【特色专题专训】专题二 名词 2025年中考人教版英语总复习 （广东专版）（含解析）

专题二 名词
【图解语法】
【考点精讲】
考向1
名词的词义辨析
1.注重易混的名词词义辨析。如:
(1)family、 house、 home各“家”不同;
(2)sound、 voice、 noise “声音”差异;
(3)question、 problem “问题”不同。
2.注重同类名词的整合与分类。如:
表示职业(身份)的名词 driver司机,soldier士兵,farmer农民,worker工人,cleaner清洁工,teacher教师, writer作家, reporter记者, reader读者, actor演员, scientist科学家, manager经理, editor编辑……
表示身体部位的名词 body身体, head头, face脸, eye眼睛, ear耳朵, nose鼻子, mouth嘴巴, neck脖子, shoulder肩膀, arm手臂, hand手, finger手指, back背, knee膝盖, leg腿, foot/feet脚, tooth/teeth牙齿, tongue舌头, throat喉咙……
表示疾病的名词 pain疼痛,headache头痛,cough咳嗽,cold感冒, fever发烧, stomachache胃疼, toothache牙痛……
抽象名词 advice建议,action行动,exercise锻炼,decision决定,dream梦想,way方式,mistake错误,rule规则,problem问题,skill技巧,news新闻,help帮助,information信息,idea主意,study学习,plan计划,trip旅行……
日常生活类名词 watch手表,ticket票,pet宠物,gift礼物,stick棍子,door门,orange橘子,notebook笔记本,shower淋浴器,fridge电冰箱,fish鱼,ice-cream冰激凌,vegetable蔬菜……
突破训练
选择方框中的单词完成下列各题
doctor　education　silk
success　 production　
1.Yuan Longping is a world-famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice 　 　 has been increased greatly.
2.Hard work can bring you 　 　.
3.The skirt feels soft. It's made of 　 　.
4.Your sister can receive better 　 　 at school.
5.My father works in a hospital. He is a 　 　.
【参考答案】1.production　2.success 　3.silk　4.education　5.doctor
考向2
名词的数
1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
一般在词尾加s map / maps, Indian / Indians, book / books, pencil / pencils
以-s、 -x、 -ch、 -sh结尾的可数名词在词尾加es bus /buses, box /boxes, brush /brushes, church / churches,watch / watches, dish / dishes
以“元音字母+y”结尾的可数名词,直接在词尾加s; 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的可数名词,变y为i, 再加es boy/boys, key/keys, day/days, family/families, story/stories, baby/babies, city / cities
以-f、-fe 结尾的可数名词,将f或fe改为v再加-es half/halves, leaf/leaves, shelf/shelves, life/lives, wife / wives
以字母o结尾的可数名词 表示有生命的事物(包括植物)的名词,变复数时在词尾加es tomato/ tomatoes,hero/ heroes, potato/ potatoes
表示无生命的事物的名词,变复数时只在词尾加s radio/radios, piano/pianos, photo/ photos, zoo / zoos 注意:zero的复数形式有两种,即zeros/zeroes
★以元音字母o结尾的名词变复数
小贴士:
名词词尾字母o,单数+es变复数也不多。“英雄”爱吃“土豆”和“西红柿”,剩下“零”也不出错。
例词:hero / heroes,tomato / tomatoes,
potato / potatoes,zero / zeros或zeroes　
★以-f/-fe结尾的名词变复数
　　以-f/-fe结尾的名词,多数是将f/fe变为v,再加es。这类词可这样串联记忆:
小贴士:
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish
把a改为e man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen
oo变ee tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese
词尾加-ren child/children
只有复数 trousers, clothes, pants, scissors
易混易错
man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、two women doctors。注意:有些名词如maths、physics、politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。
★有关某国人的复数形式构成
小贴士:
世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。
例词:Chinese、Japanese、Englishman / Englishmen、Frenchman / Frenchmen; Indian / Indians、American / Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。
3.不可数名词的分类
物质名词 食物 bread, meat,rice, salt, wheat, cheese, fish, chicken...
饮料 juice, milk, tea, water, cola, coffee...
自然物质 air, soil, sand, wood...
抽象名词 情感、概念 peace, love, joy, happiness,time, news, knowledge...
学科 Chinese, English, maths, physics, chemistry, politics, history...
国家、城市等 专有名词 China, England, Japan, Sydney...
