课件19张PPT。第十节 非谓语动词考点梳理 非谓语动词是指动词在句子中不单独做谓语时采用的形式,包括不定式、动名词、分词 (现在分词、过去分词) 三种。它们没有人称和数的变化,但它们仍然有动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语、状语等,在句子中起到名词、形容词或副词的作用,充当谓语之外的其他句子成分。 ?考点 1 动词不定式 to do 考点梳理1.不定式的句法功能:?
(1) 作主语?
To give is better than to take.
奉献总比索取好。
To play football in the street is dangerous.
在街上踢足球是危险的。?
而现代英语中通常采用这样的句型:It is + adj.+ (for sb.) + to do (sth.)…这个句子中It是形式主语,真正的主语是复合结构for sb. to do sth.。使用这种结构,主要是为了使句子考点 1 动词不定式 to do考点梳理平稳,以避免头重脚轻。如:
It is necessary for you to take enough exercise. 你们有必要积极锻炼身体。?
It is often difficult to stop smoking. 戒烟常常很难。?
①如果所使用的形容词说的是某人sb.的情况,在逻辑上可以做sb.的表语,则sb.前应加介词of。如:?
It’s kind of you to say so. (=You are kind to say so.) 你这么说真是太好了。?考点 1 动词不定式 to do 考点梳理It is good of your friend to help me tonight. (=Your friend is so good to help me tonight.) ?
今晚有你朋友帮我真是太好了。?
②right后多用介词for; wrong后多用介词of。如:?
It was right for him to do so. 他这样做是对的。
It was wrong of him to do so. 他这样做是错的。
(2) 做表语?
①不定式做表语常用来表示预定要发生的动作,也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设。如:考点 1 动词不定式 to do考点梳理Your work is to study hard. 你的工作就是努力学习。
②be about+不定式做表语也具有将来的含义。如:?
Many of the birds are about to die.
许多鸟类濒临灭绝。?
I didn’t think he was about to pass the exam.
我原以为他考试会不及格。?
当不定式所做的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这个不定式只做单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义。如:?考点 1 动词不定式 to do 考点梳理As I was a cleaner, my job was to clean street. 正因为我是个清洁工,我干的活就是打扫街道。
His wish was to become a film star. 他的愿望是当一个电影明星。??
(3) 作宾语?
①大部分动词,既能用动名词作宾语,又能用不定式做宾语,但有一部分动词,只能用不定式作宾语。这些常见的动词有: wish, try, fail, hope, need, promise, want, know, help, learn等。如:?考点 1 动词不定式 to do考点梳理I don’t know where to go.
我不知道应该往哪里走。?
Children like to play with yo-yos.
孩子们喜欢玩悠悠球。?
②在复合宾语中,当不定式做直接宾语,而后面还有宾语补足语时,这时可以把不定式放在补足语后面,而用形式宾语it代替它。如:
I find it easy to learn English well.
我发现要把英语学好很容易。?考点 1 动词不定式 to do考点梳理We think it our responsibility to help the people in trouble. 我们认为帮助困境中的人是我们的职责。?
③某些结构后面必须使用不带to的动词不定式。常见的有:would you please 请您; had better (best) 最好还是;would (had) rather 宁愿; would sooner 宁愿; rather than 而不是等。 如:
He preferred to stay at home rather than go out for a walk with her. 他想待在家,而不跟她去散步。?考点 1 动词不定式 to do 考点梳理Mike said he would rather not see a film. 迈克说他不愿去看电影。?
④but, than, except后可跟带to的不定式,也可跟不带to的不定式。如:?
He could do nothing but wait.
他除了等待别无他法。?
比较:He had no choice but to wait.
他除了等待别无他法。?
The pianist does nothing else than play the piano. 钢琴家只是弹钢琴。?考点 1 动词不定式 to do 考点梳理(4)做宾语补足语?
英语中许多动词可用不定式做宾语补足语,常见的动词有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, drive, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, get, help, invite, let, have, hear, make, notice, order, prefer, remind, see, teach, tell, think, urge, want, warn等。如:?
Father asked Tom to open the door.
爸爸让汤姆去开门。?考点 1 动词不定式 to do 考点梳理Mr.Wang told Henry not to be late for school again. 王老师告诉亨利上学别再迟到了。?
①动词make, let, hear, watch, see, feel, have, notice等动词后面做宾语补足语的不定式一般不带to。如:?
The tiger made one of the smaller animals bring him something to eat every day.?
老虎让其中一只比自己小的动物每天给它带吃的来。?
I let him do it. 我让他做这件事。?考点 1 动词不定式 to do 考点梳理②作动词help的宾语补足语,动词不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。如:?
Will you please help me (to) carry the box upstairs? 请你帮我把箱子搬到楼上去好吗?
(5) 做目的状语?
动词不定式在剧中可做目的状语。如:?
I came here only to borrow a book from you. 我是专程来这里向你借一本书的。?考点 1 动词不定式 to do 考点梳理动名词具有名词的特性。他在句子里主要起主语、宾语和介词宾语的作用。?
(1) 作主语:通常情况下表示一种抽象、泛指的动作,而不是一次性的具体的动作。动名词做主语时,常采用形式主语it。如:?
Skating on such thin ice is dangerous.?
It is dangerous skating on such thin ice. 在这样薄的冰上滑冰很危险。?
“There is no…”和 “It is no…”这两种结构中常用动名词。?考点 2 动名词 doing考点梳理It is no use crying. 哭是没有用的。?
There is no use asking him to think of others. 要求他为他人着想是没有用的。?
(2) 作宾语:英语中有些动词只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式,这些动词有:?
admit 承认 avoid 避开 can’t help 禁不住 consider 考虑?be busy 忙于…… enjoy 喜欢 excuse 原谅 finish 完成?mind 介意
practise 练习 miss 错过 suggest 建议?考点 2 动名词 doing 考点梳理I can’t help crying. 我忍不住哭了。?
Would you mind my smoking here?
你介意我在这儿抽烟吗??考点 2 动名词 doing考点 3 分词 doing和done 的用法分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。他在句子中可做表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。现在分词具有主动和进行的意思。?考点梳理(1) 现在分词与过去分词做表语的区别:现在分词常用来说明事物,过去分词常用来说明人。如:?
amazing 令人惊讶的 amazed 感到惊讶的?
boring 使人厌烦的 bored 感到厌烦的?
surprising 令人惊异的 surprised 感到惊异的
The story was exciting. We were excited at the story.
这个故事激动人心。我们为这个故事而激动。考点 3 分词 doing和done 的用法考点梳理English is so interesting. The boy is interested in it.
英语非常有趣。这男孩儿对它感兴趣。?
(2) 分词做宾语补足语。如:?
I saw the girls crying in the room. 我看见女孩们正在房间里哭。?
He spoke slowly to make himself heard clearly. 他讲得很慢以使别人听清他的话。?考点 3 分词 doing和done 的用法考点梳理(3) have 和get亦可用过去分词做宾语补足语,表示动作不是由主语完成而是让别人完成。如:?
I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天把头发理了。
You’d better get it done before Friday.
你最好在星期五之前让人把工作完成。?
(4) 许多动词可以带分词做宾语补足语。如:
see hear feel keep get find have notice watch like smell??考点 3 分词 doing和done 的用法课件13张PPT。第十一节 情态动词考点梳理 1.定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。? 考点 1 情态动词的基本概述 2.特点:?
(1) 绝大多数情态动词无人称和数的变化 (have to除外)。?
(2) 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,即:情态动词+动词原形。?考点梳理否定式构成是在其后面加not,即:情态动词+not+动词原形。?
(3) 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去、现在或将来。
3.常见的情态动词归类:?
(4) 只作情态动词:can, could, may, might, must?
(5) 可作情态动词,也可作实义动词:need?考点 1 情态动词的基本概述考点梳理 (3)可作情态动词,也可作助动词:will, would, shall, should?
(4)特殊的情态动词: have to, ought to?
考点 1 情态动词的基本概述考点 2 can的基本用法 1.表示有能力做某事,意为“能够; 会”。
He can speak English. ?
—Can you play basketball??
—No, I can’t.?考点梳理 2.表示许可或请求许可,意为“可以”。?
—Can I take a look at your new watch??
