外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 3 The world of Science 一轮单元复习任务单（无答案）

必修三unit3
学习目标:
朗读重点词汇，并把文中划线词汇标注好意思，达到流畅翻理解文本。重点理解斜体的5句话
圈出文章所用的衔接手段。
补充完整思维导图。
完成阅读理解。
The new age of invention 新发明时代
There have been golden ages of invention throughout history. Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China: gunpowder, papermaking, printing and the compass. Then there were the great Western inventions: the steam engine, the telephone and the radio.
Thanks to huge advances in computing technology, wearable tech, flexible battery, and virtual reality, these inventions have been changed beyond recognition to date. For instance, gunpowder has been replaced with pure radium to make atom bombs. Recognized/Regarded as the most useful tool, a minor smartphone with gravity-sensor and GPS is as accurate as a compass and can also play VR stream video.
These impressive stuffs come from some brilliant and extraordinary figures: chemists, biologists, astronomers and so on. For example, Charles Darwin, best known for his work On the origin of species found the proof of active evolution and passive natural selection by field research. Benjamin Franklin, who helped draft the Declaration of Independence, proved that lightning is produced by electricity through that famous scientific experiment.
Many a book has given a detailed account of Franklin’s experiment procedure: Raised the kite with a piece of string tied to it. A metal key was attached to the string. With a faint blue light shooting across the sky and darkening to purple, a flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted. More than one research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. Neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
However, Franklin, along with many other scientists, presently is still capable of inspiring us to conduct experiments, come up with new theories and achieve significant success. Currently, there’s no cure for some common mental diseases. In addition, people have an incredible desire to relieve the press of the sick and the injured. Admittedly, we are a long way from invention like these. But as they say, never say never!
难词以及重点词汇解释
golden ages of invention：n.短语，golden（adj.，金色的；黄金般的；极好的）修饰ages（n.，时代；年龄复数形式），整体表示发明的黄金时代。
the four great inventions：n.短语，the（定冠词），four（数词，四），great（adj.，伟大的；重大的；极好的）修饰inventions（n.，发明复数形式），即四大发明。
the steam engine：n.短语，the（定冠词），steam（n.，蒸汽），engine（n.，发动机；引擎），意为蒸汽机。
the radio：n.短语，the（定冠词），radio（n.，收音机；无线电广播），就是收音机的意思。
huge advances：n.短语，huge（adj.，巨大的）修饰advances（n.，进步；进展复数形式），可译为巨大进步。
pure radium：n.短语，pure（adj.，纯的；纯粹的；纯净的）修饰radium（n.，镭），即纯镭。
tool：n.，工具；手段；器具，例如：A hammer is a useful tool.（锤子是一种有用的工具。）
gravity-sensor：n.，重力传感器，由gravity（n.，重力）和sensor（n.，传感器）组合而成。
impressive stuffs：n.短语，impressive（adj.，令人印象深刻的）修饰stuffs（n.，东西；物品复数形式，不过更常用stuff表示不可数的东西概念），可理解为令人印象深刻的东西。
brilliant and extraordinary figures：n.短语，brilliant（adj.，杰出的；灿烂的）和extraordinary（adj.，非凡的；特别的）共同修饰figures（n.，人物；数字；图形复数形式），意思是杰出非凡的人物。
astronomers：n.，天文学家，是astronomer（研究天体和宇宙的科学家）的复数形式。
active evolution：n.短语，active（adj.，积极的；活跃的）修饰evolution（n.，进化；演变），译为积极进化。
passive natural selection：n.短语，passive（adj.，被动的；消极的），natural（adj.，自然的）修饰selection（n.，选择），即被动自然选择。
draft：n.，草案；草稿；汇票；也可作v.，起草；草拟。例如：He showed me a draft of his speech.（他给我看了他演讲的草稿。）/ She drafted a plan for the project.（她为这个项目草拟了一个计划。）
lightning：n.，闪电，例如：The lightning struck the tree.（闪电击中了那棵树。）
experiment procedure：n.短语，experiment（n.，实验），procedure（n.，程序；步骤；手续），实验步骤。
a piece of：短语，常用来修饰不可数n.，表示数量，可译为一块；一片；一根；一件等，如：a piece of paper（一张纸），a piece of string（一根绳子）。
string：n.，绳子；线；弦，例如：She tied the parcel with a string.（她用一根绳子捆扎包裹。）
A metal key：n.短语，metal（n.，金属）作定语修饰key（n.，钥匙），即一把金属钥匙。
a faint blue light：n.短语，faint（adj.，微弱的；模糊的），blue（adj.，蓝色的）修饰light（n.，光；灯光；光线），可译为一道微弱的蓝光。
fiction：n.，小说；虚构；虚构的事，例如：He likes reading fiction.（他喜欢读小说。）
the details of the experiment：n.短语，details（n.，细节；详情复数形式），of（介词）表示所属关系，the experiment（实验），整体意思是实验的细节。
the sick：n.短语，the（定冠词）加上adj.sick（生病的）表示一类人，即病人。
the injured：n.短语，the（定冠词）加上adj.injured（受伤的）表示一类人，即伤者。
common mental diseases：n.短语，common（adj.，常见的；普通的），mental（adj.，精神的；脑力的）修饰diseases（n.，疾病复数形式），意为常见精神疾病。
v.及词性、翻译
