Unit 5 Languages Around the World
重点单词变形,词组,语法,句型练习
(知识点全覆盖)
单词变形
1.reference n.指称关系;参考→ vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于
2.based adj.以(某事)为基础的→ vt.以……为基础 n.底部;根据→ n.基础→ adj.基础的
3.variety n.异体;多样化→ v.变化;不同→ adj.各种各样的
4.major adj.主要的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修→ n.大多数
5.global adj.全球的;全世界的→ n.地球;地球仪
6.appreciate vt.欣赏;感激;领会→ n.感激;欣赏→ adj.感激的
7.beg vt.恳求;祈求→ n.乞丐
8.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的→ adv.平等地→ n.平等
9.demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要→ adj.要求高的
10.description n.描写(文字);形容→ vt.描述
11.relate vt.联系;讲述→ adj.相关的→ n.关系→ n.关系
核心短语
1. ____________ 注意
2. ____________ 既不……也不……
3. ____________ 追溯到
4. ____________ 不再
5. ____________ 在……扮演角色; 发挥重要作用
6. ____________ 谈到; 指的是; 描述; 查阅
7. ____________ 浮沉; 兴衰; 荣辱
8. ____________ 观点; 看法
9. ____________ ……有困难
10. ____________ 与……相关; 涉及; 谈到
一、语法填空
1.Choose the best (describe) of Meng Hao’s first day at senior high.
2.Don’t refer your notes when answering questions, will you
3.An ancient culture (date) back more than 5, 000 years proved China’s early exchanges with other societies.
4.I wrote down the name of the hotel for future (refer), as I think it might be useful in the future.
5.He tried to explain to his teacher the reason he was absent yesterday.
6.Three-fourths of the (apartment) in the area have no heat so it is not convenient to live in them.
7.We like to see the films (base) on true stories.
8.No matter I am, I will always remember I am a Chinese.
9.There are a (various) of books in our school library.
10.It is a must for beginners to grasp some (base) grammar rulers.
11.She demanded (tell) everything about it.
12.Creating an atmosphere students feel free to express themselves is a big challenge for us teachers.
13.Burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases (globe) warming.
14.They made a resolution to go on a hike to a place there was neither noise nor pollution.
15.Not only is he known as a superhero in the Superman films, but he is also (regard) as a superhero to many in real life.
16.The moment he saw a little boy (struggle) in the river, he took off his shirt and jumped into the water.
17.For some people, they get a lot of pleasure from talking to someone with they share the same interest.
18.Jennifer has not eaten breakfast for the last few months. She said she had trouble (pay) attention in class.
19.I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how (improve) our English.
20.The view is put forward especially in (relate) to grammar and vocabulary.
21.I really appreciate you (offer) to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to finish this task by myself.
22.These roses are native such places as Europe and the United States.
23.Festivals are an important part of society, reflecting people’s wishes, beliefs, and attitudes life.
24.Chinese paper cutting is rich in content and its designs usually (symbol)good luck.
25.Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. However, majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
26.She majored English at Shanghai International Studies University.
27.Most people don’t regard pronunciation a very important part of communication skills.
28.Despite (face) challenges from modern entertainment (娱乐) forms, Huangmei Opera with a long history is still alive and loved.
29.At one time, people referred to Shanghai the "Paris of the East".
30.I made friends with the (native), and their reaction (反应) amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had refused to sell to tourists.
31.Looking after babies is a (demand) job.
32.Three times three (equal) nine.
33.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the (much) it learns.
34. my point of view, these measures are a significant improvement.
35.I can fluently speak different (dialect) of Chinese.
语法填空
Learning a language is usually 36 (difference) from learning other subjects. It includes a lot of practice and follow-ups. When 37 (talk) about my personal experience, I would say that I have a rich experience in learning English 38 a second language.
I learned English for ten years starting from Grade Seven to graduation from university. After graduation, I felt that I should improve my language skills. Therefore, I made a lot of efforts personally to increase my fluency. Until now I still learn the language. Indeed, learning a language 39 (take) a lifetime.
I still remember my first English teachers 40 changed frequently (频繁地) in 41 beginning, but all of them had much in common — They used grammar-translation method. They used to write bilingual (双语) lists of words on board, and then we, as students, 42 (ask) to copy these lists and memorize them by heart. All teaching focused on reading and writing skills, but there were no 43 (activity) focusing on speaking or listening.
Now, I still don’t fully know how 44 (use) the English language like using idioms and the proper form of vocabulary. Idioms have many connotationst (言外意义) in the English language. Sometimes I use an idiom and I mean something, but the connotation of the idiom means something else. Besides, I should also study harder to use certain vocabulary 45 (correct). To my mind, I have not reached that point.