—Yes, please!?
3.表示推测,一般用在疑问句中或否定句中,即can be表推测,意为“可能是”; can’t be表示否定推测,意为“不可能”。 ?
Can the news be true??
Mr. Zhang can’t be in the office. He has gone to the library.?考点 2 can的基本用法考点梳理 4. could为can的过去式,它可以代替can用于现在时态,但语气较为客气、委婉。?
Could I use your computer??考点 2 can的基本用法考点 3 may的基本用法1.表示许可或者请求许可,意为“可以”。
You may come if you wish.?
May I come in??考点梳理 2.在回答以may提问的问句时,肯定回答一般可仍用may或Yes, please./Certainly./Sure./Of course. 否定回答根据说话人的语气由强到弱分别选用: mustn’t/can’t/may not.?
—May I watch TV??
—No, you mustn’t. You must play the piano first.?
3.表示可能性或推测,意为“可能; 也许”,用于肯定句。?考点 3 may的基本用法考点梳理It may rain later this afternoon.?
【辨析】may be & maybe?
在may be中,may是情态动词,be是动词原形,两者构成完整的谓语形式,表示“可能是; 也许是”,一般用在句中。?
maybe是副词,表示“可能; 也许”,一般用在句首。?
He may be right. = Maybe he is right.?
4.表示祝愿。?
May you succeed at your goal.?考点 3 may的基本用法考点梳理1.意为“必须”,强调说话人的主观意识。否定形式mustn’t,意为“禁止”,语气强烈。?
We must stop talking.?
You mustn’t smoke here.?
2.表示推测,意为“一定是”,一般用于肯定句中。?
She looks pale. She must be ill.?
3.在回答以must提问的疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。?考点 4 must的基本用法考点梳理—Must I finish it today??
—Yes, you must.?
—No, you needn’t./No, you don’t have to.考点 4 must的基本用法考点 5 need的基本用法1.意为“需要; 必要”,作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中。?
You needn’t hand in your homework tomorrow.?
Need I attend the meeting this afternoon?考点梳理2.在回答以need提问的疑问句时,肯定回答一般用must,否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to。
—Need we arrive at school early??
—Yes, you must.?
—No, you needn’t.?
【拓展】
need还可作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化。?
(1)如果人作主语,一般后接动词不定式,即need to do sth.? 考点 5 need的基本用法考点梳理His parents think he needs to study hard.?
(2)如果物作主语,一般用need doing或need to be done.?
The bike needs repairing.=The bike needs to be repaired.?考点 5 need的基本用法考点梳理1.意为“必须; 不得不”,强调客观条件使得必须这样做。?
We have to leave right now. It’s getting dark.?
2.有人称、数和时态的变化。?
She has to give up her job because of her illness.
The teacher had to repeat his question.?考点 6 have to的基本用法课件29张PPT。第十二节 数词与主谓一致考点梳理 表示数目和顺序的词叫做数词。数词又分基数词和序数词,基数词表示数量;序数词表示顺序,大多是由基数词变形而成。 ?考点 1 基数词的基本用法考点梳理考点 1 基数词的基本用法1.基数词的构成?
(1) 1到12是各自独立的形式(2) 从13~19均是后缀-teen结尾,特殊拼写的词:thirteen, fifteen, eighteen?
(3) 从20~90的整十数词均以后缀-ty结尾。考点梳理考点 1 基数词的基本用法(4) 100及100以上基数词: hundred百; thousand千; million百万; billion十亿
2.基数词的写法 ?
(1) 21~99 的两位数,十位与个位之间用连字符“?”。如: ?
21 twenty-one; 32 thirty-two;
98 ninety-eight; 99 ninety-nine?考点梳理(2) 101~999的三位数,百位数和后面的数之间用连词and,百、千等数词一律用单数形式。如: ?
101 one hundred and one ?
225 two hundred and twenty five ?
999 nine hundred and ninety-nine?
(3) 1000以上的数,从右边开始数,每三位中间点“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为 million,第三个“,”前为billion。如: ?考点 1 基数词的基本用法考点梳理考点 1 基数词的基本用法2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight ?
16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four ?
5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand, two hundred and thirty-four 考点梳理考点 1 基数词的基本用法3.基数词的其他用法?
(1) hundred、thousand、million和billion与具体数字连用时,不加s和of; 但当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百上千、成千上万等,基数词则以复数形式出现。如:?
two hundred books/hundreds of books ?
three thousand trees/thousands of trees ?
There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有数以百计的人。 ?考点梳理考点 1 基数词的基本用法Thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马俑博物馆。?
(1) 表示“几十”的基数词复数形式,可用来表示人的岁数或年代。?
He went to America in his thirties. 在他三十多岁时,他去了美国。?
This music band was very popular in the 1990s. 在20世纪90年代,这支乐队十分受欢迎。 考点梳理考点 1 基数词的基本用法(3) 时间表示法 ?
①钟点都由基数词表示。如:
It’s nine. 现在九点。?
②几点几分表示法:?
A.顺读法:连用两个基数词,第一个表示“点钟”,第二个表示“分钟”。如:?
◆5∶40 five forty ◆2∶30 two thirty
◆1∶15 one fifteen ?考点梳理考点 1 基数词的基本用法B.倒读法:先读“分”后说“点”。30分钟以内,用“分钟数”+past+“钟点数”表示“几点过几分”;超过30分钟,用“分钟数”+to+“下一个钟点数”表示“差几分到几点”。15分钟也可以用a quarter,30分钟也可以用a half。如:?
◆2∶15 a quarter past two ◆2∶45 a quarter to three ◆1∶55 five to two ?
◆7∶05 five past seven ◆5∶35 thirty five past five ◆9∶30 half past nine 考点梳理考点 2 序数词的基本用法1.序数词的构成 ?
(1) 一般来说,是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。如: ?
four+th →fourth; six+th →sixth ?
seven+th →seventh; ten+th →tenth?
(2) 有特殊变化的序数词。如: ?
one →first; two →second; three →third; five →fifth; eight →eighth; nine →ninth;
twelve →twelfth?考点梳理考点 2 序数词的基本用法(3) 十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i,然后再加eth。如: ?
twenty →twentieth; thirty →thirtieth; forty →fortieth; ninety →ninetieth?
(4) 两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。如: ?
twenty-one →twenty-first;
thirty-five→ thirty-fifth ;
a hundred and fifty-three →a hundred and fifty-third?考点梳理考点 2 序数词的基本用法考点梳理考点 2 序数词的基本用法特殊变化的单词:考点梳理考点 2 序数词的基本用法2.序数词的其他用法 ?
(1) 序数词在使用时,一般加上定冠词。如:
◆the first book ◆the second floor
◆the third day ◆the fourth week?
(2) 序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词a,用来表示“再一”,“又一”的意思。如:?
You may have a third try. 你可以第三次尝试。
(3) 日期表示法 ?
①年的读法:用基数词,分成两位一读?考点梳理考点 2 序数词的基本用法如: ?
◆1949 nineteen forty-nine
◆1840 eighteen forty ?
②月份的名称要大写。如:?
◆January ◆February ◆March ◆April ?
③日期用序数词表示,前面可加the,也可以省略。如:?
◆5月4日 May (the) fourth
◆10月1日 October (the) first ?考点梳理考点 2 序数词的基本用法④年、月、日的顺序: 按月、日、年的顺序来读。如:?
◆1949年10月1日 October (the) first nineteen forty-nine ?
◆1999年5月1日 May (the) first nineteen ninety-nine?
表示“年、月”用介词in,如in 2000, in May; 表示“具体在某日”用介词on,如on July 8。?
考点梳理考点 3 主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则,就近原则。?
1.语法一致: “单则单,复则复”,指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。如:?
Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 ?
There are five apples on the table.
桌子上有5个苹果。?考点梳理考点 3 主谓一致 2.意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这时谓语动词用单数形式。如:?
My family are having lunch now.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。?
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.
这本书20美元太贵了。?考点梳理考点 3 主谓一致3.就近原则:谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近它的主语。如:?
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.?
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生们也喜欢踢足球。?
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。?考点梳理考点 3 主谓一致主谓一致常考知识点:?
1.单数名词(代词)或不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。复数名词(代)词作主语,谓语用复数。如:?
