人教版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Space exploration-Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure课件(共19张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Space exploration-Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure课件(共19张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-14 21:10:06 | ||
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(共19张PPT)
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 4 Space Exploration
1. To know the basic rules of the infinitive
2. To use it flexibly in different contexts
Learning aims
Leading-in
Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, experts advise us ________ (stay) at home.
However, to learn online is not so pleasant. First, I find it hard ________(follow) my teachers. What’s worse, I still have a lot of homework ______ (do) . To tell the
truth, sometimes I fail ____________ (hand in) . Thanks to my classmates, the
group leader in particular, they always remind me ________ (finish) my
homework on time. Gradually, my study seems ______________ (get) better.
Now my goal is ________ (be) a top student in my class.
What do you think of online learning
to stay
to follow
to hand it in
to finish
to be getting
to be
to do
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，to是不定式标志，无意义，有时可省略。不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用,但不能作谓语。
考点一: 不定式的时态和语态
Grammar： Infinitive
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般时 to do to be done 表示动词与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后
完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前
进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动词发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
完成进行时 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前且一直持续到谓语动词发生时仍在进行
【即学即练】
1. I'm sorry_______________(keep) you waiting so long.
3. He is thought ______________(write) the book ten years ago.
to have kept
to have written
2. She is too young___________(attend) school.
to attend
4. The problem remains_____________(settle).
to be settled
5. She pretended ______________(study) English when her mom came in.
to be studying
动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特性
动词不定式不能作谓语，是非谓语的一种形式。
主语、宾语，表语
定语、表语，补足语
状语
考点二：不定式在句中的作用
不定式作主语
※To see is to believe. I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.
※Being exposed to the noisy surroundings for a long time may result in some physical and mental problems.
A 不定式作主语一般表示具体的, 将来的,有意识的动作.
动词-ing作主语表示抽象的,无意识的,习惯性的倾向.
B 单个不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数。两个或两个以上的不定式做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但当它们作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。
※To love and to be loved is sweet to us.
※To improve people’s lives and to speed up socialize construction are two important tasks today.
It+be+adj.+for/of sb. to do:
(用of sb.时,形容词常用修饰人品质的词，如 nice, stupid, rude, clever,
warm-hearted, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate, silly)
C 为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定 式后置。
（2022 全国乙卷）It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media.
用动词-ing作主语的情况：
no pleasure
no use
It is/was no good doing sth.
no fun
a waste of money/time
worth
no也可换成not或of little
It is no good just being upset.
不定式作定语
I have a lot of homework to do.
Do you have anything to say
My father has something important to tell me.
Would you like something to drink
A 动词不定式作定语时与所修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，并且放在所修饰名词的后面。
He found a good house to live in.
He told me he had no pen to write with.
B 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any, the only, the next, the last等限定 的中心词, 且与中心词为主动关系，这时用不定式作定语。
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
不定式作后置定语
不定式常放在抽象名词的后面：ability, chance, desire, way, courage, plan,
effort, attempt, determination, decision, dream等 或不定代词nothing，something的后面作后置定语。
We must have courage to face challenges.
C 不定式作定语时，若其中动词为不及物动词，必须在后面加上对应的介词。即...sth. to vi. + prep.
They are always the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.
作目的状语，常用的结构：to do; in order to do; so as to do;
但 as to do 一般不置于句首。
C. 不定式作原因状语, 一般跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等的形容词后。
I am more than delighted to be invited to attend the meeting.
B.作结果状语,常表示意想不到的结果常用only to do/…enough to.../too…to
不定式作状语
To/In order to catch the early bus, I got up early this morning.
I got up early this morning to/in order to/so as to catch the early bus.
I went to see him, only to learn that he had left the city last night.
熟记固定结构sb. be+ adj.+ to do sth.
As far as I am concerned, he is very easy to get along with.
3.Many volunteers offered ________(help) build Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan.
4.I deeply regret_______ (hear)that Li Wenliang passed away on Friday evening.
1. It's dangerous to let the children who are so young_______(go) swimming in the river.
2. She is always the first one_________(come) to the office.
5. The airport ______________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
6. She turned up the driveway, only _______her way blocked.
7.It’s no use____________(complain), and you should take action to avoid greater loss.
