Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction 课件 北师大版 选择性必修一

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Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 1 课件
by:Emily
1. How many times up to today has life on Earth almost died out
a. Once b. Five times c. More than 10 times
2. About what percent of all species on Earth became extinct during the mass extinction known as the “Great Dying”
a. Less than 10% b. Nearly 50% c. More than 90%
3. What do scientists think will cause the next mass extinction
a. Human activity b. Natural causes c. Unknown reasons
How much do you know about them Choose the option based on your knowledge.
白垩纪-古近纪灭绝事件恐龙大灭绝
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
奥陶纪-志留纪
灭绝事件
Ordovician–Silurian extinction event
三叠纪-侏罗纪
灭绝事件
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
泥盆纪
大灭绝
Late Devonian extinction
二叠纪－三叠纪
灭绝事件
Permian–Triassic extinction event / Great Dying
Dodo (渡渡鸟), extinct flightless bird of Mauritius (an island of the Indian Ocean). It was first seen by Portuguese sailors in 1507 and exterminated by humans and their introduced animals. The dodo was extinct in 1680.
渡渡鸟，毛里求斯（印度洋上的一个岛屿）已灭绝的不能飞行的鸟类。1507 年它首次被葡萄牙水手看见，后被人类以及人类引入的动物灭绝。渡渡鸟在 1680 年灭绝。
Passenger pigeon (北美候鸽), migratory bird hunted to extinction by humans. From 1870 the decline of the species became precipitous, and it was officially classified as extinct when the last known representative died on September 1, 1914 in the Cincinnati (Ohio) Zoo.
北美候鸽，一种因人类捕猎而灭绝的候鸟。从 1870 年起，该物种数量急剧下降，1914 年 9 月 1 日，当最后一只已知的北美候鸽在俄亥俄州辛辛那提动物园死亡时，它被正式列为灭绝物种。
夏威夷牛膝草在 20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代曾遍布夏威夷的海滩。不幸的是，夏威夷成为了热门旅游目的地。这种灌木状植物的栖息地被酒店、公寓和旅游开发项目侵蚀，使其在短时间内灭绝（1990 年灭绝）。
Hawaian chaff flower (夏威夷牛膝草) was everywhere on the beaches of Hawaii in the 1950s and 1960s. Unfortunately, Hawaii has become a popular destination.The shrubby plant's habitat has been eroded by hotels, apartments and tourist developments, leaving it extinct in a short period of time (extinct in 1990).
夏威夷牛膝草在 20 世纪 50 年代和 60 年代曾遍布夏威夷的海滩。不幸的是，夏威夷成为了热门旅游目的地。这种灌木状植物的栖息地被酒店、公寓和旅游开发项目侵蚀，使其在短时间内灭绝（1990 年灭绝）。
Pyrenean ibex (比利牛斯山羊), once commonly found in Southern France, Northern Pyrenees and Cantabrian Mountains, was one of the four subspecies of Iberian wild goat or Spanish ibex. They were found in huge numbers even a few hundred years ago. However, by 1900 the numbers went down to less
than 100, and after 1910,
the number never went up
above 40. The last Pyrenean
ibex was Celia, a female,
found dead in the year 2000.
比利牛斯山羊曾常见于法国南部、比利牛斯山北部以及坎塔布连山脉。它是伊比利亚野生山羊或西班牙羱羊的四个亚种之一。几百年前它们的数量极为庞大。然而，到 1900 年时，数量下降到不足 100 只，1910 年之后，数量从未超过 40 只。最后一只比利牛斯山羊是一只名为西莉亚的雌性山羊，它于 2000 年被发现死亡。
Para 1
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Read paragraph 1-4 and get the main idea of each paragraph.
Background information of extinction
Main reasons of the sixth extinction
Possible consequences of the sixth mass extinction
Actions we can do to avoid the
sixth mass extinction.