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是Tom的。?
Some water is in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
The students are playing football on the playground. 学生们在操场上踢足球。
考点梳理考点3 主谓一致2.表示时间、价格、重量、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,谓语用单数形式。如:
One and a half hours is enough.
一个半小时就足够了。?
Twenty dollars is enough. 20美元足够了。?
Two months has passed.已经过去2个月了。?
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 20磅并没有那么重。
3.动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:??考点梳理考点3 主谓一致To see is to believe. 眼见为实。?
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.
做眼部运动对你的眼睛有好处。?
4.主语为one of, each of等加复数名词或代词,谓语用单数。如:?
One of my favorite sports is basketball.
篮球是我最喜欢的运动之一。?
Each of them has an English dictionary.
他们当中每一个人都有一本英语词典。?考点梳理考点3 主谓一致5.不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如:?
Is everyone here today?今天大家都到了吗??
Something is wrong with him.他出了一些问题。
Nobody was in.没有人在里面。?
6. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,谓语动词用单数。?
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
7. family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。如:考点梳理考点3 主谓一致His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。 ?
My family all like watching TV.
我们一家人都喜欢看电视。?
8.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:?
Both his father and his mother are teachers.
他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。?
9. a number of+复数名词表示“许多……”,谓语动词用复数; the number of+复数名词表示“……的数字”,谓语动词用单数。 ?考点梳理考点3 主谓一致A number of famous people were invited to the party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 ?
The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。?
10. the+形容词:表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示抽象概念时,用单数形式。 ?
The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.
穷人很快乐,富人却过得不快乐。?
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。?考点梳理11. or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语,或者there、here开头,连接两个或两个以上主语的,谓语动词采用就近原则。 ?
Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。
Either this one or that one is OK.
这一个或那一个都行。?
There is a book and three pens on the desk.
桌子上有一本书,三只钢笔。?考点 3 主谓一致考点梳理 Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。?
12.当主语部分含有with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, except, but, like等介词短语时,谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。与介词短语之后的名词无关。
The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. 像苹果,橙子等水果对我们身体有益。考点 3 主谓一致考点梳理 Mike with his father has been to England.
迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。?
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football.
迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。??
考点 3 主谓一致课件16张PPT。第十三节 句子的种类考点梳理 按交际用途,可分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。?考点梳理考点 1 陈述句1.概念:陈述一件事或表述一种看法。有肯定和否定两种形式。?
2.否定句的结构有四类: ?
①be动词后加not;?
②其他助动词后加not,有have, has, had, will, shall, would, 情态动词;?
③动词原形前加don’t;?
④动词三单形式前加doesn’t, 动词用回原形。?考点梳理3.不带not的否定句,即句中含有no (没有), no one, nobody (没人), nothing (没有什么), never (从来不), little (少到几乎没有), few (少到几乎没有), neither (两者都没有), nor (两者都没有), none (一个也没有), seldom (很少),hardly (几乎不)。?考点 1 陈述句考点梳理 疑问句:提出问题。有以下四种:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句。
一、一般疑问句?
1.构成:be动词/助动词/情态动词+动词原形+其他成分。?
2.回答:以yes作肯定回答,以no作否定回答。
二、特殊疑问句?
1.构成:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。?
2.回答:针对特殊疑问词作答。?考点 2 疑问句考点梳理3.【辨析】how long & how often & how soon & how far ?
—How long have you lived in Zhuhai??
—For about fourteen years.?
—How soon will your aunt come to Zhuhai??
—In two weeks. ?
—How often do you watch TV??
—Twice a week(一周两次).?
—How far is it from here to the nearest supermarket??
—About ten minutes’ walk (十分钟的路程).?考点 2 疑问句考点梳理【结论】?
How long: “多久时间”,针对时间长度提问,回答用for/about+一段时间。?
How soon: “多久之后”,问句用一般将来时,回答用in+一段时间。?
How often: “多久一次”,针对频率提问。?
How far: “多远”,针对距离提问。?
考点 2 疑问句考点梳理4.易用错的特殊疑问词。?
—What is your email address?
—12345678@qq.com. (此处不能用where提问)
—What is the price of the coat?(=How much is the coat?) —It’s 200 yuan.?
—What subject do you like best? —Math.?
—What do you think of the film? —It’s great.
—What is your opinion about the film?
—It’s interesting.?
—How do you like the film? —It’s terrific.?考点 2 疑问句考点梳理—Whose book is over there? —It’s hers.?
—What’s your sister like? —She is tall and beautiful. (What’s…)like? 问人或物怎样)
三、选择疑问句?
1.构成:疑问句+or+选择部分。?
2.回答:从所给的选项中择一回答或全盘否定后给出新的选项。
四、反意疑问句 ?
1. 构成:陈述句+简短问句;前肯后否,前否后肯。?考点 2 疑问句考点梳理(1) 在反意疑问句中,little, few, hardly, seldom, nobody, nothing表否定意义,问句部分用肯定形式。?
There is little food in the fridge, is there??
(2) 在反意疑问句中,否定前缀(un-, in-, im-, il-, dis-)和否定后缀(-less)表肯定意义,问句部分用否定形式。?
He looks unhappy, doesn’t he??考点 2 疑问句考点梳理2.回答:根据事实回答,情况是肯定的就用肯定回答,情况是否定的就用否定回答,不受陈述句部分的肯定或者否定影响。如针对She didn’t take part in the sports meeting提问。?
①—She took part in the sports meeting, didn’t she??
—No, she didn’t.?
②—She didn’t take part in the sports meeting, did she??
—No, she didn’t.?考点 2 疑问句考点梳理3.一些须熟记的固定搭配:?
Let’s do something, shall we?
Let us do something, will you??
Don’t do something, will you?
Do something, will you? /won’t you??考点 2 疑问句考点梳理 感叹句通常由what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。?
What修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词或者整个句子。?
1. What + (a/an)+ adj.+ n.+(主+谓)!(名词可以是单数名词,复数名词,不可数名词)?
What a good boy (he is)!
What good boys (they are)! ?
What good weather (it is)!?
考点 3 感叹句考点梳理考点 3 感叹句2. How+ adj./adv.+(主+谓)!?
How good the boy is!
How good the weather is!?
3. How+句子!?
How time flies! 时间过得真快啊!考点梳理考点 4 祈使句 祈使句通常用来表示命令、请求、建议、或 劝告等,主语省略。?
1.构成:肯定句:动词原形/be动词开头。?
否定句:Don’t+动词原形/be动词…?
2.肯定祈使句和否定祈使句的答语。?
—Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.? —OK, I will.?
—Don’t forget to bring your homework to school tomorrow.? —OK, I won’t.?考点梳理考点 4 祈使句3.常考的带祈使句的两个句型。?
Do sth., and you’ll… 做某事,你就会……?
Do sth., or you’ll… 做某事,否则你就会……
Work hard, and you’ll pass the exam.
= If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam.?
Work hard, or you’ll fail the exam.
= If you don’t work hard, you’ll fail the exam.? 课件30张PPT。 第十四节 主从复合句考点梳理考点 1 宾语从句 宾语从句属于名词性从句,在句子中相当于一个名词词组,在全句中充当主句的宾语。在中考题中比较常见。主要考查其引导词,语序和时态。?
1.宾语从句的引导词?
(1) 宾语从句是陈述句,引导词用that,在口语中that可以省略。如:?
We all think (that) he is hard-working.我们都认为他是勤奋的。?考点梳理考点 1 宾语从句(2) 如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来,其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下,二者可以通用,但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用whether。如:?
I don’t know if/whether he will come here.
我不知道他是否将来这儿。?
Sorry, I don’t know whether she will come or not. 对不起,我不知道她是否会来。?
?考点梳理考点 1 宾语从句(3) 宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,引导词就是特殊疑问词。如:?
Could you tell me where the library is?
你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗??
The teacher asked the students what they were talking about.
老师问学生们他们正在谈论什么。
2.宾语从句的时态?
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的,一般有几种情况:考点梳理考点 1 宾语从句(1) 主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的时间状语用相应的任何时态。如:
He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work tomorrow.
他说他明天将会叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
(2) 主句的时态为过去时态时,从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。
Miss Yang said she missed us very much.
