外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Growing Up 单词 学案

Unit 1 词汇学案
Understanding ideas部分
integrity integr- (whole 完整) + -ity (名词后缀，指具备某种性质)→ 完整 → 诚实、正直
licence 英式英语，美式是license
词块：a driver’s / driving licence
loan 词块：take out a loan
adulthood adult (n 成人) + -hood (名词后缀，表示“时期”)
milestone mile (n 英里) + stone (n 石头) → 每英里设置的界石 → 里程碑
election elect (v 选举) + -ion (名词后缀)
词块：a general election
wage 名词“工资”，尤指简单劳动或体力劳动工作者所得的“工资”“工钱”，通常按周、日、小时等短期计算发给。
tax 词块：charge / pay tax, before / after tax
名词动词化：对……征税
legal 词族：legal, legally, illegal, illegally
mature 词块：be mature for one’s age
形容词动词化：成熟、长成
instantly instant (adj 立刻的)+ -ly (副词后缀)
近义词：immediately
childhood child (n 儿童) + -hood (名词后缀：表示“时期”) 类似 adulthood
词块：in / during one’s childhood
obey 词块：obey rules / orders
gradual gradu- (step 步、级) + -al (形容词词缀) → 一步一步的 → 逐渐的
同根词：grade, graduate
派生词：gradually
selfish self (n 自我) + -ish (形容词后缀)
词族：self, selfless, selflessly, selfish, unselfish, selfishly, selfishness
approve ap- (to 去) + prove (to test 验证) → 去验证某人 / 某物是好的 → 赞成、赞同
词块：approve of
词族：approve, approval, approving, disapprove, disapproval, disapproving
steady 词块：a steady job
派生词：steadily
tempt 词块：tempt sb to do sth
librarian library (n 图书馆) + -ian (从事……的人)
household house (n 房屋) + hold (n 握住) → 住在房子里的所有人→ 一家人；家庭
词块：a household name
deposit 词块：pay the deposit on sth
commitment commit [(使) 作出保证] + -ment (行为) → 承诺；保证
词族：commit, committed, commitment, committee
词块：make a commitment to do / doing sth
suitable suit (v 适合) + -able (形容词后缀)
词块：(be) suitable for sb / sth, (be) suitable to do sth
反义词：unsuitable
minimum 词块：at a minimum, a minimum of
反义词：maximum
elect vt.
①［常用于被动语态］选举；推选 to choose sb for an official position by voting：
elect sb to sth:
I’ll never forget being elected to the student council.
elect sb (as) sth:
They elected Smith (as) mayor.
② ［正式用语］选择；决定 to choose to do sth:
elect to do sth:
He has elected to become a doctor.
【知新】election n [C] & [U] 选举；推选：
a general election 大选
wage
■ n [C]［常用复数］工资；薪金：
high / low wages
a weekly wage
■ vt 开始；发动：
wage a campaign
辨析wage, pay, salary
相同点：三者都可用作名词，含“报酬”之意
三者都常译为“工资”
不同点：
wage 指简单劳动或体力劳动工作者所得的“工资”“工钱”，通常按周、日、小时等短期计算发给，常用复数形式，但用于名词前时用单数形式。
Wages are paid on Fridays.
wage earners
pay 指不论工作性质如何，通过各种劳动所得到的报酬，它包含salary和wage，不可数。
He doesn’t like the job, but the pay is good.
salary 指非体力劳动者所得到的“工资”“薪水”，通常按月计算，有时按季或年计算。
The government has decided to increase salaries for all civil servants.
legal adj.
①［只用于名词前］法律上的：
He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.
② 合法的；法定的 反 illegal：
a legal holiday (BrE a bank holiday) 法定节假日
It’s legal to turn right at a red light in most states.
legally adv 法律上；合法地 反 illegally
approve v
① vi 赞成；赞同 反 disapprove：
I approve of you / your trying to make some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.
② vt 批准；认可 to officially accept a plan, proposal, etc.：
We would be pleased if you would approve our proposal.
The Ministry of Education approved a new policy today.
approving adj 赞许的；赞成的 反 disapproving
【词汇拓展】
approval n [C] & [U] 赞成；同意 反 disapproval；批准：
He nodded in approval.
The government gave approval to the project.