二、单词拼写
46.Workers are (斗争) for a clean canteen and healthy food.
47.Older people tend to have a favorable (态度) to the police.
48.Some (具体的) information should be investigated as soon as possible.
49.That’s just my personal view and is only for your (参考).
50.We are looking for someone with an outgoing and friendly (性格特点).
51.The police questioned the man and he gave a clear (描述) of the accident.
52.You will be (要求) to assist Mrs. Smith in preparing a report.
53.A picture of Xi Shi’s hometown was (雕刻) on the wall.
54.I would (欣赏) it if you would turn the music down.
55.Yesterday I (哀求) him to come back to New York with me.
56.Noodles are a (象征) of long life in Chinese culture.
57. (尽管) being faced with many difficulties, he remains optimistic about the future.
58.The professor has brought in a good (系统) of teaching languages from abroad.
59.Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western (文明).
60.Through these websites, I can read some (经典的) English passages, poems and novels.
三、选词填空
根据语境,用方框内短语的正确形式填空,使句子逻辑意思连贯。
date back to, relate...to..., be equal to, on hand, with the aid of, survive on, with shock, by no means, bury oneself in, suffer from
61.He has too much work .
62.I am not brave, but I am a coward.
63.He succeeded a new method he discovered.
64.Some people were found alive, though they terrible injuries.
65.The little boy was speechless .
66.I can’t find a person who can this work.
67.The strange custom is popular, Ming Dynasty.
68.I can’t 40 a week.
69.Though it was turning dark, my father was still reading.
70.Does each sentence the main idea
参考答案:
单词变形
1.reference n.指称关系;参考→refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫……求助于
2.based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以……为基础 n.底部;根据→basis n.基础→basic adj.基础的
3.variety n.异体;多样化→vary v.变化;不同→various adj.各种各样的
4.major adj.主要的 n.主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修→majority n.大多数
5.global adj.全球的;全世界的→globe n.地球;地球仪
6.appreciate vt.欣赏;感激;领会→appreciation n.感激;欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的
7.beg vt.恳求;祈求→beggar n.乞丐
8.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n.平等
9.demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要→demanding adj.要求高的
10.description n.描写(文字);形容→describe vt.描述
11.relate vt.联系;讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n.关系→relationship n.关系
重点词组
1. pay attention to 注意
2. neither. . . nor. . . 既不……也不……
3. date back (to. . . ) 追溯到
4. no longer 不再
5. play a great role in 在……扮演角色; 发挥重要作用
6. refer to 谈到; 指的是; 描述; 查阅
7. ups and downs 浮沉; 兴衰; 荣辱
8. point of view 观点; 看法
9. have problems/trouble with
……有困难
10. relate to 与……相关; 涉及; 谈到
1.description
【详解】考查名词。句意:选择对孟浩高中第一天最好的描述。空处需填名词description,作宾语,表抽象概念,不可数。故填description。
2.to
【详解】考查介词。句意:回答问题时不要参考你的笔记,可以吗?refer to意思是“参考、提到”,是固定搭配,故填to。
3.dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:句意:5000多年前的古老文化证明了中国与其他社会的早期交流。“An ancient culture” 与 “date back” 之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词形式dating作后置定语修饰culture。故填dating。
4.reference
【详解】考查名词。句意:我记下了酒店的名字,以备将来参考,因为我认为它在未来可能有用。分析句子可知,“for”为介词,空格处应用名词,作宾语,“reference”,意为“参考”,为不可数名词。故填reference。