小贴士:
不可数名词成员多,常用词语记心头。茶水牛奶兑果汁,米肉面包和食盐;作业家务工作忙,幸福时间钱财多。即tea、water、milk、juice、rice、meat、bread、salt、homework、housework、work、happiness、time、money。
突破训练
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The three 　 　 (room) upstairs are so small that they don't have enough 　 　 (room) for a double bed.
2.The broken 　 　 (glass) may cut into your hand if you touch it.
3.The students went to the farm yesterday and saw many 　 　 (sheep) there.
【参考答案】1.rooms　room　2.glass　3.sheep
考向3
名词所有格
有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat
有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾的加“'” the teachers' office
(2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework
表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌)
表示两者或多者各自拥有 每个名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes(Jim和Sam各自的自行车)
双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's
of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine
of+one's own a house of my own
易混易错
's不全是名词所有格
It looks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写)
But her cat's white. 但是她的猫是白色的。(此句中的cat's应是cat is的缩写,而不是名词所有格)
突破训练
用括号内所给单词(组)的适当形式填空
1.There are five 　 　(cow) on the farm.
2.My home is about twenty 　 　(minute) walk from my school.
3.Do you know the woman who is talking with Mr. Black She is 　 　(Mary and Alice) mother.
4.Many people can find the difference between 　 　(Mr. Smith and Mr. Black) cars.
【参考答案】1.cows　2.minutes'　3.Mary and Alice's　4.Mr. Smith's and Mr. Black's
【随堂练习】
根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Johnny is so hungry that he can eat up all the 　 　 (bread).
2.This morning market sells different kinds of fresh 　 　 (fish).
3. How amazing! The little cat caught two 　 　(mouse) last night.
4.The little boy has to peel three baskets of 　 　 (potato) before lunch.
5.Jack spent about two hours sweeping the 　 　(leaf) in the back garden.
6.It's about twenty 　 　(minute) drive from my house to the park.
7.There are few spelling and grammar 　 　 (mistake) in Lily's homework.
8.The old man likes reading books very much. He owns two private 　 　 (library).
9.There are more than one hundred teachers in our school, and most of them are 　 　 (man) teachers.
10.My legs are thin and my 　 　(foot) are small.
11.Different people have different 　 　 (hobby).
12.You can look for 　 　 (information) about the park on the Internet.
13.She bought a pair of 　 　 (glove).
14.—Are those 　 　(sheep)
—No, they aren't. They're 　 　 (cow).
15.　 　( Lucy and Lily) room is on the 5th floor.
16.Those are 　 　(woman) scientists and we are proud of them.
17.They are　 　(Lily and Lucy) pictures. They are beautiful.
18.The movie named A Little Red Flower shows　 　(parent) love for their children.
19.It's about half an 　 　(hour) drive from here.
【参考答案】1. bread　2.fish　3.mice 　4. potatoes　5.leaves
6.minutes' 　7.mistakes　8. libraries　9. men　10.feet
11.hobbies　12.information　13.gloves　14.sheep 　cows　15. Lucy and Lily's　16. women　17. Lily's and Lucy's 　18.parents'　19.hour's
【仿真训练】
一、完形填空
A(原创)
Detective Zhang arrived home late on a Friday night after finishing a long and busy week of work. He was looking forward to a relaxing weekend.
But as he walked inside, his daughter Xiaoxiao came over to him with tears running down her　1　.
　　“Oh! What's wrong, my dear ” Zhang asked.
“Doudou broke my favorite 　2　!” she cried. She was talking about her little brother, who often caused 　3　 around the house.
“Doudou, is this true Did you break Xiaoxiao's glass ” Zhang asked.
“No! I walked into the kitchen when I heard her cry, and she was in front of the 　4　, with broken glass everywhere. She must have broken it herself,” Doudou said.
“I see. That's interesting. Xiaoxiao, can you tell me the last time you saw the glass ” Zhang asked.
“I filled it with some hot　5　and put it in the fridge earlier this afternoon so it would be cold later. I just wanted to have a cold drink to go with the spicy food I had for dinner,” she said.
“Okay. Well, I can tell you that it's not Doudou's 　6　. But it's not really your fault either—you should learn some　7　 lessons, in fact,” Zhang said.
( )1.A.face B.hand C.mouth D.foot
( )2.A.toy B.grass C.car D.glass
( )3.A.fight　 B.trouble C.ideas　 D.chances
( )4.A.fridge B.bed C.bike D.table
( )5.A.sand　 B.food C.water D.fruit
( )6.A.duty B.thing C.fault D.method
( )7.A.geography　 B.music C.science　 D.history
B
Once upon a time, many feelings lived on an island, including Happiness, Sadness, Love and others. One day the 　1　 were told that the island would sink, so they all made　2　and left except Love. Love was the only one who stayed there. When the 　3　 had almost disappeared into the water, Love decided to ask for help.
