2025届高三英语二轮复习 语法高频考点主谓一致专项训练 教案（表格式）
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| 名称 | 2025届高三英语二轮复习 语法高频考点主谓一致专项训练 教案（表格式） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 66.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-14 18:04:34 | ||
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年 级： 高三 课时数： 3 辅导科目： 英语
课 题 主谓一致
教学目的 系统梳理主谓一致用法，掌握并灵活运用重要考点。
教学内容
Step1：Greetings & Free talk （请老师选择学生感兴趣的话题进行口语练习） Step2: Assignments checking ＆Revision I、错题重现 (请老师根据学生具体情况添加) II、重点知识回顾 Step３:Warming up—An interesting discovery In a study likely to make school janitors cringe, U.S. researchers said Wednesday that chewing gum may boost academic performance in teenagers.
Many U.S. schools ban chewing gum because children often dispose of the sticky chaw under chairs or tables.
But a team led by Craig Johnston at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston found that students who chewed gum during math class had higher scores on a standardized math test after 14 weeks and better grades at the end of the term than students in the class who did not chew gum. The study was funded by chewing gum maker Wrigley.
"For the first time we've been able to show in a real-life kind of situation that students did perform better when they were allowed to chew," said Gil Leveille, executive director of the Wrigley Science Institute, a research arm of Wm Wrigley Jr Co, which is now a part of Mars Inc.
Leveille said Wrigley has gotten feedback from many of its gum customers who say chewing gum helps them stay focused.
So, four years ago the company started the science institute to see if some of these claims have merit.
The researchers at Baylor studied four math classes or 108 students aged 13 to 16 years old from a Houston, Texas, charter school that serves mostly low-income Hispanic students.
About half got free Wrigley's sugar-free gum to chew during class, homework and tests. They chewed at least one stick of gum 86 percent of the time they were in math class and 36 percent of the time they were doing homework.
The other half went without.
After 14 weeks, the gum chewers had a three percent increase in their math scores on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills achievement test, a small but statistically significant change, according to Johnston and colleagues, who presented their findings at the American Society for Nutrition scientific meeting in New Orleans.
They found no difference in math scores between the two groups in another test called the Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Achievement. However, the gum-chewers did get better final grades in the class than their non-chewing peers.
Another Wrigley-funded study found that college students in a lab who were given difficult computer tasks had lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol when they were chewing gum compared to when they were not.
Leveille said he thinks chewing gum helps reduce stress so students can do their best work. And while he is aware that many schools have a dim view of students chewing gum in class, he hopes the findings may change that a bit.
"It's not a matter of chewing. It's a matter of gum disposal," Leveille said, adding that that can be overcome by teaching proper disposal behaviors. If that fails, he quipped, "We'll have to provide the janitors with scrapers." ( 这个新发现对你有帮助吗？) Step4：Diagnostic test 1. those who work as miners more or less lung problems, for they breathe in some poisonous stuff while working. A. A major of ... have B. The major of ... has C. A majority of ... has D. The majority of ... have 2. The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent for different reasons. A. were ... was B. was ... was C. was ... were D. were ... were 3. At the awarding-ceremony of OSCAR, OSCAR winners each a little gold man, which is a great honor. A. are presented B. is presented to C. are presented with D. is presented for 4. Though TV sets with LCD(液晶) screen are now in high price, are believed in a mass production in a few years. A. this kind of TV sets B. these kinds of TV sets C. TV sets of this kind D. TV set of these kinds 5. A group of volunteers to aid the helpless in their struggle for survival. A. have been organized B. has been organized C. have organized D. has organized 6. It good manners to say good-bye when you take leave. A. is B. was C. are D. being 7. Since two thirds of his skin burnt, his recovery rate is very low. A. had been B. are C. was D. were 8. The population of the penguins sharply due to human behaviors such as attacking the penguins' nests, breaking their eggs and killing the parent birds. A. had declined B. were declined C. has declined D. have declined 9. Reading English journals and novels helpful to your study of English. A. is B. are C. may D. will 10. Watering the flowers and looking after the children all I have to do every day. A. is B. are C. was D. had been II. One of the things she wrote about life on a small farm decades ago. A. were B. was C. has been D. are 12. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who to be friendly, however, it is very hard to deal with him. A. appears B. appear C. is appearing D. appeared 13. John is the only one of the staff members who to be transferred to the PR Department. A. is going B. are going C. have been going D. has been gone 14. The first two problems are very difficult, but the rest easier. A. is B. are C. was D. has been 15. I have read part of the book and but the rest more difficult, as it deals with American history. A. is B. are C. was D. is being 16. E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication. A is playing B. are playing C. have played D. play 17. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth ... is B. Two fifth ... are C. Two fifths ... is D. Two fifths ... are 18. As a result of destroying the forests, a large of desert covered the land. A. number ... has B. quantity ... has C. number ... have D. quantity ... have 19. More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year. A sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 20. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working ******************************************************************************************************* Keys: 1. DCCCA 6. ACCAB 11. BBABA 16.ACBBC Step5：Grammar focus—主谓一致 一、名词作主语 ①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 My family is going out for a trip. The whole family are watching TV. 同类单词有：audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public
