上海2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题(无答案)
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| 名称 | 上海2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题(无答案) |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-13 10:25:48 | ||
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上师2024学年第一学期高三年级英语学科期中试卷
满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
考生注意：
1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）
在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She doesn’t need a new car. B. She has just bought a second-hand car.
C. She doesn’t drive her car a lot. D. She prefers little cars to big ones.
2. A. Choose the gift she will buy. B. Decide on the paper for the gift.
C. Go to Customer Service. D. Wrap the gift herself.
3. A. Water the plants more often.
B. Move the plants away from the window.
C. Let her take care of the plants for a while.
D. Put the plants where there is more sunlight.
4. A. She annoyed the waiter. B. She spilt some red wine.
C. Her jeans got lost. D. Her trousers got dirty.
5. A. She needs to call her sister first.
B. The silver chain is too heavy to carry
C. She isn’t going to buy the silver chain.
D. The silver chain is too expensive for her.
6. A. The woman’s camera is broken.
B. He wasn’t at Dan and Linda’s wedding.
C. Someone else at the wedding took good pictures.
D. Dan and Linda didn’t hire a professional photographer.
7. A. She doesn’t think Sally listens well.
B. Sally should think more before talking.
C. She doesn’t understand the man’s point.
D. Sally is preparing for her role in a play.
8. A. He expects to meet the woman at the meeting.
B. The meeting is not expected to last a long time.
C. Members will be told to be brief in their comments.
D. Committee members will be informed before the meeting.
9. A. The woman got a bargain.
B. The frame is not too expensive.
C. The woman paid too much for the poster.
D. The poster looks better without the frame.
10. A. She expects Mary to win.
B. The man should vote for Mary in the election.
C. Mary shouldn’t have campaigned against Steve.
D. She thinks Mary will run again in the next election.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To rebuild itself. B. To close for good.
C. To move to another site. D. To keep more wild animals.
12. A. It is the world’s fifth-oldest conservation site.
B. It has been where it is for almost two hundred years.
C. It provides animals with a natural environment to live in.
D. It has helped many endangered animals to return to the wild.
13. A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Negative. D. Unconcerned.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. A well-known writer. B. How social trends spread.
C. How people get infected. D. A marketing strategy.
15. A. The brand beat others in a design competition.
B. The company increased its investment.
C. They won fashion designers’ favour.
D. They were seen as old-fashioned.
16. A. Word-of-mouth marketing works as well as advertising.
B. Levels of exposure is determined by a company’s fame.
C. Advertising campaign doesn’t lead to widespread publicity.
D. Social media hasn’t increased the role of marketing.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She can’t find her luggage.
B. Her flight has been cancelled.
C. She hasn’t arrived at the airport on time.
D. Her tour guide has given her wrong information.
18. A. In Beijing B. In Shanghai.
C. With another passenger. D. With her husband.
19. A. Her bags will be sent there. B. Her bags will be picked up there.
C. He will go there with the woman. D. He will call the hotel tomorrow morning.
20. A. Contented. B. Relieved. C. Indifferent. D. Unsatisfied.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Humans can run for long distances at a sustained pace
Why can humans run for long distances Biologists have identified a mutated (变异) gene that might explain (21)____________ humans are so good at endurance running, Prof Ajit Varki of the University of California, San Diego, explains.
How do humans compare against other animals
Many animals are capable of short-distance running, but (22)____________ do endurance running, besides horses, wolves and ostriches. Humans are very unusual because we can run for very long distances at a sustained pace as long as you’re (23)____________ reasonable physical condition.
Which genes influence endurance running
CMAH is the first known gene (24)____________ might contribute to endurance running—it’s been around for 500 million years and got lost in our ancestors. The gene produces an enzyme (酶) (25)____________ (add) an additional oxygen atom to molecules on the cell surface, called sialic acid. Throughout the body, sialic acid enables cells (26)____________ (interact) with one another. We still have the same amount of total sialic acid, but we lost one major form due to a mutation in the CMAH gene about 2-3 million years ago, which (27)____________ (coincide) with when our ancestors gained the ability to run long distances.
You made mice with human-like mutated genes. How did they run
There were two tests. One was a stress test: we put normal and mutant mice on treadmills (跑步机) and they ran (28)____________ they reached exhaustion. The regular mice ran for 25 minutes, but the mice with human-like CMAH genes ran for 35 minutes. Importantly, those mice (29)____________ (not train). Then we put running wheels into the cages; mice love to run-they run kilometres at night. Initially there was not much difference, but over 10-15 days, the ‘(30)____________ (humanise)’ mice got better. And when we took those trained mice and put them back on the treadmill test, the difference is even more obvious: the mutant mice ran for 60 minutes instead of 40, so around 50
per cent longer.
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. adaptation B. engaging C. fancy D. happens E. reliable F. restrict G. responsible H. scan I. spot J. surprise K. updates
How to Find a Shooting Star
“It’s all about just looking up at the sky,” says Hakeem Oluseyi, author of A Quant Life: My Unlikely Journey from the Streets to the Stars. “The question is, are you noticing it ” You don’t need 31 equipment; the naked eye is best. “Typically, any technical equipment that you use is going to 32 your field of view,” Oluseyi says. Get away from city light—“the darker, the better,” he says—and find a place with as much visible sky as possible, like a(n) 33 in the mountains or desert. Close your eyes for a few minutes, to speed up their 34 to the dark. “If you have to have lights,” Oluseyi says, “they should be red lights.”