I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval.
disapprove v 反 approve
① vi 不赞同；反对：
I strongly disapprove of diets; it’s better to eat sensibly.
② vt［正式用语］不批准；不同意
disapproval n [U] 不赞同；反对 反 approval
disapproving adj 不赞同的；表示反对的 反 approving
辨析approve, agree, accept
approve 指“批准 / 正式通过（计划；建议等）”，侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示“赞同”或“批准”。作不及物动词时意为“赞成”“同意”，常与of连用。
Our village committee approved the plan of putting off the sports meeting due to the bad weather.
agree 指多方面达成一致意见，暗含先有分歧，经协商或讨论后取得共识。
My father agreed to buy a bike for me as a birthday present.
accept 指同意、接受、认可。
He accepted our suggestion.
commitment n.
① [U] 投入；奉献 being prepared to give a lot of your time and attention to sth because you believe it is right or important：
A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment.
② [C] 承诺；许诺；保证 a promise or agreement to do sth：
commitment to do / doing sth
She has made a commitment to going bottle-free.
③ [C] 承诺的事 / 责任：
I’m overworked at the moment — I’ve taken on too many commitments.
commit v.
① vt 犯（错误、罪行等）to do sth wrong or illegal：
commit murder / a crime / a mistake
Smoking is committing suicide slowly
② vi & vt（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证 to make a definite agreement or promise to do sth：
The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund.
③ vt 投入 to spend money or time on sth / sb：
commit sth to (doing) sth:
commit an hour to reading the newspapers every morning
committed adj 尽心尽力的；坚定的：
He loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it.
suitable
■ adj 适合的；适宜的 (反 unsuitable) ：
I don’t have anything suitable to wear for the party.
This programme is not suitable for children.
Not all men are suitable for that kind of work.
suit
■ n [C]（一套）衣服：
a business / swimming suit
■ vt（服装、颜色等）适合；对（某人）方便；中……的意：
I found an evening dress that suited me perfectly.
If we meet at 9 a.m., would that suit you
There is Chinese food to suit everyone’s taste, with traditional dishes from all over China.
suit ... to 使……适合：
A good teacher suits his lesson to the age of his pupils.
suited adj［不用于名词前，与for / to连用］适合的：
be best suited to / for
minimum
minimum 反 maximum
■ n [C] (pl minima / minimums) 最低限度；最小量：
We have a minimum of 28 people living here in the winter and a maximum of 125 in the summer.
At a minimum, we must hire three new teachers.
■ adj［只用于名词前］最低的；最小的；最少的：
minimum requirements
本单元金句汇总
1. I’ll never forget being elected to the student council.
2. I approve of you / your trying to make some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.
3. He nodded in approval.
4. She has made a commitment to going bottle-free.
5. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund.
6. This programme is not suitable for children.
随堂检测
elect & election
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Increasing numbers of people elect ___________ (work) from home nowadays.
2. The group elected one of its members ___________ (be) their spokesperson.
3. The school board（校董会） is made up of parents who have ___________ (elect) to make decisions about school affairs.
4. Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected ___________ assistant to my English teacher.
5. The recent ___________ (elect) has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.
wage
选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
wage pay salary
1. His monthly _______________ is paid in the bank by his employer.
2. Not only do the nurses want a ________________ increase, they want reduced hours as well.
3. A postman’s _______________ are 180 per week.
4. One of the largest issues women today face is equal _______________.
5. I was paid the lowest _______________ of that time — two dollars an hour.
legal
写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. When his father died, his uncle became his legal custodian（监护人）. __________
2. When you are 18, you are a legal voter. __________
3. He is my legal adviser. __________
4. The driver was more than three times over the legal limit. __________
5. National Day is one of Chinese’s principal legal holidays. __________
approve
选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
approve agree accept
1. No teacher can __________________ of cheating in exams.
2. He __________________ to present himself at the meeting.
3. I __________________ with every word you have said.
4. She offered him a lift and he __________________ it.
5. I don’t _________________ with her views on private medicine.
6. If the building plan is __________________, work on the project will start immediately.
commitment
一、根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. I am a hard-working and committed person. _________
2. A lot of money has been committed to the project. _________
3. For those who lack a strong sense of commitment the marriage may fail. _________
4. She has leadership qualities and her commitment to work is beyond question. _________
5. The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. _________
二、根据提示，翻译下列句子。
1. 我们承诺给予帮助，我们就会遵守承诺。(commitment)
We’ve _________________________ to help, and we will.
