人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet Discovering Useful Structures课件（共15张）

(共15张PPT)
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 3 The Internet
Learning aims
1. To learn the present perfect passive voice.
2. To find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms.
Leading-in
Read the pairs of pare the different verb forms of the underlined parts.
Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
The Internet has greatly improved Jan's life.
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
The present perfect passive voice
1. 定义
表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。
常与一些副词连用，如already, ever, never, recently, lastly, just, yet等，通常把副词放在助动词have或 has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。
表示一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与for, since, how long, so far等表示一段时间的状语连用。
The child has been taken care of by grandma all these years.
这些年来，孩子一直由奶奶照看。
Have they been sent abroad to study English
他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗
Who has been invited 谁受到了邀请？
2. 构成
陈述句 主语+has/ have been（not）+P.P.+...
More and more waste has been produced.产生了越来越多的废弃物。。
一般疑问句 Has/have+主语+been+P.P.+...
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has +been +P.P.+...
3. 注意事项
①由finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow,
marry, open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态,不能与
表示时间段的状语，如for four days, how long等连用，
而要改换动词或者是时态。
判断正误:* How long has this book been bought ( )
* How long ago was this book bought ( )
②短语动词不能分割，而且不能省略短语动词中的介词或副词。
判断正误:*The patient has been taken good care. ( )
*The patient has been taken good care of. ( )
×
√
×
√
③并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。
如happen, occur, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last 等
不及物动词或词组，就没有被动语态。
判断正误:
* Some of the best conversations have ever happened
around the dinner table. ( )
* Some of the best conversations happened around the
dinner table. ( )
④双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主
语, 另一个保留不动。
主动: I have given him the key.
被动: He has been given the key.
被动: The key has been given (to) him.
√
×
⑤带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为
主语, 原来的宾补保留不动, 改成主语补足语。
主动: I have asked her to help you.
被动: She has been asked to help you.
主动语态中作宾语补足语的不带
to的不定式，变为被动时，要加上to。
例：The engineer made the robot clean the windows of the tall building.
The robot was made to clean the windows of the tall building.
4.主动与被动的区别（Differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms）
The object in an active sentence becomes the
subject in a passive sentence. Both sentence types
convey a similar meaning, but they are slightly
different.
For example, in an active sentence, the subject
is doing an action to an object, while in a passive
sentence, the subject is having something done to it,
and the doer of that action is not necessarily
mentioned.
Active sentences are used often, as they are more
direct. Passive sentences are often used when the
doer of an action is unknown, not important, or
preferred not named.
1．中国的各项事业已取得了新的进展。
New progress ______ ______ ______ in various areas in China.
2．我的家庭作业已经做完了。
My homework ______ ______ ______.
3．近几年他各种各样的书被出版了。
A variety of his books _____ _____ ________ in recent years.
4．从 1949 年起，就已经非常重视儿童的健康和保健。
Since 1949, great attention ______ ______ ______ ______ the health and care of.
5．到目前为止，大约三分之二的工程已经完工了。
So far , around two thirds of the projects ____ ______ ________.
【即学即练】
has been made
has been done
have been published
has been paid to
have been completed
现在完成时的被动语态
构成
肯定式：
主语+have/has been done
否定式：
主语+have/has not been done一般疑问句：
Have/Has+主语+ been done... 特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+been done...
1.强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与 already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since等引导的时间状语连用，或用与How long... 的句型。
3.在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来时的被动语态。
1.含有非延续性动词（如：begin，start，buy，borrow，finish等）的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式则可以与for或since构成的时间状语连用。
2.动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。
3.并非所有的动词都有被动语态。如：happen, occur, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等。
特殊情况
基本用法
Summary
1. We won’t start the work until all the preparations___________________ (make).
2. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement__________________ (reach)
so far by the two sides.
3. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the
wheat ________________ (cut).
4. Many suggestions from all over the world ____________________ (give) to me
so far.
5. "Are you going to Linda's 17th birthday party " "No, I ____________________
(not invite) yet. "
Exercise
Ⅰ.用动词正确形式填空。
has been reached
has been cut
have been made
have been given
haven’t been invited
Ⅱ. 将下列句子改成被动语态。
They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the
technological revolution.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
A great many fine cars have been produced by the car factory since the technological revolution.
The construction of the new railway lines has been finished by them by now.
A new library and a gymnasium have been built in our school this year by us.
The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart. 世界上对勇气的最大考验是忍受失败而不丧失信心。