2024-2025学年江苏省常州市高三上学期期中质量调研英语试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024-2025学年江苏省常州市高三上学期期中质量调研英语试卷（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-11-15 11:43:14 | ||
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常州市2024-2025学年第一学期高三期中质量调研
英语
2024年11月
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Frequently asked questions Don’t see what you’re looking for Drop us a line at members@ What is included in a TED Membership TED Members get a variety of exciting benefits, all while supporting TED’s mission to make ideas accessible to everyone. Here’s what’s included with a TED Membership: ·Live TED Speaker conversations with opportunities to ask questions ·High-quality recordings: special access to past events when you can’t attend live ·Ad-free TED podcast (播客) experiences ·Special access to new TED offerings and events: deals, discounts, and being the first in line △Members can view their benefits when logged into by clicking the “My Membership” button. Are TED Member events in-person or remote For now all of our live events are virtual so you can access them from anywhere in the world! How do I know my TED Membership is activated (激活) The membership will start on the day it is purchased. During checkout, you will be asked to either connect your existing free account or create one. Connecting your login to your purchase is critical to access member benefits and subscribe or unsubscribe. Do memberships expire (失效) No. All memberships are paid on a recurring basis. If you bought an annual membership, it will automatically renew each year from the date you purchased it. If you bought a monthly membership, it will automatically renew each month.
1. What can you enjoy with a TED membership
A. Chances to talk to TED speakers. B. The right to sell TED recordings.
C. Chances to place ads in TED podcasts. D. The right to attend TED events for free.
2. You can get a TED membership so long as you ______.
A. ask for it at members@ B. pay some money for it
C. help spread TED ideas D. purchase a account
3 What do we know about a TED membership
A. It must be used for in-person events. B. It takes effect from the next day it is bought.
C. It is activated automatically. D. It will continue by itself unless unsubscribed.
B
Han Kang, the South Korean author best known for her extraordinary novel, “The Vegetarian,” was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday - the first writer from her country to receive the award.
Mats Malm, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, said at a news conference in Stockholm that Han was receiving the honor “for her intense poetic writing that bravely discusses historical events and exposes the fragility of human life.”
Han, 53, was born in 1970 in Gwangju, South Korea. Her father was also a novelist, but much less successful. The family struggled financially and moved frequently. In a 2016 interview with The Times, Han said her childhood experience “was too much for a little child, but I was all right because I was surrounded by books.”
When Han was 9, her family moved to Seoul just months before the Gwangju uprising (起义), when government army fired on crowds of protesters, killing hundreds.
The event shaped her views on humanity’s capacity for violence, Han said in the 2016 interview. She also recalled seeing images of people who lined up to donate their blood to those who were injured in the uprising.
“It was like two unsolvable riddles imprinted on my mind: How can humans be so violent, and how can humans be so noble ” she said. “When I write novels, I find myself always returning to the theme of what it means to be human.”
Han studied literature at Yonsei University in Korea, and her first published works were poems. Her first novel, “Black Deer,” which came out in 1998, was a mystery about a missing woman. In the 2016 interview, Han said it was around that time that she developed the idea for a short story about a woman who becomes a plant, which she eventually developed into “The Vegetarian.”
4. What are Han’s novels themed at
A. Political systems. B. Financial struggle. C. Human nature D. Cultural conflicts.
5. What can we learn about Han’s childhood from paragraph 3
A. Father’s success: inspired her. B. Economic difficulty strengthened her.
C. Frequent move destroyed her. D. The habit of reading comforted her.
6. Why does the author mention the Gwangju uprising
A. To indicate the importance of history. B. To show its influence on Han’s writing.
C. To reveal the cruelty of politics. D. To stress its impact on Korean people’s life.
7. What is “The Vegetarian” mainly about
A. A deer. B. A woman. C. A plant. D. A vegetable.
C
British and American English have mutually (相互的) influenced each other for centuries, but the reactions to these linguistic (语言的) exchanges are different on both sides of the Atlantic. British intellectuals often complain about Americanisms, such as “24/7” or “touch base”, which are viewed as an attack at the purity of British English. However, as Ben Yagoda discusses in Gob smacked! Americans happily adopt Britishisms. Words like “cheeky” and “dodgy” have entered the American vocabulary, often through media like The Crown. This flow of British terms to the U. S. has gone mostly unnoticed, though British people remain critical of Americanism.
Yagoda traces the history of this exchange, noting that many British terms have existed in American language over the years. For instance, military slang (俚语) from British soldiers, such as“bonkers” or“cushy,” became common in American English during the early 20th century. The rise of the Internet has only expedited this exchange, with British phrases now appearing regularly in American media.
Despite the frequent adoption of Britishisms by Americans, the opposite exchange-Brits accepting Americanisms-receives far more criticism. British commentators, like Simon Heffer, describe the spread of American slang as a “linguistic pollution,” criticizing its influence on British English. Shows like Friends are often blamed for the rise of American phrases in British speech, like “Can I get... ” in coffee shops. While British terms are often seen as attractive in the U. S., Americanisms tend to be perceived negatively in Britain, with lists highlighting things “Americans say wrong.”
In the end, this linguistic exchange reveals broader cultural dynamics. British critics might view Americanisms as crude (粗俗的), while Americans delight in the perceived superiority and quirkiness of British slang. Both countries continue to shape each other’s language, whether through media, travel, or digital communication, reflecting a complex relationship between the two nations’ linguistic identities.
8. What is the text mainly about
A. The global impact of Americanisms on British English.
B. The reason for British slang’s winning over Americans.
C. Mutual linguistic influence between British and American English.
D. The decline of British English in America.
9. What does the underlined word “expedited” most probably mean
A. Speeded up. B. Accepted. C. Brought back. D. Challenged.
10. What is “Can I get... ” in coffee shops viewed as in British eyes
A. Simple. B. Humorous. C. Unique. D. Crude.
11. What does the author agree with according to the last paragraph
A. Language and culture are mutually connected.
B. British English is superior, to American English.
C. Both Englishes will become more complicated.
D. America and Britain have a complex relationship.
D
A newly published study finds there are important distinctions in how men and women experience pain. According to the study conducted by researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, men and women use different biological mechanisms (机制) for pain relief.
This research was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of meditation (冥想) for chronic (长期的) back pain and combined data from two clinical trials involving a total of 98 participants that included both healthy individuals and those with chronic back pain.
Participants experienced a meditation training program and practiced meditation while receiving either some naloxone, a drug that stops opioids (类罂粟碱) from working, or a placebo (无效的替代品) of naloxone. Participants were given a painful but harmless heat stimulus (刺激) to the back of their leg. Researchers then measured and compared how much pain relief was experienced from meditation when the opioid system was blocked and when it was fully functional.
The study found:
●Blocking the opioid system with naloxone inhibited (抑制) meditation-based pain relief in men, suggesting that men rely on opioids to reduce pain.
●Naloxone increased meditation-based pain relief in women, suggesting that women rely on non-opioid mechanisms to reduce pain.
●In both men and women, those with chronic pain experienced more pain relief from meditation than the healthy participants did.
Opioids are the body’s natural painkillers. These naturally occurring substances bind to opioid receptors in the brain to reduce the perception of pain. In contrast, pain relief for women appears to use alternative, non-opioid pathways, suggesting that women make less use of the body’s internal opioids for pain relief.
Chronic pain treatment has traditionally followed a relatively standardized approach, but if men and women use different biological pathways for pain relief, it makes sense they might require more sex-specific approaches to treatment. This study provides clear evidence that sex-based differences in pain processing are real and need to be considered when developing treatments and recommending medicines for pain.
12. What is the best title for this article
A. New Research Proves Meditation Ineffective for Chronic Pain.
B. New Research Finds Women Experience More Chronic Pain.
C. New Research Confirms Men and Women Process Pain Differently.
D. New Research Suggests Standardized Approach to Pain Relief.
13. What did all the participants in the research experience
A. Meditation. B. Drugs. C. Harm in the leg. D. Chronic back pain.
14. What can we know from the finding
A. Blocking the opioid system helps men reduce pain.
B. Women depend on opioids to reduce pain.
C. Men use body’s internal opioid for pain relief.
D. Meditation works better to healthy, men than women.
15. What of the study does the last paragraph talk about
A. Condition. B. Limitation. C. Conclusion. D. Implication.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。
Have you ever wished there were a magic method to make learning easier and more efficient ___16___ Named after a Nobel winner in physics known for simplifying complex ideas, this method can help you unlock your potential and gain a deep understanding of various topics.