5.why
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他试图向老师解释他昨天缺席的原因。分析句子可知,这里考查定语从句,先行词为the reason,在从句中作原因状语,所以应用关系副词why。故填why。
6.apartments
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:该地区四分之三的公寓没有暖气,所以住在那里不方便。“分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词的数与其后的名词保持一致;句中谓语动词是have,复数形式,所以apartment也为复数形式。故填apartments。
7.based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们喜欢看基于真实故事的电影。句中已有谓语动词like to see,此处用非谓语动词作定语修饰films,base与films之间是被动关系,应使用过去分词形式。故填based。
8.where
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:无论我在哪里,我都会永远记得我是中国人。“no matter+特殊疑问词”表示“无论……”,常用来引导让步状语从句;结合句意,句意表达的是“无论我在哪里”,应用no matter where引导该从句,意为“无论在哪里”。故填where。
9.variety
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们学校图书馆里有各种各样的书。a后跟可数名词的单数形式,various的名词是variety,意为“种类”,a variety of意为“各种各样的”,故填variety。
10.basic
【详解】考查形容词。句意:对初学者来说,掌握一些基本的语法规则是必须的。此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词grammar rulers。base是动词,其形容词形式为basic。故填basic。
11.to be told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:她要求把有关它的一切都告诉她。demand后应接动词不定式作宾语,tell(告诉)是非谓语动词,用不定式形式作宾语,同时tell与其逻辑主语she之间为被动关系,所以应用不定式的被动式to be told。故填to be told。
12.where / in which
【详解】考查定语从句的关系词。句意:对我们老师来说,创造一个学生可以自由表达自己的氛围是一个很大的挑战。此处atmosphere是先行词,关系词替代先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where,也用in which=where。故答案为where/in which。
13.global
【详解】考查形容词。句意:燃烧煤炭造成严重的空气污染,加剧全球变暖。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰warming,globe的形容词是global,global warming意为“全球变暖”。故填global。
14.where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:他们决定去一个既没有噪音也没有污染的地方远足。此处为关系词引导的定语从句,从句中不缺主语和宾语,所以使用关系副词,先行词a place指的是地点,所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。
15.regarded
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:他不仅在超人电影中被称为超级英雄,而且在现实生活中,他也被许多人视为超级英雄。主语he和谓语动词regard是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),应用过去分词regarded。故填regarded。
16.struggling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他一看到一个小男孩在河里挣扎,就脱下衬衫跳进水里。空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。该动词和宾语a little boy之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾补。故填struggling。
17.whom
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:对一些人来说,他们从与他们有共同兴趣的人交谈中得到很多乐趣。分析句子成分可知,with ________ they share the same interest.为定语从句,引导词在从句中作介词with的宾语,先行词为someone,指人,所以用whom引导这个定语从句。故填whom。
18.paying
【详解】考查动名词。句意:珍妮弗已经几个月没吃早餐了。她说她在课堂上很难集中注意力。短语have trouble (in) doing,意为“做某事有困难”,所以设空处应用动名词作宾语,故填paying。
19.to improve
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你能就如何提高我们的英语水平给我们一些建议,我将不胜感激。根据前文on how可知,此处应用how+动词不定式作介词宾语,相当于宾语从句。故填to improve。
20.relation
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:特别是在语法和词汇方面提出了这一观点。短语in relation to,意为“与……有关”,名词作宾语,故填relation。
21.offering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我真的很感谢你愿意帮助我,但我相信我能自己完成这项任务。句中谓语是appreciate,空格处用非谓语动词,you和offer之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,作宾补。故填offering。
22.to
【详解】考查介词。句意:这些玫瑰原产于欧洲和美国等地。根据“such places as Europe and the United States(比如欧洲和美国等地)”可知,应填入介词to,构成短语“be native to”,意为“原产于……”。故填to。