2. 我们不应该犯这个错误，即只从一个角度分析进步。(commit)
We must not _________________________ analyzing progress only from one point of view.
suitable
一、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
This programme is ___________________________ (儿童不宜).
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. She remembered how difficult it was to choose a _____________ (suit) Christmas present for her father.
2. If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ___________ (suit) everyone.
3. The course is ___________ (suit) for both beginners and advanced students.
minimum
写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. He reduced his needs to the minimum by simplifying his life. __________
2. Is there any minimum charge for my table __________
3. The class needs a minimum of six students to continue. __________
4. There is no minimum age for visitors. __________
5. This would take three months at a minimum. __________
6. This price is his minimum; he refuses to lower it any further. __________
Developing ideas部分
bittersweet bitter (adj 苦的) + sweet (adj 甜的) → 又苦又甜的
boarder board (v 寄宿) + -er (……人)
varied 词族：vary, variety, various, varied
routine route (path 路线) + -ine (名词后缀) → 沿着特定的路线 → 常规的、日常的
词块：daily routine
swallow 同形异义词，动词 (吞咽) 和名词 (燕子) 词源不同 (不要联系记忆)
作动词时，基本义为“吞咽” → 吞没 → 压抑
digestion digest (v 消化) + -ion (名词后缀)
masterpiece master (n 大师) + piece (n 幅；篇)
digest 隐喻：“消化”食物 → “消化”抽象事物 → 理解；领会
派生词：digestion
devote de-（表示强调）+ vote (to vow 说 / 发愿)
词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于”
词块：devote oneself to, devote … to
词族：devote, devoted, devotion
disheartened dis- (not) + heart + -en (to make 使) → disheart (v 使沮丧) + -ed
tiresome tire (v 使疲劳) + -some (形容词后缀)
词族：tire, tired, tiring, tiresome
glance 英语释义：a quick look
词块：at a glance 一眼；立刻
at first glance 乍一看
consequence 比 result 正式
con- (together 共同) + seq (to follow 跟随) + -ence (名词词缀) → 按顺序递进的结果
词块：as a consequence / in consequence (of)
派生词：consequent
intimately intimate (adj 亲密的) + -ly (副词后缀)
golf 音译词 词块：play golf
politics politic (adj 政治的) + -ics (名词后缀：表示“学科”)
词族：politics, political, politician
necktie neck (n 脖子) + tie (n 领带)
evidence e- (向外) + vid (to see 看) + -ence (表示名词) → 外面看得见的 → 证据；同根词：video
核心句式：there is evidence that … (同位语从句）
词族：evidence, evident, evidently
airline air (n 空气) + line (n 运输公司)
memorable memory (n 记忆) + -able (形容词后缀)
词族：memory, memorise, memorable, memorial
bond 一词多义，基本义“黏合”
词块：build a bond with
conclusion 构词：conclude — conclusion
词块：arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion, in conclusion (= finally)
“不同”头脑风暴
说到“不同的”英文单词，大家首先想到的是不是“different”？也许有些小伙伴还能想到various，varied，differ这些词。虽说都可以用来表达“不同的”之意，但是如果在写作中用对了词，你的书面表达将会大大的“不同”。
1. Most people who do this job say they love their work because it is very rewarding and varied.
2. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events.
3. Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.
4. To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines.
5. Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly in size and shape.
vary v.
① vi（大小、形状等）相异；不同 (differ)：
vary considerably / greatly / widely
vary from person to person Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
② vi 变化；vt 改变：
The weather here varies from hour to hour.
My doctor said I should vary my diet more.
varied adj 各种各样的；形形色色的
It is essential that your diet is varied and balanced.
various adj 不同的；各种各样的 (diverse / different)【必修一U1】
various kinds of theme parks
She decided to move to the countryside for various reasons.
variously adv 各种各样地
variety n 【必修一U5】
① [U] 多样性；变化：
Chinese food is famous for its wide variety.
② [C]（动植物、语言等的）种类；品种：
different varieties of English
a variety of 种种；各种各样的：
The club offers a wide variety of games to the local teenagers.
