Unit 5 Educational exchanges
单词和短语 词性 汉语意思
educational adj. 有关教育的;有教育意义的
exchange n. 交流;互访
culture n. 文化
host n. 主人
local adj. 地方的;当地的
British adj. 英国的
glad adj. 高兴;愉快
guest n. 客人;宾客
chopstick n. 筷子
weekday n. 工作日(星期一至星期五的某一天)
tour v. 在…旅游
fantastic adj. 极好的;了不起的
experience n. (一次)经历，体验
already adv. 已经;早已
introduce v. 使……初次了解；使尝试
success n. 成功
yet adv. 尚未;仍未
respect v. 慎重对待;尊重
host family phr. 寄宿家庭
at first phr. 起初;起先
so far phr. 到目前为止;迄今为止
a bit of phr. 小量
introduce phr. 使………初次了解…;使尝试
come over (to.) phr. (通常远距离地)从....到....
on weekdays phr. 在工作日
local culture phr. 当地文化
worry about phr. 担心
be friendly to phr. 对…友好
apply for phr. 申请
head teacher phr. 校长
__________ v. 教育 — __________ n. 教育家 _________ n. 教育— educational adj. 教育的
educate sb. ____________(do) sth.
-- educate educator education to do
culture n. — ____________ adj. _______________文化冲击 _______________文化交流
-- cultural culture shock Cultural exchange
host n. 主人，（男）主持人 ___________ n. 女主人，女主持人 ____________ 空姐
拓展： waiter — waitress actor — actress -- hostess air hostess
British adj. — ______________ n.英国 --Britain
____________ chopsticks 一双筷子 --a pair of
__________ weekdays在工作日 _________ (the) weekends 在周末 --on at
tour v. / n. 旅游 ___________ n. 游客= _________ =__________ -- tourist visitor traveller
tour Beijing = __________ Beijing = __________Beijing -- visit travel to
experience vt.经历；体验 u.n. 经验 c.n. 经历an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历
Tom is a green hand. That is, he has no experience.
My home town has experienced great changes in the last twenty years.
introduce [ ntr dju:s] v. 介绍 _______ [ ntr d k n] n. 短语：自我介绍__________________
--introduction make a self-introduction
success [s k ses] n. a great _______ 伟大的成功 ____________ adj. — ___________ adv.
Failure is the mother of ___________.失败乃成功之母。
-- success successful successfully success
succeed [s k si d] v. ~ in___________(do) sth. = manage to do设法完成 -- doing
respect v. 同 admire respect sb. / sth. _________ ...
I should respect my mother _________ her hard work. -- for for
at first = _____________ at last = ______________ = finally --in the beginning in the end
a bit of + u.n. = a little + u.n. a bit + adj. = a little + adj.
a bit of water = a little water a bit nervous = a little nervous
exchange v. / n. ____________________ n. 文化交流 exchange sth. ________ sb.
-- Cultural exchange with
glad adj. = ____________ / _____________ -- happy cheerful
Be my guest. 请便，随便
fantastic adj. = _______________ = ________________ --wonderful excellent
apply ________ 申请 -- for
keep _________(do) sth. 一直做某事 -- doing
can’t wait _________(do) sth. 等不及；迫不及待 -- to do
巩固练习
一、根据要求写出相应的单词
1. educational(名词) ___________ 2. culture(形容词) ____________ 3. success(动词) ____________
4. introduce(名词) ____________ 5. Britain(形容词) ____________ 6. paint (名词) ____________
7. try(现在分词) ____________ 8. chopstick (复数) ____________ 9. real(副词) ____________
10. plan(过去式) ____________
二、用括号内所给的提示词,完成句子
16. My parents have ____________ (已经) told me the news.
17. The trip was ____________ (极好的). I will never forget it.
18. The little boy has not finished his homework ____________(尚未), so he cannot go out to play.
19. His ____________ (成功) was due to his hard work.
20. In the art museum, I learnt a lot about Chinese ____________ (画画).
21. I’m glad ____________ (hear) from you soon.
22. I plan ____________ (go) hiking with Tom this weekend.
23. The police need to go to work on ___________ (weekend). They protect people's safety and wealth.
24. It was dark, but she kept ____________ (work) in her office.
25. This film is very interesting and ____________ (education).
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. culture
1) More and more people are interested in ancient Chinese ____________.