The Third Extinction
The Fifth Extinction
The Sixth Extinction
Causes
Effects
Solutions
1. What is the text type of the passage
A. Narration (记叙文).
B. Argumentative Essay (议论文).
C. Expository Writing (说明文).
D. News Report (新闻报道).
Narration 记叙文：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果。反馈生活、思想感情。
Exposition 说明文：旨在解释、阐述某个主题，让读者了解事物的本质、原理、特点等。说明文通常以事实、数据、逻辑推理等方式展开论述。
Argumentation 议论文：以作者的观点为核心，通过提供论据和证据来支持自己的论点，说服读者接受自己的观点。论说文通常分为论点、论据和结论三个部分。
Academic Essay 学术论文：针对某个学术领域的研究，要求作者具备扎实的理论基础和严谨的研究方法。学术论文通常包含引言、正文和结论三个部分。
2. What ways can we use in exposition Find examples from the passage.
A. Citing ideas from experts or authorities
B. Giving examples
E. Using comparison and contrast
D. Referring to common knowledge
C. Using data
F. Giving definition
A. Citing ideas from experts or authorities
B. Giving examples
C. Using data
D. Referring to common knowledge
A
C
D
B
E. Using comparison and contrast
E
F. Giving definition
F
96%
dinosaurs
asteroids
sea levels
oxygen
content
Read Para.1 to find the information about extinctions.
Read para.2 and get the main reasons of the sixth mass extinction.
Main reasons of the sixth mass extinction
Air and water pollution
forests being destroyed
factory farming
overfishing.
Human activity
Read Para. 3 and list the possible consequences of the sixth mass extinction.
up to three quarters of all species on earth could die out.
We humans would also be at risk of dying out.
Possible consequences of the sixth mass extinction
1. What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A.Call on people to protect the Earth.
B.Blame people for destroying the environment.
C.Urge the government to take action.
D.Warn the public to reduce their destructive behaviour.
√
Read Para. 4 and choose the best answer.
2. What should we do to protect the earth
▲take steps to save (1)___________________ ;
▲change the way (2)__________________ by using cleaner, more natural sources of energy
▲improve farming methods to (3) _________ water, air and land pollution
endangered species
we work and travel
reduce
3.What rhetorical devices(修辞手法) does the author use in this paragraph
A.Metaphor(暗喻)．
B.Personification(拟人)．
C.Overstatement(夸张)．
D.Parallel construction(排比)．
√
Case Study
Read the Case Study and do the following exercises.
1. What did people do to protect black robins
▲Wildlife workers began (1)____________ for raising black robin chicks.
▲They (2)_________ Old Blue’s eggs, helped them to (3)______ and took care of their (4)________.
▲They (5)_________ their habitats and (6)__________ small animals that hunt them from the islands where they live.
a programme
protected
hatch
chicks
restored
removed
2. What is the effect of their efforts
In 1980
Now
There were only 5 black robins left in the world, only one of which was able to lay eggs.
There are more than 250 black robins and the population is still spreading.
A.Humans can do whatever they want.
B.The black robins are successfully saved from extinction.
C.It is human activity that has affected the species negatively.
D.It’s never too late to take action to protect the environment.
√
3.Which claim did the Case Study support in the text
课本P55 Complete the paragraph about extinctions using the correct form of the phrases below.
die out be known as have affected
depend on wipe out take steps
take action set up take care of
In the last 500 million years, there have been five mass extinction events on Earth. In the third event, which 1_____________ the "Great Dying, 90% to 96% of all species 2__________. Of course, species died out due to many causes. But nowadays, human activity 3____________ all types of species that we 4__________ for living.
was known as
died out
has affected
depend on
We need to 5__________ to avoid the sixth mass extinction. We should 6__________ to save endangered animals and plants, and 7__________ special areas to 8__________them before the next extinction comes that may 9___________ the entire species.
take steps
take action
set up
take care of
wipe out
Thank you!