人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit1 Science and fction Learning About Language 课件 (共21张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit1 Science and fction Learning About Language 课件 (共21张PPT) |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-11-18 11:40:03 | ||
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(共21张PPT)
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Period 2 Learning About Language
The passive voice
Lead in 感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
1.It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.
2.Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.
3.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human.
4.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops.
1.以上句子中都使用了被动语态，句1为 的被动语态；句3为
的被动语态；句4为 的被动语态。
2.句2为不定式的被动语态，to be harmed作allow的 。
过去将来时
过去进行时
一般过去时
宾语补足语
一、语态概述
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的句子谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。
二、被动语态的用法
下面几种情况一般用被动语态
1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。
The meeting has been put off for some reason.
会议已因故被推迟了。
2.强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。
A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school.
学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特别班。
3.出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。
Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.
希望大家遵守以下规定。
三、各种时态的被动语态
项目 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are
being done has/have
been done
过去 was/were done was/were
being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done 无 shall/will have
been done
1.You are invited to make a speech in our school.
邀请您去我们学校做一个演讲。
2.（2024·新高考II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
两年后，受《牡丹亭》的启发，一座6米高的亭子在第一花园建成，距离莎士比亚的出生地只有10分钟的步行路程。
3.It is said that the meeting will be held at 8：00 a.m. tomorrow.
据说会议将于明天上午8点举行。
4.He was being punished for being late by the head teacher.
他因迟到而正受到班主任的惩罚。
5.The life of the milu deer is being studied by specialists at present.
目前专家正在研究麋鹿的生活。
6.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.
这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成30种语言。
7.They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.
在执行这项计划之前，他们已经被警告过多次了。
8.The work will have been finished by the end of next month.
到下个月末，这项工作将要被完成。
四、各种时态的被动语态中的特殊情况
1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree.
听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。
2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。
(1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything.
→He was seen sitting there without doing anything.
我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。
(2)His words made me throw up.
→I was made to throw up by his words.
他的话令我作呕。
[名师点津] 在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。
3.带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。
My father is telling me an interesting story now.
→An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.
→I’m being told an interesting story by my father now.
爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
4.动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
The old people are often taken care of by these girls.老人们经常被这些女孩照顾。
5.主动形式表示被动意义。
(1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来美味可口。
What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。
(2)当 wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.
这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。
(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
His hair needs cutting.→His hair needs to be cut.
他的头发需要剪了。
(4)be worth doing→be worthy to be done主动形式表被动意义。
The novel is worth reading again.→The novel is worthy to be read again.
这部小说值得再读一次。
五、动词不定式的被动语态
1.动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式。
I am very happy to be thus praised.受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。
The room seems to have been broken into.似乎有人闯进过这间房子。
The boy was pleased to be taken to the zoo.男孩很高兴被带去动物园。
The jewel seemed to have been stolen by someone.珠宝似乎被人偷走了。
2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况
(1)动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且与句中另一名词或代词之间有逻辑上的主动关系时。
The poor old man only has a very small room to live in.
那位可怜的老人只有一间很小的房间住。
(2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。
It is said that these apples are good to eat.
据说这些苹果很好吃。
(3)某些动词(如blame，let等)的不定式用在be后作表语时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The police thought that the careless driver was to blame for the accident.
警察认为事故应归咎于粗心的司机。
(4)动词不定式与疑问词连用时。
With so many books on hand，Tom had no idea which book to read first.
手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道应该先读哪一本。
返 回
Ⅰ.句型转换(变为被动语态)
1.He plants many trees every year.
→_____________________________________
2.He has read many articles by Lu Xun.
→___________________________________________
3.He will finish his homework in two hours.
→__________________________________________
4.She said that she would finish the task in a day or two.
→________________________________________________
Many trees are planted by him every year.
Many articles by Lu Xun have been read by him.
His homework will be finished by him in two hours.
She said that the task would be finished in a day or two.
Exercise
5.They were cleaning the classroom when I was there.
→_____________________________________________
6.The new couple bought the furniture the other day.
→___________________________________________________
7.The experts are discussing the problem at the meeting.
→_____________________________________________________
8.He had left his keys before he came to my place.
→__________________________________________________
The classroom was being cleaned when I was there.
The furniture was bought by the new couple the other day.
The problem is being discussed by the experts at the meeting.
His keys had been left by him before he came to my place.
Ⅱ.语法填空
In Alaska，the wolf almost 1. (disappear) a few years ago，because hunters 2. (kill) hundreds of them for sport.However，laws
3. (establish) to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who caught the animals for their fur.So the wolf population has greatly increased.Now there are so many wolves that they 4. (destroy) their own food supply.
A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family.People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food.Many of the animals 5. ________________ (destroy) by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life.When the deer can’t find enough food，they 6. _________ (die).
disappeared
killed
were established
are destroying
have been destroyed
(will) die
If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer，their prey(猎物)
7. (disappear) some day.And the wolves will, too. So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology. If we 8.______(kill) more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying out.We’d also save some farm animals.
In another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for food. Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem.They 9.________(believe) it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there 10. ___ (be) a small wolf population.
will disappear
killed
believe
is
The longest way must have its close; the gloomiest night will wear on a morning.
最长的路也有尽头，最黑暗的夜晚也会迎来清晨。
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Period 2 Learning About Language
The passive voice
Lead in 感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
1.It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.
2.Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.
3.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human.
4.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops.