What we call shooting stars are parts from comets and asteroids (彗星和小行星) that can be seen year-round. But many more shooting stars are visible when the earth passes through debris (碎片)fields at the same time every year. “We call those meteor showers,” Oluseyi says. The Perseids and Leonid (英仙座和狮子座) are typically the most 35 , in August and November. During other times of year, check the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center for 36 “It’s just like taking a fishing trip: You check the weather first because you’d want to know what’s happening in the sky before you go,” Oluseyi says. Check the earth weather in advance too.
Even in clear skies, it can take a while, sometimes a few hours, before you see what you want, so go with friends to make the long outings more 37 . You don’t have to limit yourself to waiting for only shooting stars. Indeed, sometimes it helps to 38 for other things. “You can look for satellites and double stars,” Oluseyi says. “You can try to find Andromeda. Every time I go somewhere new, all over the earth, I gotta see what the night sky looks like from where I am.” Look up and let the shooting stars 39 you: “Suddenly you see something out of the corner of your eye and you turn your head and this bright, like ‘Woo’ thing 40 .”
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What phone should I get That was an important question immediately after the arrival of the iPhone and its competitors. But today’s smartphones (and tablets) are nearly 41 . Apple and Google (maker of Android phone software) have copied each other’s ideas so completely that the resultant phones are incredibly close in looks, price, speed and features.
These days the Apples and Googles of the world are 42 on a different battlefield: they’re racing to build the best ecosystem. Each is creating a huge series of interconnected products and services, making it easy for you to accept its offerings and as hard as possible to 43 a competitor’s. For consumers, the choice is now what set of products they like best.
If you’re one of these companies, though, you’ve got a difficult decision to make: Should you 44 your services to people who use your competitors’ products On one hand, making your software available to those outside your ecosystem could introduce the rest of the world to the 45 of your products—and possibly bring in new consumers. On the other hand, you would lose the 46 of those services as an advantage. Why would anyone switch if she or he can already get the best of a competitor’s offerings
So what approach are the giants taking It’s a(n) 47 bag.
Apple is the most closed. 48 , it writes apps only for iPhones and iPads. You can’t, for example, run the Apple Maps app on other companies devices. And you can’t use the Apple Watch with anything but an iPhone. Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms. If you have an iPhone, you can use Google’s apps, services and even digital store. You can even link an Android Wear smartwatch with an iPhone.
Why such 49
It helps to understand the individual corporate 50 . Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software. Each has different 51 in calculating what to open up.
And Apple and Google continue to 52 ; both now offer, if you can believe it, software for your car dashboard (仪表盘) and home-automation system designed to work with their respective smartphones.
You, the consumer, should be delighted by this 53 . You should be happy there’s competition, which always brings about innovation (and often lower prices). And you should be pleased that overall the trend seems to be for these companies to make more of their services 54 , no matter which phone or computer you own.
Eventually the 55 may well become nearly the same, too. Maybe at that point, the question will once again become, “What phone should I get ”
41. A. unimaginable B. straightforward C. widespread D. identical
42. A. competing B. cooperating C. shrinking D. multiplying
13. A. switch to B. evolve into C. stand for D. set aside
44. A. put up B. take off C. open up D. cut off
45. A. dimension B. superiority C. criterion D. sponsorship
46. A. battle B. business C. uniqueness D. flexibility
47. A. expanded B. filled C. mixed D. deserted
48. A. In general B. By contrast C. What’s more D. On average
49. A. availability B. inconsistency C. thoughtfulness D. independence
50. A. clients B. accounts C. investors D. motives
51. A. courses B. considerations C. conservations D. circumstances
52. A. burst out B. scale up C. turn up D. branch out
53. A tradition B. tension C. subscription D. direction
54. A. accessible B. interactive C. affordable D. permanent
55. A. companies B. devices C. ecosystems D. prices
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In 2018, the New York Times published a story about Amadeo García, the last living speaker of Taushiro. He lives in the Amazon, and the article looked at how he came to be the only speaker left of his mother tongue. It’s a burden on his shoulders: he was the last hope for passing his language down to his children and allowing it to live at least one more generation.
UNESCO reports that in Europe alone, there are 640 languages currently in danger of extinction, with another 228 no longer spoken. With the influence of English across the internet around the world, there’s been talk of languages dying out faster than ever before. The Guardian recently reported on the low status of Icelandic due in large part to the use of English online. Every language isn’t automatically supported online. The languages you can use the most often are the languages most widely spoken in the world.
What happens to culture when a language dies Every language reflects a unique world-view with its own value systems, philosophy and particular cultural features. The extinction of a language results in the irrecoverable loss of unique cultural knowledge. When a language belonging to people in the Amazon dies, so too does that people’s knowledge of the rainforest, how they discuss and interpret certain aspects of how to live in and with that environment and the uses for plants that may still be unknown to the rest of the world.