2) It is of first importance to spread ____________ and scientific knowledge among the people.
3) In recent years ____________ contracts (交往) are more often between Europe and China.
2. host
1) As an exchange student, he lived in a ____________ family.
2) When we arrived at the house. The ____________ went out to welcome us warmly.
3) “I will be your ____________ this evening.” Mary smiled and said.
3. tour
1) We ____________ the streets in Nanjing.
2) This is the end of a ____________, so we will be back to China tomorrow.
3) A ____________ was missing in the rainforest.
4) A ________ is a person who is visiting a place for pleasure and interest, especially when they are on holiday.
4. success
1) This plan was a great ____________. 2) Failure is the mother of ____________.
3) He ____________ in swimming across the river. 4) He is a ____________ writer.
5) The big bridge has been ________ completed.
6) The end result is very good and very ____________.
5. plan
1) The three leaders had worked out a peace ____________.
2) We are ____________a new kitchen.
3) He ____________ to leave Guangzhou on Monday.
6. educational
1) Our ____________ exchange is fantastic.
2) I think we need to improve our ____________ system in general.
3) More money should be spent on ____________ and housing.
4) He is a writer and ____________.
7. British
1) They played football with ____________ friends. 2) I was not in ____________ at the time.
一、1. education 2.cultural 3.succeed 4.introduction5.British 6.painting 7.trying8. chopsticks9.really 10. planned
三、16. already17. fantastic18. yet19.success20.paintings 21.to hear 22. to go 23. weekends24. working25. educational
四、1. culture; cultural; cultural2. host; host; hostess3. toured; tour; tourist; tourist4. success; success; succeeded; successful; successfully; successful5. plan; planning; planned6. educational; educational; education; educator7. British; Britain
语法专项——现在完成时
（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式
I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…
You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…
He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…
否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定）
Have I not (Haven’t I) studied… Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied… Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied… Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
（2）用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
1）since和for的区别
since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
答案：1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. for since
2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：
Where has he been 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.
3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
4）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes.
答案： has been dead been away
常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
Ⅰ. be 型
1. go there -- be there 2.come here—be here
3.come back—be back 4.die—be dead
5.leave—be away(from) 6.open—be open
7.close—be closed 8.go/get out—be out
9.finish/end-- be over 10.become—be
11.get up—be up 12.begin/start(上演)—be on
13. fall asleep-- be asleep 14.fall ill – be ill
15. move here/there --be here/there 16. get to… -- be at/in
17.arrive at / in… -- be at / in 18.reach…-- be at/in
19.get married -- be married 20.join—be in/be a member of
join the Party-- be in the Party / be a Party member/ be a member of the Party
Ⅱ. 实义动词 型
1.borrow-- keep 2. buy——have
3.Begin to teach—teach 4. get to know—know
5.Put on—wear 6. receive--have
7.catch a cold—have a cold 8.hear from—have a letter from
巩固练习
单项选择
1．I ________ great progress since I started middle school.
A．have made B．will make C．make D．made
2．Zhang Guimei ________ as a teacher in Yunnan Province since 1990.
A．works B．has worked C．is working D．will work
3．—Does Jack know the change of the meeting time —Yes. I ________ him about it.
A．will tell B．was telling C．tell D．have told
4．—I heard you lost your book. ________ you ________ it —Not yet.
A．Did; find B．Have; found C．Do; find D．Have; find
5．I ________ in Xuzhou since I was born. I love Xuzhou!
A．am living B．will live C．was living D．have lived
6．—Do you miss your father, Jack —Yes. I ________ him for three months.
A．haven’t seen B．don’t see C．saw D．have seen
7．Being an excellent magician is not an easy job even when you ________ over and over again.
A．will practice B．have practiced C．are practicing D．were practicing
8．—Look! Someone ________ the lights. —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A．turns off B．is turning off C．will turn off D．has turned off
9．I have studied in this school _________ two years ago. I really love it.
A．since B．for C．after D．before
10．I __________. I’m not afraid of being alone at home anymore.
A．grew up B．grow up C．have grown up D．am growing up
11．—Look! The light is still on in teachers’ office.—Maybe Mr. Wang ________ his work yet.
A．doesn’t finish B．won’t finish C．didn’t finish D．hasn’t finished
12．I ________ the book Tom Sawyer yet, but I’ll let you read it first.
A．don’t read B．won’t read C．haven’t read D．didn’t read
13．Sandy bought a story book yesterday and she _______ it already.
