外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit5 Starting out&Understanding ideas 课件(共36张PPT)

(共36张PPT)
Understanding ideas
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Learning aims
1. To understand the brilliant achievements of Maya civilization, and find out the possible reasons for the decline and disappearance of Maya civilization;
2. To perceive the language characteristics of the text, and grasp the structure and context of the text;
3. To cultivate truth-seeking spirit and awareness of protecting modern civilization.
Leading-in
Four ancient civilisations are universally known by the world, such as Ancient India, Ancient Babylon, Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.
Leading-in
Besides, Ancient Greece and Ancient Roman play an important part on ancient civilisations.
What other ancient civilisations do you know of
Look the pictures and answer the questions.
1. What do you know about these ancient civilizations
They were very popular before the ancient civilizations suddenly disappeared.
2. What might be the reasons behind their collapse
The destruction of mankind might be the reasons behind their collapse.
Read the passage and find out the possible reasons for the disappearance of Maya civilisation.
The way that the Maya people changed the landscape around them may have been one of the reasons behind the disappearance of their civilisation. Turning wetlands into fields for growing grains, digging huge canal systems and cutting down more trees for construction reduced their ability to cope with natural diasters. When those natural disasters, such as droughts, struck, the Maya would have faced food shortages, conflicts and eventually, the downfall of their cities.
While-reading
Task 1
Choose the topic sentences and write them back
to the passage.
a Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since
its rediscovery in the 19th century.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya
to abandon most of their great cities.
c Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it
shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya
civilisation are among people.
d Research also suggests that those natural disasters may
have led to the decline of the Maya.
e Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also
leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
f Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people
themselves may have played a part in their downfall.






2
3
1
5
6
4
The Mysteries of the Maya
Task 2
Para. 1: Introduce the topic
Para. 2: the ____________ of Maya
civilisation
Para. 3: the __________ of Maya civilisation
Para. 4-5: The _______ for the disappearance of Maya Civilisation
Para. 4: ________
causes
Para. 5: ________
causes
Para. 6: the mysteries of Maya Civilisation remain to be _______
achievements
decline
reasons
human
natural
solved
Task 3
MAYA CIVILISATION
Time
Organise information from the passage and complete the file of Maya civilisation.
Location
Possible reasons for collapse
around 1800 BC to 1100 AD
from ________ to _________________
1. human causes - reduced the ability to deal with __________________
______________________________
______________________________
huge expansion of the ____________
2. natural causes - a series of __________ between 700 AD, each ______________________________
Mexico
Central America
natural disasters
turning wetlands into fields
digging huge canal systems
population
droughts
lasting for a couple of years
What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
To introduce Maya civilisation.
To amuse the readers.
To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
To inform us the location of the Maya city.
Task 4
What can’t we infer from the passage
Maya civilisation made a difference to our modern society.
Both human causes and natural causes led to Maya civilisation disappearing.
People still can’t solve the mystery of Maya civilisation.
By 700 B.C., the Maya civilisation was at its peak.
Think & Share
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
In order to introduce the topic of the passage, the author presents the story shows how the secrets of Ancient Maya civilization have captured people’s imagination.
Think & Share
2. What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilization How can this information help the development of today’s society
Human beings should respect nature and not violate the law of its development. On the one hand, we follow the natural law and believe in the survival of the fittest, On the other hand, we should actively transform the world around us and bravely fight agianst kinds of disasters as possible as we can.
Think and Share
What other things do you think could destroy a civilisation Share an example with the class.
What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilisation How can this information help the development of today’s society
Which of the arguments in the passage did you find the most convincing Give your reasons.
1. bury v. 将……埋在下面；埋藏；覆盖；遮盖；掩盖
(2024 广东省龙川一中高二检测)As the number of cattle grows, their waste increases, leading to an enormous population of flies and a worsening environment. Dung beetles, however, take the waste and bury it.随着牛的数量增加，它们的排泄物也会增加，导致大量苍蝇和不断恶化的环境。
She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她双手掩面哭泣。
The secret of a happy life isn't buried in a treasure chest. It lies within your heart.
幸福人生的秘密并非藏在财宝箱里，而是在你的心里。
【知识拓展】
be buried in＝bury oneself in　埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Ever since graduation, she has been buried her research work.