Step 1: Start by getting a blank sheet of paper. Write down everything you already know about a topic. This serves as your initial knowledge base. As you dive deeper into the topic, continue to add new information and insights to your sheet. Be patient during this process. ___17___
Step 2: Explain your topic in a way that a 12-year-old child could understand. ___18___ Begin by simplifying your notes. It’s easy to complicate a subject. However, the true challenge, and the true demonstration of understanding, is in simplification. Only someone who truly comprehends a subject can break it down into its simplest terms, making it accessible to people of all ages.
Step 3: Write down your explanations. It is a powerful tool in the learning process. This activity facilitates reflection, through which we identify areas where further learning is needed. The learning process is iterative (迭代的). Never hesitate to go back to the source materials, especially the parts you don’t fully grasp yet. ___19___ Repeat this process until your explanations are simple and clear.
Step 4: Save the page where you have documented simplified explanations. This is an important step, as this document will serve as a valuable reference in the future. By applying this technique to all new concepts you learn, you will gradually build up a comprehensive folder (文件夹) of knowledge. ___20___ This way, not only will you be strengthening what you have learned, but you will also have the chance to improve your understanding over time.
A. This is an effective test of your understanding.
B. Look no further than the Feynman Technique.
C. Learning is not a race, but a journey of discovery.
D. Make it a habit to review this folder a few times a year.
E. This folder contains other people’s complicated explanations.
F. Review these parts, reflect on them, and improve your understanding.
G. The Feynman technique breaks the learning process into four broad steps.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was dismissed from a high-tech company. I was angry, as I had been doing a good job according to my last evaluation. But this was ____21____! I had to find a new job.
I did the ____22____ resume (简历) thing, but failed. Again and again. Then a man told me about a government retraining program. “The ____23____ will pay for the jobless to go to a nursing school. If you’re interested, go see Mr. Hill. He’s ____24____.”
“I must forget about the past and ____25____ my mind,” I said to myself.
The next day, I found Mr. Hill’s office but was ____26____ to the counseling (咨询) office after he told me what the first man had said. The fellow there ____27____ what Mr. Hill had told me and took me to another office, where I was told the same thing.
I needed a breath of ____28____ air, so I stepped outside into the warm sunshine. ____29____ ran through my head: Do not give up. Don’t let those people _____30_____ you.
My _____31_____ in the business world told me to go to the person at the top.
I found the nursing office and _____32_____ was led to the head of the nursing school. Fifteen minutes into the _____33_____, she said, “Be here tomorrow morning, 9:00 sharp!”
Attending college full-time for two years with no income wasn’t _____34_____. However, I graduated with a degree and acquired a (n) career that allowed me to _____35_____ almost anywhere in the world. All it took was an open mind, faith in myself, and motivation.
21. A. faith B. culture C. life D. time
22. A. average B. usual C. equal D. strange
23. A. headmaster B. nurse C. company D. government
24. A. in charge B. in trouble C. on guard D. on business
25. A. make up B. open up C. agree with D. deal with
26. A. forced B. guided C. carried D. driven
27. A. repeated B. twisted C. admired D. criticized
28. A. warm B. clean C. fresh D. wet
29. A. Memories B. Thoughts C. Opinions D. Attitudes
30. A. recognize B. astonish C. inspire D. discourage
31. A. confidence B. concern C. experience D. determination
32. A. eventually B. unluckily C. unwillingly D. frequently
33. A. investigation B. contest C. discussion D. interview
34. A. funny B. easy C. effective D. valuable
35. A. work B. wander C. protest D. study
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yin and yang, or yin-yang, is a complex relational concept in Chinese philosophy, ____36____ (date) back 3,000 years, to the 9th century B. C. Briefly put, the meaning of yin and yang is ____37____ the universe is governed by sets of two ____38____ (oppose) and interdependent principles or energies that can be observed in nature. Generally speaking, yin is characterized ____39____ an inward energy that is female, cold, dark, and negative, while yang is an outward energy that is male, hot, bright, and positive.
Yin and yang elements come in pairs — such as the moon and the sun, female and male, dark and bright, cold and hot, passive and active, and so on — ____40____ note that yin and yang form the unity of opposites, neither of which can exist independent of ____41____ other. They are interdependent and ____42____ (constant); transforming into each other. If yin is getting ____43____ (strong), yang will be weaker, and vice versa. In other words, yin elements can contain certain parts of yang, and yang can have some parts of yin. This balance of yin and yang is believed ____44____ (exist) in everything.
The idea _____45_____ (influence) Chinese philosophers for thousands of years, including Lao Tzu and Confucius. It underlies Asian martial arts, medicine, science, literature, politics, daily behavior and beliefs.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 学校英文报正在征文，要求描述一次在实践中学习的难忘经历，如理科在实验室上课、文科在运用中学习等。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
(1)学习过程；
(2)你的感想。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80个左右；
(2)请在答题纸相应位置作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
To this day, I don’t know why Rosalie was so mean to me. She never missed an opportunity to laugh at me, or even threaten me. I would hear her jeering (嘲讽的) words when I walked out to catch the bus home. I could feel the heat of her stare when I bent in my seat in the cafeteria and avoided looking anywhere near her direction. I was somewhat terrified of her.
I knew I had to take action, but how I was one of those quiet, timid (胆小的) seventh graders who talked non-stop at home but wouldn’t say two words at school. How could I break the ice
My family lived in a small town of about three thousand people, and it seemed that my dad knew every single one of them. What was even more astonishing was that everyone seemed to know him. One day, I asked my mom how this was possible. She thought for a while and then said, “Well, Jenn, your dad never lets anyone stay a stranger. He talks to everyone he sees, and then he gives them that big smile of his. I guess it’s infectious because people just love him.”
Mother’s words set me thinking. I could smile. I mean, everyone could do that, right I decided to try it out. I would take my experiment straight to Rosalie.
The next morning, I didn’t hear a single word my math teacher said in the fourth period because I was too busy thinking about what I was about to do. Finally, the bell rang. I gathered my books, slipped them into the locker and headed to the cafeteria. My heart was pounding in my chest, and my hands were sweaty. I ran my tongue over my teeth that felt dryer than the Mojave Desert. Then I did a practice smile that I was sure looked more like a grimace (苦相). I took a deep breath and struggled to my feet to keep moving forward.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150个左右；
(2)所给开头两段如下：
Para 1: I saw Rosalie in the distance coming toward me, looking as mean as ever.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para 2: The third day, unlike the first two times, she gave me a little half-smile.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