A．read B．reads C．is reading D．has read
14．—The film is very popular. ________ you ________ it yet —No, I haven’t.
A．Are; watching B．Were; watching C．Will; watch D．Have; watched
15．My friend Lucy is helpful and she ________ me a lot in the past three years.
A．helps B．will help C．has helped D．is helping
1．A2．B3．D4．B5．D6．A7．B8．D9．A10．C11．D12．C13．D14．D 15．C
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
51．So far scientists haven’t ________ (discover) life on Mars.
52．The shopkeeper ____ (sell) about five hundred CDs till now.
53．I feel very worried. My penfriend ________ (not reply) to me since July.
54．Mrs Green ________ (teach) English in a secondary school for many years.
55．Ten years has passed since my sister ________ (join) the charity.
56．Have you ________ (donate) money to the people who lost their homes
57．Her family are very worried about her because they ___________ (not receive) letters from her for months.
58．The little boy looks so sad these days. What ________ (happen) to him
59．It’s known to all that our lives ________ (change) a lot in the past twenty years.
60．They ________ (not see) the film yet. They are going to see it this evening.
51．discovered 52．has sold53．hasn’t replied54．has taught55．joined56．donated57．haven’t received58．has happened59．have changed60．haven’t seen / have not seen
语法填空。
Getting through the darkest days
A “dark moment” refers to the most difficult time in your life. Have you experienced any dark moments before How did you get through it
Liu Yifei, 14, Shaanxi
When I got to Grade Seven, I was sad to know that all of my classmates had studied everything before the class started. During class, everyone knew the answers ____66____ our teacher’s questions but I did not.
____67____ I studied hard, I couldn’t get good grades. I came last in the ____68____ (one) test. To catch up with my classmates, I looked for ways of learning online. For example, for history, drawing the timeline (时间线) on paper helped me a lot. What’s more, for English, I ____69____ (try) keeping English diaries. My grades then got a lot better. I’m very happy for ____70____ (I).
Lai Yijiang, 14, Sichuan
When I was in the sixth grade, I moved to ____71____ new city. At that time, I felt bad every day and I began to ____72____ (like) going to school. My classmates all knew each other and had their small groups. I had no friends and lost interest in everything. ____73____ (slow), I wasn’t serious about my study. My grades also became the ____74____ (bad) in the class. Those were my darkest days. Later, I made a friend. A ____75____ (say) goes that a true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. He made me open up, and I started to talk to more people. Also, I came to get used to the weather in this city. Step by step, I got better and better.
【答案】66. to 67. Although / Though 68. first 69. tried 70. myself 71. a 72. dislike 73. Slowly 74. worst 75. saying
阅读理解
C
Touching China is a TV program on CCTV played once a year. It first appeared in2003. Ten role models were praised in the program for their moving stories and great achievements for our society.
Wu Yuren, a 74-year-old physics teacher from Tongji University in China, was among them. She won the award for her efforts to share knowledge through short videos. By the end of 2023, Wu’s popular physics experiment videos had caught over 5.2 million fans’ attention.
In her short videos, she often wears a coat with several pockets and takes magical “toys”. She uses them as teaching tools. She is able to make use of these everyday objects to explain physical questions in a simple way.
“I made these videos to make young people curious about common life. And I hope they can use everyday tools to experience the fun of discovering the truth of science,” Wu said.
Wu has been spreading physics knowledge actively for 16 years. She said children’s interest in doing experiments made her keep making videos. To guide students to put interest into experimental research, Wu is going to put up online courses as well as short videos.
According to CCTV, her videos are like “classrooms without walls”. The words of the Touching China Award said, “The popularity created by gray-haired people has created real energy.”
41. How long has the program Touching China lasted for
A. For less than ten years. B. For about ten years.
C. For over twenty years. D. For over thirty years.
42. What made Wu Yuren win the award in Touching China
A. Her hard-working spirit. B. Her videos of the common life.
C. Her popular physics experiments. D. Her efforts to share knowledge online.
43. Why does Wu Yuren make use of everyday objects in the videos
A. To make people curious about daily life.
B. To experience the fun of learning science.
C. To explain physical questions in a simple way.
D. To guide students to put interest into experiments.
44. Which words can best describe Wu Yuren
A. Knowledgeable and creative. B. Cheerful and brave.
C. Friendly and humorous. D. Calm and serious
45. The purpose of this passage is to________
A. introduce classrooms without walls B. describe popular short videos
C. tell a moving story behind the award D. praise interesting physics lessons.
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. C
补全语篇 以下是一篇短文，请阅读全文，并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中， 使原文的意思完整、连贯。
The undersea world is very beautiful. Now more and more people want to dive (潜水) in the water to find the secret there. Scuba diving is a new sport today. ____46____
You will find many strange animals in the sea. ____47____ Some give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth.