(2)He stood on the sidewalk with his hands (bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
【温馨提示】 表示“专心于”的短语还有：
①be devoted to　　 ②be absorbed in
③be addicted to ④be lost in
⑤focus on ⑥concentrate on
⑦be occupied with ⑧fix one's attention on
buried
in
2. apply　vi.申请　vt.& vi.适用，应用于
(2023 全国甲卷)You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations.
很快你就会发现，你越有耐心，你越能把耐心应用到其他更令人生气的情形中去。
I’d applied to become a volunteer at the Paris 2024 Olympic Games.
我已经申请在2024年巴黎奥运会上做一名志愿者。
(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful.
最新的工程技术被应用于创造这个既美观又具有保护功能的结构。
【知识拓展】
(1)apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某事物 apply...to... 把……应用于……
apply to sb./sth. 适用于/运用于某人/某物
apply oneself to (doing) sth. 集中精力于(做)某事，专注于(做)某事
apply to do sth. 申请做某事
(2)application n. 请求；申请；申请表；应用 applicant n. 申请人
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)(2023 全国乙卷) There has been a rise in the number of students applying food courses at UK universities and colleges.
(2)Apply yourself to (study), and you will perform well in the exam.
(3)Any applicant who would like to become an assistant in our company should send us an before December. (apply)
studying
for
to apply
application
3. ruin n. [C]残垣断壁，废墟；[U]毁坏；破灭 v. 毁坏，破坏；毁灭，使破产
(教材原句)Its once great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
This mistake ruined his chances of getting the job.
这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。
The news meant the ruin of all our hopes.
这消息使我们的一切希望都破灭了.
【知识拓展】
(1)in ruins　　　 严重受损，破败不堪
fall into ruin 衰落，败落
(2)ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage, leaving the city ruins.
(2)She went through a period of emotional adjustment after her company fell ruin and she finally decided to find a new job.
(3)We visited the ruins of the Summer Palace last winter, which (ruin)
by foreign invaders.
in
was ruined
into
4. abandon v. 离弃，逃离
(2022 全国乙卷)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
你的朋友可能会感到被抛弃了，处于新环境的人应该对这一点感同身受。
The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of money.
这项工程由于缺乏资金而不得不被放弃。
My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.
我的老师总是提醒我，在任何情况下，我都不应该放弃我已设定的学习目标。
【知识拓展】
(1)abandon doing sth.　　　　放弃做某事
abandon oneself to doing sth. 沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事
(2)with abandon　　 纵情；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)The new movie directed is set in an (abandon) factory.
(2)They abandoned (carry) out the plan because they were short of hand.
abandoned
carrrying
5.intrigue v . (因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
(教材原句) Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age，15- year-old Canadian William Gadoury thoughthe had made anincredible discovery from his study of ancient starcharts.15岁的加拿大男孩威廉·甘德瑞从很小的时候就对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己在研究古代星象图时得到了一个不可思议的发现。
What he wrote in the book intrigued me .
他在这本书中写的东西引起了我的兴趣。
At the age of 10 , he became intrigued by the musical instrument .
在他10岁的时候，他对这种乐器产生了兴趣。
【知识拓展】
1. intrigue against ...反对……的阴谋探究
2. intriguing adj .令人非常感兴趣的；迷人的要点
3.intrigued adj .感兴趣的；着迷的
become / get intrigued by被……迷住
be intrigued to do sth .有兴趣做某事
【即学即练】单句语法填空
1. ___________( intrigue ) by the book written by Jane Goodall , Rose was determined to study the wild animals .
2.Painting is_____________ ( intrigue ) , so you can ask your daughter to study it .
3.If your son is intrigued____________ chess , youcan allow him to play it .
4.Tom is intrigued ___________(know) how the universe came into being long long ago.
Intrigued
intriguing
by
to know
6.correspond to 与……相符；相当于
（教材原句）Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.
通过比较，他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与星星的位置相对应。
【知识拓展】
correspond to 与……相符；相当于
correspond with 与……通信；与……相符
in correspondence with 与……通信；与……一致
1. The gills of a fish correspond to our lungs.
鱼的鳃相当于我们的肺。
2.Do you ever correspond with your overseas friends
你和你国外的朋友通过信吗？
3.These goods don’t correspond with/to the list of those I ordered.
这些货物与我的订货单不相符。
4.I have been in correspondence with his private consultant about the problem.
关于这问题，我和他的私人顾问一直书信往来。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
1.The written record of the conversation doesn’t correspond _______ what was actually said.
2.They have been in _________________ (correspond) with each other since they left university.