2024年11月
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
1题】
细节理解题。根据What is included in a TED Membership 部分中“Live TED Speaker conversations with opportunities to ask questions (现场TED演讲者对话，并有机会提问)”可知，作为TED会员，你能享受到与TED演讲者交谈的机会。故选A。
【2题】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The membership will start on the day it is purchased. (会员资格从购买之日起生效。)”可知，只要你付一些钱，就可以获得TED会员资格。故选B。
【3题】
细节理解题。根据Do memberships expire (失效) 部分中“No. All memberships are paid on a recurring basis. If you bought an annual membership, it will automatically renew each year from the date you purchased it. If you bought a monthly membership, it will automatically renew each month. (不。所有的会员都是定期支付的。如果你购买了年度会员，它会从你购买之日起每年自动更新。如果你买的是月费会员，它会自动每月更新。)”可知，TED会员除非取消订阅，否则将自行续约。故选D。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B
4题】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Mats Malm, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, said at a news conference in Stockholm that Han was receiving the honor “for her intense poetic writing that bravely discusses historical events and exposes the fragility of human life.” (组织该奖项的瑞典文学院常任秘书马茨·马尔姆在斯德哥尔摩的新闻发布会上说，韩江获奖“是因为她激烈的诗歌写作，勇敢地讨论历史事件，暴露了人类生活的脆弱”。)”和倒数第二段中“When I write novels, I find myself always returning to the theme of what it means to be human. (当我写小说时，我发现自己总是回到作为人类意味着什么的主题上。)”可知，韩江的小说主题聚焦于人性。故选C。
【5题】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In a 2016 interview with The Times, Han said her childhood experience “was too much for a little child, but I was all right because I was surrounded by books.” (在2016年接受《纽约时报》采访时，韩女士表示，她的童年经历“对一个小孩子来说太多了，但我还好，因为我被书包围了。”)”可知，书籍成为了她童年时期的慰藉。故选D。
【6题】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“The event shaped her views on humanity’s capacity for violence, Han said in the 2016 interview. She also recalled seeing images of people who lined up to donate their blood to those who were injured in the uprising. (她在2016年的采访中说，这件事塑造了她对人类暴力能力的看法。她还回忆起看到人们排队为在起义中受伤的人献血的画面。)”可知，提到光州起义是为了展示这一事件对韩江写作的影响。故选B。
【7题】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“In the 2016 interview, Han said it was around that time that she developed the idea for a short story about a woman who becomes a plant, which she eventually developed into “The Vegetarian.” (在2016年的采访中，韩江说，大约在那个时候，她萌生了写一个关于一个女人变成一株植物的短篇故事的想法，她最终把这个故事写成了《素食者》。)”可知，《素食者》主要是关于一个变成植物的女人的故事。故选B。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A
【8题】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“British and American English have mutually (相互的) influenced each other for centuries, but the reactions to these linguistic (语言的) exchanges are different on both sides of the Atlantic. (几个世纪以来，英国英语和美国英语相互影响，但大西洋两岸对这些语言交流的反应却不同。)”可知，文章主要讲述了英国英语和美国英语之间的相互影响。故选C。
【9题】
词句猜测题。由第二段中“The rise of the Internet has only expedited this exchange, with British phrases now appearing regularly in American media. (互联网的兴起只是expedited这种交流，英国短语现在经常出现在美国媒体上。)”可知，英国短语现在经常出现在美国媒体中，互联网的兴起只是加速了这种交流。所以expedited在此处的意思是“加速了”。A. Speeded up加快速度；B. Accepted接受；C. Brought back带回来；D. Challenged受到挑战。故选A。
【10题】
推理判断题。由第三段“Despite the frequent adoption of Britishisms by Americans, the opposite exchange-Brits accepting Americanisms-receives far more criticism. British commentators, like Simon Heffer, describe the spread of American slang as a “linguistic pollution,” criticizing its influence on British English. Shows like Friends are often blamed for the rise of American phrases in British speech, like “Can I get... ” in coffee shops. While British terms are often seen as attractive in the U. S., Americanisms tend to be perceived negatively in Britain, with lists highlighting things “Americans say wrong.” (尽管美国人经常采用英式英语，但相反的交流——英国人接受美式英语——却受到了更多的批评。西蒙·赫弗等英国评论家将美国俚语的传播描述为“语言污染”，批评它对英式英语的影响。像《老友记》这样的美剧常常被认为是英式语言中出现美式短语的罪魁祸首，比如“Can I get…？”在咖啡店里。虽然英式词汇在美国通常被认为很有吸引力，但美式词汇在英国往往被认为是负面的，其中列出了“美国人说错的地方”。)”可知，虽然英国词汇在美国通常被视为有吸引力，但美国词汇在英国往往被负面看待，有列表会强调“美国人说错的话”，比如咖啡店中的“Can I get… ”。因此，在英国人眼中，“Can I get… ”被视为粗俗的。故选D。
【11题】
推理判断题。由最后一段中“In the end, this linguistic exchange reveals broader cultural dynamics. (最后，这种语言交流揭示了更广泛的文化动态。)”和“Both countries continue to shape each other’s language, whether through media, travel, or digital communication, reflecting a complex relationship between the two nations’ linguistic identities. (无论是通过媒体、旅游还是数字通信，两国都在继续塑造彼此的语言，这反映了两国语言身份之间的复杂关系。)”可知，语言交流揭示了更广泛的文化动态，作者同意语言和文化是相互联系的这一观点。故选A。
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D
【12题】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“A newly published study finds there are important distinctions in how men and women experience pain. (一项新发表的研究发现，男性和女性在感受疼痛方面存在重要差异。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于男女疼痛处理机制差异的研究，揭示了性别在慢性疼痛治疗中的不同需求。因此，最适合这篇文章的标题是“New Research Confirms Men and Women Process Pain Differently (新研究证实男性和女性处理疼痛的方式不同)”。故选C。
【13题】
细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Participants experienced a meditation training program and practiced meditation while receiving either some naloxone, a drug that stops opioids (类罂粟碱) from working, or a placebo (无效的替代品) of naloxone. (参与者在接受纳洛酮（一种阻止阿片类药物起作用的药物）或纳洛酮安慰剂的同时，经历了冥想训练项目和冥想练习。)”可知，所有参与研究的人都经历了冥想训练。故选A。
【14题】
细节理解题。由文章第五段“Blocking the opioid system with naloxone inhibited (抑制) meditation-based pain relief in men, suggesting that men rely on opioids to reduce pain. (用纳洛酮阻断阿片类系统抑制男性以冥想为基础的疼痛缓解，表明男性依赖阿片类药物来减轻疼痛。)”可知，男性使用身体的内部阿片类物质来缓解疼痛。故选C。
【15题】
主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中“Chronic pain treatment has traditionally followed a relatively standardized approach, but if men and women use different biological pathways for pain relief, it makes sense they might require more sex-specific approaches to treatment. (慢性疼痛的治疗传统上遵循相对标准化的方法，但如果男性和女性使用不同的生物途径来缓解疼痛，那么他们可能需要更多针对性别的治疗方法。)”可知，最后一段讨论了这项研究的意义，即如果男性和女性使用不同的生物途径来缓解疼痛，那么他们可能需要更多针对性别的治疗方法。因此，最后一段谈论的是这项研究的意义或启示。故选D。
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. D
【16题】
根据上文“Have you ever wished there were a magic method to make learning easier and more efficient (你是否曾希望有一种神奇的方法能让学习变得更轻松高效？)”和下文“Named after a Nobel winner in physics known for simplifying complex ideas, this method can help you unlock your potential and gain a deep understanding of various topics. (以诺贝尔物理学奖得主的名字命名，以简化复杂的思想而闻名，这种方法可以帮助你释放你的潜力，并深入了解各种主题。)”可知，上文提出了一个问题，即是否曾希望有一种神奇的方法能让学习变得更轻松高效，下文介绍了让学习变得更轻松高效的费曼技巧，这是一种有效的方法。因此，空处应该引出费曼技巧。B选项“Look no further than the Feynman Technique. (不妨看看费曼技巧)”直接引出了费曼技巧，能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
【17题】
根据上文“Step 1: Start by getting a blank sheet of paper. Write down everything you already know about a topic. This serves as your initial knowledge base. As you dive deeper into the topic, continue to add new information and insights to your sheet. Be patient during this process. (第一步：先找一张白纸。写下你已经知道的关于一个话题的一切。这将作为您的初始知识库。随着你对主题的深入了解，继续向你的表格中添加新的信息和见解。在这个过程中要有耐心。)”可知，上文提到开始学习一个主题时，要耐心地写下已知信息和新学到的信息。因此，空处应该强调在这个过程中的耐心态度。C选项“Learning is not a race, but a journey of discovery. (学习不是比赛，而是一场探索之旅)”强调了学习是一个需要耐心的过程，能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
【18题】
根据上文“Step 2: Explain your topic in a way that a 12-year-old child could understand. (第二步：用一个12岁的孩子都能理解的方式来解释你的主题。)”和下文“Begin by simplifying your notes. It’s easy to complicate a subject. However, the true challenge, and the true demonstration of understanding, is in simplification. Only someone who truly comprehends a subject can break it down into its simplest terms, making it accessible to people of all ages. (从简化你的笔记开始。把一个问题复杂化是很容易的。然而，真正的挑战和理解的真正体现是简化。只有真正理解一门学科的人才能把它分解成最简单的术语，让所有年龄段的人都能理解。)”可知，上文提到了第二步是像向12岁孩子解释一样简化主题。下文接着说简化笔记，说明解释过程的挑战性。因此，空处应该说明解释过程对于检验理解的重要性。A选项“This is an effective test of your understanding. (这是对你理解的有效测试)”强调了解释对于检验理解的重要性，能承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
【19题】