在平时学习中，我们可以进行两种形式的词义转换练习。
写作方向：用高级词替换一些常用的低级词，为书面表达增色。
阅读方向：用常见的容易理解的词去替换阅读中的高级词，帮助更好的理解。
词义转换训练（写作方向）
由常用到不常用，侧重运用。
1. In the coming three years, our school life will be difficult. challenging
2. Some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it important to obey the traffic rules. vital
词义转换训练（阅读方向）
由不常用到常用，侧重理解。
1. For many Americans, the automobile is a necessity. must
2. He traded his pen for a knife with me. exchange
3. What some people regard as a drawback / downside is seen as a plus by many others. disadvantages
4. Taking physical exercise can erase your stress. remove
5. No one equals him in strength. is as good as
routine
■ n
① [C] & [U] 例行公事；惯例：
daily routine
establish / break a routine
② [C] 常规节目；一套舞步 / 舞蹈动作：
a dance routine
■ adj 例行的；常规的：
a routine report
swallow v
① vt & vi 吞下；咽下：
He put a grape into his mouth and swallowed it whole.
② vt 抑制：
I swallowed my pride and asked someone at the stop for help.
swallow up 吞没；淹没；吞并；用尽：
The smog swallowed up the whole city.
n [C] 燕子：
One swallow doesn’t make a summer.
digest
■ v
① vi & vt 消化：
digest food
This food digests well / ill.
② vt 理解；领会：
As Francis Bacon once said, “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.”
■ n [C] 摘要；文摘
digestion n [U] & [C]［常用单数］消化；消化能力
devote vt
把……用于；致力于；献身于：
Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild homes.
She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于：
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
写作同义异构：除了devote oneself to你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/ 致力于做某事”的表达？
be lost in be absorbed in be engaged in be involved in concentrate on focus on
【拓展词汇】
devoted adj 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：
Her son, to whom she was so devoted, went abroad ten years ago.
devotion n [U] 献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：
devotion to duty
I respected his devotion to teaching.
consequence n
① [C] 结果；后果 a result of sth that has happened：
face / take the consequences
The consequence of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.
② [U][正式用语] 重要（性）；重大 importance：
Don’t worry. It’s of little consequence.
【词块】
as a consequence / in consequence
[正式用语] 结果；因此 as a result：
She was over the age limit and, as a / in consequence, her application was rejected.
as a consequence of / in consequence of
[正式用语] 由于……的缘故 as a result of sth：
My father coughs frequently as a consequence of / in consequence of smoking.
evidence n
① [U] & [C] 证据 (proof)；迹象：
There is evidence that Beijing Man used fire to cook food.
All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use
of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
② [U]（法庭上的）证据；物证；证词：
Before making his decision, the judge heard the evidence.
词汇拓展
evident adj 明显的；清楚的；明白的 (clear / obvious)：
an evident mistake
It is evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.
evidently adv 明显地 (clearly / obviously)
bond
n [C] 黏合；纽带；关系：
This new glue makes a firmer bond.
a close / an emotional bond
In some cultures friendship means a strong lifelong bond between two people.
vt & vi（使）黏合；（使）结合；增强（与某人的）信任关系：
These two different materials won’t bond together.
Reading was a special way to bond with my children.
conclude v
① vt 推断出；断定 to form an opinion as the result of thought or study：
What can be concluded from the last paragraph
Aristotle concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones.
② vi & vt [正式用语] 结束；终止 to end or to bring sth to an end：
The story concluded with a happy ending.
To conclude, I’d like to express my thanks to my family.
conclude sth with / by doing sth:
Dad concluded our phone conversation with the words, “Paul, I love you.”
He concluded his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
conclusion n [C]
① 结论；推论：
make a conclusion
The judge’s conclusion was that Mr Smith was innocent.
② ［常用单数］［正式用语］结束；结尾 (end)：
When he brought his speech to a nice conclusion, his teacher invited the rest of the class to praise him.
常用搭配
arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 得出结论：
They came to a conclusion that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.
We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
in conclusion 最后；总之 (finally)：
In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone who has helped us.
In conclusion, people around the world should protect the water resources.