23.towards/to
【详解】考查介词。句意:节日是社会的重要组成部分,反映了人们的愿望、信仰和对生活的态度。短语attitude towards/to表示“对……的态度”。故填towards/to。
24.symbolize
【详解】考查动词。句意:中国的剪纸有丰富的内涵,它的图案通常象征着好运。此空应填动词作谓语,symbolize表“代表”,为动词,与主语its designs为主动关系,再由usually可知,这里时态应用一般现在时。故填symbolize。
25.the
【详解】考查定冠词。句意:有些人天生就有演讲的天赋。然而,大多数人都是高效的演讲者,因为他们受过训练。the majority of是固定短语,意为“大多数”,因此空格处用定冠词the,故填the。
26.in
【详解】考查介词。句意:她在上海外国语大学主修英语。major in是固定搭配,意为“主修”。故填in。
27.as
【详解】考查介词。句意:大多数人不认为发音是沟通技巧的重要组成部分。根据上文的regard可知,此处用介词as构成固定短语regard sth as表示“把某物看做……”。故填as。
28.facing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管面临着现代娱乐形式的挑战,但历史悠久的黄梅戏仍然存在并受到人们的喜爱。Despite“尽管,虽然”是介词,空处作其宾语,应用face“面临”的动名词形式。故填facing。
29.as
【详解】考查介词、固定短语。句意:曾经,人们把上海称为“东方的巴黎”。根据汉语提示,应填入介词as,构成短语“refer to ... as ...”,意为“把……称为……”。故填as。
30.natives
【详解】考查名词。句意:我和当地人交了朋友,他们的反应让我惊讶。他们送给我他们最喜欢的艺术品,而这些艺术品他们曾拒绝卖给游客。本空作with的宾语,表示“当地人”,用名词native,根据空后的their可知,当地人不止一个,应用名词复数形式。故填natives。
31.demanding
【详解】考查形容词。句意:照看婴儿是一项要求很高的工作。空处修饰名词job,应用形容词demanding作定语,故填demanding。
32.equals
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:三乘以三等于九。句子是描述一个客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语表示一个整体,表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数,故填equals。
33.more
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:机器人和人类互动越多, 它学到的就越多。根据句型结构“The more…the more…”意为“越……越……”,结合前文的the more...,可知所给词“much”应变为其比较级形式more。故填more。
34.From
【详解】考查介词。句意:在我看来,这些措施是一个显著的改进。from one’s point of view“在某人看来”,置于句首,首字母大写。故填From。
35.dialects
【详解】考查名词复数形式。句意:我能流利地说汉语的不同方言。由空前 different可知,此处为名词复数形式。故填dialects。
36.different 37.talking 38.as 39.takes 40.who/that 41.the 42.were asked 43.activities 44.to use 45.correctly
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“我”学习第二语言——英语的经历。
36.考查形容词。句意:学习一门语言通常不同于学习其他科目。它包括大量的练习和后续行动。空处应填形容词作表语,“be different from”为固定搭配,意为“与……不同”。故填different。
37.考查状语从句的省略或非谓语动词。句意:当谈到我的个人经历时,我会说我在学习英语作为第二语言方面有丰富的经验。句子还原应为“When I was talking about my personal experience, I would say…”,当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,而且从句谓语动词含有be的形式时,可以将从句中相同的主语和be的形式省略;也可理解为talk与其逻辑主语I存在主动关系,故用所给动词的现在分词。故填talking。
38.考查介词。句意同上。“as a second language”意为“作为第二外语”。故填as。
39.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:的确,学习一门语言需要一生的时间。本句在描述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语是动名词短语learning a language,表示单数意义,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填takes。
40.考查定语从句。句意:我还记得我的第一个英语老师,他们一开始经常更换,但他们都有很多共同点——他们使用语法翻译方法。本句为限制性定语从句,先行词为teachers,表示人,且从句中缺少主语,因此用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
41.考查冠词。句意同上。“in the beginning”意为“刚开始”,为固定搭配。故填the。
42.考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他们过去常常在黑板上写下双语单词表,然后我们作为学生,被要求抄写这些单词表并记住它们。主语we(学生)是所给词ask的承受者,且动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是复数,故填were asked。
43.考查名词复数。句意:所有的教学都侧重于阅读和写作技能,但没有针对口语或听力的活动。此处为there be句型的主语,由于be用的是were,因此临近的名词需用相应的复数形式。故填activities。
44.考查非谓语动词。句意:现在,我仍然不完全知道如何使用英语语言,比如使用习语和正确的词汇形式。此处是“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构,为固定用法,在句中作宾语。故填to use。
45.考查副词。句意:此外,我还应该更加努力地正确使用某些词汇。此处修饰动词use,应用提示词的副词形式。故填correctly。
46.struggling