根据上文“Step 3: Write down your explanations. It is a powerful tool in the learning process. This activity facilitates reflection, through which we identify areas where further learning is needed. The learning process is iterative (迭代的). Never hesitate to go back to the source materials, especially the parts you don’t fully grasp yet. (第三步：写下你的解释。它是学习过程中一个强大的工具。这项活动有助于反思，通过反思，我们可以确定需要进一步学习的领域。学习过程是迭代的。毫不犹豫地回到原始材料，特别是你还没有完全掌握的部分。)”和下文“Repeat this process until your explanations are simple and clear. (重复这个过程，直到你的解释简单明了。)”可知，上文提到如果在某些部分理解不够充分，不要犹豫回到原始材料中去。下文要求重复这个过程直到解释变得简单明了。因此，空处应该是建议回顾并改进理解。F选项“Review these parts, reflect on them, and improve your understanding. (回顾这些部分，反思它们，并提高你的理解)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【20题】
根据上文“Step 4: Save the page where you have documented simplified explanations. This is an important step, as this document will serve as a valuable reference in the future. By applying this technique to all new concepts you learn, you will gradually build up a comprehensive folder (文件夹) of knowledge. (步骤4：保存已记录简化解释的页面。这是重要的一步，因为这份文件将在今后提供有价值的参考。通过将这种方法应用到你学习的所有新概念中，你将逐渐建立一个全面的知识文件夹。)”和下文“This way, not only will you be strengthening what you have learned, but you will also have the chance to improve your understanding over time. (这样，你不仅可以巩固你所学的知识，而且随着时间的推移，你也有机会提高你的理解能力。)”可知，上文提到保存记录简化解释的页面作为未来的参考。下文则强调了定期复习这些资料的重要性。因此，空处应该是建议养成定期复习的习惯。D选项“Make it a habit to review this folder a few times a year. (养成每年复习几次这个文件夹的习惯)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A
【21题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这是生活！A. faith信仰；B. culture文化；C. life生活；D. time时间。根据前文“I was dismissed from a high-tech company.”和后文“I had to find a new job.”可知，主人公被解雇了，这是生活的一部分，他必须面对并寻找新工作。故选C。
【22题】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我做了惯常的投递简历，但失败了。A. average平均的；B. usual通常的，惯常的，常规的；C. equal平等的；D. strange奇怪的。根据后文“resume (简历) thing, but failed. Again and again.”可知，主人公做了常规的简历投递，但并未成功找到工作。故选B。
【23题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府将支付失业人员去护理学校的费用。A. headmaster校长；B. nurse护士；C. company公司；D. government政府。根据前文“a government retraining program”可知，这是一个由政府提供的再就业培训项目，所以政府将支付失业人员去护理学校的费用。故选D。
【24题】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：他负责此事。A. in charge负责；B. in trouble处于困境；C. on guard警惕；D. on business出差。根据前文“The 3 will pay for the jobless to go to a nursing school. If you’re interested, go see Mr. Hill”可知，Hill先生是这个政项目的负责人。故选A。
【25题】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我必须忘记过去，打开心扉。A. make up编造；B. open up打开；C. agree with同意；D. deal with处理。根据前文“I must forget about the past”可知，主人公需要放下过去，以开放的心态面对未来。故选B。
【26题】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我找到了希尔先生的办公室，但当他告诉我第一个人说的话后，我被带到了咨询办公室。A. forced强迫；B. guided引导；C. carried携带；D. driven驾驶。根据后文“to the counseling office”可知，主人公被引导到了咨询办公室。故选B。
【27题】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那里的家伙重复了希尔先生告诉我的话，并把我带到了另一个办公室，在那里我被告知同样的事情。A. repeated重复；B. twisted扭曲；C. admired钦佩；D. criticized批评。根据后文“what Mr. Hill had told me and took me to another office, where I was told the same thing”可知，咨询办公室的人重复了希尔先生的话。故选A。
【28题】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我需要呼吸一口新鲜空气，于是我走到外面，沐浴在温暖的阳光中。A. warm温暖的；B. clean干净的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. wet潮湿的。根据后文“so I stepped outside into the warm sunshine”可知，主人公想要呼吸新鲜空气，所以走到了外面。故选C。
【29题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的想法在脑海中闪过：不要放弃。不要让那些人使你气馁。A. Memories记忆；B. Thoughts想法；C. Opinions观点；D. Attitudes态度。根据后文“Do not give up. Don’t let those people 10 you”可知，这是主人公脑海中的想法。故选B。
【30题】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的想法在脑海中闪过：不要放弃。不要让那些人使你气馁。A. recognize识别；B. astonish惊讶；C. inspire鼓舞；D. discourage使气馁。根据前文“Do not give up”可知，主人公鼓励自己不要放弃，也不要让别人的话使自己气馁。故选D。
【31题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在商业世界的经验告诉我，要去找上面的人。A. confidence信心；B. concern关心；C. experience经验；D. determination决心。根据后文“told me to go to the person at the top”可知，这是主人公根据自己的经验得出的结论。故选C。
【32题】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我找到了护理办公室，并最终被带到了护理学校的负责人那里。A. eventually最终；B. unluckily不幸地；C. unwillingly不情愿地；D. frequently频繁地。根据后文“was led to the head of the nursing school”可知，主人公最终见到了护理学校的负责人。故选A。
【33题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：面试谈话进行了15分钟后，她说：“明天早上9点准时到这里来！”A. investigation调查；B. contest比赛；C. discussion讨论；D. interview面试。根据前文提到的主人公正在寻找工作，以及后文“she said, “Be here tomorrow morning, 9:00 sharp!””可知，这里指的是面试的过程。故选D。
【34题】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全职上大学两年没有收入并不容易。A. funny有趣的；B. easy容易的；C. effective有效的；D. valuable有价值的。根据前文“Attending college full-time for two years with no income wasn’t”可知，主人公虽然完成了学业，但过程并不容易。故选B。
【35题】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我以学位毕业并获得了一份几乎可以在世界任何地方工作的职业。A. work工作；B. wander徘徊；C. protest抗议；D. study学习。根据前文“I graduated with a degree and acquired a (n) career”和后文“almost anywhere in the world”可知，主人公获得了几乎可以在世界任何地方工作的职业。故选A。
【答案】36. dating
37. that 38. opposing
39. as 40. but
41. the 42. constantly
43. stronger
44. to exist
45. has influenced##has been influencing
【36题】
考查非谓语动词。句意：阴阳是中国哲学中一个复杂的关系概念，可以追溯到公元前3000年前的9世纪。 is是谓语动词，设空处为非谓语动词，此处date与philosophy构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填dating。
【37题】
考查表语从句。句意：简单地说，阴阳的意思是宇宙是由两套对立的、相互依存的原则或能量所支配的，这些原则或能量可以在自然界中观察到。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。
【38题】
考查形容词。句意：简单地说，阴阳的意思是宇宙是由两套对立的、相互依存的原则或能量所支配的，这些原则或能量可以在自然界中观察到。修饰名词principles应用形容词opposing“对立的”，作定语。故填opposing。
【39题】
考查介词。句意：一般来说，阴被认为是一种内向的能量，是女性的、寒冷的、黑暗的和消极的，而阳是一种外向的能量，是男性的、热的、明亮的和积极的。短语be characterized as表示“被描述为，具有……的特征”。故填as。
【40题】
考查连词。句意：阴阳元素是成对出现的，比如月亮和太阳，女性和男性，黑暗和明亮，寒冷和炎热，被动和主动，等等，但要注意，阴和阳是对立统一的，两者都不能独立存在。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
【41题】
考查冠词。句意：阴阳元素是成对出现的，比如月亮和太阳，女性和男性，黑暗和明亮，寒冷和炎热，被动和主动，等等，但要注意，阴和阳是对立统一的，两者都不能独立存在。短语the other表示“另一个”。故填the。
【42题】
考查副词。句意：它们相互依存，不断相互转化。修饰动词transforming应用副词constantly，作状语。故填constantly。
【43题】
考查比较级。句意：阴越强，阳越弱，反之亦然。根据后文yang will be weaker可知为比较级。故填stronger。
【44题】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种阴阳平衡被认为存在于一切事物中。短语be believed to do sth.表示“被认为……”，设空处填不定式。故填to exist。
【45题】
考查时态。句意：几千年来，这一思想一直影响着包括老子和孔子在内的中国哲学家。根据后文for thousands of years可知可用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在产生影响；或用现在完成进行时，表示动作持续不间断发生，主语为idea，助动词用has。故填has influenced/has been influencing。
【答案】
The most impressive English lesson
Of all the English classes I’ve attended, one given by Ms. Liu impressed me most. It was O. Henry’s novel “after twenty years”. Instead of lecturing us, Ms. Liu set us a task to write our own story using O. Henry’s language and style. To finish it, we were encouraged to read for ourselves, discuss with partners and occasionally consult her. In the end, we all created wonderful stories.
I really gained a lot from the special class. By using English, we actually learned it well. Most importantly, we students were the master of learning process, which actually not only added colours to our otherwise dull class, but also boosted our confidence in English learning.
【答案】
I saw Rosalie in the distance coming toward me, looking as mean as ever. For the first time in my life, I made eye contact with her. I actually managed to force a smile through my chattering teeth. Rosalie looked shocked. Then she frowned. I hurried past, sure that she was going to laugh at my back. The next day, I tried again. This time, my teeth weren’t chattering so badly and my smile came out in a more natural way. Rosalie was no longer surprised but her frown remained.
The third day, unlike the first two times, she even gave me a little half-smile. Half it was, but the ice was starting to melt. All of a sudden, I found myself not a timid girl any more. Over the next few weeks, I continued my trial. Rosalie gradually got used and started smiling back. One day, she came over and asked to sit beside me. We became friends! All because I had the courage to smile my way out. From that day on, I gave many strangers big smile of mine, just like my father’s!