During the day, there is enough light. Here, under the sea, everything is blue and green. When fishes swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands. When you have bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. ____48____ And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water.
The deep sea is not an easy place to live in. It’s cold. And it’s dark too. ____49____ At about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is very dark in the sea. Many fishes have no eyes. Some have big eyes. A few have eyes on one side. Beside the cold and the darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger—other animals. Animals eat! They must find food to eat. Many animals eat plants. ____50____ This means these sea animals have two big jobs. They need to find animals as food, and they have to try not to become other animals’ meal.
A. Some are as large as a school bus.
B. However, you can’t dive too deep.
C. However, some animals eat meat.
D. It can take you into a wonderful undersea world.
E. The deeper it is, the less sunlight there is.
F. The water is very warm and comfortable for swimming.
【答案】46. D 47. A 48. B 49. E 50. C
信息匹配。下面的材料A—F是一些建议，请根据下面五位年轻人在筹备自己的生日派对时遇到的问题，帮他们选择合适的建议。
___51___. Judy plans to have her birthday party next week. However, she doesn’t know how to invite her friends to the party. She needs help.___52___. Paul invited about fifteen friends to come to his birthday party. He wants to make his friends enjoy themselves by eating something delicious, but he doesn’t know what he should prepare.___53___. Rita wants to make her birthday party interesting and exciting. She wants to play some games with her friends at the party. But she doesn’t know what games are the most interesting for them.___54___. Mike wants to do something to thank his parents and friends at his birthday party, but he doesn’t know what to do.___55___. Sally will invite her friends to her birthday party. But she doesn’t know how to clean the house after the party. A. A simple “thank you” will be great, and you can sing a song for your parents and friends. I believe they will be happy when they see what you do.B. Card games, hide-and-seek and musical chairs are interesting and popular with many people. You can play any of these games with your friends. Also, you can prepare a prize for the winner.C. It’s a good idea to ask some of your friends to help you clean the house. Don’t always ask your parents to do that for you. After all, that is your own work.D. Why not buy some snacks and drinks You can also ask your mother to cook for you if she cooks very well. I believe your friends will love them and enjoy themselves.E. You can invite all of your friends to come to your party. The more friends you invite, the more interesting your party will be.F. There are many ways to do it. You can leave messages, call them or write to them. Don’t forget to tell them when and where you will have the party.
【答案】51. F 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. CUnit 5 Educational exchanges
单词和短语 词性 汉语意思
educational adj. 有关教育的;有教育意义的
exchange n. 交流;互访
culture n. 文化
host n. 主人
local adj. 地方的;当地的
British adj. 英国的
glad adj. 高兴;愉快
guest n. 客人;宾客
chopstick n. 筷子
weekday n. 工作日(星期一至星期五的某一天)
tour v. 在…旅游
fantastic adj. 极好的;了不起的
experience n. (一次)经历，体验
already adv. 已经;早已
introduce v. 使……初次了解；使尝试
success n. 成功
yet adv. 尚未;仍未
respect v. 慎重对待;尊重
host family phr. 寄宿家庭
at first phr. 起初;起先
so far phr. 到目前为止;迄今为止
a bit of phr. 小量
introduce phr. 使………初次了解…;使尝试
come over (to.) phr. (通常远距离地)从....到....
on weekdays phr. 在工作日
local culture phr. 当地文化
worry about phr. 担心
be friendly to phr. 对…友好
apply for phr. 申请
head teacher phr. 校长
__________ v. 教育 — __________ n. 教育家 _________ n. 教育— educational adj. 教育的
educate sb. ____________(do) sth.
culture n. — ____________ adj. _______________文化冲击 _______________文化交流
host n. 主人，（男）主持人 ___________ n. 女主人，女主持人 ____________ 空姐
拓展： waiter — waitress actor — actress
British adj. — ______________ n.英国
____________ chopsticks 一双筷子
__________ weekdays在工作日 _________ (the) weekends 在周末
tour v. / n. 旅游 ___________ n. 游客= _________ =__________
tour Beijing = __________ Beijing = __________Beijing
experience vt.经历；体验 u.n. 经验 c.n. 经历an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历
Tom is a green hand. That is, he has no experience.
