糊的世界里航行，他们遭受了一种令人衰弱的“认知负荷”的增加。也可能是这些问题抑制了人们的社交生活，使他们更加孤独。社会孤立和抑郁也是重要的风险因素。
Passage 2
Cramming all the learning into one night before the exam 1._________(usual) doesn’t work. You memorize things a lot better if you learn them repeatedly, over multiple 2.___________(session).
What’s interesting is that this is true even if the total amount of learning stays the same: you spend the same time studying overall, 3.__________ create a superior memory if the training is spaced in time.
If you think about it, it’s not obvious 4.___________that’s the puters, for example, don’t care if you feed them information in one go or in multiple sittings—what they learn is what they learn, regardless of the timing. What’s 5.__________(difference) about our brains
Our new study, 6.__________ this week in Nature Communications, shows that it’s not actually about the brain, perse. This property of memory, called the spacing effect, turns out to be built into the very fabric of our body. Even kidney cells learn better and create 7.________ (lasting) memories from spaced repetition.
What does it even mean for a kidney cell to learn and have memory Consider 8._________(one) how memories9._________( store) in the brain, from a perspective of 10.________ brain cell, a neuron.
Passage 2 答案：
Usual
Sessions
but
why
different
published
more lasting
first
are stored
a
Passage 2 译文：
把所有的学习都塞进考试前的一个晚上通常是行不通的。如果你通过多次学习反复学习，你就能更好地记住它们。
有趣的是，即使学习总量保持不变，情况也是如此：您总体上花费相同的时间学习，但如果训练间隔时间，则可以创建出色的记忆力。
如果你仔细想想，就不明白为什么会这样。例如，计算机并不关心你是一次性还是多次向计算机提供信息——它们学到的就是它们学到的，无论时间如何。我们的大脑有什么不同？
我们的新研究本周发表在《自然通讯》上，表明它实际上与大脑本身无关。记忆的这种特性被称为间隔效应，事实证明它内置于我们身体的结构中。甚至肾细胞也能通过间隔重复学习得更好并创造更持久的记忆。
对于肾细胞来说，学习和记忆意味着什么？首先从脑细胞、神经元的角度考虑记忆是如何存储在大脑中的。
Passage 3
To a neuron, human experience is a complex pattern of chemicals spread in time—neurotransmitters sent to it 1.___________ other neurons. Neurons distinguish between fine time patterns 2.___________ change parts of 3._____________(they) in response. For example, a slow pulsation of incoming neurotransmitters might cause a neuron’s input endings to shrink, whereas a fast pulsation might cause them 4.________(grow).
That’s 5._________“typical” memory is—an imprint left on our brain’s neurons by a specific time pattern of chemicals.
In one study, for example, insulin-secreting cells from the pancreas 6.________(show) to have a short-term memory of a past meal. Insulin is a hormone that’s released in response to sugar entering the bloodstream, 7.__________ (cause) this sugar to be absorbed by the body’s 8.__________(cell) and stored for future use. If you 9._________(artificial) flood those cells with sugar, as if a large pile of it entered the bloodstream all at once, the cells release all the insulin they can. Then, you give them 10.__________ 20-minute break and flood them with glucose again. Now, the amount of insulin they release almost doubles.
Passage 3 答案：
by
and
themselves
to grow
what
were shown
causing
cells
artificially
a
Passage 3 译文：
对于神经元来说，人类的经历是一种随时间传播的化学物质的复杂模式——由其他神经元发送给它的神经递质。神经元区分精细的时间模式并改变其自身的某些部分作为响应。例如，传入神经递质的缓慢脉动可能会导致神经元的输入末端收缩，而快速脉动可能会导致它们生长。
这就是“典型”记忆——化学物质的特定时间模式在我们大脑神经元上留下的印记。
例如，在一项研究中，胰腺的胰岛素分泌细胞被证明对过去的一餐有短期记忆。胰岛素是一种激素，当糖进入血液时会释放，导致糖被人体细胞吸收并储存起来以备将来使用。如果你人为地用糖淹没这些细胞，就好像一大堆糖立即进入血液一样，细胞会释放出它们能释放的所有胰岛素。然后，让他们休息 20 分钟，并再次给他们补充葡萄糖。现在，它们释放的胰岛素量几乎增加了一倍。
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
Some of the best strategies for 1.___________(reduce) the chances of developing dementia are, to put it kindly, impracticable. Don't grow old; don't be a woman; choose your parents 2.___________(careful). But although old age remains by far the biggest risk factor, women are more at risk than men and some genetic inheritances make dementia more likely or even almost inevitable, the 3.___________(late) research suggests that as many as 45% of 4.________(case) of dementia are preventable—or at least that their onset can be 5.___________(delay).