杨老师说她非常想念我们。?考点梳理考点 1 宾语从句(3) 从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时,从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。?
He said that the sun is bigger than the moon.
他说太阳比月亮大。?
3.宾语从句的语序?
(1) 在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句要使用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。?考点梳理考点 1 宾语从句I want to know when the train left.
我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
(2) 有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如:
What’s wrong with…?
Which is the way to…??
What happened to you?
What’s the matter/trouble…??
Who studies the hardest in your class??考点梳理考点 1 宾语从句(3) do you think后接宾语从句时,特殊疑问词即引导词要前置,do you think作为插入语。
Who do you think he is talking with?
你认为他正在和谁交谈?
?
考点梳理考点 2 定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词,代词或某一句子的从句叫做定语从句,其功能相当于一个形容词。中考重点考查由that,which,who引导的定语从句。?
1.定语从句的关系代词:?
在定语从句中,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose引导。
(1) who,whom,that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。?考点梳理考点 2 定语从句 Is he the man who/that wants to marry you??
他是想娶你的那个人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)?
He is the man (who/whom/that) I hit yesterday.?
他是昨天我打的那个人。(who/whom/that在从句中作宾语)?
(2) which,that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。?考点梳理考点 2 定语从句 Betty likes music that/which is sad and gentle.?
贝蒂喜欢轻柔伤感的音乐。(that/which在从句中作主语)?
The cup (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.?
我放桌子上的杯子是蓝色的。(that/which 在从句中作宾语)?
(3) whose用来指人或物。(只用作定语)?
Please pass me the book whose cover is red.请把封面是红色的那本书递给我。
考点梳理考点 2 定语从句 2.关系词只能用that而不用which的情况:?
(1) 当先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。?
This is one of the most exciting basketball games that I have ever seen.
这是我所看过的最激烈的一场篮球赛。?
(2) 当先行词前有一个序数词修饰时。?
The first thing that you could do was to calm down.你首先要做的就是冷静。?考点梳理考点 2 定语从句(3) 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none等不定代词时 (something后也可用which)。?
All that I have to do for my family is worthwhile.我所有要为家族做的事都是值得。?
I will buy everything that I need.我将会去买我所需要的一切东西。
(4) 当先行词前面有only, all, any, no等词修饰时。?考点梳理考点 2 定语从句 That’s all that I can do for you.这就是我能为你做的全部。??
(5) 当先行词既有人又有物时。?
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.
他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。?
3.关系词只能用who (whom) 而不用that的情?
(1) 当先行词为any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如:?考点梳理考点 2 定语从句 Anyone who breaks the rules in the test will be punished.
任何在考试中违规的人都会受到惩罚。?
(2) 当先行词为that, this, those或these且指人时。如:?
Those who didn’t hand in homework need to go to the office right now.
那些没交作业的人现在都要去办公室。?考点梳理考点 2 定语从句(3) 当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时,在口语中用who或whom引导均可,但如直接位于介词后作宾语时,只能用whom。如:?
The guest (who/whom) I’ll first introduce to you is a well-known writer.
我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位位著名的作家。?
I met a few students, among whom was my monitor.
我遇见几位学生,其中一位是我的班长。?考点梳理 复合句中,充当状语成分的从句叫做状语从句。中考对状语从句的考查一般都会和从属连词相结合,重点是在状语从句中考查从属连词的运用和辨析。?
状语从句的几种类型:?
引导时间状语从句的连接词:when, as, while, after, before, till, until, since, as soon as等;?
引导原因状语从句的连接词:because, since, as等;?考点 3 状语从句考点梳理考点 3 状语从句引导目的状语从句的连接词:so that, in order that等;?
引导结果状语从句的连接词:so…that…, such…that…等;?
引导条件状语从句的连接词:if, unless, as long as等;?
引导让步状语从句的连接词:although, though, even though等;?
引导比较状语从句的连接词:than, as…as…,not so/as…as等。?考点梳理考点 3 状语从句考点梳理考点 3 状语从句考点梳理考点 3 状语从句(2) not…until和until的用法?
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 车没停,请勿下车。?
(get off这个动作直到stop这个结束后才开始。)?
He waited for his father until (till) his father came back. 他一直等到他爸爸回来。?
(wait这个动作直到爸爸came back时才停止。)
考点梳理考点 3 状语从句2.让步状语从句?
(1) although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。?
Although they are poor, (yet) they are kind. 尽管他们贫穷,但他们很友善。?
(2) even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。?
Even though you hate me, I’ll always love you. 即使你恨我,我也会总是爱你。?考点梳理考点 3 状语从句3.原因状语从句:because, as, since 因为?
(1) 表示不知道的原因时用because, 即说话人认为听话人不知道,却又是最直接的原因,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后。?
注:①在回答why的问句时,只用because回答。?
②because与so不能同时用在同一个句子中。
—You want to know why I’m leaving? 你想知道我为什么离开吗??考点梳理考点 3 状语从句—I’m leaving because I’m bored. 我离开是因为我厌倦了。??
(2) 表示已经知道的原因时用as或since, 即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反。?
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said, “Since everyone is here, let’s start.”?考点梳理考点 3 状语从句4.目的状语从句:that, so that, in order that 为了; 为的是?
He studies hard so that/in order that he can go to Peking University.
他努力学习为的是考上北京大学。?
注:目的状语从句不可置于句首,常跟may, might, can, could, would等情态动词连用。?考点梳理考点 3 状语从句5.结果状语从句:that, so that, so…that, such…that… 太/如此 ……以至于……?
常用句式:so+形容词/副词+that从句; such+名词+that从句。?
He ran so quickly that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得如此之快我无法追上他。?
She is so kind that everyone likes her. 她是如此友善,以至于每个人都喜欢她。?
Tom is such a good boy that I can’t forget him.
汤姆是个这么好的男孩以至于我无法忘记他。考点梳理考点 3 状语从句They are such excellent children that their parents feel proud of them.
他们是如此优秀的小孩, 他们的父母都引以为傲。
?
考点梳理考点 3 状语从句6.比较状语从句:than, as…as…, not so/as…as?
Jenny finished this task much better than you (did). 这项任务珍妮完成得比你好。?
The little boy ran as fast as his father did in his early age.
这个小男孩跟他爸爸年轻时跑得一样快。?
I cannot eat as much as you do.
我不能和你吃得一样多。 考点梳理考点 3 状语从句7.条件状语从句:if如果, unless(=if…not) 除非, so (as) long as只要, once一旦?
He will go home if he is free.
如果他有空,他会回家。(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)?
You will fail the test unless you study hard. = You will fail the test if you don’t study hard. ?
除非你努力学习,否则你将会考试不及格。(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)?考点梳理考点 3 状语从句 As long as you win the game, you will get everything you want.?
只要你赢得这场比赛,你将会获得你所想要的一切。(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)?
Once you go out of this house, you will have nothing.?
一旦你走出这个家,你会一无所有。(主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时)? 课件11张PPT。 第十五节 构词法考点梳理 语言学家把研究词的内部结构和构词法的学问称为词法学(morphology)。英语的主要构词法有: 复合词(compound), 派生法(derivation), 转化法(conversion), 缩略词(acronym), 合成词(blending), 逆成词(backformation), 省略词(clipping), 首字母缩略(initialism), 外来词(loan-word)。?考点梳理考点 1 派生词(前缀,后缀)考点梳理考点 1 派生词(前缀,后缀)考点梳理考点 1 派生词(前缀,后缀)考点梳理考点 1 派生词(前缀,后缀)考点梳理考点 2 转化法?
考点梳理考点 2 转化法 考点梳理考点 3 合成法 考点梳理考点 3 合成法 考点梳理考点 3 合成法 课件11张PPT。第一节 冠词冠词的基本概述考点梳理1. 定义:冠词是虚词,本身并没有实在意义,不能单独在句子中充当成分,在句子中不重读。?
2. 特点:?
(1)冠词位于名词之前,帮助说明名词的 含义?
(2)不定冠词表示泛指?
(3)定冠词表示特指?冠词的基本概述考点梳理3. 常见的冠词归类:?
(1)不定冠词a/an?
(2)定冠词the?
(3)零冠词/(即不用冠词)?考点 1 不定冠词 a/an的基本用法考点梳理a用于其读音以辅音音素开头的单词前; an用于其读音以元音音素开头的单词前。?