8. One of his ambitions when he was young was____________(become) a famous lawyer.
go
to come
to help
to hear
to be completed
to find
complaining
to become
9.His father passed away,__________(leave) him little money.
leaving
【即学即练】Ⅰ语法填空
Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, experts advise us 1.to stay at home. However, 2.to learn online is not so pleasant. First, I find it hard 3. to follow my teachers. What’s worse, I still have a lot of homework 4.to do. To tell the truth, sometimes I fail 5.to hand it in. Thanks to my classmates, the group leader in particular, they always remind me 6.to finish my homework on time. Gradually, my study seems 7.to be getting better. Now my goal is 8.to be a top student in my class.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8.
宾语补足语
主语
宾语
定语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
表语
Ⅱ分析下列加粗部分所作句子成分
不定式
to do, to be done, to have done, to have been done, to be doing, to have been doing
1. 作主语
(1)不定式作主语一般表示具体的, 将来的,有意识的动作。(2)单个不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数。两个或两个以上的不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但当它们作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。
2.作表语
动词不定式作表语时，放在系动词后面，表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容；主语常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty,aim, hope, mistake,goal 等表示意向、打算、计划的词
3. 作状语：可作目的状语，结果状语，原因状语等
不定式在句中的作用
Summary
时态语态
1.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
2.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
3.First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
4.Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
5.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
目的状语
目的状语
结果状语
定语
定语
Ⅰ.Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives, and then write down the function of the infinitive.
Exercise
1. 她总是第一个到教室，最后一个离开的。
She is always the first to arrive and the last
to leave the classroom.
2. 孩子们，安静一下，我有件事情要宣布！
Be quiet please, boys and girls, I have an announcement to make！
Ⅱ. Translate the following sentences into English.
3. 这只狗很勇敢，跳到水里救那个小女孩。
The dog was brave enough to jump into
the water to save the little girl.
4. 有很多作业要做，我没时间出去玩了。
I have no time to play outside with so much
homework to do.
Ⅲ.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal
(achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time.
For example, (use) current technology, it would take over two years (get)
to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing (know)
in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will
scientists figure out a way (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey
Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space
scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as
(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to achieve
using
to get
known
to store
to help
Accept what was and what is, and you’ll have more positive energy to pursue what will be.
接受过去和现在的模样，才会有更多的正能量去追寻自己的未来。
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 4 Space Exploration
1. To know the basic rules of the infinitive
2. To use it flexibly in different contexts
Learning aims
Leading-in
Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, experts advise us ________ (stay) at home.
However, to learn online is not so pleasant. First, I find it hard ________(follow) my teachers. What’s worse, I still have a lot of homework ______ (do) . To tell the
truth, sometimes I fail ____________ (hand in) . Thanks to my classmates, the
group leader in particular, they always remind me ________ (finish) my
homework on time. Gradually, my study seems ______________ (get) better.
Now my goal is ________ (be) a top student in my class.
What do you think of online learning
to stay
to follow
to hand it in
to finish
to be getting
to be
to do
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，to是不定式标志，无意义，有时可省略。不定式既有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用,但不能作谓语。
考点一: 不定式的时态和语态
Grammar： Infinitive
主动语态 被动语态 意义
一般时 to do to be done 表示动词与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词之后
完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前
进行时 to be doing 表示谓语动词发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
完成进行时 to have been doing 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前且一直持续到谓语动词发生时仍在进行
【即学即练】
1. I'm sorry_______________(keep) you waiting so long.
3. He is thought ______________(write) the book ten years ago.
to have kept
to have written
2. She is too young___________(attend) school.
to attend
4. The problem remains_____________(settle).
to be settled
5. She pretended ______________(study) English when her mom came in.
to be studying
动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特性
动词不定式不能作谓语，是非谓语的一种形式。
主语、宾语，表语
定语、表语，补足语
状语
考点二：不定式在句中的作用
不定式作主语
※To see is to believe. I won’t believe it until I see it with my own eyes.
※Being exposed to the noisy surroundings for a long time may result in some physical and mental problems.
A 不定式作主语一般表示具体的, 将来的,有意识的动作.
动词-ing作主语表示抽象的,无意识的,习惯性的倾向.
B 单个不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数。两个或两个以上的不定式做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但当它们作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。
※To love and to be loved is sweet to us.
※To improve people’s lives and to speed up socialize construction are two important tasks today.
It+be+adj.+for/of sb. to do:
(用of sb.时,形容词常用修饰人品质的词，如 nice, stupid, rude, clever,
warm-hearted, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate, silly)
C 为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻”现象,常用it做形式主语,将真正主语的不定 式后置。
（2022 全国乙卷）It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media.