②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 ③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. ④表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, series(单数、 复数形式同形)、 species(单数、 复数形式同形)、 ton、 meter等与of连用构成主语时， 由of之前表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式。 例如： This kind of these apples is sweet. 这种苹果很甜。 These kinds of apples are very sweet. 这些种类的苹果都很甜。 ⑤ “a number of＋可数名词复数”(表示“大量的……”)的结构作主语时， 谓语动词应采用复数形式； “the number of＋可数名词复数”(表示“……的数量”)的结构作主语时， 谓语动词应采用单数形式。 例如： A number of students in this class are from Sichuan. 这个班有不少同学来自四川。 The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 ⑥名词化的形容词作主语 the + 形容词（或分词） 结构担任主语时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。 ⑦表“时间、 距离、 金额、 价值、 度量”等计量单位的名词作主语时，在该主语被视为“整体”的情况下谓语动词用单数形式， 在该主语被视为“若干单位”的情况下谓语动词用复数形式。 A million dollars is a large amount of money. Twenty years is not a long time. 二十年光阴， 弹指一挥间。 Twenty years have passed since he left. 他离开已二十个年头了。 ⑧用and连接，但有not one, many a , no, each, every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数 Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。 Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。 二、代词作主语 ①关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 ②such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。 Such is our plan. Such are his last words. ③all 单独作主语时，指人，谓语用复数，指物，谓语用单数。 Now all has been changed. All are present. ④不定代词any、either、neither、none 、some、more等作主语其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数； ⑤one of +名词复数引导定语从句，从句谓语用复数， the only one of +名词复数定语从句，从句谓语用单数. 三、分数、数量词作主语 主语部分是“分数或百分数＋of＋名词/代词”， 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。 【经典例句】 Only three-fifths of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只干完了3/5的工作。 Two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered by water. 地球表面的2/3是水域。 In the USA, 75 percent of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国75%的谷物用来喂养动物。 50 percent of the students are girls in our college. 我们学院50%的学生是女生。 ②“a lot of、lots of、plenty of、a heap of、heaps of、half of 、the rest、most、20percent、part、some、all of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。 Lots of damage was caused by flood. ③a great deal of、a large amount of、a large quantity of、a large sum of +不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数； large amounts of、quantities of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 A large quantity of people is needed here. Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table. ④表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 四、由连接词连接的名词作主语 ① 用and或both … and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 特例： 但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式， and后面的名词没有冠词。 【经典例句】Truth and honesty is the best policy. A teacher and writer will give the lecture. To love and to be loved is the great happiness. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. A knife and fork is on the table. ham and eggs, bread and butter, the needle and thread, cause and effect, the wheel and axle, law and order, a cup and saucer
②遵循就远原则的词语 as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to ③就近原则的词语 or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also Step6：典型例题讲解 例1: The number of people invited________fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 【解析】答案为C. the number of中的number指“数量”，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。A number of(= some)修饰复数名词作主语，位于动词应用复数形式。 例2：Either you or the headmaster_____ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting． A.is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 【解析】答案为D. 连词either．．．or连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致，所以只能在A和D间选择。“或者是你，或者是校长”，就不可能“正在颁奖”；be to do表示“即将，将要”，所以答案为D。 例3: When and where to build the new factory_______yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 【解析】答案为A。特殊疑问句+动词不定式在句中作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。所以在A和C中选。而“在何时，何地建造工厂”是“没有被人决定下来”，因此只能用被动语态，所以答案为A。 例4:A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 【解析】答案为A. 该句主语是A library，谓语动词单数形式，所以只能在A和B中选。而“图书馆作为礼物”只能是“被赠送”，用被动语态，所以选A。 例5: The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. are searching for C. were searching for D. were searching 【解析】答案为C . police，people, cattle等集体名词作主语时，只当复数看待，谓语动词用复数。 例6: The football team_____ having a bath now. A．is B．are C．was D．will 【解析】答案为B. team, family, class9 club9 enemy, group等集体名词作主语时，强调 整体时谓语动词用单数形式。如果强调其中一个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。 例7: The following some other examples. A． iS B． are C． was D． were 【解析】答案为Bathe following作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单数或者复数。 例8 : The Nazi kept those______ in their concentration camps. A. prisoner-of-wars B. prisoners of wars C. prisoner-of-war D. prisoners-of-war 分析：答案为D。复合名词复数的构成通常是将里面所包含的主体名词变成复数。如：passers-by。 Step6：Consolidation exercise. Section A：基础题 1．No bird and no beast_______ in the lonely island. A. are seen B. seen C. is seen D. sees 2．