【详解】考查时态。句意:工人们正在为干净的食堂和健康的食物而斗争。根据汉语提示“斗争”应用动词struggle,作谓语动词,结合助动词are,主动语态,表示现在正在进行的动作,为现在进行时are doing形式,用现在分词struggling。故填struggling。
47.attitude
【详解】考查名词。句意:老年人往往对警察有好感。根据汉语提示和前文have a可知,此处应用名词attitude作宾语。故填attitude。
48.specific
【详解】考查形容词。句意:一些具体的信息应该尽快调查清楚。根据汉语提示可知,specific“具体的”,形容词,作定语修饰名词information。故填specific。
49.reference
【详解】考查名词。句意:这只是我个人的观点,仅供参考。形容词性物主代词your后接名词形式。名词“参考”英文为reference,在句中作宾语。根据汉语提示及句意,故填reference。
50.personality/character
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们正在寻找性格外向友好的人。这里考查“性格特点”对应的名词personality/character,作宾语,不定冠词an提示用单数,故填personality/character。
51.description
【详解】考查名词。句意:警察询问了那个人,他对事故进行了清楚的描述。根据汉语提示可知,空处需要名词description“描述”,在句中作宾语。give a clear description of“清楚地描述……”。故填description。
52.demanded
【详解】考查动词和语态。句意:你将被要求协助史密斯夫人准备一份报告。“要求”作谓语,用动词demand,与主语You之间是被动关系,用过去分词构成一般将来时的被动语态will be demanded。故填demanded。
53.carved
【详解】考查动词。句意: 西施的家乡的图片被雕刻在墙上。分析句子结构可知,此处填动词的过去分词形式,构成被动语态;结合汉语提示“雕刻”,用carve,故填carved。
54.appreciate
【详解】考查动词。句意:如果你能把音乐调低,我将不胜感激。根据句型分析可知,这里应填谓语动词,且情态动词would后应用动词原形,再根据中文提示可知,“欣赏”应填appreciate,表示感激。故填appreciate。
55.begged
【详解】考查动词及时态。句意:昨天我哀求他和我一起回纽约。根据句意和汉语提示可知,空处应填动词beg“哀求”, 做句子的谓语动词,结合时间状语yesterday可知,应用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式begged。故填begged。
56.symbol
【详解】考查名词。句意:面条在中国文化中是长寿的象征。根据汉语提示可知应用名词symbol,构成a symbol of表示“……的象征”。故填symbol。
57.Despite
【详解】考查介词。句意:尽管面临许多困难,他仍对未来保持乐观。根据汉语提示及句意,结合下文动名词短语“being faced with many difficulties”可知应填介词despite,构成介宾结构(介词+宾语)。该空位于句首,首字母大写。故填Despite。
58.system
【详解】考查名词。句意:教授从国外引进了一套很好的语言教学体系。设空处使用名词作宾语。表示“系统”用system。故填system。
59.civilization
【详解】考查名词。句意:希腊首都雅典被认为是西方文明的发源地。根据汉语提示可知文明civilization,作宾语,故填civilization。
60.classic/classical
【详解】考查形容词。句意:通过这些网站,我可以读一些经典的英文文章,诗歌和小说。根据汉语意思可知,填形容词classic/classical。
61.on hand 62.by no means 63.with the aid of 64.were suffering from/suffered from 65.with shock 66.be equal to 67.dating back to 68.survive on 69.burying himself in/buried in 70.relate to
【解析】61.考查固定搭配。句意:他手头的工作太多了。该空处意思为“手头上有”,故用介词短语on hand,表示目前需要处理的事情很多。故填on hand。
62.考查固定搭配。句意:我不是勇敢,但我绝对不是懦夫。该空处意思为“绝不”,用来强调自己虽然不勇敢,但也不是懦弱之人,故用短语by no means。故填by no means。
63.考查固定搭配。句意:借助他发现的新方法,他成功了。该空处意思为“借助于”,表示成功是通过使用新方法实现的,故用介词短语with the aid of。故填with the aid of。
64.考查固定搭配、时态。句意:有人被发现还活着,尽管他们受了重伤。该空处意思为“遭受”,表示这些人尽管遭受了严重的伤害,但依然幸存,故用动词短语suffer from。根据前文的were found可知,本句描述过去的动作和状态,故时态用一般过去时,谓语用过去式。也可以理解为过去他正在发生的动作,时态用过去进行时,主语为they,be动词用were。故填were suffering from或suffered from。
65.考查固定搭配。句意:小男孩震惊得说不出话来。该空处意思为“震惊地”,表示小男孩因某种情况而非常吃惊,故用介词短语with shock。故填with shock。
66.考查固定搭配、情态动词。句意:我找不到能胜任这项工作的人。该空处意思为“胜任”,表示寻找能够匹配或有能力完成这项工作的人,故用动词短语be equal to。空前有情态动词can,本空用动词原形。故填be equal to。
67.考查固定搭配。句意:这个奇怪的习俗很流行,可以追溯到明朝。该空处意思为“追溯到”,表示这个习俗有着悠久的历史源头,故用动词短语date back to,本句系动词为is,此处为非谓语动词,此处用现在分词形式,作后置定语,修饰custom。故填dating back to。
68.考查固定搭配。句意:我一周靠40元没法生活。该空处意思为“依靠……生活”,故用动词短语survive on。空前有情态动词can’t,本空用动词原形。故填survive on。
69.考查固定搭配、时态。句意:虽然天色已晚,我父亲仍在埋头读书。该空处意思为“埋头于”,故用动词短语bury oneself in,由was可知,此处用过去进行时,且根据主语my father可知,本空用burying himself in。或“埋头于”用be buried in,根据空前的was可知,本空用buried in。故填burying himself或inburied in。
70.考查固定搭配。句意:每个句子都与主要观点有关吗?该空处意思为“与……相关”,故用动词短语relate to,空前有助动词Does,本空用动词原形。故填relate to。