人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit2 Iconic Attractions Learnig about language 课件 (共30张PPT)

(共30张PPT)
Unit2
Period 2 Learning About Language
Past Participle Past Participle
(Revision)
1. To learn the functions of past participle V-ed.
2. To tell the difference between V-ed and V-ing.
3. To learn how to analyze sentence structures.
Learning aims
理论基础
1. 一个英语句子有且仅有一个谓语动词。
（谓语动词的个数=句子的个数）
2. 英语句子：
简单句（一个句子构成）
复合句（由连词连接2个及以上句子构成）
作谓语的V-ed
1.have/has/had+V-ed 构成完成时
2.be+V-ed 构成被动语态
(不能单独使用)
Since 2019, our life has changed a great deal.
What you said will be recorded and sent to the police.
非谓语动词
V-ing
V-ed
to do
表主动和进行
表被动或完成
表将要或目的
作非谓语的V-ed
动向一、过去分词短语作定语用法Attribute
动向二、过去分词短语作表语用法Predicative
动向三、过去分词短语作宾补用法Object Complement
动向四、过去分词短语作状语用法Adverbial
过去分词高考考向归纳
(1)They found a damaged car at the gate of the park.
(2)I bought some painted chairs.
(3)He lives in the house built by his father.
(4)Have you read this book written by Lu Xun？
(5)Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
1. 单个的过去分词作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
(1)He is one of those invited.
(2)Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.
(3)He wanted to interview someone related to the matter.
2.过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。
过去分词作定语
a broken heart
a lost dog
a risen sun
an organized trip
a broken glass
一颗破碎的心
丧家之犬
已升起的太阳
一次有组织的旅行
一个破玻璃杯
Examples：
在既定的时间内
用所给的单词
被通缉的人
被聘工人
关切的神情
有关人士
in the given time
with the words given
a wanted person
workers wanted
a concerned look
the people concerned
boiling water
= water that is boiling
boiled water
=water that has boiled
正在沸腾的水
已经沸腾过的水
polluted water printed articles
已经被污染的水
已经被打印的文章
其他形式非谓语动词作定语与-ed作定语的区别
1.现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作； 不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示一个已完成的动作；只有及物动词的过去分词才表示一个完成且被动的动作。
(退休工人)
(逃犯)
(归国留学生)
Compare the followings:
(正在变化的)
(变化了的)
(正在凋谢的)
(已经凋谢了的)
(发展的)
(发达的)
(正在飘落的)
(已经飘落了的)
the changing world
the changed world
fading flowers
faded flowers
falling leaves
fallen leaves
a developing country
a developed country
retired workers
an escaped prisoner
returned students
e.g.
I have much work to do.
The building to be finished at the end of this year will be our lab building.
The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful.
Did you see the boy being questioned by the police
2. to do
to be done
doing
being done
表示一个将来的动作
表示一个正在进行的被动动作
表示一个将来的被动动作
表示一个正在进行的主动动作
I know the people building the house there.
The house being built over there is a shop.
The house built over there is a shop.
(主动、进行）
(被动、进行)
(被动、完成）
Exercises
1.The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well .
A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending
2.The prize of the game show is ＄30,000 and an all expenses _____ vacation to China.
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
3. The disc, digitally ___ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, ___as 3M.
A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
B
B
A
B
1.-ing作表语与-ed作表语的区别
What a surprising result!
I am surprised at what he said.
{
Conclusion:现在分词表示主动的意义，常指事物；过去分词表示被动的意义，常指人。
Fill in the blanks with the right form.
1.I had nothing to do. I was ______(bore) and lonely.
2.Jack looked even more _________(amaze) than he felt.
3.The results were very ______________(disappoint).
4.I was thanked by the __________ (satisfy) customer.
amazed
bored
disappointing
satisfied
过去分词作表语
The window is broken.
The window was broken by the boy.