英语
2024年11月
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Frequently asked questions Don’t see what you’re looking for Drop us a line at members@ What is included in a TED Membership TED Members get a variety of exciting benefits, all while supporting TED’s mission to make ideas accessible to everyone. Here’s what’s included with a TED Membership: ·Live TED Speaker conversations with opportunities to ask questions ·High-quality recordings: special access to past events when you can’t attend live ·Ad-free TED podcast (播客) experiences ·Special access to new TED offerings and events: deals, discounts, and being the first in line △Members can view their benefits when logged into by clicking the “My Membership” button. Are TED Member events in-person or remote For now all of our live events are virtual so you can access them from anywhere in the world! How do I know my TED Membership is activated (激活) The membership will start on the day it is purchased. During checkout, you will be asked to either connect your existing free account or create one. Connecting your login to your purchase is critical to access member benefits and subscribe or unsubscribe. Do memberships expire (失效) No. All memberships are paid on a recurring basis. If you bought an annual membership, it will automatically renew each year from the date you purchased it. If you bought a monthly membership, it will automatically renew each month.
1. What can you enjoy with a TED membership
A. Chances to talk to TED speakers. B. The right to sell TED recordings.
C. Chances to place ads in TED podcasts. D. The right to attend TED events for free.
2. You can get a TED membership so long as you ______.
A. ask for it at members@ B. pay some money for it
C. help spread TED ideas D. purchase a account
3 What do we know about a TED membership
A. It must be used for in-person events. B. It takes effect from the next day it is bought.
C. It is activated automatically. D. It will continue by itself unless unsubscribed.
B
Han Kang, the South Korean author best known for her extraordinary novel, “The Vegetarian,” was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday - the first writer from her country to receive the award.
Mats Malm, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, said at a news conference in Stockholm that Han was receiving the honor “for her intense poetic writing that bravely discusses historical events and exposes the fragility of human life.”
Han, 53, was born in 1970 in Gwangju, South Korea. Her father was also a novelist, but much less successful. The family struggled financially and moved frequently. In a 2016 interview with The Times, Han said her childhood experience “was too much for a little child, but I was all right because I was surrounded by books.”
When Han was 9, her family moved to Seoul just months before the Gwangju uprising (起义), when government army fired on crowds of protesters, killing hundreds.
The event shaped her views on humanity’s capacity for violence, Han said in the 2016 interview. She also recalled seeing images of people who lined up to donate their blood to those who were injured in the uprising.
“It was like two unsolvable riddles imprinted on my mind: How can humans be so violent, and how can humans be so noble ” she said. “When I write novels, I find myself always returning to the theme of what it means to be human.”
Han studied literature at Yonsei University in Korea, and her first published works were poems. Her first novel, “Black Deer,” which came out in 1998, was a mystery about a missing woman. In the 2016 interview, Han said it was around that time that she developed the idea for a short story about a woman who becomes a plant, which she eventually developed into “The Vegetarian.”
4. What are Han’s novels themed at
A. Political systems. B. Financial struggle. C. Human nature D. Cultural conflicts.
5. What can we learn about Han’s childhood from paragraph 3
A. Father’s success: inspired her. B. Economic difficulty strengthened her.
C. Frequent move destroyed her. D. The habit of reading comforted her.
6. Why does the author mention the Gwangju uprising
A. To indicate the importance of history. B. To show its influence on Han’s writing.
C. To reveal the cruelty of politics. D. To stress its impact on Korean people’s life.
7. What is “The Vegetarian” mainly about
A. A deer. B. A woman. C. A plant. D. A vegetable.
C
British and American English have mutually (相互的) influenced each other for centuries, but the reactions to these linguistic (语言的) exchanges are different on both sides of the Atlantic. British intellectuals often complain about Americanisms, such as “24/7” or “touch base”, which are viewed as an attack at the purity of British English. However, as Ben Yagoda discusses in Gob smacked! Americans happily adopt Britishisms. Words like “cheeky” and “dodgy” have entered the American vocabulary, often through media like The Crown. This flow of British terms to the U. S. has gone mostly unnoticed, though British people remain critical of Americanism.
Yagoda traces the history of this exchange, noting that many British terms have existed in American language over the years. For instance, military slang (俚语) from British soldiers, such as“bonkers” or“cushy,” became common in American English during the early 20th century. The rise of the Internet has only expedited this exchange, with British phrases now appearing regularly in American media.
Despite the frequent adoption of Britishisms by Americans, the opposite exchange-Brits accepting Americanisms-receives far more criticism. British commentators, like Simon Heffer, describe the spread of American slang as a “linguistic pollution,” criticizing its influence on British English. Shows like Friends are often blamed for the rise of American phrases in British speech, like “Can I get... ” in coffee shops. While British terms are often seen as attractive in the U. S., Americanisms tend to be perceived negatively in Britain, with lists highlighting things “Americans say wrong.”
In the end, this linguistic exchange reveals broader cultural dynamics. British critics might view Americanisms as crude (粗俗的), while Americans delight in the perceived superiority and quirkiness of British slang. Both countries continue to shape each other’s language, whether through media, travel, or digital communication, reflecting a complex relationship between the two nations’ linguistic identities.
8. What is the text mainly about
A. The global impact of Americanisms on British English.
B. The reason for British slang’s winning over Americans.
C. Mutual linguistic influence between British and American English.
D. The decline of British English in America.
9. What does the underlined word “expedited” most probably mean
A. Speeded up. B. Accepted. C. Brought back. D. Challenged.
10. What is “Can I get... ” in coffee shops viewed as in British eyes
A. Simple. B. Humorous. C. Unique. D. Crude.
11. What does the author agree with according to the last paragraph
A. Language and culture are mutually connected.
B. British English is superior, to American English.
C. Both Englishes will become more complicated.
D. America and Britain have a complex relationship.
D
A newly published study finds there are important distinctions in how men and women experience pain. According to the study conducted by researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, men and women use different biological mechanisms (机制) for pain relief.
This research was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of meditation (冥想) for chronic (长期的) back pain and combined data from two clinical trials involving a total of 98 participants that included both healthy individuals and those with chronic back pain.
Participants experienced a meditation training program and practiced meditation while receiving either some naloxone, a drug that stops opioids (类罂粟碱) from working, or a placebo (无效的替代品) of naloxone. Participants were given a painful but harmless heat stimulus (刺激) to the back of their leg. Researchers then measured and compared how much pain relief was experienced from meditation when the opioid system was blocked and when it was fully functional.
The study found:
●Blocking the opioid system with naloxone inhibited (抑制) meditation-based pain relief in men, suggesting that men rely on opioids to reduce pain.
●Naloxone increased meditation-based pain relief in women, suggesting that women rely on non-opioid mechanisms to reduce pain.
●In both men and women, those with chronic pain experienced more pain relief from meditation than the healthy participants did.
Opioids are the body’s natural painkillers. These naturally occurring substances bind to opioid receptors in the brain to reduce the perception of pain. In contrast, pain relief for women appears to use alternative, non-opioid pathways, suggesting that women make less use of the body’s internal opioids for pain relief.
Chronic pain treatment has traditionally followed a relatively standardized approach, but if men and women use different biological pathways for pain relief, it makes sense they might require more sex-specific approaches to treatment. This study provides clear evidence that sex-based differences in pain processing are real and need to be considered when developing treatments and recommending medicines for pain.
12. What is the best title for this article
A. New Research Proves Meditation Ineffective for Chronic Pain.
B. New Research Finds Women Experience More Chronic Pain.
C. New Research Confirms Men and Women Process Pain Differently.
D. New Research Suggests Standardized Approach to Pain Relief.
13. What did all the participants in the research experience
A. Meditation. B. Drugs. C. Harm in the leg. D. Chronic back pain.
14. What can we know from the finding
A. Blocking the opioid system helps men reduce pain.
B. Women depend on opioids to reduce pain.
C. Men use body’s internal opioid for pain relief.
D. Meditation works better to healthy, men than women.
15. What of the study does the last paragraph talk about
A. Condition. B. Limitation. C. Conclusion. D. Implication.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。
Have you ever wished there were a magic method to make learning easier and more efficient ___16___ Named after a Nobel winner in physics known for simplifying complex ideas, this method can help you unlock your potential and gain a deep understanding of various topics.
Step 1: Start by getting a blank sheet of paper. Write down everything you already know about a topic. This serves as your initial knowledge base. As you dive deeper into the topic, continue to add new information and insights to your sheet. Be patient during this process. ___17___
Step 2: Explain your topic in a way that a 12-year-old child could understand. ___18___ Begin by simplifying your notes. It’s easy to complicate a subject. However, the true challenge, and the true demonstration of understanding, is in simplification. Only someone who truly comprehends a subject can break it down into its simplest terms, making it accessible to people of all ages.