The 6.__________(modify) risk factors include smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, diabetes and drinking too much alcohol (see chart). The 7.__________(best) way to reduce the risk of developing dementia 8.__________ to lead what has long been considered to be a 9._________(health) life: avoiding tobacco and too much alcohol and taking plenty of exercise (but avoiding those forms of it that involve repeated blows to the head or bouts of concussion, a list 10.__________ includes boxing, American football, rugby and lacrosse).
Passage 1 答案：
reducing
Carefully
latest
cases
Delayed
modifiable
best
is
healthy
which
Passage 1 译文：
委婉地说，一些减少患痴呆症几率的最佳策略是不切实际的。不要变老；不要做女人；仔细选择你的父母。但是，尽管老年仍然是目前最大的风险因素，女性比男性更容易患痴呆症，而且一些基因遗传使痴呆症更容易发生，甚至几乎不可避免，但最新的研究表明，多达45%的痴呆症病例是可以预防的，或者至少可以推迟发病。
可改变的风险因素包括吸烟、肥胖、缺乏运动、高血压、糖尿病和酗酒（见图表）。减少患痴呆症风险的最好方法是过一种长期以来被认为是健康的生活：不吸烟，不酗酒，多做运动（但要避免反复撞击头部或脑震荡的运动，包括拳击、美式足球、橄榄球和长曲棍球）。
It also means having a good diet, defined in one study cited by the commission as: "Eat at least three weekly servings of all of fruit, vegetables and fish; rarely drink sugar-sweetened drinks; rarely eat prepared meat like sausages or have takeaways." So it is not surprising that LDL cholesterol has been added to its not-to-do list. It is also important to exercise the brain: by learning a musical instrument or a foreign language, for example—or even by doing crossword and sudoku puzzles.
Some physical ailments do not bring heightened risks of cardiovascular disease or cancer but have been shown to make dementia more likely. One is untreated hearing loss. The Lancet commission's report from 2020 concluded this was the biggest of its 12 risk factors, a conclusion shared by this latest study. People with hearing loss are about twice as likely as others to develop dementia. The wider availability and use of hearing aids would probably be the single intervention most effective in reducing the incidence of dementia.
It is also not surprising that eyesight problems have been added to the latest dementia-risks list. It is unclear why impaired hearing and vision should have such an impact on the risk of dementia. One idea is that they all have a common cause. That hearing aids are very effective in protecting against dementia, however, argues against that theory for deafness. Diabetes, however, is a risk factor for both failing eyesight and dementia.
Others speculate that people straining to understand what is said to them or to navigate a world made hazy by poor eyesight suffer a debilitating increased "cognitive load". It may also be that these problems inhibit people's social lives and make them lonelier. Social isolation and depression are also important risk factors.
这还意味着要有良好的饮食习惯，委员会引用的一项研究将其定义为：“每周至少吃三次水果、蔬菜和鱼；很少喝含糖饮料；很少吃熟食，比如香肠或外卖。”因此，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇被列入“不做清单”也就不足为奇了。锻炼大脑也很重要：例如，通过学习一种乐器或一门外语，甚至通过做填字游戏和数独游戏。
一些身体上的疾病不会增加患心血管疾病或癌症的风险，但已被证明更有可能导致痴呆。一种是未经治疗的听力损失。《柳叶刀》委员会2020年的报告得出结论，这是12个风险因素中最大的一个，这项最新研究也得出了同样的结论。听力损失的人患痴呆症的可能性是其他人的两倍。助听器的广泛使用可能是减少痴呆症发病率最有效的单一干预措施。
视力问题被列入最新的痴呆症风险清单也不足为奇。目前还不清楚为什么听力和视力受损会对痴呆症的风险产生如此大的影响。一种想法是，他们都有一个共同的原因。然而，助听器在预防痴呆症方面非常有效，这与耳聋的理论相矛盾。然而，糖尿病是导致视力下降和痴呆的危险因素。
另一些人推测，人们努力理解别人对他们说的话，或者因为视力不佳而在一个模糊的世界里航行，他们遭受了一种令人衰弱的“认知负荷”的增加。也可能是这些问题抑制了人们的社交生活，使他们更加孤独。社会孤立和抑郁也是重要的风险因素。
Passage 2
Cramming all the learning into one night before the exam 1._________(usual) doesn’t work. You memorize things a lot better if you learn them repeatedly, over multiple 2.___________(session).