用动词-ing作主语的情况：
no pleasure
no use
It is/was no good doing sth.
no fun
a waste of money/time
worth
no也可换成not或of little
It is no good just being upset.
不定式作定语
I have a lot of homework to do.
Do you have anything to say
My father has something important to tell me.
Would you like something to drink
A 动词不定式作定语时与所修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，并且放在所修饰名词的后面。
He found a good house to live in.
He told me he had no pen to write with.
B 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any, the only, the next, the last等限定 的中心词, 且与中心词为主动关系，这时用不定式作定语。
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
不定式作后置定语
不定式常放在抽象名词的后面：ability, chance, desire, way, courage, plan,
effort, attempt, determination, decision, dream等 或不定代词nothing，something的后面作后置定语。
We must have courage to face challenges.
C 不定式作定语时，若其中动词为不及物动词，必须在后面加上对应的介词。即...sth. to vi. + prep.
They are always the first to bear hardships, the last to enjoy comforts.
作目的状语，常用的结构：to do; in order to do; so as to do;
但 as to do 一般不置于句首。
C. 不定式作原因状语, 一般跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”等的形容词后。
I am more than delighted to be invited to attend the meeting.
B.作结果状语,常表示意想不到的结果常用only to do/…enough to.../too…to
不定式作状语
To/In order to catch the early bus, I got up early this morning.
I got up early this morning to/in order to/so as to catch the early bus.
I went to see him, only to learn that he had left the city last night.
熟记固定结构sb. be+ adj.+ to do sth.
As far as I am concerned, he is very easy to get along with.
3.Many volunteers offered ________(help) build Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan.
4.I deeply regret_______ (hear)that Li Wenliang passed away on Friday evening.
1. It's dangerous to let the children who are so young_______(go) swimming in the river.
2. She is always the first one_________(come) to the office.
5. The airport ______________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
6. She turned up the driveway, only _______her way blocked.
7.It’s no use____________(complain), and you should take action to avoid greater loss.
8. One of his ambitions when he was young was____________(become) a famous lawyer.
go
to come
to help
to hear
to be completed
to find
complaining
to become
9.His father passed away,__________(leave) him little money.
leaving
【即学即练】Ⅰ语法填空
Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, experts advise us 1.to stay at home. However, 2.to learn online is not so pleasant. First, I find it hard 3. to follow my teachers. What’s worse, I still have a lot of homework 4.to do. To tell the truth, sometimes I fail 5.to hand it in. Thanks to my classmates, the group leader in particular, they always remind me 6.to finish my homework on time. Gradually, my study seems 7.to be getting better. Now my goal is 8.to be a top student in my class.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8.
宾语补足语
主语
宾语
定语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
表语
Ⅱ分析下列加粗部分所作句子成分
不定式
to do, to be done, to have done, to have been done, to be doing, to have been doing
1. 作主语
(1)不定式作主语一般表示具体的, 将来的,有意识的动作。(2)单个不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数。两个或两个以上的不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但当它们作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。
2.作表语
动词不定式作表语时，放在系动词后面，表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容；主语常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty,aim, hope, mistake,goal 等表示意向、打算、计划的词
3. 作状语：可作目的状语，结果状语，原因状语等
不定式在句中的作用
Summary
时态语态
1.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
2.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
3.First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
4.Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
5.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
目的状语
目的状语
结果状语
定语
定语
Ⅰ.Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives, and then write down the function of the infinitive.
Exercise
1. 她总是第一个到教室，最后一个离开的。
She is always the first to arrive and the last
to leave the classroom.
2. 孩子们，安静一下，我有件事情要宣布！
Be quiet please, boys and girls, I have an announcement to make！
Ⅱ. Translate the following sentences into English.
3. 这只狗很勇敢，跳到水里救那个小女孩。
The dog was brave enough to jump into
the water to save the little girl.
4. 有很多作业要做，我没时间出去玩了。
I have no time to play outside with so much
homework to do.
Ⅲ.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal
(achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time.
For example, (use) current technology, it would take over two years (get)
to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing (know)
in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will
scientists figure out a way (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey
Is it possible to travel faster than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space
scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as
(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
to achieve
using
to get
known
to store
to help
Accept what was and what is, and you’ll have more positive energy to pursue what will be.
接受过去和现在的模样，才会有更多的正能量去追寻自己的未来。