Step 3: Write down your explanations. It is a powerful tool in the learning process. This activity facilitates reflection, through which we identify areas where further learning is needed. The learning process is iterative (迭代的). Never hesitate to go back to the source materials, especially the parts you don’t fully grasp yet. ___19___ Repeat this process until your explanations are simple and clear.
Step 4: Save the page where you have documented simplified explanations. This is an important step, as this document will serve as a valuable reference in the future. By applying this technique to all new concepts you learn, you will gradually build up a comprehensive folder (文件夹) of knowledge. ___20___ This way, not only will you be strengthening what you have learned, but you will also have the chance to improve your understanding over time.
A. This is an effective test of your understanding.
B. Look no further than the Feynman Technique.
C. Learning is not a race, but a journey of discovery.
D. Make it a habit to review this folder a few times a year.
E. This folder contains other people’s complicated explanations.
F. Review these parts, reflect on them, and improve your understanding.
G. The Feynman technique breaks the learning process into four broad steps.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was dismissed from a high-tech company. I was angry, as I had been doing a good job according to my last evaluation. But this was ____21____! I had to find a new job.
I did the ____22____ resume (简历) thing, but failed. Again and again. Then a man told me about a government retraining program. “The ____23____ will pay for the jobless to go to a nursing school. If you’re interested, go see Mr. Hill. He’s ____24____.”
“I must forget about the past and ____25____ my mind,” I said to myself.
The next day, I found Mr. Hill’s office but was ____26____ to the counseling (咨询) office after he told me what the first man had said. The fellow there ____27____ what Mr. Hill had told me and took me to another office, where I was told the same thing.
I needed a breath of ____28____ air, so I stepped outside into the warm sunshine. ____29____ ran through my head: Do not give up. Don’t let those people _____30_____ you.
My _____31_____ in the business world told me to go to the person at the top.
I found the nursing office and _____32_____ was led to the head of the nursing school. Fifteen minutes into the _____33_____, she said, “Be here tomorrow morning, 9:00 sharp!”
Attending college full-time for two years with no income wasn’t _____34_____. However, I graduated with a degree and acquired a (n) career that allowed me to _____35_____ almost anywhere in the world. All it took was an open mind, faith in myself, and motivation.
21. A. faith B. culture C. life D. time
22. A. average B. usual C. equal D. strange
23. A. headmaster B. nurse C. company D. government
24. A. in charge B. in trouble C. on guard D. on business
25. A. make up B. open up C. agree with D. deal with
26. A. forced B. guided C. carried D. driven
27. A. repeated B. twisted C. admired D. criticized
28. A. warm B. clean C. fresh D. wet
29. A. Memories B. Thoughts C. Opinions D. Attitudes
30. A. recognize B. astonish C. inspire D. discourage
31. A. confidence B. concern C. experience D. determination
32. A. eventually B. unluckily C. unwillingly D. frequently
33. A. investigation B. contest C. discussion D. interview
34. A. funny B. easy C. effective D. valuable
35. A. work B. wander C. protest D. study
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yin and yang, or yin-yang, is a complex relational concept in Chinese philosophy, ____36____ (date) back 3,000 years, to the 9th century B. C. Briefly put, the meaning of yin and yang is ____37____ the universe is governed by sets of two ____38____ (oppose) and interdependent principles or energies that can be observed in nature. Generally speaking, yin is characterized ____39____ an inward energy that is female, cold, dark, and negative, while yang is an outward energy that is male, hot, bright, and positive.
Yin and yang elements come in pairs — such as the moon and the sun, female and male, dark and bright, cold and hot, passive and active, and so on — ____40____ note that yin and yang form the unity of opposites, neither of which can exist independent of ____41____ other. They are interdependent and ____42____ (constant); transforming into each other. If yin is getting ____43____ (strong), yang will be weaker, and vice versa. In other words, yin elements can contain certain parts of yang, and yang can have some parts of yin. This balance of yin and yang is believed ____44____ (exist) in everything.
The idea _____45_____ (influence) Chinese philosophers for thousands of years, including Lao Tzu and Confucius. It underlies Asian martial arts, medicine, science, literature, politics, daily behavior and beliefs.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 学校英文报正在征文，要求描述一次在实践中学习的难忘经历，如理科在实验室上课、文科在运用中学习等。请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
(1)学习过程；
(2)你的感想。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80个左右；
(2)请在答题纸相应位置作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
To this day, I don’t know why Rosalie was so mean to me. She never missed an opportunity to laugh at me, or even threaten me. I would hear her jeering (嘲讽的) words when I walked out to catch the bus home. I could feel the heat of her stare when I bent in my seat in the cafeteria and avoided looking anywhere near her direction. I was somewhat terrified of her.
I knew I had to take action, but how I was one of those quiet, timid (胆小的) seventh graders who talked non-stop at home but wouldn’t say two words at school. How could I break the ice
My family lived in a small town of about three thousand people, and it seemed that my dad knew every single one of them. What was even more astonishing was that everyone seemed to know him. One day, I asked my mom how this was possible. She thought for a while and then said, “Well, Jenn, your dad never lets anyone stay a stranger. He talks to everyone he sees, and then he gives them that big smile of his. I guess it’s infectious because people just love him.”
Mother’s words set me thinking. I could smile. I mean, everyone could do that, right I decided to try it out. I would take my experiment straight to Rosalie.
The next morning, I didn’t hear a single word my math teacher said in the fourth period because I was too busy thinking about what I was about to do. Finally, the bell rang. I gathered my books, slipped them into the locker and headed to the cafeteria. My heart was pounding in my chest, and my hands were sweaty. I ran my tongue over my teeth that felt dryer than the Mojave Desert. Then I did a practice smile that I was sure looked more like a grimace (苦相). I took a deep breath and struggled to my feet to keep moving forward.
注意：
(1)续写词数应为150个左右；
(2)所给开头两段如下：
Para 1: I saw Rosalie in the distance coming toward me, looking as mean as ever.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para 2: The third day, unlike the first two times, she gave me a little half-smile.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
2024年11月
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
1题】
细节理解题。根据What is included in a TED Membership 部分中“Live TED Speaker conversations with opportunities to ask questions (现场TED演讲者对话，并有机会提问)”可知，作为TED会员，你能享受到与TED演讲者交谈的机会。故选A。
【2题】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The membership will start on the day it is purchased. (会员资格从购买之日起生效。)”可知，只要你付一些钱，就可以获得TED会员资格。故选B。
【3题】