1) 表示数量“一”,一般与单数的可数名词连 用。?
I have a computer at home.?
There is an apple in my hand.?
2) 泛指某一个人或事物中的一个。?
An elephant is stronger than a cow.?考点 1 不定冠词 a/an的基本用法考点梳理3) 表示数量,有“每一”的含义。?
We have three meals a day.?
4) 用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。?
You can try it a second time if you fail.?
5) 用在某些数目的表示法中。?
a hundred 一百 a quarter 一刻钟
a thousand一千?
6)用于某些固定的短语中。?
a few, a little, have a rest, a lot of,
have a good time…?考点 2 定冠词 the 的用法考点梳理1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。?
Beijing is the capital of China.?
2) 表示上文提到过的人或事物。?
My father has a car. The car is black.?
3) 指双方都知道的人或物。?
Please open the door.?
4) 用在世界上独一无二的名词前。?
The sun is bigger than the moon.?考点 2 定冠词 the 的用法考点梳理5) 用在序数词和形容词或副词的最高级前。
March is the third month of a year.??
Peter is the tallest boy in the class.
6) 用于乐器名词前。?
Can you play the piano??
7) 用于姓氏的复数形式前表示“一家人”。?
The Greens live in London.?
8) 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。?
The Great Wall/the United Nations?考点 2 定冠词 the 的用法考点梳理9) 用于某些形容词前表示“一类人”。?
The young should take care of the old.?
10) 用于方位名词前。?
Beijing is in the North of China.?
11) 用在一些习惯用语中。?
in the morning (afternoon/evening)
/on the right/in the end…?
考点 3 零冠词的用法考点梳理1) 用于不可数名词,复数可数名词前表示泛 指。?
They are teachers.?
2) 在某些节假日,季节,星期,月份,年份 的名词前。?
He works from Monday to Friday.?
I went to Beijing in October, 2008.?
Teachers’ Day is on Sept.10.?考点 3 零冠词的用法考点梳理3) 在一日三餐,语言,学科,球类和棋类运动的名词前。?
I usually have breakfast at 7.?
The girl speaks English well.?
We had a wonderful dinner last night.?
4) 在国名,地名,人名等专有名词前。?
Mary is from France.?
Beijing is the capital of China.?考点 3 零冠词的用法考点梳理5) 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。?
Who is better, President Bush or President Obama??
6) 当名词前有this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every 等代词时。?
I don’t like this kind of chocolate.?
Is there anything in your other hand?
7) 在某些习语及搭配中要用零冠词。?
at night/at work/go to school…?课件11张PPT。第二节 名词考点 1 名词的数考点梳理1.单数和复数?
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:?
(1) 一般情况在词尾加-s。如:book—books, girl—girls, boy—boys, pen—pens, doctor—doctors。?
(2) 以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es。如: bus—buses, class—classes, box—boxes, watch—watches, brush—brushes。?考点 1 名词的数考点梳理(3) 以ce, se, ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加-s。如:orange—oranges。?
(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es。 如:city—cities, factory—factories, country—countries, family—families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加-s。如:boy—boys, day—days。?
(5) 以o结尾的词多数都加-es。如:hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。考点 1 名词的数考点梳理如:zoo—zoos, radio—radios,还有某些词也只加-s。如:photo—photos, piano—pianos。
(6) 以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es。如:knife—knives, leaf—leaves, half—halves
(7) 少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如:man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。如:an Englishman, two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;考点 1 名词的数考点梳理man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers, women teachers。
有个别名词单复数一样。如:Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。?
(8) 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。?
(9) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:ten-minute walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。?考点 1 名词的数考点梳理(10) 还有些名词仅有复数形式。如:trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, goods, ashes, scissors。?
(11) 只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:?
科学名词:physics, mathematics/maths
专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls?
其他名词:news, falls?考点 1 名词的数考点梳理2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法?
在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:?
(1) 用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少。如:?
The rich man has a lot of money.
There is some milk in the bottle.?
Is there any water in the glass?
I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice.?考点 1 名词的数考点梳理(2) 用a piece of 这类定语。如:?
a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of bread
a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea?
a bag of rice, three bags of rice?
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数。如:?
two cups of tea, four pieces of paper, three glasses of water?
不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。?考点 2 名词的所有格考点梳理名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。?
1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 ’s,其复数形式是s’。如:a student’s room, students’ rooms, father’s shoes。如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 ’s。如:Children’s Day。?
2. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 ’s。如:a twenty minutes’ walk, ten miles’ journey, a boat’s length, two pounds’ weight, ten dollars’ worth。考点 2 名词的所有格考点梳理3. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。如:a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
4. 双重所有格。如:a friend of my father’s。?
【注意】如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 ’s,则表示“分别有”。如:?
John’s and Mary’s rooms (约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间); Tom’s and Mary’s bikes (两人各自的自行车)。?考点 2 名词的所有格考点梳理两个名词并列,只有一个 ’s,则表示“共有”。如:?
John and Mary’s room (约翰和玛丽共有一间); Tom and Mary’s mother (即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。?
课件11张PPT。第三节 代词考点 1 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词考点梳理 1. 人称代词
(1) 人称代词的人称、数和格的变化,它分为主格和宾格两种形式。它们之间的转化如下:考点 1 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词考点梳理(1) 主格在句中做主语。?
I like my school very much.?
(2) 宾语在句中做动词或介词的宾语。?
Mr. Chen will teach them English next term.
I bought a gift for him yesterday.?
(3) 人称代词做表语时一般用宾格。?
—Who is knocking at the door??
—It’s me, Lily.考点 1 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词考点梳理考点 1 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词考点梳理物主代词的用法:?
(1) 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,不可单独使用,在句子中用做定语,后面必须接被修饰的词。?
His sister is a junior high school student.?
(2) 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,可做主语,宾语或表语。?
This is her pen. Mine is over there.?
(3) 名词性物主代词可与名词及of连用构成双重所有格,即:a/an+名词+of+名词性物主代词。He is a friend of mine.?考点 1 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词考点梳理3. 反身代词
反身代词的单复数形式如下表:考点 1 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词考点梳理反身代词在句子中用做宾语,表语,同位语。
Did you enjoy yourself at the party? (作宾语)
Betty did homework herself. (作同位语)?
The tall girl in the middle of the photo was myself. (作表语)考点 2 指示代词的用法考点梳理1. this和these指距离说话人相对较近的人或物;指代距离相对较远的则用that,those。This is my pen and that is your pen.
2. 在电话用语中,this指“我”,that指“你”。?
Hello! This is Bob. Is that Tom speaking??
3. that和those常用在比较结构中,that代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词; those代替前面提到的复数名词。?
The apples on this tree are bigger than those on that one.?考点 3 不定代词考点梳理1. some与any的区别?
(1) some多用于肯定句,表示“一些”,后面可以接不可数名词,可数名词复数。?
Look! Some students are playing on the playground.?
(2) any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句,表示“一些,任何”,后面可以接不可数名词,可数名词复数。?
If you have any questions, please ask the teacher.
There isn’t any fruit in the fridge.??考点 3 不定代词考点梳理Have you got any juice?
(3) 当疑问句表示建议、请求时,多用some,不用any。?
Could you lend me some money??
2. no (无)只能作定语,修饰不可数名词和可数名词单数或复数。?
There is no students in the classroom.?考点 4 疑问代词考点梳理课件13张PPT。第四节 形容词考点 1 形容词的定义、用法及位置考点梳理形容词修饰名词或不定代词,表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态,在句子中主要用作定语、表语、补足语、状语等。?
1.作定语,放在名词前, 不定代词后。如:
He is an honest boy.?
He has something important to tell you.?
2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。常见的系动词有be 动词,look, seem, taste, sound, feel, smell, become, grow, get等。如:???
??考点1 形容词的定义、用法及位置考点梳理The chicken smells good.
3.有些形容词只能作表语, 所以称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰:afraid, alive, alone, asleep, awake等以字母“a”开头的形容词。?
4.大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly等仍为形容词。如:She is a lovely girl.有些以-ly结尾的既为形容词,也为副词: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly。如:考点1 形容词的定义、用法及位置考点梳理This is Mary’s daily life.