Knowledge of the world isn’t the only aspect of culture that language is intimately tied to: language forms a critical aspect of a person’s and a community’s identity as well. Because language discloses cultural and historical meaning, the loss of language is a loss of that link to the past.
The loss of language, and therefore that cultural identity, can also lead to worse mental health within that community. A study published in 2007 in the journal Cognitive Development looked at the link between language knowledge and youth suicide rates among the aboriginal (土著) population in British Columbia. The results showed that youth suicide rates effectively dropped to zero in those few communities in which at least half the band members reported a conversational knowledge of their own native language.
56. Amadeo Garcia shoulders the responsibility of ________.
A. preserving the dying language of his own culture
B. giving birth to more children in the Amazon
C. introducing his mother tongue in interviews
D. protecting the Amazon for at least one more generation
57. The underlined phrase “the low status” in this passage refers to “________”.
A. Iceland is no longer regarded as a developed nation
B. the native language of Iceland can hardly be found on the internet
C. languages in Iceland are dying out faster than ever before
D. languages most widely spoken are automatically supported online
58. According to the passage, the loss of a language can lead to many consequences EXCEPT that ________.
A. we will fail to know the culture linked to the extinct language
B. people will not be able to figure out who they actually are
C. young people are more likely to suffer from mental problems
D. the cognitive development of aboriginal people will drop to zero
59. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage
A. Language Extinction and Cultural Collapse
B. The Negative Impacts of Language Extinction
C. The Last Living Speaker of Taushiro in Amazon
D. The Loss of Culture, Community and Mental Health
(B)
Fresh air and the right chairs are the key to a happy, healthy workforce, according to a new survey. We went to an office in an advertising agency, to find out how healthy and happy they were as working environments. Among our experts were a building healthy consultant; an ergonomist, who studies people’s working conditions; and an occupational psychologist. Here are what they said.
Building Health Consultant: This office is about as simple as it could possibly be; no central heating, no mechanical ventilation (通风设备), windows opening to straight onto the street, . It is difficult to see why this space works but the occupants, who are part of a small dynamic team, appear to have few complaints. They adapt to the changing seasons by opening doors and roof panels or switching on electric radiations-pretty much, perhaps, as they do in their own homes. This may be the key: a team of seven people have created a happy, homely working environment and do not have to put up with any externally imposed discomfort.
Ergonomist: The furniture here has evolved; no two pieces match. Much of it actually created bad working postures. Chairs are old, most aren’t adjustable and many are broken. Although in that way this environment is poor, the personnel have a varied work schedule, which they control-office work, out meeting clients, making presentations, and so on. This variety reduces the risk of exhaustion, boredom or muscular problems.
Occupational psychologist: Staff are delighted with the variety of work and the multiple functions of the office space. They said their office was ‘neither too big nor too small’—small enough to know what colleagues were doing, large enough to be able to be on your own and focus on personal work. I found the office attractive and fun, conveying images of efficiency and creativity at the same time.
60. Both Building Health Consultant and Ergonomist find that ________ of the advertising agency is/are far from satisfactory.
A. the working hours B. the employers’ mental state
C. the management’s policies D. the physical environment
61. According to the Occupational psychologist, what do staff think of the office
A. It has a perfect size. B. It prevents efficiency.
C. It has a creative design. D. It discourages communication.
62. All the three experts have found that ________.
A. the office space needs to be more lively
B. the employees work happily in the agency
C the employees’ health conditions are worrying
D. the office space has discouraged attention and confidence during working hours
(C)
To the average person, it must seem as if the field of artificial intelligence is making great achievement. According to some of the media accounts and press releases, OpenAI’s DALL-E2 can seemingly create spectacular images from any text; and a system called Gato that was released in May by DeepMind, reportedly worked well on every task the company could throw at it. One of the DeepMind’s high-level executives even went so far as to boast that in pursuing AI that has the flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence—known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI—“the game is over.”
Don’t be fooled.
AI is getting better-synthetic images look more and more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in noisy environments-but we are still likely decades away from general-purpose, human-level AI that can understand the true meanings of articles and videos or deal with unexpected barriers and interruptions. The field is stuck on precisely the same challenges that academic scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to cope with unusual circumstances.
Take DALL-E2. It couldn’t tell the difference between an image of a red cube on top of a blue versus an image of a blue cube on top of a red cube. A newer system, released this past May, couldn’t tell the difference between an astronaut riding a horse and horse riding an astronaut.
When image-creating systems like DALL-E2 make mistakes, the result can be amusing. But sometimes errors produced by AI cause serious consequences. A Tesla on autopilot recently drove directly toward a human worker carrying a stop sign in the middle of the road, slowing down only when the human driver took action. The system could recognize humans on their own and stop signs in their usual locations but failed to slow down when faced with the unfamiliar combination of the two, which put the stop sign in a new and unusual position.
Unfortunately, the fact that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with novel circumstances is usually buried in the fine print. Gato, for instance, worked well on all the tasks DeepMind reported but rarely as well as other contemporary systems. A look at recent headlines, however, wouldn’t tell you about any of these problems.