Many a student seen this painting. A. has B. have C. was D. were 3. The Palmers chose to buy the house as its surroundings clean and quiet. A. was B. being C. had been D. were 4. How close parents are to their children a strong influence on the character of the children. A. have B. having C. has D. to have 5. A moderate decrease in house prices expected in the next few years. A. is B. are C. is being D. had been 6. More than 300 students of that school in the tutorial center for different purposes. A. have enrolled B. was enrolled C. has enrolled D. had enrolled 7. The boy and the girl each ways to study languages. A. has their own B. have their own C. has his own D. has her own 8. Attending on-campus concerts part of the pleasure of college life. A. is B. are C. will D. were 9. A basket of oranges, bananas, pears on the counter and you are free to take what you like. A. places B. are placed C. is placed D. were placed 10. Three pints not enough to get him drunk. A. is B. are C. can D. should 11. A substantial portion of papers missing owing to the removal to a new office building. A. is B. are C. has D. have 12. — Is there any old equipment on sale in this second-hand store — Yes, . A. there are many old ones B. there are quite a few C. there is quite a lot D. there is good deal 13. Lots of advice to them on how to fight against sandstorms. A. has given B. are given C. was given D. already gave 14. Cattle on the hillside on a shiny afternoon. A. grazes B. is grazing C. was grazing D. were grazing 15. A number of whales by scientists in order to prove that they annually return to Kailoura, a southern New Zealand town. A. was chased B. had been chased C. has been chased D. have been chased 16. Many a night spent around campfires in his sleeping bag only to keep him warm when he slept. A. was ... slept B. were ... sleep C. was ... sleeping D. were ... sleeping 17. On the wall of his bedroom two of his favorite oil-paintings. A. hangs B. hang C. was hanging D. hanging 18. Seated under the tree a group of students playing guitar. A. was B. there was C. were D. were there 19. The supply of disposable towels and tooth-brushes in hotels a negative part in protecting the environment. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. has been played 20. Mixed with the benefits of X-rays in the medicine and archeological fields. a growing awareness of the damage X-rays can do. A. is B. is there C. are D. there are ****************************************************************************************************** Keys: 1. CADCA 6. ABACA 11. BCCDD 16. CBCCA Section B：提高题 1. If law and order , neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is not preserved B. are not preserved C. is preserved D. are preserved 2. The gas works near the town newly-built, which provides convenience to the inhabitants there. A. is B. are C. were D. had been 3. Whisky and soda his favorite drink. A. is B. are C. were D. have been 4. His "Selected Poems" first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. had been D. has been 5. When the bus crashed into a tree and leaned to one side, more than one passenger trying to open the jammed door. A were B. are C. had D. was 6. One and a half oranges on the table stung by the flies. A. are left B. is left C. was remained D. remain 7. Though the overall crime rate is falling, the number of crimes involving juveniles . A. is risen B. is rising C. are risen D. are rising 8. Either you or the principal the prize to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is presenting B. are to present C. are presenting D. is to present 9. Every man, woman, and child in the health club to realize the harm of smoking. A. come B. has come C. have begun D. start 10. Many a man and many a woman doing exercise in the garden every morning. A. get used to B. are used to C. used to D. is accustomed to 11. The wind, together with the rain and fog, making sailing difficult. A. have been B. was C. / D. are 12. Henry's imagination, as well as his sense of humor, delightful. A. are both B. is C. have D. has 13. Milking the cows, in addition to several other chores, her responsibility. A. is B. are C. should D. had been 14. Betty, not Anne and Carol, the gas station halfway on the field trip. A. have found B. found C. is found D. has been found 15. A large of money is spent in buying cosmetics every year so she looks young even in her forties. A. account B. amount C. number D. quality 16. Everyone should do duty, shouldn't A. one's ... his B. his ... he C. their ... they D. his ... they 17. All that glitters not gold. A. have B. has C. is D. are 18. The furniture on the fifth floor in the famous shopping center is quite different from on the other floors. A. that B. that one C. those D. those ones 19. five years since I graduated from school but I often recall the days with my fellow students. A. There have been B. It is C. It was D. Those are 20. A considerable number of particles electric charges. A. carries B. carry C. carried D. has carried ******************************************************************************************************* Keys: 提高题 1. AAABD 6. BBDBD 11. BBABB 16. DCABB Step7：能力拓展—Reading comprehension. A How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors, But now scientists are giving this feelings an empirical（经验的, 实证的）basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation. Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people to think. Her research indicates that the higher callings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention. Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design ＆Planning Laboratory at University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots. Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim（暗淡的）light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax. So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we’re almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）, ”architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That’s what we're all struggling with. ” 64. What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research A. Light B. Ceilings C. Windows D. Furniture. 