1.以上句子中都使用了被动语态，句1为 的被动语态；句3为
的被动语态；句4为 的被动语态。
2.句2为不定式的被动语态，to be harmed作allow的 。
过去将来时
过去进行时
一般过去时
宾语补足语
一、语态概述
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示句子主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示句子主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的句子谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词的过去分词”。一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者用by短语表示出来。
二、被动语态的用法
下面几种情况一般用被动语态
1.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。
The meeting has been put off for some reason.
会议已因故被推迟了。
2.强调动作的承受者时，需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语表示出来。
A special class to help poor readers was set up by an expert in the school.
学校的一位专家开办了一个帮助阅读困难者的特别班。
3.出于礼貌避免说出动作的执行者时。
Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.
希望大家遵守以下规定。
三、各种时态的被动语态
项目 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are done am/is/are
being done has/have
been done
过去 was/were done was/were
being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done 无 shall/will have
been done
1.You are invited to make a speech in our school.
邀请您去我们学校做一个演讲。
2.（2024·新高考II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
两年后，受《牡丹亭》的启发，一座6米高的亭子在第一花园建成，距离莎士比亚的出生地只有10分钟的步行路程。
3.It is said that the meeting will be held at 8：00 a.m. tomorrow.
据说会议将于明天上午8点举行。
4.He was being punished for being late by the head teacher.
他因迟到而正受到班主任的惩罚。
5.The life of the milu deer is being studied by specialists at present.
目前专家正在研究麋鹿的生活。
6.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.
这本书自1973年上市以来已被译成30种语言。
7.They had been warned many times before they carried out the plan.
在执行这项计划之前，他们已经被警告过多次了。
8.The work will have been finished by the end of next month.
到下个月末，这项工作将要被完成。
四、各种时态的被动语态中的特殊情况
1.否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。
He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree.
听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。
2.主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。
(1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything.
→He was seen sitting there without doing anything.
我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。
(2)His words made me throw up.
→I was made to throw up by his words.
他的话令我作呕。
[名师点津] 在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。
3.带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。
My father is telling me an interesting story now.
→An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.
→I’m being told an interesting story by my father now.
爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
4.动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。
The old people are often taken care of by these girls.老人们经常被这些女孩照顾。
5.主动形式表示被动意义。
(1)连系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来美味可口。
What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。
(2)当 wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long.
这种布料很容易洗，并且耐穿。
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。
(3)need，want，require，deserve等＋doing用主动形式表示被动意义。
His hair needs cutting.→His hair needs to be cut.
他的头发需要剪了。
(4)be worth doing→be worthy to be done主动形式表被动意义。
The novel is worth reading again.→The novel is worthy to be read again.
这部小说值得再读一次。
五、动词不定式的被动语态
1.动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式。
I am very happy to be thus praised.受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。
The room seems to have been broken into.似乎有人闯进过这间房子。
The boy was pleased to be taken to the zoo.男孩很高兴被带去动物园。
The jewel seemed to have been stolen by someone.珠宝似乎被人偷走了。
2.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况
(1)动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且与句中另一名词或代词之间有逻辑上的主动关系时。
The poor old man only has a very small room to live in.
那位可怜的老人只有一间很小的房间住。
(2)动词不定式跟在性质形容词后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。
It is said that these apples are good to eat.
据说这些苹果很好吃。
(3)某些动词(如blame，let等)的不定式用在be后作表语时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The police thought that the careless driver was to blame for the accident.
警察认为事故应归咎于粗心的司机。
(4)动词不定式与疑问词连用时。
With so many books on hand，Tom had no idea which book to read first.
手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道应该先读哪一本。
返 回
Ⅰ.句型转换(变为被动语态)
1.He plants many trees every year.
→_____________________________________
2.He has read many articles by Lu Xun.
→___________________________________________
3.He will finish his homework in two hours.
→__________________________________________
4.She said that she would finish the task in a day or two.
→________________________________________________
Many trees are planted by him every year.
Many articles by Lu Xun have been read by him.
His homework will be finished by him in two hours.
She said that the task would be finished in a day or two.
Exercise
5.They were cleaning the classroom when I was there.
→_____________________________________________
6.The new couple bought the furniture the other day.
→___________________________________________________
7.The experts are discussing the problem at the meeting.
→_____________________________________________________
8.He had left his keys before he came to my place.
→__________________________________________________
The classroom was being cleaned when I was there.
The furniture was bought by the new couple the other day.
The problem is being discussed by the experts at the meeting.
His keys had been left by him before he came to my place.
Ⅱ.语法填空
In Alaska，the wolf almost 1. (disappear) a few years ago，because hunters 2. (kill) hundreds of them for sport.However，laws
3. (establish) to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who caught the animals for their fur.So the wolf population has greatly increased.Now there are so many wolves that they 4. (destroy) their own food supply.
A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family.People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food.Many of the animals 5. ________________ (destroy) by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life.When the deer can’t find enough food，they 6. _________ (die).
disappeared
killed
were established
are destroying
have been destroyed
(will) die
If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer，their prey(猎物)
7. (disappear) some day.And the wolves will, too. So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology. If we 8.______(kill) more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying out.We’d also save some farm animals.
In another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for food. Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem.They 9.________(believe) it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there 10. ___ (be) a small wolf population.
will disappear
killed
believe
is
The longest way must have its close; the gloomiest night will wear on a morning.
最长的路也有尽头，最黑暗的夜晚也会迎来清晨。