For now we are trapped in a “local minimum” in which companies pursue benchmarks rather than foundational ideas. Current engineering practice is far ahead of scientific skills: these departments focus on making small improvements with the poorly understood tools they already have rather than developing new technologies with a clearer theoretical ground. This is why basic research remains crucial. That a large part of the AI research community (like those who shout, “Game over”) doesn’t even see that is, well, heartbreaking.
63. What does the DeepMind’s executive mean by “the game is over” (paragraph 1)
A. AGI is quite a frustrating area.
B. There has been great progress in AGI.
C. No more investment should be put into AGI.
D. Technology companies has put too much emphasis on AGI.
64. The Tesla on autopilot is mentioned in paragraph 5 in order to illustrate that ________.
A. consequences caused by AI can be amusing
B. AI is reliable in handling familiar situations
C. Tesla cars are not a good example of autopilot
D. AI cannot deal well with unexpected circumstances
65. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer thinks that ________.
A. more light should be cast on successful AI companies
B. more specific training programmes should be created for AI
C. more fundamental technologies should be developed for AI
D. more reliable benchmarks should be established for AI products
66. Which of the following statements best summarizes the writer’s viewpoint
A. Media should talk less about AI.
B. It is too early to be confident of AI.
C. Human-level AI will soon be a fact of life.
D. AI practice falls far behind related theories.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Theoreticians looked to them for calculating the equations of mathematical models. B. Biologists have made significant advances with this technique, notably with sequencing and editing genes. C. The experimenter and the theoretician were active in the sciences well before computers came on the scene. D. The information process provides a simulation for the physical process it models. E. But some experts argue that it depends on how people define computer using in science and experiments. F. But something more happened.
Computational Thinking in Science
Throughout most of the history of science and technology, there have been two types of characters. One is the experimenter who gathers data to reveal when a hypothesis (假设)works and when it does not. The other is the theoretician, who designs mathematical models to explain what is already known and uses the models to make predictions about what is not known. The two types interact with one another because hypotheses may come from models, and what is known comes from previous models and data. 67
When projects to build electronic computers started in the 1940s, scientists began discussion how they would use these machines. Nearly everybody had something to gain. Experimenters looked to computers for data analysis-looking through large data sets for statistical patterns. 68
Using the computer to speed up the traditional work of experimenters and theoreticians was a revolution of its own. 69 Scientists who used computers found themselves routinely designing new ways to advance science. Simularion (模拟)is a good example. By simulating airflows around a wing with a type of equation (called Navier-Stokes) that is broken out over a grid surrounding a simulated aircraft, aeronautical engineers largely eliminated the need for wind tunnels and test flights. Simulation allowed scientists to reach where theory and experiment could not. Scientists became computational designers as well as experimenters and theoreticians.
Another important example of how computers have changed how science is done has been the new way of treating a physical process as an information process, which allows more to be learned about the physical process by studying the information process. 70 Data analysts also have found that deep learning models enable them to make surprisingly accurate predictions of processes in many fields. For the quantities predicted, the real process behaves as an information process.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Do Weird (古怪的) People Make Better Artists
In one published experiment (there was a shole series of them), the participants were shown one of the two pictures of an imaginary artists called Stefasson. One was an ordinary-looking male in his twenties, while the other wan a man of the same age who “had long hair” and “had not shaved for several days”.
The results were interesting. The people who were shown the untidy Stefasson liked his wiled, unconventional art more than those who were shown the clean-shaven, suit-wearing Stefasson. The researchers say this preference is due to our desire for “sincerity” in an artist. What they mean by “sincerity” is that an artist’s style and appearance should go together. It sounds like a noble idea, but in fact, a huge body of great art, literature and music was created by artists who did not look weird. Are we supposed to label these lot of classic works boring and insincere If so, we would miss an awful lot of classic works, like Bach’s musical compositions and Shakespeare’s poems.
We are too much in love with the unconventional forms of art and the unconventional types that produce them. It is a strange sort of blindness to the fact that a lot of good art has been produced by people who were models of conventionality. Wesley Kant, a leading figure of abstract art, and Eric Cooper, pioneer of musical modernism, both dressed like bankers. Larry White, one of the founders of literary modernism, set out to look perfectly colorless in his suit and hat, just so he could fade into the background. It is the gap between their boring appearance and their wild inner world that makes these creators so attractive.
So as we explore the vast landscape of artist expression, let us not be blinded by the charm of the weird.
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 丢了手机这件事似乎完全没有令他不安。(seem)
73. 她做出一副对歌剧感兴趣的样子, 但事实并非如此。(pretend)
74. 这位世界游泳冠军的教练认为, 不同年龄段有各自应该培养的技能。(maintain)
75. 这家野生动物园推出了新项目, 游客可以近距离观察珍稀动物, 并为它们制作早餐。(which)
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Marylin的邮件。在邮件中, 她提到自己对于高中毕业后是留在英国升造还是来中国留学犹豫不决，想听听你的意见。回复一封邮件，内容须包括：
1) 你的建议；
2) 你的理由。
满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟
考生注意：
1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）
在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
2. 答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚填写班级、姓名、准考证号。
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. She doesn’t need a new car. B. She has just bought a second-hand car.