65. The passage tells us that____. A. the shape of furniture may affect people, s feelings B. lower ceilings may help improve students’ creativity C. children in a dim classroom may improve their grades D. Students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed 66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _______. A. the problem is not approached step by step B. the researches so far have faults in themselves C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect D. research in this area is not enough to make generalized pattens 67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage CP: Central Point P: point Sp: Sub—point（次要点）C: Conclusion Keys: 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.C B Three years ago, five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona, thousands of miles from the Channel Islands in Jersey sher they had been looked after by zookeepers. No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new Landscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their king for 50 years. To the researchers’ surprise, they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time. Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure, and the poor birds were back in cages, on their way to the safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme. Ever since then, the programme has enjoyed great success, mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild, confiscated （没收） on arrival north of the border, and raised by their parents in the safety of the programme. The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and psychology（心理） of parrots, as Peter Bennett, a bird researcher, points out:” Reintroducing species of high intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult. People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pers or valuable ‘collectables’. ” Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out, biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds. Last year was an important turning point: conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds. Research on parrots is vital for two reasons. Forest, as the Arizona programme showed, when reintroducing parrots to the wild, we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home. We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots keot as pets, particularly as the Trust’s campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice, but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans. 55. What do we know about the area where the five parrots were reintroduced A. Its landscape is new to parrots of their king. B. It used to be home to parrots of their kind. C. It is close to where they had been kept. D. Pine trees were planted to attract birds. 56. The reintroducing experience three years ago shows that man-raised parrots ______. A. can find their way back home in Jersey B. are unable to recognize their parents C. are unable to adapt to the wild D. can produce a new species 57. Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage A. The Trust shows great concern for the programme. B. We need to knows more about how to preserve parrots C. Many people are interested in collecting parrots. D. Parrots’ intelligence may someday benefit people. 58. According to the passage, people are advised_______. A. to treat wild and caged parrots equally B to set up comfortable homes for parrots C. not to keep wild parrots as pets D. not to let more parrots go to the wild Keys: 55.B 56.C 57.B 58.C C Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants Produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as Bugs and bees. Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by Hungry insets, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the Attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away ---- or even Chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies. Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical Sensor（传感器）called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make When they’re attacked Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being Eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual Plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens than can house Thousands of plants. The research team worked with an e-nose than recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software. To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop, These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch（打孔器）. The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on The volatile compounds they produce, It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage ---- by insects or with a hole Punch ---- had been done to the tomato leaves. With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future. 49. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by____. A. making some sounds B. waving their leaves C. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals 50. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked A. They presented it with all common crops. B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device. C. They collected different damaged leaves. D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves. 51. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can___. A. pick out ripe fruits B. spot the insects quickly C. distinguish different damages to the leaves D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves 52 We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____. A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers B. is not yet used in greenhouses C. is designed by scientists at Purdue D. is helpful in killing harmful insects Keys: 49.C 50.D 51.C 52.B Step8：To have a summary What have you got from in this period What would you like to learn next period Step9: Assignments 记忆理解重要句型 完成课后作业
课 题 主谓一致
教学目的 系统梳理主谓一致用法，掌握并灵活运用重要考点。
教学内容
Step1：Greetings & Free talk （请老师选择学生感兴趣的话题进行口语练习） Step2: Assignments checking ＆Revision I、错题重现 (请老师根据学生具体情况添加) II、重点知识回顾 Step３:Warming up—An interesting discovery In a study likely to make school janitors cringe, U.S. researchers said Wednesday that chewing gum may boost academic performance in teenagers.