My home town has experienced great changes in the last twenty years.
introduce [ ntr dju:s] v. 介绍 _______ [ ntr d k n] n. 短语：自我介绍__________________
success [s k ses] n. a great _______ 伟大的成功 ____________ adj. — ___________ adv.
Failure is the mother of ___________.失败乃成功之母。
succeed [s k si d] v. ~ in___________(do) sth. = manage to do设法完成
respect v. 同 admire respect sb. / sth. _________ ...
I should respect my mother _________ her hard work.
at first = _____________ at last = ______________ = finally
a bit of + u.n. = a little + u.n. a bit + adj. = a little + adj.
a bit of water = a little water a bit nervous = a little nervous
exchange v. / n. ____________________ n. 文化交流 exchange sth. ________ sb.
glad adj. = ____________ / _____________
Be my guest. 请便，随便
fantastic adj. = _______________ = ________________
apply ________ 申请
keep _________(do) sth. 一直做某事
can’t wait _________(do) sth. 等不及；迫不及待
巩固练习
一、根据要求写出相应的单词
1. educational(名词) ___________ 2. culture(形容词) ____________ 3. success(动词) ____________
4. introduce(名词) ____________ 5. Britain(形容词) ____________ 6. paint (名词) ____________
7. try(现在分词) ____________ 8. chopstick (复数) ____________ 9. real(副词) ____________
10. plan(过去式) ____________
二、用括号内所给的提示词,完成句子
16. My parents have ____________ (已经) told me the news.
17. The trip was ____________ (极好的). I will never forget it.
18. The little boy has not finished his homework ____________(尚未), so he cannot go out to play.
19. His ____________ (成功) was due to his hard work.
20. In the art museum, I learnt a lot about Chinese ____________ (画画).
21. I’m glad ____________ (hear) from you soon.
22. I plan ____________ (go) hiking with Tom this weekend.
23. The police need to go to work on ___________ (weekend). They protect people's safety and wealth.
24. It was dark, but she kept ____________ (work) in her office.
25. This film is very interesting and ____________ (education).
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. culture
1) More and more people are interested in ancient Chinese ____________.
2) It is of first importance to spread ____________ and scientific knowledge among the people.
3) In recent years ____________ contracts (交往) are more often between Europe and China.
2. host
1) As an exchange student, he lived in a ____________ family.
2) When we arrived at the house. The ____________ went out to welcome us warmly.
3) “I will be your ____________ this evening.” Mary smiled and said.
3. tour
1) We ____________ the streets in Nanjing.
2) This is the end of a ____________, so we will be back to China tomorrow.
3) A ____________ was missing in the rainforest.
4) A ________ is a person who is visiting a place for pleasure and interest, especially when they are on holiday.
4. success
1) This plan was a great ____________. 2) Failure is the mother of ____________.
3) He ____________ in swimming across the river. 4) He is a ____________ writer.
5) The big bridge has been ________ completed.
6) The end result is very good and very ____________.
5. plan
1) The three leaders had worked out a peace ____________.
2) We are ____________a new kitchen.
3) He ____________ to leave Guangzhou on Monday.
6. educational
1) Our ____________ exchange is fantastic.
2) I think we need to improve our ____________ system in general.
3) More money should be spent on ____________ and housing.
4) He is a writer and ____________.
7. British
1) They played football with ____________ friends. 2) I was not in ____________ at the time.
语法专项——现在完成时
（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have.
现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：
否定式 疑问式
I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…
You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…
He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…
否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定）
Have I not (Haven’t I) studied… Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
Have you not (Haven’t you) studied… Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied… Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
（2）用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
1）since和for的区别
since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：
Where has he been 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.
3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。
4）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes.