C. She doesn’t drive her car a lot. D. She prefers little cars to big ones.
2. A. Choose the gift she will buy. B. Decide on the paper for the gift.
C. Go to Customer Service. D. Wrap the gift herself.
3. A. Water the plants more often.
B. Move the plants away from the window.
C. Let her take care of the plants for a while.
D. Put the plants where there is more sunlight.
4. A. She annoyed the waiter. B. She spilt some red wine.
C. Her jeans got lost. D. Her trousers got dirty.
5. A. She needs to call her sister first.
B. The silver chain is too heavy to carry
C. She isn’t going to buy the silver chain.
D. The silver chain is too expensive for her.
6. A. The woman’s camera is broken.
B. He wasn’t at Dan and Linda’s wedding.
C. Someone else at the wedding took good pictures.
D. Dan and Linda didn’t hire a professional photographer.
7. A. She doesn’t think Sally listens well.
B. Sally should think more before talking.
C. She doesn’t understand the man’s point.
D. Sally is preparing for her role in a play.
8. A. He expects to meet the woman at the meeting.
B. The meeting is not expected to last a long time.
C. Members will be told to be brief in their comments.
D. Committee members will be informed before the meeting.
9. A. The woman got a bargain.
B. The frame is not too expensive.
C. The woman paid too much for the poster.
D. The poster looks better without the frame.
10. A. She expects Mary to win.
B. The man should vote for Mary in the election.
C. Mary shouldn’t have campaigned against Steve.
D. She thinks Mary will run again in the next election.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. To rebuild itself. B. To close for good.
C. To move to another site. D. To keep more wild animals.
12. A. It is the world’s fifth-oldest conservation site.
B. It has been where it is for almost two hundred years.
C. It provides animals with a natural environment to live in.
D. It has helped many endangered animals to return to the wild.
13. A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Negative. D. Unconcerned.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. A well-known writer. B. How social trends spread.
C. How people get infected. D. A marketing strategy.
15. A. The brand beat others in a design competition.
B. The company increased its investment.
C. They won fashion designers’ favour.
D. They were seen as old-fashioned.
16. A. Word-of-mouth marketing works as well as advertising.
B. Levels of exposure is determined by a company’s fame.
C. Advertising campaign doesn’t lead to widespread publicity.
D. Social media hasn’t increased the role of marketing.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She can’t find her luggage.
B. Her flight has been cancelled.
C. She hasn’t arrived at the airport on time.
D. Her tour guide has given her wrong information.
18. A. In Beijing B. In Shanghai.
C. With another passenger. D. With her husband.
19. A. Her bags will be sent there. B. Her bags will be picked up there.
C. He will go there with the woman. D. He will call the hotel tomorrow morning.
20. A. Contented. B. Relieved. C. Indifferent. D. Unsatisfied.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Humans can run for long distances at a sustained pace
Why can humans run for long distances Biologists have identified a mutated (变异) gene that might explain (21)____________ humans are so good at endurance running, Prof Ajit Varki of the University of California, San Diego, explains.
How do humans compare against other animals
Many animals are capable of short-distance running, but (22)____________ do endurance running, besides horses, wolves and ostriches. Humans are very unusual because we can run for very long distances at a sustained pace as long as you’re (23)____________ reasonable physical condition.
Which genes influence endurance running
CMAH is the first known gene (24)____________ might contribute to endurance running—it’s been around for 500 million years and got lost in our ancestors. The gene produces an enzyme (酶) (25)____________ (add) an additional oxygen atom to molecules on the cell surface, called sialic acid. Throughout the body, sialic acid enables cells (26)____________ (interact) with one another. We still have the same amount of total sialic acid, but we lost one major form due to a mutation in the CMAH gene about 2-3 million years ago, which (27)____________ (coincide) with when our ancestors gained the ability to run long distances.
You made mice with human-like mutated genes. How did they run
There were two tests. One was a stress test: we put normal and mutant mice on treadmills (跑步机) and they ran (28)____________ they reached exhaustion. The regular mice ran for 25 minutes, but the mice with human-like CMAH genes ran for 35 minutes. Importantly, those mice (29)____________ (not train). Then we put running wheels into the cages; mice love to run-they run kilometres at night. Initially there was not much difference, but over 10-15 days, the ‘(30)____________ (humanise)’ mice got better. And when we took those trained mice and put them back on the treadmill test, the difference is even more obvious: the mutant mice ran for 60 minutes instead of 40, so around 50
per cent longer.
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. adaptation B. engaging C. fancy D. happens E. reliable F. restrict G. responsible H. scan I. spot J. surprise K. updates
How to Find a Shooting Star
“It’s all about just looking up at the sky,” says Hakeem Oluseyi, author of A Quant Life: My Unlikely Journey from the Streets to the Stars. “The question is, are you noticing it ” You don’t need 31 equipment; the naked eye is best. “Typically, any technical equipment that you use is going to 32 your field of view,” Oluseyi says. Get away from city light—“the darker, the better,” he says—and find a place with as much visible sky as possible, like a(n) 33 in the mountains or desert. Close your eyes for a few minutes, to speed up their 34 to the dark. “If you have to have lights,” Oluseyi says, “they should be red lights.”