Many U.S. schools ban chewing gum because children often dispose of the sticky chaw under chairs or tables.
But a team led by Craig Johnston at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston found that students who chewed gum during math class had higher scores on a standardized math test after 14 weeks and better grades at the end of the term than students in the class who did not chew gum. The study was funded by chewing gum maker Wrigley.
"For the first time we've been able to show in a real-life kind of situation that students did perform better when they were allowed to chew," said Gil Leveille, executive director of the Wrigley Science Institute, a research arm of Wm Wrigley Jr Co, which is now a part of Mars Inc.
Leveille said Wrigley has gotten feedback from many of its gum customers who say chewing gum helps them stay focused.
So, four years ago the company started the science institute to see if some of these claims have merit.
The researchers at Baylor studied four math classes or 108 students aged 13 to 16 years old from a Houston, Texas, charter school that serves mostly low-income Hispanic students.
About half got free Wrigley's sugar-free gum to chew during class, homework and tests. They chewed at least one stick of gum 86 percent of the time they were in math class and 36 percent of the time they were doing homework.
The other half went without.
After 14 weeks, the gum chewers had a three percent increase in their math scores on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills achievement test, a small but statistically significant change, according to Johnston and colleagues, who presented their findings at the American Society for Nutrition scientific meeting in New Orleans.
They found no difference in math scores between the two groups in another test called the Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Achievement. However, the gum-chewers did get better final grades in the class than their non-chewing peers.
Another Wrigley-funded study found that college students in a lab who were given difficult computer tasks had lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol when they were chewing gum compared to when they were not.
Leveille said he thinks chewing gum helps reduce stress so students can do their best work. And while he is aware that many schools have a dim view of students chewing gum in class, he hopes the findings may change that a bit.
"It's not a matter of chewing. It's a matter of gum disposal," Leveille said, adding that that can be overcome by teaching proper disposal behaviors. If that fails, he quipped, "We'll have to provide the janitors with scrapers." ( 这个新发现对你有帮助吗？) Step4：Diagnostic test 1. those who work as miners more or less lung problems, for they breathe in some poisonous stuff while working. A. A major of ... have B. The major of ... has C. A majority of ... has D. The majority of ... have 2. The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent for different reasons. A. were ... was B. was ... was C. was ... were D. were ... were 3. At the awarding-ceremony of OSCAR, OSCAR winners each a little gold man, which is a great honor. A. are presented B. is presented to C. are presented with D. is presented for 4. Though TV sets with LCD(液晶) screen are now in high price, are believed in a mass production in a few years. A. this kind of TV sets B. these kinds of TV sets C. TV sets of this kind D. TV set of these kinds 5. A group of volunteers to aid the helpless in their struggle for survival. A. have been organized B. has been organized C. have organized D. has organized 6. It good manners to say good-bye when you take leave. A. is B. was C. are D. being 7. Since two thirds of his skin burnt, his recovery rate is very low. A. had been B. are C. was D. were 8. The population of the penguins sharply due to human behaviors such as attacking the penguins' nests, breaking their eggs and killing the parent birds. A. had declined B. were declined C. has declined D. have declined 9. Reading English journals and novels helpful to your study of English. A. is B. are C. may D. will 10. Watering the flowers and looking after the children all I have to do every day. A. is B. are C. was D. had been II. One of the things she wrote about life on a small farm decades ago. A. were B. was C. has been D. are 12. Mr. Gilmore is one of those men who to be friendly, however, it is very hard to deal with him. A. appears B. appear C. is appearing D. appeared 13. John is the only one of the staff members who to be transferred to the PR Department. A. is going B. are going C. have been going D. has been gone 14. The first two problems are very difficult, but the rest easier. A. is B. are C. was D. has been 15. I have read part of the book and but the rest more difficult, as it deals with American history. A. is B. are C. was D. is being 16. E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication. A is playing B. are playing C. have played D. play 17. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth ... is B. Two fifth ... are C. Two fifths ... is D. Two fifths ... are 18. As a result of destroying the forests, a large of desert covered the land. A. number ... has B. quantity ... has C. number ... have D. quantity ... have 19. More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year. A sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 20. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working ******************************************************************************************************* Keys: 1. DCCCA 6. ACCAB 11. BBABA 16.ACBBC Step5：Grammar focus—主谓一致 一、名词作主语 ①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 My family is going out for a trip. The whole family are watching TV. 同类单词有：audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public