词根 词缀 v./ n.
count (count 数、计算) / count
ac- 加强意义 account
re- 再（again） recount
dis- 除去（exclude） discount
-er counter
根据所给词根和词缀的提示，写出下列句子中画线单词的汉语释义。
1. We ordered hamburgers and Coca-Cola at the counter. 柜台
2. Each week I eagerly counted my growing savings increased by extra work here and there. 数
3. That T-shirt is normally sixty dollars, but we are offering a ten percent discount. 折扣
4. The state-run（国营的）company is required to make its accounts as transparent（透明的）as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money. 账目
5. George recounted a personal story he must have repeated a hundred times before. 讲述
本单元金句汇总
1. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
2. I swallowed my pride and asked someone at the stop for help.
3. One swallow doesn’t make a summer.
4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
5. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
6. If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
7. It is evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.
8. In conclusion, people around the world should protect the water resources.
随堂检测
varied
根据括号内的提示改写下列句子，使句意保持不变。
1. Succulents（多肉植物）come in different kinds of styles, sizes and colors.
Succulents come in _______________ (variety) styles, sizes and colors.
2. People have different viewpoints and those differences may become conflict.
People have _______________ (vary) viewpoints and those differences may become conflict.
3. The meaning of silence is different among cultural groups.
The meaning of silence _______________ (vary) among cultural groups.
4. Even fast food places now offer “lean” (low-fat) hamburgers, roasted chicken, and salad bars with many different kinds of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Even fast food places now offer “lean” (low-fat) hamburgers, roasted chicken, and salad bars with _______________ (variety) fresh fruits and vegetables.
5. As a result, humans developed different character types that still exist today.
As a result, humans developed _______________ (range) character types that still exists today.
routine
一、写出画线部分汉语释义。
1. Instead, I finished the routine with a smile on my face. __________
2. The Marx brothers were famous for their comedy routine. __________
3. It’s just a routine medical examination; nothing to get worried about. __________
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. These minor changes in your ____________________（日常生活）will make a major difference in your life and career.
2. When you study hard, you’ll need something to ____________________（打破常规）.
swallow
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
Always chew food well before swallowing. ___________
2. She swallowed her anger and turned to face him. ___________
3. Tim knew the boat would soon be swallowed by the waves. ___________
4. Most of my salary gets swallowed up by the house rent and bills. ___________
5. Peter told Ann a pack of lies, but she swallowed it whole. ___________
6. Swallows building nests on or near a house is considered good luck. ___________
digest
根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Cheese doesn’t digest easily. ___________
2. They learn well but seem to need time to digest information. ___________
3. All this has upset me. I need time to digest it all. ___________
4. I read only this digest of the novel. ___________
5. The president started reading the press digest over breakfast. ___________
6. Porridge（粥）is good for digestion. ___________
7. It can be said that happiness is a kind of attitude, feeling and digestion. ___________
devote
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She devoted herself ______________________ her career.
2. In real life the star of the film is a ____________________ (devote) husband and father.
3. Her ___________________________ (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. If I become a teacher, I will ___________________________ （全身心地投入）giving them better education.
2. He has _____________________________________________（将一生奉献给）world peace.
3. The meeting will ____________________________（用于）health and safety issues.
4. He _____________________（深爱着）his family.
consequence
根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. He broke the law, and now he must ___________________________（承担……的后果）his actions.
2. The money was ______________________________（无足轻重）to Tony.
3. My father coughs frequently ____________________________________ （由于……的缘故）smoking.
4. His death was totally unexpected and, ______________________（因此）no plans had been made for his replacement.
evidence
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
2. Small discoveries in Indonesia are important because they might provide new evidence ___________ human study.
3. The pictures provide irrefutable（无可辩驳的）evidence ___________ the incident.
4. It is ___________ (evidence) that smoking is harmful to health.
5. She was in bed and ___________ (evident) in great pain.
conclusion
根据所给汉语，用conclusion的词块完成下列句子。
1. We can _______________________（下结论）that water is the most important thing in our lives.
2. I can _______________________（得出结论）that even the smallest job is also the necessary part to keep the society going smoothly.
3. Don’t _______________________（贸然断定）before you know the facts.
4. New evidence might _______________________（推断）that we are wrong.
5. _______________________（在……的结尾）meeting, little progress had been made.
6. _______________________（最后）, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.