常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
Ⅰ. be 型
go there -- be there 2.come here—be here 3.come back—be back
4.die—be dead 5.leave—be away(from) 6.open—be open
7.close—be closed 8.go/get out—be out 9.finish/end-- be over
10.become—be 11.get up—be up 12.begin/start(上演)—be on
13. fall asleep-- be asleep 14.fall ill – be ill 15. move here/there --be here/there
16. get to… -- be at/in 17.arrive at / in… -- be at / in 18.reach…-- be at/in
19.get married -- be married 20.join—be in/be a member of
21. join the Party-- be in the Party / be a Party member/ be a member of the Party
Ⅱ. 实义动词 型
borrow-- keep 2. buy——have 3.Begin to teach—teach
4. get to know—know 5.Put on—wear 6. receive--have
7.catch a cold—have a cold 8.hear from—have a letter from
巩固练习
单项选择
1．I ________ great progress since I started middle school.
A．have made B．will make C．make D．made
2．Zhang Guimei ________ as a teacher in Yunnan Province since 1990.
A．works B．has worked C．is working D．will work
3．—Does Jack know the change of the meeting time —Yes. I ________ him about it.
A．will tell B．was telling C．tell D．have told
4．—I heard you lost your book. ________ you ________ it —Not yet.
A．Did; find B．Have; found C．Do; find D．Have; find
5．I ________ in Xuzhou since I was born. I love Xuzhou!
A．am living B．will live C．was living D．have lived
6．—Do you miss your father, Jack —Yes. I ________ him for three months.
A．haven’t seen B．don’t see C．saw D．have seen
7．Being an excellent magician is not an easy job even when you ________ over and over again.
A．will practice B．have practiced C．are practicing D．were practicing
8．—Look! Someone ________ the lights. —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A．turns off B．is turning off C．will turn off D．has turned off
9．I have studied in this school _________ two years ago. I really love it.
A．since B．for C．after D．before
10．I __________. I’m not afraid of being alone at home anymore.
A．grew up B．grow up C．have grown up D．am growing up
11．—Look! The light is still on in teachers’ office.—Maybe Mr. Wang ________ his work yet.
A．doesn’t finish B．won’t finish C．didn’t finish D．hasn’t finished
12．I ________ the book Tom Sawyer yet, but I’ll let you read it first.
A．don’t read B．won’t read C．haven’t read D．didn’t read
13．Sandy bought a story book yesterday and she _______ it already.
A．read B．reads C．is reading D．has read
14．—The film is very popular. ________ you ________ it yet —No, I haven’t.
A．Are; watching B．Were; watching C．Will; watch D．Have; watched
15．My friend Lucy is helpful and she ________ me a lot in the past three years.
A．helps B．will help C．has helped D．is helping
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
51．So far scientists haven’t ________ (discover) life on Mars.
52．The shopkeeper ____ (sell) about five hundred CDs till now.
53．I feel very worried. My penfriend ________ (not reply) to me since July.
54．Mrs Green ________ (teach) English in a secondary school for many years.
55．Ten years has passed since my sister ________ (join) the charity.
56．Have you ________ (donate) money to the people who lost their homes
57．Her family are very worried about her because they ___________ (not receive) letters from her for months.
58．The little boy looks so sad these days. What ________ (happen) to him
59．It’s known to all that our lives ________ (change) a lot in the past twenty years.
60．They ________ (not see) the film yet. They are going to see it this evening.
语法填空。
Getting through the darkest days
A “dark moment” refers to the most difficult time in your life. Have you experienced any dark moments before How did you get through it
Liu Yifei, 14, Shaanxi
When I got to Grade Seven, I was sad to know that all of my classmates had studied everything before the class started. During class, everyone knew the answers ____66____ our teacher’s questions but I did not.
____67____ I studied hard, I couldn’t get good grades. I came last in the ____68____ (one) test. To catch up with my classmates, I looked for ways of learning online. For example, for history, drawing the timeline (时间线) on paper helped me a lot. What’s more, for English, I ____69____ (try) keeping English diaries. My grades then got a lot better. I’m very happy for ____70____ (I).
Lai Yijiang, 14, Sichuan
When I was in the sixth grade, I moved to ____71____ new city. At that time, I felt bad every day and I began to ____72____ (like) going to school. My classmates all knew each other and had their small groups. I had no friends and lost interest in everything. ____73____ (slow), I wasn’t serious about my study. My grades also became the ____74____ (bad) in the class. Those were my darkest days. Later, I made a friend. A ____75____ (say) goes that a true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. He made me open up, and I started to talk to more people. Also, I came to get used to the weather in this city. Step by step, I got better and better.
阅读理解
C
Touching China is a TV program on CCTV played once a year. It first appeared in2003. Ten role models were praised in the program for their moving stories and great achievements for our society.