What we call shooting stars are parts from comets and asteroids (彗星和小行星) that can be seen year-round. But many more shooting stars are visible when the earth passes through debris (碎片)fields at the same time every year. “We call those meteor showers,” Oluseyi says. The Perseids and Leonid (英仙座和狮子座) are typically the most 35 , in August and November. During other times of year, check the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center for 36 “It’s just like taking a fishing trip: You check the weather first because you’d want to know what’s happening in the sky before you go,” Oluseyi says. Check the earth weather in advance too.
Even in clear skies, it can take a while, sometimes a few hours, before you see what you want, so go with friends to make the long outings more 37 . You don’t have to limit yourself to waiting for only shooting stars. Indeed, sometimes it helps to 38 for other things. “You can look for satellites and double stars,” Oluseyi says. “You can try to find Andromeda. Every time I go somewhere new, all over the earth, I gotta see what the night sky looks like from where I am.” Look up and let the shooting stars 39 you: “Suddenly you see something out of the corner of your eye and you turn your head and this bright, like ‘Woo’ thing 40 .”
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What phone should I get That was an important question immediately after the arrival of the iPhone and its competitors. But today’s smartphones (and tablets) are nearly 41 . Apple and Google (maker of Android phone software) have copied each other’s ideas so completely that the resultant phones are incredibly close in looks, price, speed and features.
These days the Apples and Googles of the world are 42 on a different battlefield: they’re racing to build the best ecosystem. Each is creating a huge series of interconnected products and services, making it easy for you to accept its offerings and as hard as possible to 43 a competitor’s. For consumers, the choice is now what set of products they like best.
If you’re one of these companies, though, you’ve got a difficult decision to make: Should you 44 your services to people who use your competitors’ products On one hand, making your software available to those outside your ecosystem could introduce the rest of the world to the 45 of your products—and possibly bring in new consumers. On the other hand, you would lose the 46 of those services as an advantage. Why would anyone switch if she or he can already get the best of a competitor’s offerings
So what approach are the giants taking It’s a(n) 47 bag.
Apple is the most closed. 48 , it writes apps only for iPhones and iPads. You can’t, for example, run the Apple Maps app on other companies devices. And you can’t use the Apple Watch with anything but an iPhone. Google goes to great lengths to make its wares available to other platforms. If you have an iPhone, you can use Google’s apps, services and even digital store. You can even link an Android Wear smartwatch with an iPhone.
Why such 49
It helps to understand the individual corporate 50 . Although the two companies offer so many similar devices and services, each is actually running on an entirely different business model. Apple is primarily in the business of selling hardware; Microsoft, software. Each has different 51 in calculating what to open up.
And Apple and Google continue to 52 ; both now offer, if you can believe it, software for your car dashboard (仪表盘) and home-automation system designed to work with their respective smartphones.
You, the consumer, should be delighted by this 53 . You should be happy there’s competition, which always brings about innovation (and often lower prices). And you should be pleased that overall the trend seems to be for these companies to make more of their services 54 , no matter which phone or computer you own.
Eventually the 55 may well become nearly the same, too. Maybe at that point, the question will once again become, “What phone should I get ”
41. A. unimaginable B. straightforward C. widespread D. identical
42. A. competing B. cooperating C. shrinking D. multiplying
13. A. switch to B. evolve into C. stand for D. set aside
44. A. put up B. take off C. open up D. cut off
45. A. dimension B. superiority C. criterion D. sponsorship
46. A. battle B. business C. uniqueness D. flexibility
47. A. expanded B. filled C. mixed D. deserted
48. A. In general B. By contrast C. What’s more D. On average
49. A. availability B. inconsistency C. thoughtfulness D. independence
50. A. clients B. accounts C. investors D. motives
51. A. courses B. considerations C. conservations D. circumstances
52. A. burst out B. scale up C. turn up D. branch out
53. A tradition B. tension C. subscription D. direction
54. A. accessible B. interactive C. affordable D. permanent
55. A. companies B. devices C. ecosystems D. prices
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In 2018, the New York Times published a story about Amadeo García, the last living speaker of Taushiro. He lives in the Amazon, and the article looked at how he came to be the only speaker left of his mother tongue. It’s a burden on his shoulders: he was the last hope for passing his language down to his children and allowing it to live at least one more generation.
UNESCO reports that in Europe alone, there are 640 languages currently in danger of extinction, with another 228 no longer spoken. With the influence of English across the internet around the world, there’s been talk of languages dying out faster than ever before. The Guardian recently reported on the low status of Icelandic due in large part to the use of English online. Every language isn’t automatically supported online. The languages you can use the most often are the languages most widely spoken in the world.
What happens to culture when a language dies Every language reflects a unique world-view with its own value systems, philosophy and particular cultural features. The extinction of a language results in the irrecoverable loss of unique cultural knowledge. When a language belonging to people in the Amazon dies, so too does that people’s knowledge of the rainforest, how they discuss and interpret certain aspects of how to live in and with that environment and the uses for plants that may still be unknown to the rest of the world.