②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 ③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. ④表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词kind, sort, type, form, pair, cup, glass, piece, box, chain, series(单数、 复数形式同形)、 species(单数、 复数形式同形)、 ton、 meter等与of连用构成主语时， 由of之前表示“种类、 计量单位”的名词决定谓语动词的形式。 例如： This kind of these apples is sweet. 这种苹果很甜。 These kinds of apples are very sweet. 这些种类的苹果都很甜。 ⑤ “a number of＋可数名词复数”(表示“大量的……”)的结构作主语时， 谓语动词应采用复数形式； “the number of＋可数名词复数”(表示“……的数量”)的结构作主语时， 谓语动词应采用单数形式。 例如： A number of students in this class are from Sichuan. 这个班有不少同学来自四川。 The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 ⑥名词化的形容词作主语 the + 形容词（或分词） 结构担任主语时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich、the poor、the brave、the injured、the living、the wounded等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如the unknown、the beautiful等。 ⑦表“时间、 距离、 金额、 价值、 度量”等计量单位的名词作主语时，在该主语被视为“整体”的情况下谓语动词用单数形式， 在该主语被视为“若干单位”的情况下谓语动词用复数形式。 A million dollars is a large amount of money. Twenty years is not a long time. 二十年光阴， 弹指一挥间。 Twenty years have passed since he left. 他离开已二十个年头了。 ⑧用and连接，但有not one, many a , no, each, every 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数 Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。 Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。 No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。 二、代词作主语 ①关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 ②such、the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。 Such is our plan. Such are his last words. ③all 单独作主语时，指人，谓语用复数，指物，谓语用单数。 Now all has been changed. All are present. ④不定代词any、either、neither、none 、some、more等作主语其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数； ⑤one of +名词复数引导定语从句，从句谓语用复数， the only one of +名词复数定语从句，从句谓语用单数. 三、分数、数量词作主语 主语部分是“分数或百分数＋of＋名词/代词”， 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。 【经典例句】 Only three-fifths of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只干完了3/5的工作。 Two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered by water. 地球表面的2/3是水域。 In the USA, 75 percent of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国75%的谷物用来喂养动物。 50 percent of the students are girls in our college. 我们学院50%的学生是女生。 ②“a lot of、lots of、plenty of、a heap of、heaps of、half of 、the rest、most、20percent、part、some、all of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。 Lots of damage was caused by flood. ③a great deal of、a large amount of、a large quantity of、a large sum of +不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数； large amounts of、quantities of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 A large quantity of people is needed here. Quantities of food (nuts) were still on the table. ④表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 四、由连接词连接的名词作主语 ① 用and或both … and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。 特例： 但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式， and后面的名词没有冠词。 【经典例句】Truth and honesty is the best policy. A teacher and writer will give the lecture. To love and to be loved is the great happiness. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. A knife and fork is on the table. ham and eggs, bread and butter, the needle and thread, cause and effect, the wheel and axle, law and order, a cup and saucer
②遵循就远原则的词语 as well as、as much as、no less than、along with、with、like、rather than、together with、but、except、besides、including、in addition to ③就近原则的词语 or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also Step6：典型例题讲解 例1: The number of people invited________fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 【解析】答案为C. the number of中的number指“数量”，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。A number of(= some)修饰复数名词作主语，位于动词应用复数形式。 例2：Either you or the headmaster_____ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting． A.is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out 【解析】答案为D. 连词either．．．or连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致，所以只能在A和D间选择。“或者是你，或者是校长”，就不可能“正在颁奖”；be to do表示“即将，将要”，所以答案为D。 例3: When and where to build the new factory_______yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 【解析】答案为A。特殊疑问句+动词不定式在句中作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。所以在A和C中选。而“在何时，何地建造工厂”是“没有被人决定下来”，因此只能用被动语态，所以答案为A。 例4:A library with five thousand books to the nation as a gift. A.is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 【解析】答案为A. 该句主语是A library，谓语动词单数形式，所以只能在A和B中选。而“图书馆作为礼物”只能是“被赠送”，用被动语态，所以选A。 例5: The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. are searching for C. were searching for D. were searching 【解析】答案为C . police，people, cattle等集体名词作主语时，只当复数看待，谓语动词用复数。 例6: The football team_____ having a bath now. A．is B．are C．was D．will 【解析】答案为B. team, family, class9 club9 enemy, group等集体名词作主语时，强调 整体时谓语动词用单数形式。如果强调其中一个成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。 例7: The following some other examples. A． iS B． are C． was D． were 【解析】答案为Bathe following作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单数或者复数。 例8 : The Nazi kept those______ in their concentration camps. A. prisoner-of-wars B. prisoners of wars C. prisoner-of-war D. prisoners-of-war 分析：答案为D。复合名词复数的构成通常是将里面所包含的主体名词变成复数。如：passers-by。 Step6：Consolidation exercise. Section A：基础题 1．No bird and no beast_______ in the lonely island. A. are seen B. seen C. is seen D. sees 2．