Wu Yuren, a 74-year-old physics teacher from Tongji University in China, was among them. She won the award for her efforts to share knowledge through short videos. By the end of 2023, Wu’s popular physics experiment videos had caught over 5.2 million fans’ attention.
In her short videos, she often wears a coat with several pockets and takes magical “toys”. She uses them as teaching tools. She is able to make use of these everyday objects to explain physical questions in a simple way.
“I made these videos to make young people curious about common life. And I hope they can use everyday tools to experience the fun of discovering the truth of science,” Wu said.
Wu has been spreading physics knowledge actively for 16 years. She said children’s interest in doing experiments made her keep making videos. To guide students to put interest into experimental research, Wu is going to put up online courses as well as short videos.
According to CCTV, her videos are like “classrooms without walls”. The words of the Touching China Award said, “The popularity created by gray-haired people has created real energy.”
41. How long has the program Touching China lasted for
A. For less than ten years. B. For about ten years.
C. For over twenty years. D. For over thirty years.
42. What made Wu Yuren win the award in Touching China
A. Her hard-working spirit. B. Her videos of the common life.
C. Her popular physics experiments. D. Her efforts to share knowledge online.
43. Why does Wu Yuren make use of everyday objects in the videos
A. To make people curious about daily life.
B. To experience the fun of learning science.
C. To explain physical questions in a simple way.
D. To guide students to put interest into experiments.
44. Which words can best describe Wu Yuren
A. Knowledgeable and creative. B. Cheerful and brave.
C. Friendly and humorous. D. Calm and serious
45. The purpose of this passage is to________
A. introduce classrooms without walls B. describe popular short videos
C. tell a moving story behind the award D. praise interesting physics lessons.
补全语篇 以下是一篇短文，请阅读全文，并从下列六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中， 使原文的意思完整、连贯。
The undersea world is very beautiful. Now more and more people want to dive (潜水) in the water to find the secret there. Scuba diving is a new sport today. ____46____
You will find many strange animals in the sea. ____47____ Some give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth.
During the day, there is enough light. Here, under the sea, everything is blue and green. When fishes swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands. When you have bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. ____48____ And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water.
The deep sea is not an easy place to live in. It’s cold. And it’s dark too. ____49____ At about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is very dark in the sea. Many fishes have no eyes. Some have big eyes. A few have eyes on one side. Beside the cold and the darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger—other animals. Animals eat! They must find food to eat. Many animals eat plants. ____50____ This means these sea animals have two big jobs. They need to find animals as food, and they have to try not to become other animals’ meal.
A. Some are as large as a school bus.
B. However, you can’t dive too deep.
C. However, some animals eat meat.
D. It can take you into a wonderful undersea world.
E. The deeper it is, the less sunlight there is.
F. The water is very warm and comfortable for swimming.
信息匹配。下面的材料A—F是一些建议，请根据下面五位年轻人在筹备自己的生日派对时遇到的问题，帮他们选择合适的建议。
___51___. Judy plans to have her birthday party next week. However, she doesn’t know how to invite her friends to the party. She needs help.___52___. Paul invited about fifteen friends to come to his birthday party. He wants to make his friends enjoy themselves by eating something delicious, but he doesn’t know what he should prepare.___53___. Rita wants to make her birthday party interesting and exciting. She wants to play some games with her friends at the party. But she doesn’t know what games are the most interesting for them.___54___. Mike wants to do something to thank his parents and friends at his birthday party, but he doesn’t know what to do.___55___. Sally will invite her friends to her birthday party. But she doesn’t know how to clean the house after the party. A. A simple “thank you” will be great, and you can sing a song for your parents and friends. I believe they will be happy when they see what you do.B. Card games, hide-and-seek and musical chairs are interesting and popular with many people. You can play any of these games with your friends. Also, you can prepare a prize for the winner.C. It’s a good idea to ask some of your friends to help you clean the house. Don’t always ask your parents to do that for you. After all, that is your own work.D. Why not buy some snacks and drinks You can also ask your mother to cook for you if she cooks very well. I believe your friends will love them and enjoy themselves.E. You can invite all of your friends to come to your party. The more friends you invite, the more interesting your party will be.F. There are many ways to do it. You can leave messages, call them or write to them. Don’t forget to tell them when and where you will have the party.