Conclusion: be + 过去分词，如果表示动作的完成和状态是系表结构，此时它相当于一个形容词；如果表示被动的动作是被动语态，此时主语为动作的承受者,后常跟by短语。
2. 过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别
Compare:
{
（1） 完全形容词化了的动词-ed形式：可以被very等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有：
bored, disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried 等。
（2）有的动词-ed形式可以被副词well修饰，如：
built, cooked, done, dressed, known, prepared, written等。
（3）其它副词也可以修饰动词-ed形式 ，如：
deeply moved, highly developed, heavily--populated等。
注意事项
（4）动词-ed形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及that引导的宾语从句。
e.g. He is very much disappointed at the result.
The mother was pleased to hear from her son.
I’m satisfied that you didn’t tell me a lie.
1.As we joined the big crowd, I got ___from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C．lost D. missed
2.I don’t know the restaurant，but it is ____ to be quite a good one.
A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked
3. The young man seems to be _____in law．
A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. being interested
4. Have you read the news in today's newspaper？This news sounds _____.
A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage
5.----Shall we go swimming
----OK. I’ll just go and get _____.
A. changed B. to change C. to be changed D. changing
Exercises:
A
A
B
A
A
1.及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示一个完成且被动的动作; 不及物动词的过去分词作宾补只表示动作的完成和状态。
When he arrived, he found all the work finished.
We found the village greatly changed.
2.现在分词作宾补表示一个主动或正在进行的动作; 现在分词的被动式作宾补表示一个正在进行的被动动作。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting .
I saw the child being beaten by his father.
过去分词作宾补
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. With all the work finished, he went back.
(2023·浙江1月高考）With one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began climbing.
（1）让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做
（2）遭受某种损失或某种不愿要的结果
1. have sth. done
Yesterday she had her wallet stolen.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
2.介词with＋宾语＋过去分词
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
I have had my bike repaired.
Exercises
1.You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ____ often enough.
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
2.Helen had to shout ____ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. make herself heard D. to make herself heard
3.If you want _____ immediately, you have to give us some money in advance.
A. that the work be done B. the work done
C. to have done the job D. the job that is done
D
D
B
4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
B
C
1. 作时间状语
Told of his mother’s accident, Jack phoned the hospital.
Translated into English, the sentence was found to have a different word order.
When asked to speak, he complained about the poor service.
2. 作原因状语
Caught in the rain, he had a fever.
（2024·新高考II卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
过去分词作状语
3. 作条件状语
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.
Cleared, this site would be very valuable.
The house will look bigger if painted white.
She will gladly come to your house if invited.
4. 作让步状语
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
Though told to stop, he kept on walking.
Even if given every opportunity, they would not succeed.
5. 作方式状语
I am returning your letter as requested.
He was walking sadly as if injured.
6. 作伴随状语
Mary came out of the room, followed by her dog.
A crowd rushed in, armed with sticks.
1.Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
2.Seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school.
3. Having studied hard, he succeeded in passing the final exam.
4. Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.
Conclusion:
1.过去分词和现在分词逻辑上的主语都为句子主语，但是过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，而现在分词与主语之间存在主动关系。
2.现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可表示 “完成”和 “被动”,但前者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作;而后者的时间性不强。
7.动词的 -ed形式与-ing 形式作状语的区别：
doing
having done
done
having been done
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生
各种动词形式作状语的区别
Exercises:
1.____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
2.____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
3.____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
4.When_____help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
5.When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
6.___ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When compare
C. Comparing D. When compared
7. ______ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decide to spend another two days on the farm.
A. Attracting B . Having attracted
C. To be attracted D. Attracted
8. They are going to have the service man ___ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.
A. fix B. to fix C. to be fixed D. fixed
9. You will see this product ____ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising
10.____the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B. Not completed
C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
11.Our self-respect increased when _____by others.
A. feeling accepted B. accepted
C. we feel accepted D. accepting
The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.
对明天最好的准备就是今天做到最好。