Many a student seen this painting. A. has B. have C. was D. were 3. The Palmers chose to buy the house as its surroundings clean and quiet. A. was B. being C. had been D. were 4. How close parents are to their children a strong influence on the character of the children. A. have B. having C. has D. to have 5. A moderate decrease in house prices expected in the next few years. A. is B. are C. is being D. had been 6. More than 300 students of that school in the tutorial center for different purposes. A. have enrolled B. was enrolled C. has enrolled D. had enrolled 7. The boy and the girl each ways to study languages. A. has their own B. have their own C. has his own D. has her own 8. Attending on-campus concerts part of the pleasure of college life. A. is B. are C. will D. were 9. A basket of oranges, bananas, pears on the counter and you are free to take what you like. A. places B. are placed C. is placed D. were placed 10. Three pints not enough to get him drunk. A. is B. are C. can D. should 11. A substantial portion of papers missing owing to the removal to a new office building. A. is B. are C. has D. have 12. — Is there any old equipment on sale in this second-hand store — Yes, . A. there are many old ones B. there are quite a few C. there is quite a lot D. there is good deal 13. Lots of advice to them on how to fight against sandstorms. A. has given B. are given C. was given D. already gave 14. Cattle on the hillside on a shiny afternoon. A. grazes B. is grazing C. was grazing D. were grazing 15. A number of whales by scientists in order to prove that they annually return to Kailoura, a southern New Zealand town. A. was chased B. had been chased C. has been chased D. have been chased 16. Many a night spent around campfires in his sleeping bag only to keep him warm when he slept. A. was ... slept B. were ... sleep C. was ... sleeping D. were ... sleeping 17. On the wall of his bedroom two of his favorite oil-paintings. A. hangs B. hang C. was hanging D. hanging 18. Seated under the tree a group of students playing guitar. A. was B. there was C. were D. were there 19. The supply of disposable towels and tooth-brushes in hotels a negative part in protecting the environment. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. has been played 20. Mixed with the benefits of X-rays in the medicine and archeological fields. a growing awareness of the damage X-rays can do. A. is B. is there C. are D. there are ****************************************************************************************************** Keys: 1. CADCA 6. ABACA 11. BCCDD 16. CBCCA Section B：提高题 1. If law and order , neither the citizen nor his property is safe. A. is not preserved B. are not preserved C. is preserved D. are preserved 2. The gas works near the town newly-built, which provides convenience to the inhabitants there. A. is B. are C. were D. had been 3. Whisky and soda his favorite drink. A. is B. are C. were D. have been 4. His "Selected Poems" first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. had been D. has been 5. When the bus crashed into a tree and leaned to one side, more than one passenger trying to open the jammed door. A were B. are C. had D. was 6. One and a half oranges on the table stung by the flies. A. are left B. is left C. was remained D. remain 7. Though the overall crime rate is falling, the number of crimes involving juveniles . A. is risen B. is rising C. are risen D. are rising 8. Either you or the principal the prize to these gifted students at the meeting. A. is presenting B. are to present C. are presenting D. is to present 9. Every man, woman, and child in the health club to realize the harm of smoking. A. come B. has come C. have begun D. start 10. Many a man and many a woman doing exercise in the garden every morning. A. get used to B. are used to C. used to D. is accustomed to 11. The wind, together with the rain and fog, making sailing difficult. A. have been B. was C. / D. are 12. Henry's imagination, as well as his sense of humor, delightful. A. are both B. is C. have D. has 13. Milking the cows, in addition to several other chores, her responsibility. A. is B. are C. should D. had been 14. Betty, not Anne and Carol, the gas station halfway on the field trip. A. have found B. found C. is found D. has been found 15. A large of money is spent in buying cosmetics every year so she looks young even in her forties. A. account B. amount C. number D. quality 16. Everyone should do duty, shouldn't A. one's ... his B. his ... he C. their ... they D. his ... they 17. All that glitters not gold. A. have B. has C. is D. are 18. The furniture on the fifth floor in the famous shopping center is quite different from on the other floors. A. that B. that one C. those D. those ones 19. five years since I graduated from school but I often recall the days with my fellow students. A. There have been B. It is C. It was D. Those are 20. A considerable number of particles electric charges. A. carries B. carry C. carried D. has carried ******************************************************************************************************* Keys: 提高题 1. AAABD 6. BBDBD 11. BBABB 16. DCABB Step7：能力拓展—Reading comprehension. A How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors, But now scientists are giving this feelings an empirical（经验的, 实证的）basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation. Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people to think. Her research indicates that the higher callings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention. Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design ＆Planning Laboratory at University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots. Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim（暗淡的）light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax. So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we’re almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）, ”architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That’s what we're all struggling with. ” 64. What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research A. Light B. Ceilings C. Windows D. Furniture. 