细节理解题。根据Do memberships expire (失效) 部分中“No. All memberships are paid on a recurring basis. If you bought an annual membership, it will automatically renew each year from the date you purchased it. If you bought a monthly membership, it will automatically renew each month. (不。所有的会员都是定期支付的。如果你购买了年度会员，它会从你购买之日起每年自动更新。如果你买的是月费会员，它会自动每月更新。)”可知，TED会员除非取消订阅，否则将自行续约。故选D。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B
4题】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Mats Malm, the permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, said at a news conference in Stockholm that Han was receiving the honor “for her intense poetic writing that bravely discusses historical events and exposes the fragility of human life.” (组织该奖项的瑞典文学院常任秘书马茨·马尔姆在斯德哥尔摩的新闻发布会上说，韩江获奖“是因为她激烈的诗歌写作，勇敢地讨论历史事件，暴露了人类生活的脆弱”。)”和倒数第二段中“When I write novels, I find myself always returning to the theme of what it means to be human. (当我写小说时，我发现自己总是回到作为人类意味着什么的主题上。)”可知，韩江的小说主题聚焦于人性。故选C。
【5题】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In a 2016 interview with The Times, Han said her childhood experience “was too much for a little child, but I was all right because I was surrounded by books.” (在2016年接受《纽约时报》采访时，韩女士表示，她的童年经历“对一个小孩子来说太多了，但我还好，因为我被书包围了。”)”可知，书籍成为了她童年时期的慰藉。故选D。
【6题】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“The event shaped her views on humanity’s capacity for violence, Han said in the 2016 interview. She also recalled seeing images of people who lined up to donate their blood to those who were injured in the uprising. (她在2016年的采访中说，这件事塑造了她对人类暴力能力的看法。她还回忆起看到人们排队为在起义中受伤的人献血的画面。)”可知，提到光州起义是为了展示这一事件对韩江写作的影响。故选B。
【7题】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“In the 2016 interview, Han said it was around that time that she developed the idea for a short story about a woman who becomes a plant, which she eventually developed into “The Vegetarian.” (在2016年的采访中，韩江说，大约在那个时候，她萌生了写一个关于一个女人变成一株植物的短篇故事的想法，她最终把这个故事写成了《素食者》。)”可知，《素食者》主要是关于一个变成植物的女人的故事。故选B。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A
【8题】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“British and American English have mutually (相互的) influenced each other for centuries, but the reactions to these linguistic (语言的) exchanges are different on both sides of the Atlantic. (几个世纪以来，英国英语和美国英语相互影响，但大西洋两岸对这些语言交流的反应却不同。)”可知，文章主要讲述了英国英语和美国英语之间的相互影响。故选C。
【9题】
词句猜测题。由第二段中“The rise of the Internet has only expedited this exchange, with British phrases now appearing regularly in American media. (互联网的兴起只是expedited这种交流，英国短语现在经常出现在美国媒体上。)”可知，英国短语现在经常出现在美国媒体中，互联网的兴起只是加速了这种交流。所以expedited在此处的意思是“加速了”。A. Speeded up加快速度；B. Accepted接受；C. Brought back带回来；D. Challenged受到挑战。故选A。
【10题】
推理判断题。由第三段“Despite the frequent adoption of Britishisms by Americans, the opposite exchange-Brits accepting Americanisms-receives far more criticism. British commentators, like Simon Heffer, describe the spread of American slang as a “linguistic pollution,” criticizing its influence on British English. Shows like Friends are often blamed for the rise of American phrases in British speech, like “Can I get... ” in coffee shops. While British terms are often seen as attractive in the U. S., Americanisms tend to be perceived negatively in Britain, with lists highlighting things “Americans say wrong.” (尽管美国人经常采用英式英语，但相反的交流——英国人接受美式英语——却受到了更多的批评。西蒙·赫弗等英国评论家将美国俚语的传播描述为“语言污染”，批评它对英式英语的影响。像《老友记》这样的美剧常常被认为是英式语言中出现美式短语的罪魁祸首，比如“Can I get…？”在咖啡店里。虽然英式词汇在美国通常被认为很有吸引力，但美式词汇在英国往往被认为是负面的，其中列出了“美国人说错的地方”。)”可知，虽然英国词汇在美国通常被视为有吸引力，但美国词汇在英国往往被负面看待，有列表会强调“美国人说错的话”，比如咖啡店中的“Can I get… ”。因此，在英国人眼中，“Can I get… ”被视为粗俗的。故选D。
【11题】
推理判断题。由最后一段中“In the end, this linguistic exchange reveals broader cultural dynamics. (最后，这种语言交流揭示了更广泛的文化动态。)”和“Both countries continue to shape each other’s language, whether through media, travel, or digital communication, reflecting a complex relationship between the two nations’ linguistic identities. (无论是通过媒体、旅游还是数字通信，两国都在继续塑造彼此的语言，这反映了两国语言身份之间的复杂关系。)”可知，语言交流揭示了更广泛的文化动态，作者同意语言和文化是相互联系的这一观点。故选A。
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D
【12题】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“A newly published study finds there are important distinctions in how men and women experience pain. (一项新发表的研究发现，男性和女性在感受疼痛方面存在重要差异。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于男女疼痛处理机制差异的研究，揭示了性别在慢性疼痛治疗中的不同需求。因此，最适合这篇文章的标题是“New Research Confirms Men and Women Process Pain Differently (新研究证实男性和女性处理疼痛的方式不同)”。故选C。
【13题】
细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Participants experienced a meditation training program and practiced meditation while receiving either some naloxone, a drug that stops opioids (类罂粟碱) from working, or a placebo (无效的替代品) of naloxone. (参与者在接受纳洛酮（一种阻止阿片类药物起作用的药物）或纳洛酮安慰剂的同时，经历了冥想训练项目和冥想练习。)”可知，所有参与研究的人都经历了冥想训练。故选A。
【14题】
细节理解题。由文章第五段“Blocking the opioid system with naloxone inhibited (抑制) meditation-based pain relief in men, suggesting that men rely on opioids to reduce pain. (用纳洛酮阻断阿片类系统抑制男性以冥想为基础的疼痛缓解，表明男性依赖阿片类药物来减轻疼痛。)”可知，男性使用身体的内部阿片类物质来缓解疼痛。故选C。
【15题】
主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中“Chronic pain treatment has traditionally followed a relatively standardized approach, but if men and women use different biological pathways for pain relief, it makes sense they might require more sex-specific approaches to treatment. (慢性疼痛的治疗传统上遵循相对标准化的方法，但如果男性和女性使用不同的生物途径来缓解疼痛，那么他们可能需要更多针对性别的治疗方法。)”可知，最后一段讨论了这项研究的意义，即如果男性和女性使用不同的生物途径来缓解疼痛，那么他们可能需要更多针对性别的治疗方法。因此，最后一段谈论的是这项研究的意义或启示。故选D。
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. D
【16题】
根据上文“Have you ever wished there were a magic method to make learning easier and more efficient (你是否曾希望有一种神奇的方法能让学习变得更轻松高效？)”和下文“Named after a Nobel winner in physics known for simplifying complex ideas, this method can help you unlock your potential and gain a deep understanding of various topics. (以诺贝尔物理学奖得主的名字命名，以简化复杂的思想而闻名，这种方法可以帮助你释放你的潜力，并深入了解各种主题。)”可知，上文提出了一个问题，即是否曾希望有一种神奇的方法能让学习变得更轻松高效，下文介绍了让学习变得更轻松高效的费曼技巧，这是一种有效的方法。因此，空处应该引出费曼技巧。B选项“Look no further than the Feynman Technique. (不妨看看费曼技巧)”直接引出了费曼技巧，能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。
【17题】
根据上文“Step 1: Start by getting a blank sheet of paper. Write down everything you already know about a topic. This serves as your initial knowledge base. As you dive deeper into the topic, continue to add new information and insights to your sheet. Be patient during this process. (第一步：先找一张白纸。写下你已经知道的关于一个话题的一切。这将作为您的初始知识库。随着你对主题的深入了解，继续向你的表格中添加新的信息和见解。在这个过程中要有耐心。)”可知，上文提到开始学习一个主题时，要耐心地写下已知信息和新学到的信息。因此，空处应该强调在这个过程中的耐心态度。C选项“Learning is not a race, but a journey of discovery. (学习不是比赛，而是一场探索之旅)”强调了学习是一个需要耐心的过程，能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
【18题】
根据上文“Step 2: Explain your topic in a way that a 12-year-old child could understand. (第二步：用一个12岁的孩子都能理解的方式来解释你的主题。)”和下文“Begin by simplifying your notes. It’s easy to complicate a subject. However, the true challenge, and the true demonstration of understanding, is in simplification. Only someone who truly comprehends a subject can break it down into its simplest terms, making it accessible to people of all ages. (从简化你的笔记开始。把一个问题复杂化是很容易的。然而，真正的挑战和理解的真正体现是简化。只有真正理解一门学科的人才能把它分解成最简单的术语，让所有年龄段的人都能理解。)”可知，上文提到了第二步是像向12岁孩子解释一样简化主题。下文接着说简化笔记，说明解释过程的挑战性。因此，空处应该说明解释过程对于检验理解的重要性。A选项“This is an effective test of your understanding. (这是对你理解的有效测试)”强调了解释对于检验理解的重要性，能承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
【19题】