Richness in a big boat was passing by Love. Love asked, “Richness, can you take me with you ” Richness answered, “No, I can't. There is no 　4　 here for you.”
Love decided to ask Sadness, “Sadness, please help me!” “I can't help you. Love. I am so sad that I need to stay by myself!” Sadness answered.
Suddenly, there was a(n) 　5　, “Come here, Love. I will take you.” It was an old　6　. Love was happy and even forgot to ask where they were going. When they arrived at a safe　7　, the man walked away. Love asked Knowledge, “Who helped me ”
“It was Time,” Knowledge answered.
“Time ” asked Love. “But why did Time help me ”
Knowledge smiled and answered, “Because only Time can understand how valuable　8　is.”
( )1.A.feelings　 B.tourists C.passengers D.animals
( )2.A.friends　 B.boats　 C.houses　 D.fruits
( )3.A.island 　 B.forest　 C.town　 D.city
( )4.A.tool　 B.room　 C.food　 D.water
( )5.A.voice　 B.instrument C.basket　 D.noise
( )6.A.woman　 B.man C.dog D.chance
( )7.A.horse　 B.order　 C.place D.candy
( )8.A.love　 B.time　 C.money　 D.life
C
Ma Li is a dessert shop owner in Yinchuan, Ningxia. On a cool morning, she received an online 　1　 but it took her an hour to wait for the deliveryman (外卖送餐员).
When the deliveryman came, Ma was a little angry. “It is too cold outside and my　2　didn't work,” explained the deliveryman. After she heard his words, her 　3　 was gone. She invited him to sit for a while and offered him a cup of hot 　4　.
At that moment, Ma noticed the deliveryman's face and hands were dark purple because he was working outside for too long. She felt sorry for him. While they were talking, Ma knew that the deliveryman wanted to buy his daughter a 　5　 for her birthday, but he thought it was a little expensive.
After the deliveryman left, Ma shared what happened just now on her WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈) with two　6　 of the deliveryman.
Heartwarming comments on the photos poured in, such as “Life is not easy but none of us give up!” “Thumbs up (点赞) for hard-working people.” and “Showing　7　to deliverymen.”
The next day, Ma got in touch with the deliveryman and invited him to her shop. When they met, Ma expressed people's 　8　to him and gave him a cake for his daughter's 　9　. The deliveryman was thankful.
Ma received more than 600 yuan in donations (捐献)from her friends and customers. She said she would use the 　10　to offer some help to people in need.
( )1.A.gift B.order C.ticket D.invitation
( )2.A.head B.leg C.plane D.motorbike
( )3.A.anger　 B.happiness C.sadness D.joy
( )4.A.water 　 B.wine　 C.fruit 　 D.rice
( )5.A.schoolbag 　 B.cake C.coat 　 D.computer
( )6.A.letters B.names C.photos D.articles
( )7.A.wrong 　 B.mistakes C.money D.understanding
( )8.A.kindness B.preparation C.importance D.laugh
( )9.A.success　 B.marriage C.birthday D.graduation
( )10.A.clothes B.money C.books D.time
二、短文填空
Many years ago, there lived a very rich man. He wanted 1.　 　 do something nice for the people in his town. So he hoped to find out who was worth getting his help. First of all, he put a big 2.　 　in the center of the main road in the town. Then he hid behind a tree and watched.
Soon 3.　 　 farmer came along with his cow. “4.　 　 put this stone in the center of the road ” said the farmer. But he did 5.　 　 remove the stone. He passed the stone quickly and continued his way. Then several other people came and did the 6.　 　thing as the farmer did. All of them complained about the stone, 7.　 　no one removed it.
In the late afternoon, a young man came. He saw the stone and said, “It will be dark soon, and there are no street lamps here. Someone may fall over the stone. It must be very 8.　 　.” The young man began to move the stone. After the stone was moved to one 9.　 　 of the road, he found a bag of money and a 10.　 　under the stone. The note said, “The money is for the thoughtful person who cares about other people. That person deserves help in return.”
【参考答案】
一、
A
1~5　ADBAC　6~7　CC
B
1~5　ABABA　6~8　BCA
C
1~5　BDAAB　6~10　CDACB
二、
1.to　2.stone　3.a　4.Who　5.not　6.same 　7.but　8.dangerous　9. side　10.note