65. The passage tells us that____. A. the shape of furniture may affect people, s feelings B. lower ceilings may help improve students’ creativity C. children in a dim classroom may improve their grades D. Students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed 66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _______. A. the problem is not approached step by step B. the researches so far have faults in themselves C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect D. research in this area is not enough to make generalized pattens 67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage CP: Central Point P: point Sp: Sub—point（次要点）C: Conclusion Keys: 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.C B Three years ago, five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona, thousands of miles from the Channel Islands in Jersey sher they had been looked after by zookeepers. No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new Landscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their king for 50 years. To the researchers’ surprise, they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time. Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure, and the poor birds were back in cages, on their way to the safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme. Ever since then, the programme has enjoyed great success, mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild, confiscated （没收） on arrival north of the border, and raised by their parents in the safety of the programme. The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and psychology（心理） of parrots, as Peter Bennett, a bird researcher, points out:” Reintroducing species of high intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult. People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pers or valuable ‘collectables’. ” Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out, biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds. Last year was an important turning point: conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds. Research on parrots is vital for two reasons. Forest, as the Arizona programme showed, when reintroducing parrots to the wild, we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home. We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots keot as pets, particularly as the Trust’s campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice, but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans. 55. What do we know about the area where the five parrots were reintroduced A. Its landscape is new to parrots of their king. B. It used to be home to parrots of their kind. C. It is close to where they had been kept. D. Pine trees were planted to attract birds. 56. The reintroducing experience three years ago shows that man-raised parrots ______. A. can find their way back home in Jersey B. are unable to recognize their parents C. are unable to adapt to the wild D. can produce a new species 57. Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage A. The Trust shows great concern for the programme. B. We need to knows more about how to preserve parrots C. Many people are interested in collecting parrots. D. Parrots’ intelligence may someday benefit people. 58. According to the passage, people are advised_______. A. to treat wild and caged parrots equally B to set up comfortable homes for parrots C. not to keep wild parrots as pets D. not to let more parrots go to the wild Keys: 55.B 56.C 57.B 58.C C Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants Produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as Bugs and bees. Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by Hungry insets, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the Attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away ---- or even Chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies. Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical Sensor（传感器）called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make When they’re attacked Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being Eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual Plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens than can house Thousands of plants. The research team worked with an e-nose than recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software. To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop, These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch（打孔器）. The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on The volatile compounds they produce, It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage ---- by insects or with a hole Punch ---- had been done to the tomato leaves. With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future. 49. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by____. A. making some sounds B. waving their leaves C. producing some chemicals D. sending out electronic signals 50. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked A. They presented it with all common crops. B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device. C. They collected different damaged leaves. D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves. 51. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can___. A. pick out ripe fruits B. spot the insects quickly C. distinguish different damages to the leaves D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves 52 We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____. A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers B. is not yet used in greenhouses C. is designed by scientists at Purdue D. is helpful in killing harmful insects Keys: 49.C 50.D 51.C 52.B Step8：To have a summary What have you got from in this period What would you like to learn next period Step9: Assignments 记忆理解重要句型 完成课后作业