Knowledge of the world isn’t the only aspect of culture that language is intimately tied to: language forms a critical aspect of a person’s and a community’s identity as well. Because language discloses cultural and historical meaning, the loss of language is a loss of that link to the past.
The loss of language, and therefore that cultural identity, can also lead to worse mental health within that community. A study published in 2007 in the journal Cognitive Development looked at the link between language knowledge and youth suicide rates among the aboriginal (土著) population in British Columbia. The results showed that youth suicide rates effectively dropped to zero in those few communities in which at least half the band members reported a conversational knowledge of their own native language.
56. Amadeo Garcia shoulders the responsibility of ________.
A. preserving the dying language of his own culture
B. giving birth to more children in the Amazon
C. introducing his mother tongue in interviews
D. protecting the Amazon for at least one more generation
57. The underlined phrase “the low status” in this passage refers to “________”.
A. Iceland is no longer regarded as a developed nation
B. the native language of Iceland can hardly be found on the internet
C. languages in Iceland are dying out faster than ever before
D. languages most widely spoken are automatically supported online
58. According to the passage, the loss of a language can lead to many consequences EXCEPT that ________.
A. we will fail to know the culture linked to the extinct language
B. people will not be able to figure out who they actually are
C. young people are more likely to suffer from mental problems
D. the cognitive development of aboriginal people will drop to zero
59. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage
A. Language Extinction and Cultural Collapse
B. The Negative Impacts of Language Extinction
C. The Last Living Speaker of Taushiro in Amazon
D. The Loss of Culture, Community and Mental Health
(B)
Fresh air and the right chairs are the key to a happy, healthy workforce, according to a new survey. We went to an office in an advertising agency, to find out how healthy and happy they were as working environments. Among our experts were a building healthy consultant; an ergonomist, who studies people’s working conditions; and an occupational psychologist. Here are what they said.
Building Health Consultant: This office is about as simple as it could possibly be; no central heating, no mechanical ventilation (通风设备), windows opening to straight onto the street, . It is difficult to see why this space works but the occupants, who are part of a small dynamic team, appear to have few complaints. They adapt to the changing seasons by opening doors and roof panels or switching on electric radiations-pretty much, perhaps, as they do in their own homes. This may be the key: a team of seven people have created a happy, homely working environment and do not have to put up with any externally imposed discomfort.
Ergonomist: The furniture here has evolved; no two pieces match. Much of it actually created bad working postures. Chairs are old, most aren’t adjustable and many are broken. Although in that way this environment is poor, the personnel have a varied work schedule, which they control-office work, out meeting clients, making presentations, and so on. This variety reduces the risk of exhaustion, boredom or muscular problems.
Occupational psychologist: Staff are delighted with the variety of work and the multiple functions of the office space. They said their office was ‘neither too big nor too small’—small enough to know what colleagues were doing, large enough to be able to be on your own and focus on personal work. I found the office attractive and fun, conveying images of efficiency and creativity at the same time.
60. Both Building Health Consultant and Ergonomist find that ________ of the advertising agency is/are far from satisfactory.
A. the working hours B. the employers’ mental state
C. the management’s policies D. the physical environment
61. According to the Occupational psychologist, what do staff think of the office
A. It has a perfect size. B. It prevents efficiency.
C. It has a creative design. D. It discourages communication.
62. All the three experts have found that ________.
A. the office space needs to be more lively
B. the employees work happily in the agency
C the employees’ health conditions are worrying
D. the office space has discouraged attention and confidence during working hours
(C)
To the average person, it must seem as if the field of artificial intelligence is making great achievement. According to some of the media accounts and press releases, OpenAI’s DALL-E2 can seemingly create spectacular images from any text; and a system called Gato that was released in May by DeepMind, reportedly worked well on every task the company could throw at it. One of the DeepMind’s high-level executives even went so far as to boast that in pursuing AI that has the flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence—known as artificial general intelligence, or AGI—“the game is over.”
Don’t be fooled.
AI is getting better-synthetic images look more and more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in noisy environments-but we are still likely decades away from general-purpose, human-level AI that can understand the true meanings of articles and videos or deal with unexpected barriers and interruptions. The field is stuck on precisely the same challenges that academic scientists have been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable and getting it to cope with unusual circumstances.
Take DALL-E2. It couldn’t tell the difference between an image of a red cube on top of a blue versus an image of a blue cube on top of a red cube. A newer system, released this past May, couldn’t tell the difference between an astronaut riding a horse and horse riding an astronaut.
When image-creating systems like DALL-E2 make mistakes, the result can be amusing. But sometimes errors produced by AI cause serious consequences. A Tesla on autopilot recently drove directly toward a human worker carrying a stop sign in the middle of the road, slowing down only when the human driver took action. The system could recognize humans on their own and stop signs in their usual locations but failed to slow down when faced with the unfamiliar combination of the two, which put the stop sign in a new and unusual position.
Unfortunately, the fact that these systems still fail to work reliably and struggle with novel circumstances is usually buried in the fine print. Gato, for instance, worked well on all the tasks DeepMind reported but rarely as well as other contemporary systems. A look at recent headlines, however, wouldn’t tell you about any of these problems.