根据上文“Step 3: Write down your explanations. It is a powerful tool in the learning process. This activity facilitates reflection, through which we identify areas where further learning is needed. The learning process is iterative (迭代的). Never hesitate to go back to the source materials, especially the parts you don’t fully grasp yet. (第三步：写下你的解释。它是学习过程中一个强大的工具。这项活动有助于反思，通过反思，我们可以确定需要进一步学习的领域。学习过程是迭代的。毫不犹豫地回到原始材料，特别是你还没有完全掌握的部分。)”和下文“Repeat this process until your explanations are simple and clear. (重复这个过程，直到你的解释简单明了。)”可知，上文提到如果在某些部分理解不够充分，不要犹豫回到原始材料中去。下文要求重复这个过程直到解释变得简单明了。因此，空处应该是建议回顾并改进理解。F选项“Review these parts, reflect on them, and improve your understanding. (回顾这些部分，反思它们，并提高你的理解)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
【20题】
根据上文“Step 4: Save the page where you have documented simplified explanations. This is an important step, as this document will serve as a valuable reference in the future. By applying this technique to all new concepts you learn, you will gradually build up a comprehensive folder (文件夹) of knowledge. (步骤4：保存已记录简化解释的页面。这是重要的一步，因为这份文件将在今后提供有价值的参考。通过将这种方法应用到你学习的所有新概念中，你将逐渐建立一个全面的知识文件夹。)”和下文“This way, not only will you be strengthening what you have learned, but you will also have the chance to improve your understanding over time. (这样，你不仅可以巩固你所学的知识，而且随着时间的推移，你也有机会提高你的理解能力。)”可知，上文提到保存记录简化解释的页面作为未来的参考。下文则强调了定期复习这些资料的重要性。因此，空处应该是建议养成定期复习的习惯。D选项“Make it a habit to review this folder a few times a year. (养成每年复习几次这个文件夹的习惯)”能承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A
【21题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这是生活！A. faith信仰；B. culture文化；C. life生活；D. time时间。根据前文“I was dismissed from a high-tech company.”和后文“I had to find a new job.”可知，主人公被解雇了，这是生活的一部分，他必须面对并寻找新工作。故选C。
【22题】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我做了惯常的投递简历，但失败了。A. average平均的；B. usual通常的，惯常的，常规的；C. equal平等的；D. strange奇怪的。根据后文“resume (简历) thing, but failed. Again and again.”可知，主人公做了常规的简历投递，但并未成功找到工作。故选B。
【23题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府将支付失业人员去护理学校的费用。A. headmaster校长；B. nurse护士；C. company公司；D. government政府。根据前文“a government retraining program”可知，这是一个由政府提供的再就业培训项目，所以政府将支付失业人员去护理学校的费用。故选D。
【24题】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：他负责此事。A. in charge负责；B. in trouble处于困境；C. on guard警惕；D. on business出差。根据前文“The 3 will pay for the jobless to go to a nursing school. If you’re interested, go see Mr. Hill”可知，Hill先生是这个政项目的负责人。故选A。
【25题】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我必须忘记过去，打开心扉。A. make up编造；B. open up打开；C. agree with同意；D. deal with处理。根据前文“I must forget about the past”可知，主人公需要放下过去，以开放的心态面对未来。故选B。
【26题】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我找到了希尔先生的办公室，但当他告诉我第一个人说的话后，我被带到了咨询办公室。A. forced强迫；B. guided引导；C. carried携带；D. driven驾驶。根据后文“to the counseling office”可知，主人公被引导到了咨询办公室。故选B。
【27题】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那里的家伙重复了希尔先生告诉我的话，并把我带到了另一个办公室，在那里我被告知同样的事情。A. repeated重复；B. twisted扭曲；C. admired钦佩；D. criticized批评。根据后文“what Mr. Hill had told me and took me to another office, where I was told the same thing”可知，咨询办公室的人重复了希尔先生的话。故选A。
【28题】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我需要呼吸一口新鲜空气，于是我走到外面，沐浴在温暖的阳光中。A. warm温暖的；B. clean干净的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. wet潮湿的。根据后文“so I stepped outside into the warm sunshine”可知，主人公想要呼吸新鲜空气，所以走到了外面。故选C。
【29题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的想法在脑海中闪过：不要放弃。不要让那些人使你气馁。A. Memories记忆；B. Thoughts想法；C. Opinions观点；D. Attitudes态度。根据后文“Do not give up. Don’t let those people 10 you”可知，这是主人公脑海中的想法。故选B。
【30题】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的想法在脑海中闪过：不要放弃。不要让那些人使你气馁。A. recognize识别；B. astonish惊讶；C. inspire鼓舞；D. discourage使气馁。根据前文“Do not give up”可知，主人公鼓励自己不要放弃，也不要让别人的话使自己气馁。故选D。
【31题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在商业世界的经验告诉我，要去找上面的人。A. confidence信心；B. concern关心；C. experience经验；D. determination决心。根据后文“told me to go to the person at the top”可知，这是主人公根据自己的经验得出的结论。故选C。
【32题】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我找到了护理办公室，并最终被带到了护理学校的负责人那里。A. eventually最终；B. unluckily不幸地；C. unwillingly不情愿地；D. frequently频繁地。根据后文“was led to the head of the nursing school”可知，主人公最终见到了护理学校的负责人。故选A。
【33题】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：面试谈话进行了15分钟后，她说：“明天早上9点准时到这里来！”A. investigation调查；B. contest比赛；C. discussion讨论；D. interview面试。根据前文提到的主人公正在寻找工作，以及后文“she said, “Be here tomorrow morning, 9:00 sharp!””可知，这里指的是面试的过程。故选D。
【34题】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全职上大学两年没有收入并不容易。A. funny有趣的；B. easy容易的；C. effective有效的；D. valuable有价值的。根据前文“Attending college full-time for two years with no income wasn’t”可知，主人公虽然完成了学业，但过程并不容易。故选B。
【35题】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我以学位毕业并获得了一份几乎可以在世界任何地方工作的职业。A. work工作；B. wander徘徊；C. protest抗议；D. study学习。根据前文“I graduated with a degree and acquired a (n) career”和后文“almost anywhere in the world”可知，主人公获得了几乎可以在世界任何地方工作的职业。故选A。
【答案】36. dating
37. that 38. opposing
39. as 40. but
41. the 42. constantly
43. stronger
44. to exist
45. has influenced##has been influencing
【36题】
考查非谓语动词。句意：阴阳是中国哲学中一个复杂的关系概念，可以追溯到公元前3000年前的9世纪。 is是谓语动词，设空处为非谓语动词，此处date与philosophy构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填dating。
【37题】
考查表语从句。句意：简单地说，阴阳的意思是宇宙是由两套对立的、相互依存的原则或能量所支配的，这些原则或能量可以在自然界中观察到。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。
【38题】
考查形容词。句意：简单地说，阴阳的意思是宇宙是由两套对立的、相互依存的原则或能量所支配的，这些原则或能量可以在自然界中观察到。修饰名词principles应用形容词opposing“对立的”，作定语。故填opposing。
【39题】
考查介词。句意：一般来说，阴被认为是一种内向的能量，是女性的、寒冷的、黑暗的和消极的，而阳是一种外向的能量，是男性的、热的、明亮的和积极的。短语be characterized as表示“被描述为，具有……的特征”。故填as。
【40题】
考查连词。句意：阴阳元素是成对出现的，比如月亮和太阳，女性和男性，黑暗和明亮，寒冷和炎热，被动和主动，等等，但要注意，阴和阳是对立统一的，两者都不能独立存在。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
【41题】
考查冠词。句意：阴阳元素是成对出现的，比如月亮和太阳，女性和男性，黑暗和明亮，寒冷和炎热，被动和主动，等等，但要注意，阴和阳是对立统一的，两者都不能独立存在。短语the other表示“另一个”。故填the。
【42题】
考查副词。句意：它们相互依存，不断相互转化。修饰动词transforming应用副词constantly，作状语。故填constantly。
【43题】
考查比较级。句意：阴越强，阳越弱，反之亦然。根据后文yang will be weaker可知为比较级。故填stronger。
【44题】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种阴阳平衡被认为存在于一切事物中。短语be believed to do sth.表示“被认为……”，设空处填不定式。故填to exist。
【45题】
考查时态。句意：几千年来，这一思想一直影响着包括老子和孔子在内的中国哲学家。根据后文for thousands of years可知可用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在产生影响；或用现在完成进行时，表示动作持续不间断发生，主语为idea，助动词用has。故填has influenced/has been influencing。
【答案】
The most impressive English lesson
Of all the English classes I’ve attended, one given by Ms. Liu impressed me most. It was O. Henry’s novel “after twenty years”. Instead of lecturing us, Ms. Liu set us a task to write our own story using O. Henry’s language and style. To finish it, we were encouraged to read for ourselves, discuss with partners and occasionally consult her. In the end, we all created wonderful stories.
I really gained a lot from the special class. By using English, we actually learned it well. Most importantly, we students were the master of learning process, which actually not only added colours to our otherwise dull class, but also boosted our confidence in English learning.
【答案】
I saw Rosalie in the distance coming toward me, looking as mean as ever. For the first time in my life, I made eye contact with her. I actually managed to force a smile through my chattering teeth. Rosalie looked shocked. Then she frowned. I hurried past, sure that she was going to laugh at my back. The next day, I tried again. This time, my teeth weren’t chattering so badly and my smile came out in a more natural way. Rosalie was no longer surprised but her frown remained.
The third day, unlike the first two times, she even gave me a little half-smile. Half it was, but the ice was starting to melt. All of a sudden, I found myself not a timid girl any more. Over the next few weeks, I continued my trial. Rosalie gradually got used and started smiling back. One day, she came over and asked to sit beside me. We became friends! All because I had the courage to smile my way out. From that day on, I gave many strangers big smile of mine, just like my father’s!
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