What’s interesting is that this is true even if the total amount of learning stays the same: you spend the same time studying overall, 3.__________ create a superior memory if the training is spaced in time.
If you think about it, it’s not obvious 4.___________that’s the puters, for example, don’t care if you feed them information in one go or in multiple sittings—what they learn is what they learn, regardless of the timing. What’s 5.__________(difference) about our brains
Our new study, 6.__________ this week in Nature Communications, shows that it’s not actually about the brain, perse. This property of memory, called the spacing effect, turns out to be built into the very fabric of our body. Even kidney cells learn better and create 7.________ (lasting) memories from spaced repetition.
What does it even mean for a kidney cell to learn and have memory Consider 8._________(one) how memories9._________( store) in the brain, from a perspective of 10.________ brain cell, a neuron.
Passage 2 答案：
Usual
Sessions
but
why
different
published
more lasting
first
are stored
a
Passage 2 译文：
把所有的学习都塞进考试前的一个晚上通常是行不通的。如果你通过多次学习反复学习，你就能更好地记住它们。
有趣的是，即使学习总量保持不变，情况也是如此：您总体上花费相同的时间学习，但如果训练间隔时间，则可以创建出色的记忆力。
如果你仔细想想，就不明白为什么会这样。例如，计算机并不关心你是一次性还是多次向计算机提供信息——它们学到的就是它们学到的，无论时间如何。我们的大脑有什么不同？
我们的新研究本周发表在《自然通讯》上，表明它实际上与大脑本身无关。记忆的这种特性被称为间隔效应，事实证明它内置于我们身体的结构中。甚至肾细胞也能通过间隔重复学习得更好并创造更持久的记忆。
对于肾细胞来说，学习和记忆意味着什么？首先从脑细胞、神经元的角度考虑记忆是如何存储在大脑中的。
Passage 3
To a neuron, human experience is a complex pattern of chemicals spread in time—neurotransmitters sent to it 1.___________ other neurons. Neurons distinguish between fine time patterns 2.___________ change parts of 3._____________(they) in response. For example, a slow pulsation of incoming neurotransmitters might cause a neuron’s input endings to shrink, whereas a fast pulsation might cause them 4.________(grow).
That’s 5._________“typical” memory is—an imprint left on our brain’s neurons by a specific time pattern of chemicals.
In one study, for example, insulin-secreting cells from the pancreas 6.________(show) to have a short-term memory of a past meal. Insulin is a hormone that’s released in response to sugar entering the bloodstream, 7.__________ (cause) this sugar to be absorbed by the body’s 8.__________(cell) and stored for future use. If you 9._________(artificial) flood those cells with sugar, as if a large pile of it entered the bloodstream all at once, the cells release all the insulin they can. Then, you give them 10.__________ 20-minute break and flood them with glucose again. Now, the amount of insulin they release almost doubles.
Passage 3 答案：
by
and
themselves
to grow
what
were shown
causing
cells
artificially
a
Passage 3 译文：
对于神经元来说，人类的经历是一种随时间传播的化学物质的复杂模式——由其他神经元发送给它的神经递质。神经元区分精细的时间模式并改变其自身的某些部分作为响应。例如，传入神经递质的缓慢脉动可能会导致神经元的输入末端收缩，而快速脉动可能会导致它们生长。
这就是“典型”记忆——化学物质的特定时间模式在我们大脑神经元上留下的印记。
例如，在一项研究中，胰腺的胰岛素分泌细胞被证明对过去的一餐有短期记忆。胰岛素是一种激素，当糖进入血液时会释放，导致糖被人体细胞吸收并储存起来以备将来使用。如果你人为地用糖淹没这些细胞，就好像一大堆糖立即进入血液一样，细胞会释放出它们能释放的所有胰岛素。然后，让他们休息 20 分钟，并再次给他们补充葡萄糖。现在，它们释放的胰岛素量几乎增加了一倍。