We go shopping weekly.?
5.作宾补,放在宾语后面,常与make, keep, leave等动词连用。如:?
Please keep the room clean and tidy.?
6.形容词加上定冠词the可泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连用。如:?
We should take care of the old. ?
The poor are losing hope.?考点1 形容词的定义、用法及位置考点梳理7.多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+形状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+材料+名称。如:?
Look at those three beautiful large square old brown wood tables.?考点 2 形容词比较等级的构成和用法考点梳理1. 大多数形容词有比较级和最高级的变化。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。?
(1) 规则变化:单音节词和少数双音节词,词尾加-er, -est来构成比较级和最高级。?
(2) 不规则变化。
2. 形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法。?
(1) as+形容词原级+as?
在否定句或疑问句中可用so+形容词+as。如:
He can’t run so/as fast as you can.?考点 2 形容词比较等级的构成和用法考点梳理(2) 形容词比较级+than?
①比较级不能重复使用,但比较级前可用much, even, still, a little, a bit, rather, far, a lot来修饰。如:?
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.?
(对) He is cleverer than his brother. ?
可以说:He is much cleverer than his brother.?
②要避免将主语包含在比较对象中。如:?
(错) He is taller than any student in his class.?
(对) He is taller than any other student in his class.考点 2 形容词比较等级的构成和用法考点梳理(对)He is taller than the other students in his class.
③要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。?
The population of Beijing is larger than that of Zhuhai.?
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.?
④要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有冠词。如:?
Which is larger, China or Britain? = Which is the larger country, China or Britain??考点 2 形容词比较等级的构成和用法考点梳理⑤The+比较级+主谓,the+比较级+主谓。?
The harder you work, the more money you will get.?
⑥比较级+and+比较级?
The city is becoming cleaner and cleaner.?
The garden is becoming more and more beautiful.?
考点 2 形容词比较等级的构成和用法考点梳理⑦比较级用于否定结构,表示“最……不过”?
I can’t buy anything better.我买不到比这更好的东西了。
(3) the+最高级+比较范围?
①形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the (最高级前有形容词性物主代词修饰的除外)。形容词most 前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示“非常”。?
It is the busiest day. (最高级前要有the)?
It is my busiest day. (最高级前有代词,不用the)考点 2 形容词比较等级的构成和用法考点梳理It is a most important meeting. = It is a very important meeting.?
②使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。?
(错) Mary is the most beautiful of her four sisters.
(对) Mary is the most beautiful of the four sisters.
③句型转换:?
Jack is the smartest in his class. = Jack is smarter than any other student in his class.?考点 2 形容词比较等级的构成和用法考点梳理 Nothing is so easy as this. = Nothing is easier than this. = This is the easiest thing.?
④倍数的表达。?
A is 数词times + as…as + B.?
The red box is three times as heavy as the blue one.?
A is 数词times + the+ n. + of B.?
The red box is three times the weight of the blue one.??考点 2 形容词比较等级的构成和用法考点梳理A is 数词times+ adj. 比较级+than B.?
The red box is twice heavier than the blue one.?
⑤一半的表达:half as…as?
This book is half as thick as that one.课件16张PPT。第五节 副词考点梳理用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句, 说明方式、程度、地点、时间或频度等。?
(1) 方式副词:well, fast, slowly, carefully等。
(2) 程度副词:very, much, almost, enough等。
(3) 地点副词:here, there, out, home等。?
(4) 时间副词:today, soon, already, now等。
(5) 频度副词:never, sometimes, often, usually, seldom, once等。?
(6)其他:also, early, perhaps, too, only, either等。?考点 1 副词的种类考点梳理一、变化规则
副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同。
1. 单音节词?
(1) 副词和形容词同形,单音节,比较级在词尾加-er,最高级在词尾加-est。?
fast—faster—fastest hard—harder—hardest loud—louder—loudest?
(2) 以字母“e”结尾的副词, 比较级加-r,最高级加-st。?考点 2 副词的比较级和最高级考点梳理late—later—latest?
(3) 以辅音字母y结尾的副词,比较级和最高级先变y为i,再加-er,-est。?
early—earlier—earliest?
2. 双音节和多音节词,前面比较级加more,最高级加most。?
accurately—more accurately—most accurately carefully—more carefully—most carefully?
gracefully—more gracefully—most gracefully politely—more politely—most politely?考点 2 副词的比较级和最高级考点梳理有些副词有两种形式,都可以?
slowly—slower/more slowly
quickly—quicker/more quickly?
loudly—louder/more loudly
softly—softer/more softly?
neatly—neater/more neatly?
3. 不规则变化?
well—better—best badly—worse—worst little—less—least?
much—more—most far—farther—farthest?考点 2 副词的比较级和最高级考点梳理二、副词比较级和最高级的用法?
(1) 单独使用:?
Try to do better next time. 下次争取做得更好。
I had seen the film only a few days earlier.
我是几天前才看的这部电影。?
He’ll come back sooner or later.
他迟早会回来的。?
Please speak more slowly. 请讲慢一点。?
I determined not to travel farther that night.
我决定那天晚上不再往前走了。 考点 2 副词的比较级和最高级考点梳理(2) 和than一起使用:?
He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。
He works less than he used to.
他工作的时间比以前少了。?
Can you do any better than that?
你能不能干得好一些??
He arrived earlier than usual. 他到得比平时早。
He studied the subject further than I do.
这问题他研究得比我深。?考点 2 副词的比较级和最高级考点梳理 (3) 比较级前可有状语修饰:?
You must work much faster.
你必须大大加快干活的速度。?
He walked no further. 他没再往前走。?
She could dance even more gracefully than a dancer. 她能比舞蹈演员跳得更优雅。?
Helen came late, but her sister came still later.
海伦来晚了, 而她妹妹来得更晚。?
Can you come over a bit more quickly?
你能稍稍快点来吗??考点 2 副词的比较级和最高级考点梳理4. as…as和not so…as结构,这两个结构也可结合副词使用:?
(1) as…as 可用在肯定句中,表示 “像……一样”,后面的副词要用原级:?
She can run as fast as a deer.
她能跑得像鹿一样快。?
They work as hard as you do.
他们工作像你一样努力。?
I hate him as much as you do. 我像你一样恨他。
I’ll be round as quick as I can. 我将尽快过来。考点 2 副词的比较级和最高级考点梳理(2) 在否定句中,as…as和so…as都可以用:
I don’t go there as much as I used to.
我现在到那里不像过去那么多了。?
I didn’t do as (so) well as I should.
我做得不如我应做的那么好。?
I can’t jump so (as) high as Peter.
我跳高不如彼特。?考点 2 副词的比较级和最高级考点梳理(3) 这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语:
I don’t speak half as (so) well as you.
我讲得不及你的一半好。
She can read twice as fast as he does.
她阅读的速度比他快一倍。?
This type of machine works three times as fast as the other one.
这种机器的工作速度是另一种机器的三倍。?考点 2 副词的比较级和最高级考点梳理1.按一般规则,如果有几个时间状语,小单位的在前,大单位的后。?
The class begins at 8∶00 in the morning.?
2.按一般规则,地点状语的位置,范围小的在前,范围大的在后。?
He works in a car factory in Shanghai.?
3.方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用连词连接。?
Please write slowly and carefully.?考点 3 副词在句中的排列顺序考点梳理4.多个不同的副词排列:方式+地点+时间。
Please do your homework carefully in the classroom this afternoon.
考点 3 副词在句中的排列顺序考点梳理1. close与closely?
close意思是“近”; closely 意思是“接近地”。
He is sitting close to me.?
Watch him closely.?
2. late 与lately?
late意思是“晚”; lately 意思是“最近”。?
You have come too late.?
What have you been doing lately??
考点 4 副词辨析考点梳理3. deep与deeply?
deep意思是“深”,表示空间深度; deeply时常表示感情上的深度,“深深地”。?
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.?
Even father was deeply moved by the film.?
4. high与highly?
high表示空间高度; highly表示程度,相当于much。?
The plane was flying high.?
I think highly of your opinion.?考点 4 副词辨析考点梳理5. wide与widely?
wide表示空间宽度; widely意思是“广泛地”,“在许多地方”。?
He opened the door wide.?