For now we are trapped in a “local minimum” in which companies pursue benchmarks rather than foundational ideas. Current engineering practice is far ahead of scientific skills: these departments focus on making small improvements with the poorly understood tools they already have rather than developing new technologies with a clearer theoretical ground. This is why basic research remains crucial. That a large part of the AI research community (like those who shout, “Game over”) doesn’t even see that is, well, heartbreaking.
63. What does the DeepMind’s executive mean by “the game is over” (paragraph 1)
A. AGI is quite a frustrating area.
B. There has been great progress in AGI.
C. No more investment should be put into AGI.
D. Technology companies has put too much emphasis on AGI.
64. The Tesla on autopilot is mentioned in paragraph 5 in order to illustrate that ________.
A. consequences caused by AI can be amusing
B. AI is reliable in handling familiar situations
C. Tesla cars are not a good example of autopilot
D. AI cannot deal well with unexpected circumstances
65. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer thinks that ________.
A. more light should be cast on successful AI companies
B. more specific training programmes should be created for AI
C. more fundamental technologies should be developed for AI
D. more reliable benchmarks should be established for AI products
66. Which of the following statements best summarizes the writer’s viewpoint
A. Media should talk less about AI.
B. It is too early to be confident of AI.
C. Human-level AI will soon be a fact of life.
D. AI practice falls far behind related theories.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Theoreticians looked to them for calculating the equations of mathematical models. B. Biologists have made significant advances with this technique, notably with sequencing and editing genes. C. The experimenter and the theoretician were active in the sciences well before computers came on the scene. D. The information process provides a simulation for the physical process it models. E. But some experts argue that it depends on how people define computer using in science and experiments. F. But something more happened.
Computational Thinking in Science
Throughout most of the history of science and technology, there have been two types of characters. One is the experimenter who gathers data to reveal when a hypothesis (假设)works and when it does not. The other is the theoretician, who designs mathematical models to explain what is already known and uses the models to make predictions about what is not known. The two types interact with one another because hypotheses may come from models, and what is known comes from previous models and data. 67
When projects to build electronic computers started in the 1940s, scientists began discussion how they would use these machines. Nearly everybody had something to gain. Experimenters looked to computers for data analysis-looking through large data sets for statistical patterns. 68
Using the computer to speed up the traditional work of experimenters and theoreticians was a revolution of its own. 69 Scientists who used computers found themselves routinely designing new ways to advance science. Simularion (模拟)is a good example. By simulating airflows around a wing with a type of equation (called Navier-Stokes) that is broken out over a grid surrounding a simulated aircraft, aeronautical engineers largely eliminated the need for wind tunnels and test flights. Simulation allowed scientists to reach where theory and experiment could not. Scientists became computational designers as well as experimenters and theoreticians.
Another important example of how computers have changed how science is done has been the new way of treating a physical process as an information process, which allows more to be learned about the physical process by studying the information process. 70 Data analysts also have found that deep learning models enable them to make surprisingly accurate predictions of processes in many fields. For the quantities predicted, the real process behaves as an information process.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Do Weird (古怪的) People Make Better Artists
In one published experiment (there was a shole series of them), the participants were shown one of the two pictures of an imaginary artists called Stefasson. One was an ordinary-looking male in his twenties, while the other wan a man of the same age who “had long hair” and “had not shaved for several days”.
The results were interesting. The people who were shown the untidy Stefasson liked his wiled, unconventional art more than those who were shown the clean-shaven, suit-wearing Stefasson. The researchers say this preference is due to our desire for “sincerity” in an artist. What they mean by “sincerity” is that an artist’s style and appearance should go together. It sounds like a noble idea, but in fact, a huge body of great art, literature and music was created by artists who did not look weird. Are we supposed to label these lot of classic works boring and insincere If so, we would miss an awful lot of classic works, like Bach’s musical compositions and Shakespeare’s poems.
We are too much in love with the unconventional forms of art and the unconventional types that produce them. It is a strange sort of blindness to the fact that a lot of good art has been produced by people who were models of conventionality. Wesley Kant, a leading figure of abstract art, and Eric Cooper, pioneer of musical modernism, both dressed like bankers. Larry White, one of the founders of literary modernism, set out to look perfectly colorless in his suit and hat, just so he could fade into the background. It is the gap between their boring appearance and their wild inner world that makes these creators so attractive.
So as we explore the vast landscape of artist expression, let us not be blinded by the charm of the weird.
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 丢了手机这件事似乎完全没有令他不安。(seem)
73. 她做出一副对歌剧感兴趣的样子, 但事实并非如此。(pretend)
74. 这位世界游泳冠军的教练认为, 不同年龄段有各自应该培养的技能。(maintain)
75. 这家野生动物园推出了新项目, 游客可以近距离观察珍稀动物, 并为它们制作早餐。(which)
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
76. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Marylin的邮件。在邮件中, 她提到自己对于高中毕业后是留在英国升造还是来中国留学犹豫不决，想听听你的意见。回复一封邮件，内容须包括：
1) 你的建议；
2) 你的理由。