3.In the past, it was difficult to correspond _______ our relatives.
to/with
correspondence
with
1.leave＋宾语＋宾补
(教材原句)The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.
城市荒废，任凭丛林蚕食取代。
(教材原句)Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
与此同时，这一文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。
以上两句中都使用了“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，该结构意为“使/让……继续处于某种状态、某地等”。
Don't leave the computer on when you go out. 你出去的时候别让计算机一直开着。
The bad weather left the project half finished.
糟糕的天气使工程只完成了一半。
【知识拓展】
leave的常见结构：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋现在分词 (其中宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)
(3)leave＋宾语＋过去分词 (其中宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)
(4)leave＋宾语＋动词不定式 (其中动词不定式表示将来的动作)
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)Don't leave the water (run) while you brush your teeth.
(2)He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast (touch).
(3)He has grown up, so you'd better leave him (solve) the problem by himself.
to solve
running
untouched
2.whatever引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.
无论原因是什么，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。
whatever引导让步状语从句，其含义相当于no matter what，意为“不管、无论”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。whatever引导的让步状语从句中可省略系动词。
Whatever problem he meets with, he never gives up.
无论遇到什么问题，他从不放弃。
(2022 新高考Ⅱ卷)He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. 无论他们在做什么，他总是尽自己最大的能力参与其中。
(2023 新高考Ⅰ卷)Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.不管犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的方面。
【知识拓展】
(1)whatever、 whoever、 whichever、 whomever可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(2)whenever、 wherever、 however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how。
【即学即练】完成句子
(1)无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。
will not make any difference to our arrangements.
(2)无论你今后做什么，你都要遵守规则。
, you must obey the rules.
Whatever she says
Whatever/No matter what you do in the future
1.represent representative
2.astronomy astronomer
3.remain remaining
4.dead deadly
5. discover discovery
6. mystery mysterious mysteriously
7. technology technological technologically
认知词汇
拓展词汇
intrigue
extend
accurate complicated
interpret
incredible
decline
landscape
primitive
drought
downfall
Summary
应用词汇
1. bury:be buried in＝bury oneself in; be buried in thought
2. apply:apply (to sb.) for sth.;apply...to... ;apply to sb./sth.;apply oneself to (doing) sth.;apply to do sth.;application;applicant
3.ruin:in ruins;fall into ruin; ruin one's health/fame/future
核心短语
1.make an incredible discovery
2.through comparison
3.correspond to
4.apply...to...
5.on top of...
6.at one's peak
7.natural disasters
8.far fewer
9.fall into ruin
10.claim riches
1.leave＋宾语＋宾补
(1)(教材原句)The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle.
(2)(教材原句)Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
2.whatever引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.
重点句式
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Air attacks forced the villagers to (离弃) their homes.
2．The fire spread so quickly that the building lay in (废墟) in no time.
3．He was so irresponsible that the manager decided to (开除) him.
4．I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese (文明)．
5．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, (将……埋在下面) her head in the book in her hands.
6. Chinese citizens are to have their fingerprints recorded when (申请) for or changing their identity cards.
课时重点回顾
abandon
burying
ruins
dismiss
civilisation
applying
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The old lady was so kind that she adopted many (abandon) cats and dogs.
2． (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.
3．The (apply) has experience in teaching and, more relevantly, in industry.
4．It rained for two weeks on end, completely (ruin) our holiday.
5．Athens, the birthplace of western (civilise), is the capital of Greece.
6．Give each picture a number corresponding its position on the page.
7．Since its introduction, the Beidou Navigation Satellite System has been applied everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.
abandoned
applicant
Burying
ruining
civilisation
to
to
Ⅲ. 补全句子
1．我写信是想申请成为中国画展的志愿者。
for the Chinese Painting Exhibition.
2．无论他作出什么决定我都会支持的。
, I will support it.
3．凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事。(leave＋宾语＋宾补)
Kate's sudden leaving what was going to happen.
4．要想通过考试，我必须埋头学习。
I shall have to if I am to pass the exam.
5．在我的空闲时间，我会定期锻炼，比如游泳和跑步，而不是沉迷于电脑游戏。
In my free time, I take regular exercise, such as swimming and running, instead of ．
I am writing to apply to be a volunteer
bury myself in studies
left us all wondering
Whatever decision he makes
abandoning myself to computer games
The shortest way to do many things is to only one thing at a time.
做许多事情的捷径就是一次只做一件事。