English is widely used in the world.?
6. free与freely?
free的意思是“免费”; freely 的意思是“无限制地”。?
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.?
You may speak freely, say what you like.?考点 4 副词辨析课件28张PPT。第六节 介词考点梳理 介词是一种虚词,用来表示词与词之间,词与句之间的关系,在句中不能单独作句子成分。
中考对介词的考查主要集中在:
(1)表示时间的介词;
(2)表示方位和运动方向的介词;
(3)常用介词用法辨析;
(4)介词与其他词类的搭配。 ?考点梳理1. in?
(1) 在……时间内(星期、月、季节、年份;上午,下午,晚上): in March, in Spring, in the morning?
(2) 在大地点范围内: in China, in the world
(3) 在一段时间后: I will return to my hometown in a week.?
(4) 用……语言: Can you say it in English??
(5) 穿……衣服: The woman in blue is my mother.?
(6) 在某方面:His brother does well in maths.?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理2. on?
(1) 在……上方(与物体有接触): There is a book on my desk.?
(2) 在……时间(具体某一天): on Monday, on May Day, on a spring morning?
(3) 关于……: This lecture is on science.?
(4) 在……一边: on the left, on the right?
3. at?
(1) 在……地点(较小的地方): at the airport, at home, at school??考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理(2) 在……时间点: at 4 o’clock, at this time
(3) 在…… 方面: She is good at dancing.?
(4) 朝……方向: point at the tree?
(5) 表示速度与价格: You should drive a car at a high speed.?
(6) 对……感到(情绪): He is surprised at the news.?
4. by?
乘坐交通工具: We often go to work by bus.
(2) 用于被动语态: The cake is made by myself.考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理(3) 通过……方式: We improve our English by speaking as much as possibly.?
(4) 在……附近: The lady is sitting by the window.?
(5) 用…… 时间之前: They had finished the task by ten last night. ?
(6) 从……旁边经过: Lauran passes by the post office every day.?
5. for?
(1) 一段时间: We have stayed here for a week.考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理(2) 为,给,适合于(对象): These books are suitable for children.?
(3) 由于,表示原因: Polar bears can’t feel cold for its warm coat.?
(4) 对于……: Swimming is good for our body.?
(5) 前往某地: They will leave for London tomorrow.?
6. of?
(1) 表从属关系,属于……: a friend of his?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理(2) 由于,因为: die of disease/because of her illness?
(3) 某部分,或全部: Every of them passed this exam.?
(4) 表示某种性质或内容: a basket of apples?
(5) 表示数量和种类: all kinds of flowers, a cup of tea?
(6) 关于,对于: hear of?
(7) 表示同位: a city of Beijing?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理7. about ?
(1) 大约: It is about 100 meters high.?
(2) 关于: The film is about scientists.?
8. over?
(1) 在……上方: There is a bridge over the river.
(2) 超过: Over 10 students go to school by bike in our class.?
(3) 越过: climb over the high mountain?
(4) 遍布于: all over the world?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理9. to?
(1) 给……: Please give history book to me.?
(2) 对……: be kind to sb.?
(3) 到……: go to the zoo?
(4) 差多少时间: twenty to five?
10. with ?
(1) 和……一起: My brother sometimes plays football with me.?
(2) 有……: (表伴随状态): a girl with a pair of glasses/a house with three rooms?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理(3) 用……工具: cut watermelons with knives?
(4) 随着: With these words, the man came into the room.?
11. without?
没有: I went to work without breakfast this morning.?
12. 穿过,通过,经过:?
(1) across (表面通过): The dog swam across the other side of river.?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理(2) through (空间中穿过): The red car goes fast through the tunnel.?
(3) past (路过,经过): half past nine?
13. since?
(1) 自从……以来: since then, since 1949?
(2) 由于,既然: He was late for school since he got a cold.?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理14.除了……?
(1) besides (包含在内,除……之外还有): We are all here besides Tom. (包括Tom在内大家都到了。)?
(2) except (除外): We are all here except Tom. (除了Tom之外,大家都到了。)?
(3) but: 相当于except,但but通常与表示否定的不定代词连用。?
There is a nothing in the room but a bed.?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理(4) except for (表示整体除去其中的一部分): Her composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.?
15. after?
(1) 在……之后:After school, Simon joined the army.?
(2) 跟随: run after?
16. before?
(1) 在……地点之前: He stood before me.?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理(2) 在……时间之前: I didn’t go to bed before I finished the homework.?
17.behind (在……后面):a bloom behind the door?
18.beside (在……旁边):a park beside my house
19.在……之间?
(1) between (两者之间): I sit between Lucy and Lily.?
(2) among (三者或以上之间): I am sitting among the trees.?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理20. around?
(1)大约: She is around 30 years old.?
(2)在……周围,环绕着: The moon goes around the earth.?
21. as 作为: As a student, I should obey the school rules.?
22. under 在……下方: a ball under the table?考点 1 常见介词的意义和用法考点梳理1.与动词搭配:?
consist of 由……组成 dream of 梦想
get rid of 摆脱? think of (about)思考 instead of 代替; 而不是
be made of (or from) 由……制成?
receive from 接到 suffer from 生……(病) separate from 把……分开 believe in 相信 be interested in 有兴趣
base on 在……基础上? depend on 依靠 rely on 依靠 belong to属于?考点2 常见的介词搭配考点梳理challenge to 向……挑战
compare with 与……比较
listen to 听? prefer to 更喜欢
arrive at (in) 到达 look at 看?
stare at 盯……看 ask for 请求 apologize for 因……道歉?
look for 寻找 pay for 为……付款
prepare for 准备? search for 寻求
thank for 感谢 wait for 等候?
agree with 同意
communicate with 与……交流?考点 2 常见的介词搭配考点梳理2.与名词搭配:?
at first 首先 at last 最后
at that moment 在那时刻? at table 在吃饭 at most 至多 at least 至少?
at home 在家 at school 在学校 by accident 偶然;意外地?
by bus 乘坐公交车 all kinds of 各种各样的 by the way顺便提一下?
in the end 最后;终于 in fact事实上
in time 及时? in surprise 惊讶地 考点 2 常见的介词搭配考点梳理in all 总共 in trouble 处于困境?
in a hurry 匆忙地 in the open air 在户外
in line 排成一行? in bed 在床上
in hospital 在医院 on foot步行 ?
on the way to 在去……的途中 on duty 值日 on holidays 在假期里?on show 展出;展览 on one’s own 独自地 on time 准时?
with the help of 在……的帮助下?
to one’s surprise 使……惊讶的是?考点 2 常见的介词搭配考点梳理3.与其他词搭配:?
be angry with 生某人的气 be keen on 喜爱 be fond of 喜欢
be interested in 对……感兴趣
be happy with 对……感到满意?
be famous for 因……而闻名
be busy with 忙于……?
be amazed at 对……感到惊异
be made of 由……制成(可看到原材料)?
be made from由……制成(不能看到原材料)考点 2 常见的介词搭配考点梳理be made by 由……制造?
be made into 被制造成……
be made up of 由……组成?
be made in 在……制造
be late for 迟到
be proud of 为……感到骄傲?
be strict about/with 对……要求严格
be different from 与……不同?
be short of 缺乏……
be sure of 确信 ??考点 2 常见的介词搭配考点梳理be ashamed of 感到羞耻
look after 照顾
take care of 照顾
do well in 在某方面做得好
come up with 想出
catch up with 赶上;追上
get on well with 与……相处融洽考点 2 常见的介词搭配考点梳理1. in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上?
on a cold morning 在某个寒冷的早上 (某天的早上)?
2. in front of 在(范围外的)前面?
in the front of 在(范围内的)前面?
3. in 和after 接一段时间表示“在……之后”,前者用将来时,后者用过去时。?
The boys will return to hometown in an hour.?
The boys went to the hometown after an hour.考点 3 介词的常见考点考点梳理4. by, in和with 表示“用”, by表示用“手段、方法”; in表示用“语言”; with表示用“工具”。
We can communicate by body language.?
He can read it in English.?
Copy down these with pens.?
5. across指从物体表面通过; through指从物体空间穿过。?
They walked across the road quickly.?
They walked through the forest safely.?考点 3 介词的常见考点考点梳理6. except 除外……; besides 除……之外,还有……?