Regarded as：v.短语，regard（v.，把……看作；认为）的过去分词形式regarded与as（介词，作为）搭配，意为被视为，常用于被动语态，例如：He is regarded as a hero.（他被视为英雄。）
prove：v.，证明；证实；检验，例如：He tried to prove his innocence.（他试图证明自己的无辜。）
Raise：v.，举起；提高；筹集；养育等，例如：He raised his hand.（他举起了手。）/ They are trying to raise money for the charity.（他们正在努力为慈善机构筹集资金。）
shoot：v.，射击；发射；抛出；拍摄等，例如：He shot an arrow.（他射出一支箭。）/ The movie was shot in Paris.（这部电影是在巴黎拍摄的。）
hit：v.，击中；碰撞；打击；到达（某一水平等），例如：The ball hit the wall.（球击中了墙。）/ The temperature hit 30 degrees.（温度达到了30度。）
is still capable of：v.短语，is（系v.be的第三人称单数现在时形式），still（adv.，仍然），capable（adj.，有能力的）与of（介词）搭配，意为仍然能够，例如：He is still capable of running a marathon.（他仍然能够跑马拉松。）
conduct experiments：v.短语，conduct（v.，进行；实施；指挥；引导），experiments（n.，实验复数形式），表示进行实验，例如：They conduct experiments in the laboratory.（他们在实验室里进行实验。）
come up with：v.短语，想出；提出；赶上，例如：He came up with a good idea.（他想出了一个好主意。）
cure：v.，治愈；治疗；消除（弊病等），例如：The doctor cured his disease.（医生治愈了他的疾病。）
relieve：v.，缓解；减轻；解除（职务等），例如：This medicine can relieve the pain.（这种药可以缓解疼痛。）
介词及词性、翻译
throughout：介词，贯穿；遍及；自始至终，例如：He traveled throughout the country.（他在全国旅行。）
as accurate as：短语介词，as...as结构用于比较，表示像……一样，这里accurate（adj.，准确的），整体意思是像……一样准确。
along with：介词短语，和……一起；连同，例如：He came along with his friends.（他和他的朋友一起来的。）
instead of：介词短语，代替；而不是，例如：He had juice instead of coffee.（他喝了果汁而不是咖啡。）
adv.及词性、翻译
beyond recognition to date：短语，beyond（介词，超出；除……之外），recognition（n.，认出；识别；承认），to date（到目前为止），整体可译为到目前为止已经变得难以辨认。
and so on：短语，等等，用于列举事物之后表示列举未尽，例如：There are apples, bananas, oranges and so on in the basket.（篮子里有苹果、香蕉、橙子等等。）
known for：短语，known（v.know的过去分词形式）与for（介词）搭配，意为以……而闻名，常用于被动语态，例如：This city is known for its beautiful scenery.（这座城市以其美丽的景色而闻名。）
Neither....nor...：连词短语，既不……也不……，用于连接两个否定的内容，例如：Neither he nor I like coffee.（他和我都不喜欢咖啡。）
adv.及词性、翻译
Currently：adv.，目前；当前；现在，例如：Currently, he is working on a new project.（目前，他正在做一个新的项目。）
Admittedly：adv.，诚然；公认地；不可否认地，例如：Admittedly, there are some problems.（诚然，存在一些问题。）
短语及词性、翻译
have an incredible desire：v.短语，have（v.，有），an（不定冠词），incredible（adj.，令人难以置信的），desire（n.，欲望；渴望），意为有着令人难以置信的渴望。
一、完成思维导图
The New Age of Invention
Golden Ages of Invention
│ ├── Ancient China Inventions
│ │ ├──
│ │ ├── Papermaking
│ │ ├──
│ │ └── Compass
│ └── Western Inventions
│ ├── Steam Engine
│ ├──
│ └──
|
├── Advances in
│ ├── Computing Technology
│ ├──
│ ├── Flexible Battery
│ └──
|
├── Transformation of Inventions
│ ├── Gunpowder to Radium (Atom Bombs)
│ ├── Smartphone as a
│ │ ├── Gravity-Sensor
│ │ └──
│ └── VR Stream Video
|
├── Brilliant Minds Behind Inventions
│ ├──
│ ├── Biologists
│ ├──
│ └── Notable Figures
│ ├── Charles Darwin
│ │ ├── On the of Species
│ │ └── Selection
│ └── Benjamin Franklin
│ ├── Declaration of
│ └── Lightning Experiment
│ ├── Kite with
│ ├── Key
│ ├── Lightning Conduction
│ └── vs. Fact
|
├── Current Inventions and Challenges
│ ├── Inspiration for Experiments
│ ├── New
│ └── Significant Success
|
├── Medical Inventions
│ ├── No Cure for Diseases
│ └── Desire to Relieve Sick and
|
└── Future of Inventions
├── Long from Current Inventions
└── "Never Say "
二、阅读理解：
1. What does the article suggest has replaced gunpowder in modern times
A. Pure radium
B. Traditional paper
C. Advanced compasses
D. Flexible batteries
2. According to the article, which of the following is a capability of a modern smartphone
A. Accurate compass navigation（导航）
B. Virtual reality streaming
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
3. Who is mentioned in the article as having provided proof of natural selection through field research
A. Charles Darwin
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. An unnamed chemist
D. An unnamed astronomer
4. What did Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment demonstrate
A. That lightning is produced by electricity
B. The composition of air
C. The principles of gravity
D. The invention of the telephone
5. What is the article's stance on the potential for future inventions
A. They are impossible to predict
B. They are limited by current technology
C. There is always room for innovation
D. The article expresses skepticism about future breakthroughs
三、写作：
你校英语周报在征稿，以“invention”为主题，请你写一篇稿子投稿，要求如下：
介绍你觉得最伟大的一项发明。
介绍原因
对你的启示。