Students go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.?
Besides swimming, I like jogging.?
7. between (两者之间); among (三者或以上之间)?
There is a bridge between London and Paris.?
The old man is sitting among the kids.?考点 3 介词的常见考点考点梳理8. in, on, to 表示方位,但含义不同。?
Shenzhen lies in the south of Guangdong province.?
Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan.?
Japan lies to the east of China.?
9. for 接时间段,since 接时间点。?
He has been in the city for a long time.?
He has been in the city since two days ago.?考点 3 介词的常见考点考点梳理10. arrive in接大地点; arrive at 接小地方; get to 加地点; reach直接加地点。?
arrive in Shenzhen/arrive at the airport/get to the airport/reach the airport??
考点 3 介词的常见考点课件11张PPT。第七节 连词考点梳理考点 1 连词的基本分类 连词可以分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子的连词叫做并列连词。根据其意义,并列连词又可分为表示联合,转折,选择和因果等关系的连词。考点梳理
1.表示联合关系的并列连词有and, both…and…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等。如:?
He is not only my teacher but also my friend.
他不仅是我的老师,而且是我的朋友。?
2.表示转折关系的并列连词有but, while, yet, however等。如:?
He is poor, but honest.
他很穷,但他很诚实。?
I was born in Xi’an while I grew up in Changchun. 我出生在西安,然而我在长春长大。考点 2 并列连词的基本用法考点梳理3.表示选择关系的并列连词有or, or else, otherwise (否则,不然), either…or…, rather than。如:?
Would you like tea or coffee??
You may wear either of the coats.?
You must be joking, or else you’re mad.?
你一定在开玩笑,否则你疯了。
4.表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for, then, therefore等,常可放在句首表示因果关系。如:
He felt no fear, for he was very brave.
他没感到害怕,因为他很勇敢。?
Your advice is right, therefore they will take it.
你的建议是对的,因而他们会听取的。?考点 2 并列连词的基本用法考点梳理 1.从属连词: 引导宾语从句的从属连词。?
(1)that 引导的宾语从句:表示陈述意义的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导,that本身没有意义,而且常省略。如:?
I think (that) you can help me.?
(2)whether 与if引导的宾语从句:表示“是否”等一般疑问意义的宾语从句,由从属连词whether 或if引导。 如:She asked me if I knew the answer.?
(3)wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句:带有“谁,谁的,什么时候,什么地方,怎样,为什么”等特殊疑问意义的宾语从句,由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词 when, where, how, why 引导。如:?考点 3 从属连词的基本用法考点梳理Could you tell me how to get to the school?
你能告诉我怎样到达学校吗?
2.从属连词:引导状语从句的从属连词。?
(1)引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when, while, as, after, before, since, till/until, as soon as。如:?
When it rains, I go to school by bus.?
I knew nothing about it until he told me.?
注意:when 和while 均可引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。但when既可以引导持续性动作,又可引导短暂性动作。而while引导的动作必须是持续性的。?考点 3 从属连词的基本用法考点梳理(2)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有as, because, since。如:?
I didn’t go to school because I was ill yesterday.?
Since everybody is here, let’s begin.?
(3)引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where, wherever 等。如:?
Wherever she may be, she will be happy. 无论在什么地方她都会很快乐。?
Where is a hill, there is water. 有山的地方就有水。?
(4)引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if, unless, so/as long as等。如:?
If he rings me up, I will tell you.?考点 3 从属连词的基本用法考点梳理We will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.?
(5)引导目的状语从句的从属连词有that, so that, in order that等。如:?
He left early so that he can catch the early bus.?
He took medicine on time in order that he might get well.
(6)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so, so that, so/such…that…, that等。如:?
She is such a good student that we all like her. 她是一个好学生,我们都喜欢她。?
(7)引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though, although, as, even if, even though, however, whatever, whoever, no matter+疑问词。 如:?
Though he is old, he still works hard.?考点 3 从属连词的基本用法考点梳理(8)引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。如:?
She speaks English as if she were an Englishman.
她讲起英语来就好像是英国人似的。?
(9)引导比较状语从句的从属连词有as, as…as…, not so…as…, than。如:?
She works harder than before. 她比以前更加努力工作了。?考点 3 从属连词的基本用法考点梳理由并列连词 (and, but, or, so, not only…but also, however, neither…nor, either…or, still) 把两个或两个以上的互相独立的分句连接而成的句子叫做并列句。并列句之间的关系有并列、转折、选择、因果等关系。?
1.并列关系?
He is a lovely boy and he is helpful.他很可爱,乐于助人。
2.转折关系?
I can come, but will be a little late.我能来,但是要稍晚一些。?
注:although/though 和but不能出现在同一句里。
?考点 4 并列复合句考点梳理
3.选择关系?
Either give a hand, or leave right away.或者帮忙,或者立刻离开。?
4.因果关系?
She is kind to the others, so all of us love her.
她对别人很好,所以我们都喜欢她。?
注:because和so也不能出现在同一句里。??考点 4 并列复合句课件9张PPT。第八节 动词时态考点梳理考点梳理考点梳理1.一般情况下,直接在动词的词尾加-s。如:stop—stops take—takes?
2.以-sh、-ch、-o、-s、-x结尾的动词在词尾加后缀-es。如:wash—washes
watch—watches go—goes do—does guess—guesses fix—fixes?
3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的把y改为i再加后缀-es。如:study—studies carry—carries?
▲不规则动词: have—has?考点 1 行为动词的第三人称单数形式的规则变化(-es/-s)考点梳理1.一般直接在动词的后面加-ed。如:walk—walked play—played ask—asked?
2.以字母e结尾的规则动词加-d。如:arrive—arrived live—lived move—moved?
3.以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(w和y除外)的重读闭音节”结尾的动词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如:stop—stopped?
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词改y为i再加-ed。如:cry—cried hurry—hurried try—tried 考点 2 规则动词的过去式的规则变化(-ed/-d)考点梳理1.一般情况下,直接加-ing。如:cook—cooking read—reading look—looking?
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加-ing。如:make—making have—having write—writing?
3.以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ing。如:run—running stop—stopping swim—swimming sit—sitting begin—beginning?考点 3 动词现在分词的规则变化(v.-ing)考点梳理4.以y或w结尾的动词,直接加-ing。如:play—playing fly—flying throw—throwing?
5.▲die (死)—dying lie (躺; 说谎)—lying tie (系; 捆)—tying?
考点 3 动词现在分词的规则变化(v.-ing)考点梳理used to do sth.表示过去经常做,但现在已不再维持的习惯或动作。?
be/get/become used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事考点 4 used to do sth. 和be used to doing sth.的用法区别: 考点 5 现在进行时的特殊用法现在进行时可表示将来,常用动词有come, go, leave, start, move等。?考点梳理如:Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. 快点,否则你会错过这趟公交汽车的。 考点6.“祈使句+and/or+句子”结构中后面的句子中的谓语可用一般将来时。?课件6张PPT。第九节 动词语态考点梳理 动词的语态主要分为:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 ★中考重要时态的被动语态考点是:
(1)一般现在时 (2)一般过去时
(3)一般将来时?考点梳理考点 1 不同时态的被动语态考点梳理1.系动词 (feel, taste, sound, seem, look, smell, get, become, turn, appear)和表示事物的某些功能特性的动词(sell, go, ride, write, wash) 无被动语态。如:?
(1) The food taste delicious.?
(2) This kind of book sells well.?
2. 不及物动词 (appear, die, happen, take place…) 无被动语态。如:?
An accident happened near the subway station yesterday.?考点 2 无被动语态的情况考点梳理3.主动语态感官动词 (hear, see, notice, watch…) 和使役动词 (make, let, have) 常接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但用于被动语态中作宾补的不定式一定要加上to。如:?
I often hear him sing English songs.?
He is often heard to sing English songs.?
考点 2 无被动语态的情况考点梳理双宾语中,表示事物的直接宾语做被动语态的主语时,被动语态形式后加上介词to或for。如: give, pass, show, lend, tell, bring, buy, promise…
(1) My friend gave me a cake.?
A cake was given to me.?
(2) My mother bought me a dress.?
A dress was bought for me.??考点 3 被动语态的其他运用